Web-Based Marketing Information System Design as One of the Multi-Channel Marketing Strategies on Ship Design Services Business
Aini Oktaviani, I Gusti Ayu Sri Deviyanti November 2022 – Page No.: 01-05
Technology has made great progress every year. For example, information and communication technology. Thanks to the development of information and communication technology, marketing methods that were previously traditional and conventional have now been integrated into the digital world. Many businesses use internet technology to sell and promote their products. Handa Ship Design & Drawing business which is a business in the field of ship design services, plans to market their business online in the hope that this business can be known by many people. Based on the existing background, a web-based marketing information system was created as one of the applications of multichannel marketing strategies for the business. The development of information systems in this study was carried out using the system development life cycle method with a waterfall model approach. System modelling is described using context diagrams, data flow diagrams, and ER diagrams. This information system was built using PHP programming language and MySQL for the database. The final result of this research is a website that can be used by business owners to introduce their business and as a place of communication between customers and business owners.
Page(s): 01-05 Date of Publication: 29 November 2022
Aini Oktaviani
Faculty of Engineering, WR Supratman University Surabaya, Indonesia
I Gusti Ayu Sri Deviyanti
Faculty of Engineering, WR Supratman University Surabaya, Indonesia
[1] Abdullah, (2015). Design of a Web-Based Student Data Collection Information System for Darul Yatama Private Islamic Junior High School. Indonesian Journal on Networking and Security – Volume 4 No. 1.
[2] Davis, G.B. (1999). Basic Framework of Management Information System. Jakarta: Institute for Management Education and Development.
[3] Jayanti, Iriani, (2014). Payroll Information System at CV. Blumbang Sejati Pacitan. Journal Speed-Sentra Research Engineering And Education – Volume 6 NO 3 – 2014 – ijns.org.
[4] Marimin, Tanjung, H. & Prabowo, H. (2006). Human Resource Management Information System. Jakarta: Grasindo.
[5] Rerung, R.R., 2018. Basic Web Programming. Deepublish.
[6] Simanungkalit, J.H.U.P. and Si, S., 2006. Basic Concepts of Information Systems. Sofwan, Akhmad.
[7] Sulthoni, S., 2015. Web-based E-Commerce Information System for Marketing Agricultural Products of Kluwan Village (Doctoral dissertation, College of Electronics and Computer Semarang).
[8] Sutabri, T., 2012. The concept of information systems. Andi Publisher.
[9] Wahid, A. A. (2020). Analysis of the Waterfall Method for Information System Development. J. Sciences Inform. and Manaj. STMIK, no. November, 1-5.
[10] Yanto, (2016). Database Management Using MySQL. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, February 2016 ISBN 978-602-401-204-5.
Aini Oktaviani, I Gusti Ayu Sri Deviyanti, “Web-Based Marketing Information System Design as One of the Multi-Channel Marketing Strategies on Ship Design Services Business ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.01-05 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/01-05.pdf
Download PDF
Model for Tree Volume Estimation, Determination of Root- Shoot Relationship and Biomass Production of Annona glabra
P. G. Dikwaththa, D. T. Jayawardana, and D. Pindeniya November 2022 – Page No.: 06-12
Annona glabra is a widely spreading invasive species which reduces biodiversity in ecosystems. The volume prediction of the tree is imortant for better preventive measures. The objectives of the study were to construct a volume prediction model, determination of the root and shoot ratio and field measures of A. glabra. Random sampling was used in Thalangama tank to collect the data from two age classes of 7 years and 12 years. Total biomass was estimated using fresh weight and dry weight of destructive tree samples. Mean total tree biomass estimated for 7 years and 12 years are 6.98 kg per tree (±0.42) and 7.59 kg per tree (±0.40) respectively. Root: shoot ratio for 7 years and 12 years are 1: 2.6 and 1: 2.4 respectively. Model for predicting tree age and tree volume estimated by regression analysis and the best fit models were selected based on R2 value. The models were construted of Age = (-2.527) + (1.525 Ht) for prediction of age of tree and V = (-0.014) + 5.494 BA + 0.002 Ht for prediction of individual height of tree of A. glabra. The introduced models of A. glabra would provide better calculation of volume stock and helps in better management practises of wetland ecosystems.
Page(s): 06-12 Date of Publication: 02 December 2022
P. G. Dikwaththa
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
D. T. Jayawardana
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
D. Pindeniya
Wetland Management Division, Sri Lanka Land Reclamation and Development Corporation, Sri Lanka
[1] Aboal, J., Arevalo, J. R., Fernandez, A. (2005) Allometric relationships of different tree species and stand above ground biomass in the Gomera laurel forest (Canary Islands). Flora- Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants, 200(3), pp.264-274
[2] Akindele, S. O., and LeMay, V. M., (2006) Development of tree volume equations for common timber species in the tropical rain forest area of Nigeria. Forest Ecology and Management 226, pp. 41–48
[3] Amarasinghe, A. G. (2019) Trends of wetland reclamation in Colombo Metropolitan Region in Sri Lanka and strategies to minimize adverse impact. Sri Lanka Journal of Advanced Social Studies, 9 (1)
[4] Bandara, W.A.R.T.W., Ranasinghe, O, Perera, P., Vlosky, R., Kizha, A. R. (2022) Potential to use invasive plants in biomass energy production: A case study Prosopis juliflora in coastal wetlands of Sri Lanka. Trees, Forests and People, 10.
[5] Bambaradeniya C. (2002). The status and implications of alien invasive species in Sri Lanka. Zoos’ Print Journal, 17 (11), pp. 930-935
[6] Blujdea, V., Pilli, R., Dutca, I., Ciuvat, L. and Abrudan, I. (2012). Allometric biomass equations for young broadleaved trees in plantations in Romania. Forest Ecology and Management, 264, pp.172-184
[7] Central Environmental Authority (2006) National Wetland Directory of Sri Lanka
[8] Dar, S. A., Bhat, S. U., Rashid, I. and Dar, S. A. (2020) Current Status of Wetlands in Srinagar City: Threats, Management Strategies, and Future Perspectives. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7, 199.
[9] Dey, T., Ahmed, S. and Islam, MD.A. (2021). Relationships of tree height-diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown diameter-DBH of Acacia auriculiformis plantation.Aasian Journal of Forestry, 5, pp.71–75.
[10] Dhyani, R., (2021). Modelling tree growth for estimation and validation of stem volume equations. Amity Journal of Computational Sciences (AJCS), 4(2) & 5(1)
[11] Han, Y., Wu, B., Wang, K., Guo, E., Dong, C. and Wang, Z. (2016). Individual-tree form growth models of visualization simulation for managed Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 123, pp.341-350.
[12] Hogg, B. W., Lewis, T., Huth, J. R. & Lee, D. J., (2021). Small-tree volume equations for subtropical hardwood plantation species. Australian Forestry, 84:3, pp. 152-158
[13] Kotagama, S. W. and Bambaradeniya, C. N. (2006). An overview of the wetlands of Sri Lanka and their conservation significance. National Wetlands Directory of Sri Lanka, 7-16.
[14] Kuyah, S., Dietz, J., Muthuri, C., Jamnadass, R., Mwangi, P., Coe, R. and Neufeldt, H. (2012). Allometric equations for estimating biomass in agricultural landscapes: I. Aboveground biomass. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 158, pp.216-224.
[15] Kuyah, S., Dietz, J., Muthuri, C., van Noordwijk, M. and Neufeldt, H. (2013). Allometry and partitioning of above- and below-ground biomass in farmed eucalyptus species dominant in Western Kenyan agricultural landscapes. Biomass and Bioenergy, 55, pp.276- 284.
[16] Ministry of Environment (2016) National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan 2016-2022
[17] Metro Colombo Urban Development Project (2015) Wetland Management Strategy ‐ Technical Report 02 ‐ Ecological Status
[18] Mokany, K., Raison, R. and Prokushkin, A. (2006). Critical analysis of root: shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes. Global Change Biology, 12(1), pp.84-96.
[19] Monk, C. (1966). Ecological Importance of Root/Shoot Ratios. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 93(6), p.402.
[20] Mugasha, W., Eid, T., Bollandsås, O., Malimbwi, R., Chamshama, S., Zahabu, E. and Katani, J. (2013). Allometric models for prediction of above- and belowground biomass of trees in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania. Forest Ecology and Management, 310, pp.87- 101.
[21] Rizk, A. and Singerman, A. (2020) The social cost of managing invasive species: the case of citrus greening. 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouride Lima, R. B., Rutishauser, E., da Silva, J. A. A., Guedes, M. C., Herault, B., de Oliveira, C. P., Aparício, P. S., Sotta, E. D., da Silva, D. A. S. and Ferreira, R. L. C., (2021) Accurate Estimation of Commercial Volume in Tropical Forest., Forest Science, 67(1), pp 14–21
[22] Sánchez-García, E.A., López-Rosas, H., Sosa, V.J. et al. (2022). Effect of water level and salinity on the growth of Annona glabra L. seedlings. Wetlands Ecol Manage 30, pp. 579–593
[23] Sri Lanka land reclamation and Development Corporation (2016) Environmental assessment (EA) for the proposal project on madiwela east division schem- part 1: Improvements to Thalangama and Averihena tank.
[24] Subasinghe, S. and Gunarathne W. P. K. (2007). Construction of precise growth model to predict the individual tree stem volume for mature Tectona grandis L.f. (teak). The Sri Lanka Forester, 30 & 31 pp.1-13
[25] Subasinghe, S. and Munasinghe G.B. (2011). Estimation of Above Ground Tree Biomass and Carbon of Pinus caribaea (Morelet). Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment, 4(1) pp.56-70.
[26] Subasinghe, S. M. C. U. P. (2015) Construction of allometric relationships to predict growth parameters, stem biomass and carbon of Eucalyptus grandis growth in Sri Lanka. Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment, Vol. 5, No. 02, 26-39
[27] The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. (2013). Annona glabra. [online] Available at: http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Pond_Apple.pdf [Accessed 12/09/2016].
[28] Thirunadarajah, M. (2006) Construction of a complete yield table for Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell using the height-age relationship.
[29] Vanclay, J. (1994). Modelling forest growth and yield. 1st ed. Wallingford, U.K.: CAB International.
[30] West, P. (2009). Tree and forest measurement. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer.
[31] Weeds of national significance; national strategy. (2001). Pond apple: strategic plan. [online] Available at: https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/56812/IPA-Pond-Apple-Nsplan.pdf [Accessed 6/09/2020].
[32] Xiang, W., Li, L., Ouyang, S. et al. (2021). Effects of stand age on tree biomass partitioning and allometric equations in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations. European Journal of Forest Research,140, 317–332.
[33] Xu, T., Weng, B., Yan, D., Wang, K., Li, X., Bi, W., Li, M., Cheng, X. and Liu, Y. Wetlands of International Importance: Status, Threats, and Future Protection. (2019) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.; 16(10):1818.
[34] Yuan, Z., Gazol, A., Wang, X., Lin, F., Ye, J., Zhang, Z., Suo, Y., Kuang, X., Wang, Y., Jia, S. and Hao, Z. (2016). Pattern and dynamics of biomass stock in old growth forests: The role of habitat and tree size. Acta Oecologica, 75, pp.15-23.
P. G. Dikwaththa, D. T. Jayawardana, and D. Pindeniya, “Model for Tree Volume Estimation, Determination of Root- Shoot Relationship and Biomass Production of Annona glabra ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.06-12 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/06-12.pdf
Download PDF
Physical Development and Challenges of Spontaneous Waterfronts in Port Harcourt Metropolis Nigeria
Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry, Chikagbum Wocha, Neebee Bonny November 2022 – Page No.: 13-17
The development of spontaneous waterfronts has profound and positive effect on its local destination and neighbouring communities, as it brings physical, social and economic advancement. This research evaluates developmental sustainability and encounters of spontaneous waterfronts in Port Harcourt metropolis Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to determine the challenges of spontaneous waterfront communities, analyse and justify developmental stride for spontaneous waterfronts and assess how development of unplanned waterfront improve existing land uses and declines penury. The research method or approach adopted includes in-depth field work, environmental observation, questionnaire administration, interviews, collection and processing of the field data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse all the data obtained for the study and the findings revealed that government, total clearance approach, loss of social justice, land ownership, heritage, /culture, poor environmental and social justice are the development challenges of spontaneous waterfront. The community members observed that 51% and 97% expected physical development of spontaneous waterfront through physical planning approaches as in contradiction to 5% experimented populace who pointed observations and expectant to that influence. Though, the considered implication value of 126. 45 revealed an advanced scientific value greater than the desk value of 3.84. The recommendation moored that government and built environment stakeholders must provide enabling environment to enhance development and sustainability of spontaneous waterfronts.
Page(s): 13-17 Date of Publication: 05 December 2022
Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry
Department of Architecture Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria
Chikagbum Wocha
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria
Neebee Bonny
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria
[1] Andrew, H. (2006) ‘’Narrating the Urban Waterfront: The Role of Public History in Community Revitalization’’ The Public Historian 28 (4): 19–50.
[2] Azlina, B.M.Y., Chris, E., John, M.D. (2015) Waterfront Development For Residential Property In Malaysia, 1-23.
[3] Brian, H. (2002) Urban waterfront revitalization in developing countries: the example of Zanzibar’s Stone Town, Geographical journal 168 (2) 141-162. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4959.00044
[4] Derek, V.(2009) ‘’Urban waterfront rehabilitation: can it contribute to environmental improvements in the developing world’’ Environmental Research Letters,1-8. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024003.
[5] Dimitriou, H. T. (1998)’’ Developing a Transport Strategy to Address Problems of Increased Motorization’’ A Strategy for Medium Sized Cities in Asia and the Pacific Region. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), (1998).
[6] Harry, den H. (2021) ‘’Shanghai’s Regenerated Industrial Waterfronts: Urban Lab for Sustainability Transitions’’ Urban Planning 6,(3),181–196. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4194
[7] Ken P. Y., Leann, A., Nicole, F., Karen, D.,Thomas, L., Jungho, N.(2016)’’ Revitalizing urban waterfronts: identifying indicators for human well-being’’ DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2016.3.456 3(3) 456-473.
[8] Linn, J., F. (1983)’’ Cities in Developing Countries: Policies for their Equitable and Efficient Growth. Oxford’’ World Bank Research Publication, Oxford University Press
[9] Nufar, A., and Na’ama, T., (2019) Urban Waterfronts: Contemporary Streams of Planning Conflicts, 34 (4).https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412219850891
[10] Sarah, E., Marwa, K., and Ahmed, S. A, E. (2021) Biophilic perceptions in the urban waterfront: analytical study of the Nile waterfront in Central Cairo, HBRC Journal, 17(1) 19-39, DOI: 10.1080/16874048.2021.1872052
[11] Sahar, A., Asmaa, A. and Aty, M. I (2017) Accessible and Inclusive Public Space: The Regeneration of Waterfront in Informal Areas’ Urban Research and Practice 11(4), 314-337 https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2017.1340509
[12] Song, L., Si-Qi, L.C., and Liuac, L.J. (2021)’’ What influenced the vitality of the waterfront open space? A case study of Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, Cities Volume 114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103197
[13] Rauno, S., Satu, K(2006) Assessing social impacts in urban waterfront regeneration. Environmental Impact Assessment Review,26 (1) 120-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2005.05.003.
[14] Stella K. (2013) On the Revitalized Waterfront: Creative Milieu for Creative Tourism, Sustainability 5(11), 4578-4593, https://doi.org/10.3390/su5114578.
[15] Ugwu, L.N., Ugwuoke, H.U. and Ubani, P. (2022)’’ Regional Development Potentials of Inland Watercourses Settlement in Nigeria State’’ International Journal for Research Trend and Innovation 7 (8).962-96 IJRTI2208164.
Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry, Chikagbum Wocha, Neebee Bonny, “Physical Development and Challenges of Spontaneous Waterfronts in Port Harcourt Metropolis Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.13-17 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/13-17.pdf
Download PDF
Human Developmental Vices
Joyzy Pius Egunjobi, Ph.D., Dr.AD., M.Ed., M.Th November 2022 – Page No.: 18-23
As human beings develop physically, cognitively, emotionally, morally, technologically, and spiritually, so they develop vices which are moral depravity, moral fault, and/or a habitual trivial shortcoming. These vices such as biting, fornication, lying, gluttony, greed, jealousy, stealing etc. develop at different developmental milestones of a nature-nurture interaction and as early as from infancy from underlying normal behaviors. It is theorized that if the behaviors that may lead to vices are well managed, they may become virtues. However, if one skips these developments in early childhood, it might catch up with one in adulthood where the struggle to overcome the vice may become sterner. This theory of human developmental vices may be important in understanding human negative behaviors and in promoting healthy parenting as well as understanding the individual differences inherent in each child response style as it interplays between nature and nurture. Researchers are challenged to empirically investigate this theory
Page(s): 18-23 Date of Publication: 09 December 2022
Joyzy Pius Egunjobi, Ph.D., Dr.AD., M.Ed., M.Th
Psycho-Spiritual Institute of Lux Terra Leadership Foundation, an Affiliate of the Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Kenya.
[1] Ajlouni, H. K., Daoud, A. S., Ajlouni, S. F., & Ajlouni, K. M. (2010). Infantile and early childhood masturbation: Sex hormones and clinical profile. Annals of Saudi medicine, 30(6), 471–474. https://doi.org/10.4103/0256-4947.72271
[2] American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2017, July). Lying and Children. https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Lying-044.aspx
[3] American Academy of Family Physicians (n.d.). Overeating in Children and Teens. https://familydoctor.org/overeating-in-children-and-teens/
[4] American Psychological Association. (2017, August 3). Age of First Exposure to Pornography Shapes Men’s Attitudes Toward Women. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/08/pornography-exposure
[5] Andrews, R. (n.d.). All About Gluttony: Part 1. https://www.precisionnutrition.com/all-about-gluttony-1
[6] Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall
[7] Bray, I. (2015). Children’s Jealousy, Anger and Envy. https://irembray.com/journal_eng/childrens-jealousy-anger-and-envy/
[8] Bretzke, J. T. (2003). Consecrated Phrases: A Latin Theological Dictionary; Latin Expressions Commonly Found in Theological Writings, Third Edition. Liturgy Press.
[9] Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia. (2022, August 12). seven deadly sins. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/seven-deadly-sins
[10] Browne, J. A. (2013). Can Childhood Animal Cruelty Be Learned?: Examining Age of Onset and Recurrency. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice. https://scholar.utc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1105&context=theses
[11] Castle, J. (2019, October 29). 10 Reasons Your Child Eats Too Much. https://thenourishedchild.com/10-reasons-child-overeating/
[12] Cherry, K. (2022, July 27). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development. https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962
[13] Collins Dictionary. (n.d.). “Cruelty”. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cruelty
[14] DanteInferno. (n.d.). Seven Deadly Sins. http://www.danteinferno.info/7-deadly-sins.html
[15] Egunjobi, J. P. (2022a). Child Sexual Abuse and Child Response Styles. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22085.12006
[16] Egunjobi, J. P. (2022b). Effective Catechesis vis a vis Human Development. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364639899_Effective_Catechesis_vis_a_vis_Human_Development
[17] Egunjobi, J. P. (2021). Child Response Styles to Parenting. http://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51225
[18] Egunjobi, J. P. (2019). You are the Success. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337464190_YOU_ARE_THE_SUCCESS
[19] Erikson, Erik H. (1959). Identity and the life cycle: Selected papers. International Universities Pressr
[20] Evans, A. D. & Lee, K. (2013). Emergence of lying in very young children. Developmental Psychology, 1958-1963. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0031409
[21] Florence Inferno. (2014, September 22). The Seven Deadly Sins. https://www.florenceinferno.com/the-seven-deadly-sins/
[22] Freud, S. (1905). Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. (Trans. James Strachey). Basic Books
[23] Isenberg, A., 1973. ‘Deontology and the Ethics of Lying,’ in Aesthetics and Theory of Criticism: Selected Essays of Arnold Isenberg, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. 245–264.
[24] Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n,d). Lying and Stealing. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/lying-and-stealing
[25] Johnston, J. E. (2011, April 27). The Human Equation Children Who Are Cruel to Animals: When to Worry Childhood animal cruelty can be normal or a red flag. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-human-equation/201104/children-who-are-cruel-animals-when-worry
[26] Kohlberg, L. (1985). Essays On Moral Development. Harper & Row
[27] Lakshmi. (2020, October 6). Everything Parents Should Know About Children Watching Porn. https://www.mobicip.com/blog/everything-parents-should-know-about-children-watching-porn
[28] Larsson, I. & Svedin, C. G. (2002). Sexual Experiences in Childhood: Young Adults’ Recollections. Arch Sex Behav, 31, 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015252903931
[29] Li, P. (2022, September 1). 7 Reasons Why Children Lie and The Best Ways to Deal with It. https://www.parentingforbrain.com/why-do-kids-lie/
[30] Masciuch, S., & Kienapple, K. (1993). The Emergence of Jealousy in Children 4 Months to 7Years of Age. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10(3), 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407593103008
[31] McEwen, F. S., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2014). Is childhood cruelty to animals a marker for physical maltreatment in a prospective cohort study of children? Child abuse & neglect, 38(3), 533–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.016
[32] Merriam-Webster. (n.d.a). Vice. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vice
[33] Merriam-Webster. (n.d.b). Envy. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/envy
[34] Merriam-Webster. (n.d.c.). Fornication. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fornication
[35] Miller, P. H. (2011). Piaget’s theory: Past, present, and future.
[36] Morin, A. (2022, May 12). What to Do If Your Child Steals. https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-to-do-when-your-child-steals-1095005
[37] National Center on the Sexual Behavior of Youth. (n.d.). Better lives, through better choices. https://www.ncsby.org/content/normative-sexual-behavior#:~:text=School%20children%20and%20young%20adolescents,months%20to%20one%20year%20later.
[38] Okholm, D. (2000, September 11). “Rx for Gluttony”. Christianity Today, Vol. 44, No. 10, p.62
[39] Okwu, O. J. (2006). A Critique of Students’ Vices and the Effect on Quality of Graduates of Nigerian Tertiary Institutions. Journal of Social Sciences, 12:3, 193-198. http://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2006.11978391
[40] Parents Editors. (2022, May 17). Age-by-Age Guide to Lying. https://www.parents.com/kids/development/behavioral/age-by-age-guide-to-lying/
[41] Piaget, J. (1936). Origins of intelligence in the child. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
[42] Silovsky, J. F., & Swisher, L. M. (2008). CHAPTER 25 – Sexuality. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics. Mark L. Wolraich, Dennis D. Drotar, Paul H. Dworkin, and Ellen C. Perrin, (Editors) Pages 805-870. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-04025-9.50028-3.
[43] Sravanti L. (2017). Nurture the nature. Indian journal of psychiatry, 59(3), 385. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_341_17
[44] McKee, A. (2020, November 16). Yes, your child will be exposed to online porn. But don’t panic — here’s what to do instead. https://theconversation.com/yes-your-child-will-be-exposed-to-online-porn-but-dont-panic-heres-what-to-do-instead 149900#:~:text=According%20to%20some%20sources%2C%20the,on%20porn%20and%20their%20kids.
[45] Unal, F. (2000). Predisposing factors in childhood masturbation in Turkey. Eur J Pediatr. 2000;159:338–42
[46] Watson, S. (2020, October 8). How to Stop Your Child from Biting. https://www.webmd.com/parenting/stop-children-from-biting#:~:text=Biting%20is%20a%20normal%20part,something%20you%20want%20to%20discourage.
[47] Wauthier, L. M. & Williams, J. M. (2022). Understanding and Conceptualizing Childhood Animal Harm: A Meta-Narrative Systematic Review, Anthrozoös, 35:2, 165-202, http://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2021.1986262
[48] Wipfler, P. (2013, July 3). What to do When Toddlers Bite. https://www.handinhandparenting.org/2013/07/what-to-do-when-toddlers-bite/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20main%20reasons,outlets%20like%20crying%20and%20tantrums.
Joyzy Pius Egunjobi, Ph.D., Dr.AD., M.Ed., M.Th, “Human Developmental Vices ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.18-23 November 2022 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2022.91101
Download PDF
Curriculum Deficiency Syndrome: An Impediment to Holistic Basic Science Education in The Western Region of Ghana
James Hinson, Habib Bipembi, Collins Oppong Arthur November 2022 – Page No.: 24-33
This study examines basic science teachers’ classroom professional practices and how it influences learners’ understanding of basic scientific concepts. The study also examines factors that militate against effective science professional teacher practices in handling the new standard based curriculum in science as well as factors which aggravate Curriculum Deficiency Syndrome (CDS) and what basic science teachers can do to improve the situation. The study employed the descriptive survey design using stratified random sampling in selecting two strata consisting 12 Junior High school teachers(K-12) and 60 upper primary science teachers (K-9) drawn from three districts in the western regions of Ghana. A questionnaire and an interview guide were the main instruments used in collecting data for the study. To ensure validity and reliability of the instruments employed in this study, the instruments were pilot tested at Zion cluster of schools in Takoradi. Experts from the Science Education Department of Holy Child College of Education proof read the items. Some of the items were reframed while a number of items measuring the same constructs were properly aligned. Items whose specificity could not be properly aligned with the constructs being measured were deleted. Analysis of data revealed that classroom professional practices of basic school science teachers fall short of the curricula expectations. Teachers could not plan remedial instructions for learners with CDS. This is because the 3-day crush national training held prior to the implementation of the new curriculum could not equip basic science teachers with the skills expected in teaching the new curriculum. Time constraints, large class size, inadequate in-service training and lack of flexibility on the daily schedules in the basic schools prevented science teachers from making the desired impact during instructions. Teachers resorted to teaching basic science concepts in abstract due to unavailability of science resources. The study recommends basic science teachers develop a plan to assist learners experiencing curriculum deficiency syndrome to overcome their challenges in the teaching and learning of basic science. The study also recommends action research, in-service training, exposure to current innovative pedagogies (flipped class teaching, concept mapping, and augmented multimedia) and access to science resources to enable basic science teachers help reverse this trend
Page(s): 24-33 Date of Publication: 13 December 2022
James Hinson
Department of science education, Holy Child College of Education, Ghana
Habib Bipembi
Department of mathematics and ICT education, Holy Child College of Education, Ghana
Collins Oppong Arthur
Department of science education, holy Child College of education, Ghana
[1] Aboagye, E., & Yawson, J. A. (2020). Teachers’ Perception of the New Educational Curriculum in Ghana. African, Educational Research Journal, 8(1), 6-12.
[2] Abungu, H. E., Okere, M. I., & Wachanga, S. W. (2014). The effect of science process skills teaching approach on secondary school students’ achievement in chemistry in Nyando District, Kenya. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 4(6), 359-359.
[3] Acharya, K. P. (2018). Hands-on, minds-on and hearts-on activities in high school science teaching: A comparison between public and private schools in Nepal. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 8(2), 51-57.
[4] Alemu, S. K. (2018). The Meaning, Idea and History of University/Higher Education in Africa: A Brief Literature Review. In FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education (Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 210-227).
[5] Alenezi, M. R., Alshammari, A. S., Jayawardena, K. I., Beliatis, M. J., Henley, S. J., & Silva, S. R. P. (2013). Role of the exposed polar facets in the performance of thermally and UV activated ZnO nanostructured gas sensors. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117(34), 17850-17858.
[6] Ampofo, J. A. (2020). The effects of using teaching resource materials on the academic performance of students in integrated science at adansi atobiase d/a junior high school.
[7] Anamuah-Mensah, J., Ananga, E. D., Wesbrook, J., & Kankam, G. (2017). National Teachers’ Standards for Ghana-Guidelines. Ghana Ministry of Education.
[8] Anderman, E. M., Sinatra, G. M., & Gray, D. L. (2012). The challenges of teaching and learning about science in the twenty-first century: Exploring the abilities and constraints of adolescent learners. Studies in Science education, 48(1), 89-117.
[9] Asare, K. B., & Nti, S. K. (2014). Teacher education in Ghana: A contemporary synopsis and matters arising. Sage open, 4(2), 2158244014529781.
[10] Azure, J. A. (2015). Senior High School students’ views on the teaching of Integrated Science in Ghana. Journal of Science Education and Research, 1(2), 49-61.
[11] Blignaut, R. J., Jacobs, J., & Vergnani, T. (2015). Trends in HIV risk behaviour of incoming first-year students at a South African university: 2007-2012. SAHARA: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance, 12(1), 39-50.
[12] Bonney, E. A., Micah, S. N., & Hinson, J. (2018). Teacher Trainees Perception Towards On-Campus Teaching Practice at The Holy Child College Of Education, Takoradi, Ghana. European Journal of Education Studies.
[13] Brion, C., & Cordeiro, P. A. (2019). Lessons learned from observing teaching practices: The case of Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, 10(12).
[14] Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (Sixth). Oxon: Routledge.
[15] Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2015). Mapping Decisions and Arguments. Inquiry: Critical Thinking across the Disciplines, 30(2), 17-53.
[16] Haney, J. J., & McArthur, J. (2002). Four case studies of prospective science teachers’ beliefs concerning constructivist teaching practices. Science Education, 86(6), 783-802.
[17] Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers: Maximizing impact on learning. Routledge.
[18] Hoy, A. W., & Weinstein, C. S. (2013). Student and teacher perspectives on classroom management. In Handbook of classroom management (pp. 191-230). Routledge.
[19] Jack, B. M., & Lin, H. S. (2018). Warning! Increases in interest without enjoyment may not be trend predictive of genuine interest in learning science. International Journal of Educational Development, 62, 136-147.
[20] Jack, G. V. (2018). Chemistry students’ science process skills acquisition: Influence of gender and class size. Global Research in Higher Education, 1(1), 80-97.
[21] Mereku, D. K. (2019). Sixty years of teacher education in Ghana: Successes, challenges and the way forward. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 15(2), 69-74.
[22] Miyoba, R., & Banja, K. M. (2018). Teachers’ perceptions regarding the role of practical work in teaching integrated science at junior secondary school level in Zambia. UNESWA Journal of Education, 1(2), 180-197.
[23] Mizzi, D. (2013). The Challenges Faced by Science Teachers When Teaching Outside Their Specific Science Specialism. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 6(4), 1-6.
[24] Mupa, P., & Chinooneka, T. (2019). Factors contributing to ineffective teaching and learning in primary schools: Why are schools in decadence.
[25] Mwangu, E. C., & Sibanda, L. (2017). Teaching biology practical lessons in secondary schools: A case study of five Mzilikazi District secondary schools in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 6(3), 47.
[26] Neagley, R. L., & Evans, N. D. (1967). Handbook for Effective Curriculum Development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey1 prentice-Hall.
[27] Nkechi, N. A. (2012). Assessment of resources and the level of entrepreneurial skills acquired by secondary school physics students in Anambra State. Awka: Nnamdi Azikiwe
[28] Okeke, S. O., & Okoye, N. E. (2013). Effective resource utilization: A better approach to teaching and learning of Physics. Academic Journal of interdisciplinary studies, 2(6), 35-35.
[29] Okori, O. A., & Omenka J., (2017). Improvisation and utilization of resources in the teaching and learning of science and mathematics in secondary schools in Cross River state. Global Journal of Educational Research, 16(1), 21-28.
[30] Olagunju, A. M., & Abiona, O. F. (2008). Production and utilization of resources in biology education. A Case Study of South West Nigerian Secondary Schools Department of Teacher Education University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Department of Teacher Education University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
[31] Opara, P, N. & Etukudo, D, U. (2014). Factors Affecting Teaching and Learning of Basic Science and Technology in Primary Schools. Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research Vol.1, N0.1, September 2014. Pp. 46-58
[32] Osamwonyi, E. F. (2016). In-Service Education of Teachers: Overview, Problems and the Way Forward. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(26), 83-87.
[33] Parker, J., Osei-Himah, V., Asare, I., & Ackah, J. K. (2018). Challenges faced by teachers’ in teaching integrated science in Junior High Schools in Aowin Municipality-Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, 9(12), 65-68.
[34] Roberts, C. (2012). Information structure: Towards an integrated formal theory of pragmatics. Semantics and pragmatics, 5, 6-1.
[35] Yambi, T. (2018). Assessment and evaluation in education. University Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
[36] Omorogbe, E., & Ewansiha, J. C. (2013). The challenge of effective science teaching in Nigerian secondary schools. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(7), 181.
James Hinson, Habib Bipembi, Collins Oppong Arthur, “Curriculum Deficiency Syndrome: An Impediment to Holistic Basic Science Education in The Western Region of Ghana ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.24-33 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/24-33.pdf
Download PDF
The Economic, Environmental and Safety impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and the coping strategies for the petroleum industry
Franklin Okoro, Nwamaka Linda Okoli, Mary Frank-Okoro, Ambrose Onne Okpu, Cynthia Ehialeta November 2022 – Page No.: 34-39
This study assessed the economic, environmental and safety impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and coping strategies for the petroleum industry using the descriptive survey design approach. Eighty (80) oil companies that operate in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, constituted the population of the study. Random sampling method was applied in choosing the sample for assessment and in getting the respondents to answer the questionnaire. The random sample size was derived utilizing Yamane Taro’s statistical technique to arrive at a sample size of 70. The study made use of questionnaires of both structured and semi-structured nature. Data from the answered questionnaires were analyzed both qualitatively using percentages. From the findings, the environmental impacts identified were both negative and positive. The result revealed that the safety impacts of COVID-19 pandemic across selected petroleum companies in Port Harcourt are in two (2) folds (positive and negative). The positive impacts included: improved air quality, reduction in water pollution, drop in Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, reduction in noise pollutions. Whereas the negative impacts identified were clogging in water ways, increased land filling and environmental pollutants worldwide. The Positive Safety Impacts are increased level of awareness of threat to health globally and increased level of safety measures practiced. The Negative Safety Impacts include increased risk of getting infections and increased risk of disease transmission from one person to another. From the results, the economic impact felt was a reduction in the barrel price of oil. Finally, the result revealed that some of the possible coping strategies are Rigid travel policies permitting essential duties workers only should be formulated and implemented for the short period of time and reduction of working days for offshore staff.
Page(s): 34-39 Date of Publication: 13 December 2022
Franklin Okoro
Clean Script Group, Nigeria
Nwamaka Linda Okoli
Mary Frank-Okoro
Ambrose Onne Okpu
Cynthia Ehialeta
[1] Adams, M.D. (2020). Air pollution in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 state of emergency. Sci. Total Environ. 742, 140516.
[2] Berman, J.D., & Edisu, K. (2020). Changes in U.S. air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci. Total Environ. 739, 139864.
[3] Caine, P. (2020). Environmental impact of COVID-19 lockdowns seen from space. Sci. Nat. 2 April 2020 https://news.wttw.com/2020/04/02/environmental-impact-covid-19-llockdowns-seen-space. (Accessed 12 December 2021).
[4] Chakraborty, I., Maity, P. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention. Sci. Total Environ. 728, 138882.
[5] Cooper, R. (2020). Water Security beyond Covid-19. K4D Helpdesk Report 803. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/15240.
[6] Creswell, J.W. (2005). Research Design: A qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. London: Sage Publication Inc.
[7] EEA. (2020). Air pollution goes down as Europe takes hard measures to combat Coronavirus. European Environmental Agency (EEA), Copenhagen. https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/air-pollution-goes-down-as. (Accessed 14 December 2021).
[8] Ellabban, O., Abu-Rub, H., Blaabjerg, F. (2014). Renewable energy resources: current status, future prospects and their enabling technology. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 39, 748–764.
[9] Fadare, O.O., & Okoffo, E.D. (2020). Covid-19 face masks: a potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment. Sci. Total Environ. 737, 140279.
[10] Henriques, M. (2020). Will Covid-19 have a lasting impact on the environment? BBC news, 27 March 2020. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200326-covid-19-the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-the-environment. (Accessed 12 December 2021).
[11] Hue, D.S., Azhar, E., Madani, T.A., Ntoumi, F., Kock, R., Dar, O. (2020). The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health-The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 91, 264–266.
[12] India Environment Portal (IEP). (2020). Impact of lockdown (25th March to 15th April) on air quality. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/467415/impact-oflockdown- 25th-march-to-15th-april-on-air-quality/. (Accessed 4 August 2021).
[13] Jribi, S., Ismail, H.B., Doggui, D., & Debbabi, H. (2020). COVID-19 virus outbreak lockdown: what impacts on household food wastage? Environ. Dev. Sustain.
[14] Kothari, C.K. (2004): Research Methodology, Methods & Techniques, New Age International, New Delhi.
[15] Ma, Y., Lin, X., Wu, A., Huang, Q., Li, X., Yan, J. (2020). Suggested guidelines for emergency treatment of medical waste during COVID-19: Chinese experience. Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy 2, 81–84.
[16] Maijama’a, R., Musa, K. S., Garba, A., and Baba, U. M. (2020). Corona virus outbreak and the global energy demand: A case of People’s Republic of China. American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics, 5(1):10-13.
[17] Nakada, L.Y.K., Urban, R.C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in S~ao Paulo state. Brazil. Sci. Tot. Environ. 730, 139087.
[18] Nghiem, L.D., Morgan, B., Donner, E., Short, M.D. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for the waste and wastewater services sector. Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng. 1, 100006.
[19] Orodho, J.A. (2003). Essentials of education and social sciences research methods. Nairobi: Pauline’s Publications Africa.
[20] Orodho, J.A. (2012). Techniques of writing research proposals and reports in education and social sciences. Maseno/Nairobi: Kanezja HP Enterprises.
[21] Orodho, J.A., & Kombo, D.K. (2002). Research methods. Kenyatta University, institute of open learning.
[22] Saadat, S., Rawtani, D., Mustansar, C. (2020). Hussain environmental perspective of COVID-19. Sci. Total Environ. 728, 138870.
[23] Sajed, A.N., Amgain, K. (2020). Corona virus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and the strategy for prevention. Europasian J. Med. Sci. 2 (1), 1–3.
[24] Singh, N., Tang, Y., Ogunseitan, O.A. (2020). Environmentally sustainable management of used personal protective equipment. Environ. Sci. Technol.
[25] Somani, M., Srivastava, A.N., Gummadivalli, S.K., Sharma, A. (2020). Indirect implications of COVID-19 towards sustainable environment: an investigation in Indian context. Biores. Technol. Rep. 11, 100491.
[26] Thiessen, T. (2020). How clean air cities could outlast COVID-19 lockdowns. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tamarathiessen/2020/04/10/how-clean-air-cities-could-outlast-covid-19-lockdowns/#292a5e866bb5. (Accessed 13 December 2021).
[27] Tripathi, R. (2020). India 21-day lockdown: what is exempted, what is not. https://econ omictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-21-day-lockdown-what-is-exempted-what-is-not/articleshow/74798725.cms. (Accessed 13 December 2021).
[28] WHO (2020). World health organization. World Health Organization, press conference on novel corona virus outbreak.
[29] Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Edition, New York: Harper and Row.
[30] Zambrano-Monserrate, M.A., Ruanob, M.A., Sanchez-Alcalde, L. (2020). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Sci. Total Environ. 728, 138813.
Franklin Okoro, Nwamaka Linda Okoli, Mary Frank-Okoro, Ambrose Onne Okpu, Cynthia Ehialeta , “The Economic, Environmental and Safety impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and the coping strategies for the petroleum industry ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.34-39 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/34-39.pdf
Download PDF
Effectiveness of Credit Appraisal on management Non-Performing Loans in Kenyan Commercial Banks
Eunice Macrean Atieno, Caroline Ayuma, Christine Ngari November 2022 – Page No.: 40-45
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of credit appraisal on management of Non-Performing Loans in Kenyan Commercial Banks. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of borrower’s income, credit rating, credit history and collateral issued on the management of non-performing loans recorded in corporate, business and personal sections of Kenyan Commercial Banks. The study was guided by the Theory of Information Asymmetry and Credit Scorecard Theories. An explanatory research design was adopted, using simple random and stratified sampling techniques in the collection of data. Data was collected from a sample size of 222 credit officers working in 41 commercial Banks in Kenya by use of self-administered questionnaires. Cronbach alpha and factor analysis were applied to test the reliability and validity of the research instruments respectively. A multiple regression model using SPSS (version 23) was used to analyze the obtained data and test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that credit appraisal (ꞵ= .302) had a positive and significant effect on the management of Non-performing Loans. Based on the new findings, the management of commercial banks and policymakers should develop effective credit appraisal strategies, policies and techniques that make borrowing affordable hence attracting credit-worthy borrowers to the banks.
Page(s): 40-45 Date of Publication: 13 December 2022
Eunice Macrean Atieno
Business Management Department, School of Business and Management Science, University of Eldoret, Kenya
Caroline Ayuma
Business Management Department, School of Business and Management Science, University of Eldoret, Kenya
Christine Ngari
Business Management Department, School of Business and Management Science, University of Eldoret, Kenya
[1] Adusei, C. (2018). Determinants of non-performing loans in the banking sector of Ghana between 1998 and 2013. Asian Development Policy Review, 6(3), 142-154.
[2] Agovino, M., Bartoletto, S., & Garofalo, A. (2022). A long-term analysis of efficiency in the Italian banking system from 1861 to 2010. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 61, 227-241.
[3] Agu, O. C., & Okoli, C. B. (2013). Credit management and bad debt in Nigeria commercial banks–Implication for development.
[4] Ahmed, S., Majeed, M. E., Thalassinos, E., & Thalassinos, Y. (2021). The impact of bank specific and macro-economic factors on non-performing loans in the banking sector: evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(5), 217.
[5] Akinboade, O. A., & Makina, D. (2010). Econometric analysis of bank lending and business cycles in South Africa. Applied Economics, 42(29), 3803-3811.
[6] Amery, A. (2018). A Brief History of Loans: Business Lending Through the Ages. Prieiga per internetą: http://www. lending-express. com/blog/a-brief-history-of-loans-businesslending-through-the-ages.
[7] Avetisyan, S. (2018). EU geography of non-performing loans (NPL).
[8] Bonin, H., & Valério, N. (2016). Colonial and imperial banking history: Routledge London and New York.
[9] De Sá, N. G., Valem, L. P., & Pedronette, D. C. G. (2021). A Multi-level Rank Correlation Measure for Image Retrieval. Paper presented at the VISIGRAPP (5: VISAPP).
[10] DiGabriele, J. A. (2011). Evidentiary Reliability, Valuation Standards, and Rules of Thumb. Valuation Standards, and Rules of Thumb (April 26, 2011).
[11] Dudhe, C. (2017). Role Of Indian Commercial Banks In Economy Development. Paper presented at the International Conference Current Economic Trends in Emerging and Developing Countries Timisoara.
[12] Frost, J. (2020). Hypothesis testing: An intuitive guide for making data driven decisions: Statistics by Jim Publishing.
[13] Gabriel, S., & Ronald, B. (2017). The moderating effect of loyalty cards on the relationship between store awareness, store perceived quality and store brand choice A survey on selected supermarkets in Eldoret Town, Kenya.
[14] Githama, J. N., & Gachanja, P. (2020). Effects of Credit Appraisal Methods on Non-Performing Loans in Government Owned Financial Institutions, A Case of Kenya Commercial Bank Limited. International Journal of Current Aspects, 4(2), 1-12.
[15] Gogtay, N., Deshpande, S., & Thatte, U. (2017). Principles of regression analysis. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 65(48), 48-52.
[16] Hinderer III, E. W., Flight, R. M., Dubey, R., MacLeod, J. N., & Moseley, H. N. (2019). Advances in gene ontology utilization improve statistical power of annotation enrichment. PloS one, 14(8), e0220728.
[17] Inganga, B. W., Njeru, A., Ombui, K., & Ondabu, I. (2014). Factors affecting customer demand of financial services offered by commercial banks in Nairobi county. Int. J. Sci. Res. Pub, 4(11), 1-25.
[18] Minton, B. A., Taillard, J. P., & Williamson, R. (2014). Financial expertise of the board, risk taking, and performance: Evidence from bank holding companies. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49(2), 351-380.
[19] Muiruri, E. K. (2015). Assessment of individual credit appraisal on amount of loan approved to borrowers.(a case of microfinance institutions in Thika, Kiambu county). Mount Kenya University.
[20] Muskwe, V. (2017). Effectiveness of credit risk management on bank performance in Zimbabwe. A Case of ZB bank. BUSE.
[21] Ndero, S. W., Wepukhulu, J. M., & Bogonko, J. B. (2019). Relationship between credit appraisal and loan performance by commercial banks in uasin gishu county, kenya. European Journal of Economic and Financial Research.
[22] Nguyen, T. N., Vu, N. H., & Le, H. T. (2017). Impacts of monetary policy on commercial banks’ profits: The case of Vietnam. Asian Social Science, 13(8), 32-40.
[23] Nithin Kumar, H., & Patel, S. (2019). A Study on Credit Appraisal Process and Analysis at Kaveri Grameena Bank, Bangalore.
[24] Njeru, M., Mohhamed, S., & Wachira, M. A. (2017). Effectiveness of credit management system on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2(1), 106-122.
[25] Ombaba, K. B. M. (2013). Assessing the Factors Contributing to Non–Performance Loans in Kenyan Banks.
[26] Owino, M. O. (2013). The effect of the lending policies on the levels of non-performing loans (NPLS) of commercial banks in Kenya. University of Nairobi.
[27] Pastory, D. (2020). The determinants of non-performing loans in commercial banks. Paper presented at the Applied Research Conference in Africa.
[28] Purohit, S., & Kulkarni, A. (2011). Credit evaluation model of loan proposals for Indian Banks. Paper presented at the 2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies.
[29] Saada, M. B. (2017). The impact of control quality on the non-performing loans of Tunisian listed banks. Managerial Auditing Journal.
[30] Simiyu, G., Komen, J., & Bonuke, R. (2019). Social Media, External Prestige and Students’ Attitude towards Postgraduate Enrollment: A Conditional Process Analysis across Levels of University Reputation. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(5), 1-19.
[31] Sohilauw, M. I., Ali, M., & Nohong, M. (2019). Moderating Effect of Capital Outflow Monitoring Management (COMM) on Credit Risk and Loan Performance. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Accounting, Management and Economics 2018 (ICAME 2018).
[32] Waweru, N., & Kalani, V. M. (2008). Commercial banking crises in Kenya: Causes and remedies. Global Journal of Finance and Banking Issues, 3(3).
[33] Weissova, I., Kollar, B., & Siekelova, A. (2015). Rating as a useful tool for credit risk measurement. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 278-285.
[34] Yamane, T. (1967). Sample size calculation. Statistics: An Introductory Analysis.
Eunice Macrean Atieno, Caroline Ayuma, Christine Ngari, “Effectiveness of Credit Appraisal on management Non-Performing Loans in Kenyan Commercial Banks ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.40-45 November 2022 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2022.91102
Download PDF
Influence of Internet Advertising Features on Online Shopping Habits Among Undergraduate Students in South-East Nigerian Universities
Ifesinachi Anyaegbunam Ayogu, Joseph Oluchukwu Wogu November 2022 – Page No.: 46-64
This study investigated the influence of internet advertising features on online shopping habits among undergraduate students in South-East Nigerian Universities. Internet advertisers are at risk of missing marketing opportunities by relying on insufficient knowledge about advertising features that work. Thus, a comprehensive knowledge of internet advertising features will be beneficial to internet advertisers and online retail stores, hence the need for this study. The major objective of this study was to investigate internet advertising features that influence online shopping habits. Uses and Gratification and Technological Determinism theories were used to explain the study. The survey research design was employed with the questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. The population of the study was registered university undergraduate students in South East Nigerian Universities for the 2017/2018 academic year. A sample size of 500 was selected. Findings from the study revealed that 97 percent of the respondents strongly agreed that internet advertising features of sales promotion “price discount, premiums, discount offers, bonus pack, shop now, apply now and limited offer” motivate them to shop online. Further findings from the study revealed that 58 percent of the respondents strongly agreed that internet advertising features of auto playing video ads with sound was a challenge associated with internet advertising. Other findings from the study revealed that 64.6 percent of the respondents accepted that they derived gratification from internet advertising features of information and entertainment. From the findings of the study, it is recommended that online retail stores and internet advertiser should provide information about prices of products or service being advertised on the internet. Sales promotion are effective internet advertising features and should be incorporated by internet advertisers in their ad campaign.
Page(s): 46-64 Date of Publication: 24 December 2022
Ifesinachi Anyaegbunam Ayogu
Department of Mass Communication, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
Caroline Ayuma
Department of Mass Communication, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
[1] Adelabu, O. (2015). Social media, advertising messages and the youth: Any influence? Retrieved July 19, 2018 from: http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/NMMC/article/download/24 012/ 24582
[2] Adeyeye, M. (2008). E-Commerce, business methods and evaluation of payment methods in Nigeria. Electronic Journal Information Systems Evaluation. 11(1), 1-6. Retrieved July 6, 2018, from http://www.ejise.com/volume-11/volume11-issue1/Adeyeye.pdf
[3] Adomi, E. E., Okiy, R. B., & Ruteyan, J. O. (2003). Survey of cybercafés in Delta State, Nigeria. The Electronic Library. 21(5), 487-495.
[4] Ajayi, A., Aderounmu, A., & Soriyan, H. A. (2008). Improving the response time of online buyers in Nigeria: The way forward. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 13(1), 1-10.
[5] Akintola, K. G., Akinyede, R. O. & Agbonifo, C. O. (2016). Appraising Nigeria readiness for ecommerce towards: Achieving vision 2020. International journal of research and reviews in applied sciences. Retrieved July 18, 2018, from www.arpapress.com/Volumes/ Vo l9Issue2/IJRRAS_9_2_18.pdf
[6] Aliede, J. E. (2002). Professionalising advertising in Nigeria: The role of the advertising practitioner’s council of Nigeria. In C.S Okunna (Ed.), Teaching mass communication: a multi–dimensional approach (pp. 99-108). Enugu: New Generation.
[7] Aminu, S. A. (2011). The relevance of e-marketing in achieving competitive advantage in the Nigerian banking sector. Lagos Journal of Entrepreneurship & Technology, 1(5), 125- 136.
[8] Arens, W., Weigold, M. & Arens, C. (2011). Contemporary advertising. Boston: McGraw Hill.
[9] Asemah, E. S., Gujbawu, M., Ekhareafo, D. O., & Okpanachi, R. A. (2012). Research methods and procedures in mass communication. Jos: Great Future
[10] Asemah. E. S., Nwammuo, A. N., & Nkwam-uwaoma, A. O. A. (2017). Theories and models of communication. Jos: Jos University Press.
[11] Ayo, C. K. (2006). The prospects of e-commerce implementation in Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. 11(3), 1-8.
[12] Ayo, C. K., Adewoye, J. O., & Oni, A. A. (2011). Business-to-consumer e-commerce in Nigeria: prospects and challenges. African Journal of Business Management 5 (13), 109-5117.
[13] Baran, S. J (2009). Introduction to mass communication, media literacy and culture. New York: The McGraw-Hills Companies.
[14] Barsauskas, P., Sarapovas, T., & Cvilikas, A. (2008). The evaluation of e-commerce impact on business efficiency. Baltic Journal of Management, 3(1), 71-91.
[15] Boris, P. (2014). Internet privacy in the context of online advertising. A comparative analysis of the US and EU approaches (Masters thesis). Central European University.
[16] Brehm, S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control. NY: Academic Press.
[17] Cho, C.-H., & Cheon, H. J. (2004). Why do people avoid advertising on the internet? Journal of Advertising, 33(4), 89–97.
[18] Cho, J., DeZúñiga, H. G., Rojas, H., & Shah, D. V. (2003). Beyond access: the digital divide and Internet uses and gratifications. Journal of IT & Society 1(4):46-72.
[19] Chukwubuikem, M., Nyekwere, E, O., & Chukwuemeka, C. (2017). An Evaluation of Unizik Undergraduate Students’ Awareness, Perception and Practice of Online Shopping in Nigeria. Research Journal of Mass Communication and Information Technology, 3(2). Retrieved 16 of September 2018 from www.iiardpub.org IIARD – International Institute of Academic Research and Development
[20] Cong L. & Robert, M. (2005). Different forced-exposure levels of internet advertising: An experimental study on pop up ads and interstitials. American academy of advertising, Conference Proceedings, 200 – 208.
[21] Cranor, L. F. (1999). Internet privacy. Journal of communications of the ACM. P. 4(2), 29–31.
[22] Drèze, X., François, X. H. (2003). Internet advertising: Is anybody watching? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(4), 8-23.
[23] Edwards, S. M., Li, H., & Lee, J. H. (2002). Forced exposure and psychological reactance: Antecedents and consequences of the perceived intrusiveness of pop-up ads. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 83–95.
[24] Esiri, J. M., Kolade, A., Oloyede, D. B., & Ogungbamigbe, K. O. (2014). Determinants of media selection among advertising Practitioners in Nigeria. Singaporean Journal of Business Economics, And Management Studies, 2(6), 126-139.
[25] Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2007). Fair information practice principles. Retrieved June 20, 2018, from http://www.ftc.gov/reports/privacy3/fairinfo.shtm
[26] Folorunso, O., Awe, O., Gabriel S. K., Jeff, Z. (2006). Factors affecting the adoption of e-commerce: A study in Nigeria University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria and Ball State University, USA. Journal of Applied Sciences. 6(10):2224-2230.
[27] Gabriel J. M. O., Ogbuigwe, T. D. & Ahiauzu, L. U. (2016). Online shopping systems in Nigeria: evolution, trend and prospects. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 1(4), 1-7., Article no.ARJASS.29170
[28] Graham-Smith, D. (2017, May 13). How to escape the online spies. The Guardian. Retrieved June 20, 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/13/ how-to-get-privacy-digital-life-data-monitoring-gathering-amazon-facebook-google
[29] IAB Display Advertising Guidelines. (2012). Interactive Advertising Bureau. Retrieved July 20, 2018 from http://www.iab.net/guidelines/508676/508767/displayguidelines
[30] Internet Advertising Bureau. (2012). IAB internet advertising revenue report: 2012 full year results. PricewaterhouseCoopers. Retrieved July 15 from http://www.iab.net/media /file/IABInternet_Advertising_Revenue_Report_FY_2012_rev.pdf
[31] Internet Advertising Bureau. (2017). IAB internet advertising revenue report: 2016 full year results (PDF). PricewaterhouseCoopers, Internet Advertising Bureau.
[32] Internet Crime Complaint Center. (2009). Internet crime report. Retrieved June 14, 2018, from http://internetcrime.com
[33] Internet users in Nigeria hit 91.6m (2017, June 26), Vanguard Newspaper. Retrieved from https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/internet-users-nigeria-hit-91-6m/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20data%20released,91%2C565%2C010%20users%20in%20May%202017.
[34] Jiang, H. & Ma, J. (2018). Effects of internet sales promotion on a differential advertising model. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 1, Article ID 8618146, pp. 11 https://doi.org /10.1155/2018/8618146 Retrieved from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ddns/2018/ 8618146 / on 17 November 2018.
[35] Kalia, G., & Mishra, A. (2016). Effects of online advertising on consumers. Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS). 21 (9), 2279-0837. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2109013541.
[36] Katz, E., Haas, H., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). On the use of the media for important things. American Sociological Review 38(2), 164-181.
[37] Kimelfeld, Y. M., & Watt, J. H. (2001). The pragmatic value of online transactional advertising: a predictor of purchase intention. Journal of Marketing Communications, 7(3): 137-157.
[38] Komando, K. (2017, October 9) . Kim Komando: How to stop ads from following you online. South Bend Tribune. Post. https://www.southbendtribune.com/story/business/2017/10/09/kim-komando-how-to-stop-ads-from-following-you-online/46482931/
[39] Kotler, P., (2004). Marketing management, 11th International edition– Prentice-Hall, (pp 706).
[40] Koyuncu, C. and Lien, D., (2003), E-commerce and consumer’s purchasing behaviour. Journal of Applied Economics. 3(5): 721-726.
[41] Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2009). Essentials of Management information Systems, Eighth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pear son Education.
[42] Lee, J. & Briley, D. A. (2014). Repeat exposure effects of internet advertising. HEC School of Management, Paris and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
[43] Li, C., & Meeds, R. (2007). Factors affecting information processing of Internet advertisements: A test on exposure condition, psychological reactance, and advertising frequency. American Academy of Advertising Conference Proceedings, 93–101.
[44] Li, H., Edwards, S.M. & Lee, J. H. (2002). Measuring the intrusiveness of advertisements: Scale development and validation. Journal of Advertising, 31(2), 37–47.
[45] Lim, Y. M., Yap, C. S., & Lau, T. C. (2011). The effectiveness of online advertising in purchase decision: liking, recall and click. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9), 1517-1524.
[46] Luk S., W. Chan, & Li, E. (2002). The content of internet advertisements and its impact on awareness and selling performance. Journal of marketing management, 18(7/8), 693- 720.
[47] Mathew, J., Ogedebe, P. M., & Ogedebe, S. M. (2013). Influence of web advertising on consumer behaviour in Maiduguri metropolis, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities 2(2).
[48] Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.
[49] McCoy, S., Everard, A., Polak, P., & Galletta, D. F. (2008). An experimental study of antecedents and consequences of online ad intrusiveness. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 24(7), 672–699.
[50] Mohammed, B. A., & Alkubise, M. (2012). How do online advertisements affect consumer purchasing Intention: Empirical evidence from a developing country. European Journal of Business and Management, 4 (7), 2222-2839.
[51] Monsuwe T. P, Dellaert, B., & Ruyter, K. (2004). What drives consumers to shop online. A literature review. International Journal of Service Industry Management. 15(1), 102-121.
[52] Morimoto, M., & Macias, W. (2009) A conceptual framework for unsolicited commercial e-mail: perceived intrusiveness and privacy concerns. Journal of Internet Commerce, 8:3-4, 137-160, DOI: 10.1080/15332860903467342
[53] Morimoto, M., & Chang, S. (2006). Consumers’ attitudes toward unsolicited commercial e-mail and postal direct mail marketing methods: intrusiveness, perceived loss of control, and irritation. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 7(1), 1–11.
[54] Muridzo, S. (2014). Advertising redefined by new media: a case study of Vodacom South Africa. A master thesis submitted to the school of Languages and Communication, Faculty of Humanities, University of Limpopo.
[55] NCC. (2017). Nigeria’s internet users rise to 91.6m. Retrieved June 9, 2018, from https://www.ncc.gov.ng/thecommunicator/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1572:nigeria-s-internet-users-rise-to-91-6m&catid=20&Itemid=141
[56] Nielsen, J. H. & Joel, H. (2009). The effect of brand awareness on intrusive advertising. Society for Consumer Psychology Conference, San Diego, CA.
[57] Nwosu, I. E ., & Nkamnebe, A. D. (2006). Triple-p advertising principles, processes, practices. Lagos: Afri-Tower
[58] Nyekwere, E. O. (2012). An assessment of the use of social media as advertising vehicles: A study of Facebook and Twitter. Masters thesis submitted to the Department of Mass Communication, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
[59] O’Donohoe, S. (1994). Advertising uses and gratifications. European Journal of Marketing 28(8/9). P. 52-75.
[60] Ogunyombo, O., Oyero, O., & Azeez, K. (2017). Influence of social media advertisements on purchase decisions of undergraduates in three Nigerian universities. JCMR Journal of Communication and Media Research, 9(2), 244 – 25 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320905607_Influence_of_Social_Media_Advertisements_on_Purchase_Decisions_of_Undergraduates_in_Three_Nigerian_Universities accessed Sep 16 2018.
[61] Ohaja, E. (2003). Mass Communication Research and Project Report Writing. Surulere Lagos: John Letterman’s Limited
[62] Okon, S. S. Efremfon, A. J. and Akaninyene, A. U. (2016). Determinants of online advertising effectiveness in Nigeria: implications for consumer buying behaviour. Equatorial Journal of Marketing and Insurance, 1(1), 146-157
[63] Okoro, N. (2013). Contemporary readings in media and mass communication studies. Lagos: St. Benedette.
[64] Omagbemi, C.O., Akintola, B.A., & Olayiwola, I.B. (2004). Academic libraries, the Internet and its potential impact on teaching and learning in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Journal of Library and Information Science 1 (1&2): 38-39.
[65] Online advertising. (2018). Wikipedia. Retrieved July 17, 2018 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_advertising
[66] Online retail in Nigeria – market summary, competitive analysis and forecast to 2025 (2021, October 19), Market Research. Retrieved from https://www.marketresearch.com/MarketLine-v3883/Online-Retail-Nigeria-Summary-Competitive-30494915/
[67] Onyeka. L. and Asemah, E. (2012). The relationship between and consumer characteristics and attitude toward online shopping. Journal of Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 21(1): 37-44.
[68] Otugo, N. E., Uzuegbunam, C. E., and Obikeze, C. O. (2015). Social media advertising/marketing: a study of awareness, attitude and responsiveness by Nigerian youths. International Conference on Communication, Media, Technology and Design. Dubai – United Arab Emirates Vol 3.
[69] Owolabi. T, K. (2011). The Impact of advertising on consumer price sensitivity in experiencing good markets. Journal of Advertising Research 52(3): 115-129.
[70] Png, I. P. L., & Hui, K. L. (2006). The economics of privacy. Handbook of Economics and Information Systems. Elsevier. 471- 497.
[71] Priyanka, S. (2014). A study on impact of online advertising on consumer behaviour (with special reference to e-mails). International journal of engineering and management science I.J.E.M.S, VOL.3 (4) 461-465.
[72] Digital brand experience study for your review. (2009, August ). Razorfish Post. http://feed.razorfish.com/feed09/the-data
[73] Reczek, R. W., Summers, C. & Smith, R. (2016). Targeted ads don’t just make you more likely to buy they can change how you think about yourself. Retrieved June 15, 2018, from https://hbr.org/2016/04/targeted-ads-dont-just-make-you-more-likely-to-buy-they-can-change-how-you-think-about-yourself
[74] Reid, R. H. (1997). Architects of the Web: 1,000 days that built the future of business: Hotwired – publishing on the Web. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
[75] Rodgers, S. & Thorson, E. (2000). The interactive advertising model: How users perceive and process. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 1(1). Retrieved July 25, 2018, from http://jiad.org/vol1/no1/rodgers/index.html.
[76] Ronald, E. G., & Barbara, A. L. (2002). Consumer response to Web sites and their influence on advertising effectiveness. Journal of Internet Research, 12(4), 318 –328.
[77] Roy, S. K. (2008). Determining uses & gratifications for Indian internet users. Case Studies in Business. Industry & Government Statistics. 2(2), 78-91.
[78] Rubin, A. M. (2009). The uses-and-gratifications perspective on media effects. In J. Bryant & M B. Oliver (Eds.), Media effects: advances in theory and research 3rd edition. P. 165–184. New York: Routledge
[79] Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses & gratifications theory in the 21st century. Journal of Mass Communication & Society 3 (1), 3-37.
[80] Sambe, S. A. (2013). A critical analysis of advertising bombardment in today’s world. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 11, Issue 3 PP 48-56. www.Iosrjournals.Org www.iosrjournals.org
[81] Silk, A.J., Klein, L.R., & Berndt, E.R., (2001). The emerging position of the Internet as an advertising medium. Journal of advertising 3, 129-148.
[82] Smith, K. T. (2011). Digital marketing strategies that millennials find appealing, motivating, or just annoying. Journal of Strategic Marketing. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1692443
[83] Solove, D. J. (2006). A taxonomy of privacy. University of Pennsylvania Law Review vol.154 (3) Post. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1376&context=penn_law_review
[84] Solove, D. J. & Paul, M. S. (2011). Information privacy law. New York: Wolter Kluwer Law.
[85] Statista. (2018). Advertising spending in Nigeria from 2016 to 2018, by medium (in million U.S. dollars). Retrieved June 4, 2018 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/614932/nigeria-advertising-spending-medium/
[86] Stein, J. (2011). Data mining: How companies now know everything about you. Time Magazine, Retrieved July 17, 2018 from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2058205,00.html
[87] Steven, M. E., Hairong, L., & Joo-Hyun, L. (2002). Forced exposure and psychological reactance: Antecedents and consequences of the perceived intrusiveness of pop-up ads. Journal of Advertising, 31, 83-95.
[88] Tassabehji, R. (2003). Applying E-commerce in business. London: Sage.
[89] Tavor. T. (2011). Online advertising development and their economic effectiveness. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(6), 121-133.
[90] Tene, O, & Polonetsky, J. (2014). A theory of creepy: technology, privacy and shifting social norms. Research Gate Post. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Omer-Tene/publication/259891883_A_Theory_of_Creepy_Technology_Privacy_and_Shifting_Social_Norms/data/0f31752e6e0ac5a0ea000000/SSRN-id2326830-4.pdf
[91] Ukonu, M. O. (2013). Elements of advertising. In N. Okoro (Ed.), Contemporary readings in media and mass communication studies (pp. 186-214). Lagos: St. Benedette.
[92] Wehmeyer, K. (2007). Mobile ad intrusiveness–the effects of message type and situation. Proceedings of the 20th bled e-Conference, June, 4–6.
[93] Wells, W., Moriarty, S. & Burnett, J. (2006). Advertising: Principles & practice. New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice-Hall
[94] Wimmer, D, and Dominick, R. (2011). Mass Media Research: An Introduction. (9th Edition). Wadsworth: Cengage Learning
[95] Yu, T, & Wu, G. (2007). Determinants of internet shopping behaviour: An application of reasoned behaviour theory. International Journal of Management, 24(4), 744-762.
[96] Zwass V. (2003) Electronic commerce and organizational innovation: Aspects and opportunities. International Journal of Electronic Commerce. 7(3), 7–37.
Ifesinachi Anyaegbunam Ayogu, Joseph Oluchukwu Wogu, “Influence of Internet Advertising Features on Online Shopping Habits Among Undergraduate Students in South-East Nigerian Universities ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.46-64 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/46-64.pdf
Download PDF
Simulation of Model Predictive Control MPC for Practical Design and Application
Emian Mohammad Abed Zaid Aljbory, Dr. Mahi FIrouzi, Ahmed Selman Altuma, Dr. Babak Mozafari November 2022 – Page No.: 65-74
The precise location control of DC servo motor is a significant issue in industry. Here examination introduce location seeking with expectation of DC motor utilizing various controls methodology. Controlling procedures is expected to reduce and minimize the consistent state errors. Utilization of model predictive controller MPC strategy also carry out such requirements. Three types of control procedures are introduced in this work. The dynamic set strategy ASM, the inside mark technique IPM, and the quick online slope technique FGM have been utilized as control techniques. Such exploration recognizes and portrays the plan decisions connected with a three kinds of control units with predictive controller for a DC servo motor. Implementation of such controllers has been confirmed along reenactment using simulation program with MATLAB software. According to the reenactment results the Comparisons among ASM, IPM, FGM and MPC controllers are inclined in this undertaking. The adjusting strategy was further effective in an enhancing the progression reaction qualities, for example, reducing the ascent time, settling time and greatest overshoot in Position control of DC servo motor. Model predictive controller strategy provides the favorite exhibition and prevalence of MPC strategy view at along alternative controlling units.
Page(s): 65-74 Date of Publication: 25 December 2022
Emian Mohammad Abed Zaid Aljbory
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Karbala, Islamic Azad University
Dr. Mahi FIrouzi
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Karbala, Islamic Azad University
Ahmed Selman Altuma
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Karbala, Islamic Azad University
Dr. Babak Mozafari
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Karbala, Islamic Azad University
[1] Farrell RJ, P o, “Comparison of unconstrained dynamic matrix control to conventional feedback control for a first order model”, Adv. Instr. Cont. Proc., ISA, Vol. 45(Issue 2), 1990, pp. 1033–46.
[2] D. G. Lewis, C. L. Evans and D.J. Sandoz, “Application of predictive control techniques to a distillation column”, Journal of Process Control, Vol. 1, August 1991, pp. 207-216.
[3] P. D. Roberts, “A Brief Overview of Model Predictive Control”, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, London, UK, 1999.
[4] Eduardo F. Camacho, Carlos B. or dons, Model Predictive Control, Springer publication, London, 2007.
[5] R I chalet J, “Industrial applications of model based predictive control,” A u t magical, Vol. 29, 1993, pp. 1251–74.
[6] M.Abu-Ayyad, R. Dufay, “Real-time comparison of a number of predictive controllers”, ISA Transactions, Vol. 46, 2007, pp. 411–418.
[7] K.S. Honker, L.M. Wag mare, “Discrete Model Predictive Control for DC drive Using Orthonormal Basis function”, UKACC International Conference on CONTROL, Coventry, UK, 2010, pp. 435-440.
[8] Swati Mohan, “Artificial neural network based system identification and model predictive control of a flotation column” Journal of Process Control, Vol. 19, 2009, pp. 991–999.
[9] Ali A. Jalal, Valid Naima, “A Survey on Robust Model Predictive Control from 1999-2006”, International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modeling Control and Automation, and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce, IEEE computer society, 2006.
[10] Carlos E. Garcia, David M. Pratt, Manfred Morori, “Model Predictive Control: Theory and Practice a Survey”, Automatic, Vol. 25, (Issue 3), 1989, pp. 335-348.
[11] R.M.C. De Keyser, PH.G.A. Van De Veiled and F.A.G. Dumortier, “A comparative Study of Self-Adaptive Long Range Predictive Control Methods”, Automatic, Vol. 24 (Issue 2), 1988, pp. 149-163.
[12] R. Scattolini and S. Battani, “On the Choice of the Horizon in Long-range Predictive Control-Some Simple Criteria”, automatic a, Vol. 26, (Issue 5), 1990, pp. 915-917.
[13] D.W. Clarke, R. Scattolini, “Constrained receding-horizon predictive control”, IEE Proceedings-D, Vol. 138 (Issue 4), July 1991.
[14] [14] S. Joe Qin, Thomas A. Bardwell, “A survey of industrial model predictive control technology”, Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 11, 2003, pp. 733–764.
[15] David J. Sandoz, Matthew J. Disforest, Barry Lennox and Peter R. Goulding, “Algorithms for industrial M.P.C., Computing & Control Engineering Journal”, June 2000, pp. 125-134.
[16] B. Kimiaghalam, Ali Ahmadzadeh, A. Homaifar, B. Sayarrodsari, “A Purely Model Predictive Control for A Marginally Stable System”, IEEE Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Denver, Colorado, June 4-6, 2003, pp. 4293-4298.
[17] International Journal of Control and Automation Vol. 3 No. 4, December, 2010 62
[18] Gene Grimm, Michael J. Messina, Saia E. Tuna, Andrew R. Tee1, “Examples of zero robustness in constrained model predictive control”, IEEE Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Decision and Control, Maui, Hawaii USA, December 2003, pp. 3724-3729,
[19] Adam L. Warren, Thomas E. Marlin, “Constrained M.P.C. under closed loop uncertainty”, proceeding of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, June 30 -July 2, 2004, pp. 4607-4612.
[20] Gong Li, Barry Lennox and Zheng Tao Ding, “Infinite Horizon Model Predictive Control for Tracking Problems”, International Conference on Control and Automation, Budapest, Hungary, June 27-29, 2005, pp. 516-521.
[21] Cutler C R, remakes B, “Dynamic Matrix Control – A computer control Algorithm”, Proceedings of the 1980 Joint Automatic Control Conference, San Francisco: American Automatic
[22] Xian, Keding sang, Jinbei T. Y. Lin, “A New Dynamic Matrix Control Algorithm Based on the FNN TS Fuzzy Model”, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Processing Systems, Beijing, China, October 28 – 31, 1997, pp. 317-321.
[23] Alberto Beograd and Manfred Morori, “Robust Model Predictive Control: A Survey”, Robustness in identification and control., Volume 245, Springer, 1999.
[24] P. Lundstrom, J.H. Lee, M. Morari, S. Skogestad, “Limitations of DMC”, Computers Chem. Engg. Vol. 19(Issue 4), 1995, pp. 409-421.
[25] James C. Hung, “Practical techniques for industrial control”, IEEE, 1996, pp. 5 10.
[26] J. Richalet, A. Rault, J.L. Testud and J. Pap on, “Model Predictive Heuristic Control: Applications to Industrial Processes”, Automatic, Vol. 14, pp. 413-428.
[27] Raman K. Mehran, John S. Eternal, “Model Algorithmic Control for Electric Power Plants”, IEEE, 1980, pp. 280-285.
[28] J. Richalet, J. L. Estival, Ph. Fiani, “Industrial applications of Predictive Functional Control to metallurgical Industries”, IEEE, 1995, pp. 934-942.
[29] Aline I. Malouf, “Improving the Robustness of a Parallel Robot Using Predictive Functional Control (PFC) Tools”, Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision & Control, Manchester, Grand Hyatt Hotel, San Diego, CA, USA, December 13-15, 2006, pp. 6468-6473.
[30] H.B. Kuntz, A. Jacubasc h SSS, J. Richalet, Ch. Arber, “On The Predictive Functional Control of an Elastic Industrial Robot”, IEEE Proceeding of 25th Conference on Decision and Control, Athena, Greece, December l986, pp.1877-1881.
[31] Wang Guo-yu, Han Pu, Wang Dong-Feng, and Yao Wan-ye, “Predictive functional control of integrating plant”, IEEE Proceedings of TENCON, 2002, pp. 1401-1403.
[32] S. Abu el Ata-Doss, P. Fiani, J. Richalet, “Handling Input and state constraints in Predictive Functional control”, IEEE, Proceedings of 30th Conference on Decision and Control, Brighton, England, Dec. 1991, pp. 985-990.
[33] Mingzhu Xu, Xiaoli Li, Heping Liu, and Yanshuang Hao, “Adaptive Predictive Functional Control with Stochastic Search” Proceedings of IEEE, International Conference on Information Acquisition, Weihai, Shandong, China, August 20-23, 2006, pp.1354-1358.
[34] Dong-Feng Wang, Pu. Han Guo-Yu Wang, Hui Ming Lu. “Multi-model Adaptive Predictive functional control and its application”, IEEE Proceeding of the 1st International Conference on Machine learning and Cybernetics, Beijing, 4-5 Nov. 2002, pp. 2126-2130.
[35] R.M.C. De Keyser, A. Van Cauwenberghe, “Towards Robust Adaptive Control with Extended Predictive Control”, IEEE, Proceedings of 25th Conference on Decision & Control, Athens, Greece, December, 1986, pp. 1548-1549.
[36] B. E. Ydstie, “Extended Horizon Adaptive Control”, 9th IFAC world congress, Budapest, Hungary, 1984.
[37] M.P. Golden, L.K. Liu, B.E. Ydstie, “Multivariable Control using Extended Prediction Horizons”, IEEE, Proceedings of 25th Conference on Decision & Control, Athens, Greece, December, 1986, pp. 1550- 1551.
[38] B. Erik Ydstie, L. K. Liu, “Single and Multi-Variable Control with Extended Prediction Horizons”, Proc. of the ACC, San Diego, June 1984, pp. 1303-1308.
Emian Mohammad Abed Zaid Aljbory, Dr. Mahi FIrouzi, Ahmed Selman Altuma, Dr. Babak Mozafari, “Simulation of Model Predictive Control MPC for Practical Design and Application ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.65-74 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/65-74.pdf
Download PDF
The Theory of Reference Dialect in Yamba Orthography Development: Revitalisation or Endangerment?
Talah Benard Sanda, Vincent A Tanda November 2022 – Page No.: 65-70
Orthography development over decades has been at the onset of mother tongue literacy, language revitalization and preservation. This was informed by the fact that language in its oral form run the risk of getting extinct gradually. The development of writing systems (orthographies) therefore, became necessary in different minority languages in order to bridge the gap between orality and the written form of languages. Many languages are endowed with many variants or dialects and for this reason, a variant is chosen for standardization. Many linguists have responded to this need by laying down criteria on how a reference dialect should be chosen among many variants. Over the years, this has not gone without problems as the speakers of the dialect not chosen either gave up learning to read and write the reference or dialect demonstrated a silent rejection of the standard form. At the inception of standardization of the language, the Yamba people were already opposed to the choice of the reference dialect. It was observed by Bradley (1986b) that there is a major problem in the usage of materials produced in the language using the Mbem dialect as reference. Despite the publication of the orthography statement Bradley (1986a), the Yamba language has remained essentially oral, thereby promoting the gradual death of the language. The attempt to revitalize the language using a single dialect has turned to promote the endangerment of 16 of the 17 dialects. Reference dialect theory therefore, singles out a dialect for revitalization thereby indirectly endangering the language. Developing a multidialectal orthography would be a block building process of safeguarding a language.
Page(s): 65-70 Date of Publication: 27 December 2022
Talah Benard Sanda
The University of Bamenda, Cameroon
Vincent A Tanda
The University of Bamenda, Cameroon
[1] Bikoi (2012) Atlas Linguistique du Cameroun. CERDOTOLA : Yaounde, Cameroon.
[2] Bos Kees J, Bos Mirjam, Page Christiana. (2010). Community-based orthography development Experiences from the Kuy. International cooperation for Cambodia.
[3] Bradely, V. (1982). Serial Verbs ad Clauses in Yamba. Yaounde: SIL International.
[4] …………….. (1986). Alphabet and Orthography statement of Yamba. Yaounde: SIL, Cameroon.
[5] …………….. (1986). A Survey of the Yamba Dialect Situation and its Effects on the use of the Primer. Yaounde: SIL Cameroon.
[6] Eyoh, J. (2008). Mfunte Phonology and Revitalizaiton of the language. Yaounde: Unpublished disssertation. University of Yaounde I.
[7] Simons and Fennig (2018). Ethnologue, Languages of the World (Vol. 19). (G. F. Lewis, Ed.) Dallas: SIL International.
[8] Grenoble, L. and Lindsay, J. Whaley. (2006). Saving Languages: An introduction to language revitalization. Cambridge: CUP.
[9] Casad, Eugen H. (1974). Dialect intelligibility Testing. Oklahoma: Oklahoma Univirsity.
[10] Keith, S. (2001). Linguistic factors in orthography Design: Focus on Cameroon, 323-322. .) Yaounde: Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
[11] Lewi, M. P. (2005). Towards a Categorization of Endangerment of World’s Languages. 5- 6.
[12] Maduabuchi, S. A. (2013, April). Orthography Theories and the standard of Igbo Orthography. Language in India, 13.4(1930-2940).
[13] Njerim, I. (2003). Verb Phrase Syntax in Yamba. The University of Buea: Unpublished MA dissertation.
[14] Sadembouo, E. (1980). Critere D’identification du Dialecte de Reference Standard.University of Yaounde, Department Des Langues Africaines et Linguistique. Yaounde: Unpublished PhD Disertation.
[15] Simons, G. F. (1994). Principles of Multidialectal orthography design: Notes on literacy. Cambridge: CUP. Britain.
[16] Tadadjeu and Sadembouo,. (1980). General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages. National Committee for the Unification and Harmonization of the alphabets of Cameroon Languages (p. 3). Yaounde: SIL.
[17] Talah, B et al. (2010). Bridging the Gaps between mother Tongue Education and Second Language learning and Teaching: the Case of Kom, and Yamba. Maroua: Unpublished Disertation.
[18] Terry, S. (1980). Segmental Phonology of Nouns in Yamba. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary.
[19] UNESCO. ((2003)). Document submitted to the International Expert Meeting on UNESCO Programme Safeguarding of Endangered Languages. UNESCO Ad Hoc Expert Group on Endangered Languages (pp. 14- 15). Paris: UNESCO.
[20] UNESCO (2003) UNESCO Ad Hoc Expert Group on Endangered Languages. Document submitted to the International Expert Meeting on UNESCO Programme Safeguarding of Endangered Languages Paris. France.
[21] Wisemann, Ursula et al. (1988). A practical Guide for developing the writings of African languages. A PROPELCA series No. 2. Yaounde: Department of African languages and linguistics. Univeristy of Yaounde 1.
Talah Benard Sanda, Vincent A Tanda , “The Theory of Reference Dialect in Yamba Orthography Development: Revitalisation or Endangerment? ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.65-70 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/65-70.pdf
Download PDF
The Potential of Robusta Coffee Bean Gel as a Non-Pharmacological Material to Inhibit the Growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria That Cause Periodontitis (laboratory study)
Ardi Mohamad Bukhari, Supriyana, Lanny Sunarjo, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Endah Aryati Ekoningtyas November 2022 – Page No.: 71-74
Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease of the dental support tissue caused by microorganisms. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a bacterium that has an important role in the initiation, growth, and severity of chronic periodontitis. So far, periodontitis treatment is carried out with scaling therapy or using chemical topical antibacterial agents such as aloclair gel. This topical antibacterial ingredient has side effects. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research to prove herbal ingredients as a potential to inhibit the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, the cause of periodontitis which is expected to contribute to dental therapy services. The purpose of this study was to prove robusta coffee bean gel alkaloid and flavonoids compounds of various concentrations in inhibiting the growth of porphyromonas gingivalis.The study used True Experiment post test only control group design. The subjects used the bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 with Suspense Mc Farland 0.5. Inhibitory power test using disc diffusion method. The Results of Robusta coffee bean gel alkaloid compounds all concentrations of 0.39%, 0.78%, 1.56% have inhibitory power with a weak category (<5mm) and are less effective in inhibiting the growth of porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria and robusta coffee bean gel flavonoid compounds concentrations of 0.39% and 0.78% have inhibitory power with a weak category (<5 mm), while a concentration of 1.56% has an inhibitory power with a moderate category (5-10 mm). This study Conclude Robusta coffee alkaloid and flavonoid compounds concentrations of 0.39%, 0.78%, 1.56% have the potential to inhibit the growth of porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria statistically meaningfully (ANOVA, p<0.05).
Page(s): 71-74 Date of Publication: 27 December 2022
Ardi Mohamad Bukhari
Posgraduate Program of Dental and Oral Therapist, Semarang Health Polytechnic, Indonesia
Supriyana
Posgraduate Program of Dental and Oral Therapist, Semarang Health Polytechnic, Indonesia
Lanny Sunarjo
Posgraduate Program of Dental and Oral Therapist, Semarang Health Polytechnic, Indonesia
Suharyo Hadisaputro
Posgraduate Program of Dental and Oral Therapist, Semarang Health Polytechnic, Indonesia
Endah Aryati Ekoningtyas
Posgraduate Program of Dental and Oral Therapist, Semarang Health Polytechnic, Indonesia
[1] Permenkes RI, “Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 89 Tahun 2015 Tentang Upaya Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut,” J. Teknosains, vol. 44, no. 8, p. 53, 2015.
[2] Y. Wang, “ePortfolios: A New Peer Assessment Technology in Educational Context,” in 2008 International Symposiums on Information Processing, May 2008, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 360–363, doi: 10.1109/ISIP.2008.139.
[3] N. J. Kassebaum et al., “Global, Regional, and National Prevalence, Incidence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Oral Conditions for 195 Countries, 1990–2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors,” J. Dent. Res., vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 380–387, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1177/0022034517693566.
[4] Kemenkes RI, “Riskesdas 2018,” Kemenkes RI. 2018.
[5] N. Nwizu, J. Wactawski‐Wende, and R. J. Genco, “Periodontal disease and cancer: Epidemiologic studies and possible mechanisms,” Periodontol. 2000, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 213–233, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1111/prd.12329.
[6] H. A. Tanauma, G. Citraningtyas, and W. A. Lolo, “AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA ( Coffea canephora ) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli,” vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 243–251, 2016.
[7] R. F. Tjandra, . Fatimawali, and O. S. Datu, “Analisis Senyawa Alkaloid dan Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Buah Sirih (Piper betle L) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis,” J. e-Biomedik, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 173–179, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.35790/ebm.v8i2.28963.
[8] dkk. 2020 A.R. Pratiwi, “Uji Bioaktivitas Minyak Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Penyebab Karies Gigi,” J. Biol. Makasar, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 241–250, 2020.
[9] M. A. Setiawan, M. D. Retnoningrum, F. Yahya, R. R. Andika, and D. H. A. Sudarni, “AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BIJI JERUK SIAM (Citrus reticulata) PADA BAKTERI Escherichia coli,” J. Bioteknol. Biosains Indones., vol. 7, no. 2, 2020, doi: 10.29122/jbbi.v7i2.4194.
[10] T. Ermawati, R. C. Prasetya, N. Fatimatuzzahro, and A. G. N. Iffah, “Efek Gel Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Jumlah Sel Makrofag dan Limfosit Jaringan Gingiva Tikus Periodontitis,” Insisiva Dent. J. Maj. Kedokt. Gigi Insisiva, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 46–51, 2020, doi: 10.18196/di.9217.
[11] A. Paliling, J. Posangi, and P. S. Anindita, “Uji daya hambat ekstrak bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis,” e-GIGI, vol. 4, no. 2, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.35790/eg.4.2.2016.14159.
[12] V. Mierza and Sudewi, “Antibacterial Activity Mouthwash Preparation Ethanol Extract of Cardamom (Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton) For Growth of Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus And Streptococcus mutan,” J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 51–57, 2020.
Ardi Mohamad Bukhari, Supriyana, Lanny Sunarjo, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Endah Aryati Ekoningtyas, “The Potential of Robusta Coffee Bean Gel as a Non-Pharmacological Material to Inhibit the Growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria That Cause Periodontitis (laboratory study) ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 11, pp.71-74 November 2022 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-9-issue-11/71-74.pdf
Download PDF