As discharge of flow increases in river, the thickness of stone pitching alongside of bank of river increases. The thickness of stone pitching provided alongside of river obtained from lateral thrust taking mean velocity of flow into account provides more thickness of stone pitching alongside of the river compared to the lateral thrust obtained from mean depth of flow. The equations for lateral thrust taking into account the velocity of flow and depth of flow with thickness of stone pitching provided alongside of the river are derived.
Page(s): 01-04 Date of Publication: 12 August 2018
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Change in climate is raising alarms towards the usage of Energy globally. It is difficult to comprehend as to the certainty of how technological possibility will play out in the future to provide a balance for the need for survival vis-à-vis embracing the environmental concerns. Given the attention attained by the need for energy and the impact on environment due to pollution. In the coming years developing countries will face great challenges in development and its impact on environment. The path of development chosen by the region, upon which lies the future growth of energy and emission trajectories, would be greatly influenced by technological developments, economic cooperation between countries, and global cooperation in mitigation and adaptation of change in climate. Environment and climate change is one of the most important global challenges, with implications for food production, water supply, health, energy, etc. Addressing climate change requires a good scientific understanding as well as coordinated action at national and global level. This paper addresses these challenges. Historically, the responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions’ increase lies largely with the industrialized world, though the developing countries are likely to be the source of an increasing proportion of future emissions. The projected environmental and climate change under various scenarios is likely to have implications on food production, water supply, coastal settlements, forest ecosystems, health, energy security, etc. The adaptive capacity of communities likely to be impacted by climate change is low in developing countries.
Page(s): 05-08 Date of Publication: 11 August 2018
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With the recent advancement in the field of ocular therapy, drug delivery approaches have been superior to a new concept in terms of nonionic surfactant vesicles (NSVs), that is, the ability to deliver the therapeutic agent to a patient in a staggered profile. However the major drawbacks of the conventional drug delivery system like lacking of permeability through ocular barrier and poor bioavailability of water soluble drugs have been overcome by the emergence of NSVs. Niosomes have the same potential advantages of phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) of being able to accommodate both water soluble and lipid soluble drug molecules control their release and as such serve as versatile drug delivery devices of numerous applications. The drug loaded NSVs (DNSVs) can be fabricated by simple and cost-effective techniques with improved physical stability and enhance bioavailability without blurring the vision. The increasing research interest surrounding this delivery system has widened the areas of pharmaceutics in particular with many more subdisciplines expected to coexist in the near future. This review gives a comprehensive emphasis on NSVs considerations, formulation approaches, physicochemical properties, fabrication techniques, and therapeutic significances of NSVs in the field of ocular delivery and also addresses the future development of modified NSVs.
Page(s): 09-17 Date of Publication: 11 August 2018
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The relationship for section factor AR2/3 with different roughness coefficient are established and the section factor is determined with respect to the derived equations with respect to maximum mean depth of flow and minimum velocity of flow. We find that the value of section factor is more with respect to maximum depth of flow as compared to minimum depth of flow because section factor depends upon mean depth of flow. As we have more mean depth of flow, it indicates more discharge of flow. Hence, section factor is more but we get less mean depth of flow with respect to minimum velocity of flow.
Page(s): 18-21 Date of Publication: 12 August 2018
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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and Programmable Logic Controller are presently the most effective automotive systems used around the world for both establishing communication and monitoring the process along with supervision and recording information at from various data location scattered either at remote or in vicinity plant locations. Recent technological shift had find its suitability in Power plant like, Thermal, Gas, Hydro, Wind, Solar and other electricity generation sources. It is mainly effective in monitoring the electrical parameters (like voltage, current, power factor, Power etc) & controlling any fault occurs in electrical distribution system. This paper attempts to analyze the existing network of Regional LDC, for example WRLDC that are mainly under responsibility of POSCO which is under ownership of PGCIL. Main & Backup Control Centers WRLDC are located at MPPTCL, GETCO, CSPTCL and GSED along with SCADA Systems at Union territories of Daman Diu (DDED) & Dadra Nagar Haveli (DNHED) and are able to perform all the functions of the Main control Centre except DTS and DDS. The system has been designed for meeting identified expansion requirements of present and future capacity calculated from archived data.
Page(s): 22-27 Date of Publication: 12 August 2018
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The effect of surface roughness (i.e. Manning’s roughness coefficient, Darcy Weisbach resistance coefficient) is studied on conveyance or channel carrying capacity of channel. Also the effect of roughness due to size of the roughness material is seen on conveyance on channel. Velocity is much reduced with respect to Darcy Weisbach resistance coefficient as compared to Manning’s roughness coefficient.
Page(s): 28-32 Date of Publication: 13 August 2018
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This study deals with loss and delay multi-server no passing queueing system with discouragement. To reduce the balking behaviour of the customers in case of long queue, we incorporate additional removable servers. The customers arrive according to Poisson process and departs from the system in the same chronological order in which they join the system, due to nopassing restriction. The service facility consists of s permanent and r additional removable heterogeneous servers. The service times of the customers are exponentially distributed. The departing constraint categorizes customers in two types (i) the customers having zero service time and (ii) the customers having exponentially distributed service time. By stating the state dependent rates, the product type solution for queue size distribution at equilibrium. The analytical formulae for the expected waiting time and the difference between the expected waiting times of both type of customers are also derived. To examine the effect of variation of parameters, the sensitivity analysis is carried out. Numerical results are tabulated and displayed graphically so as to explore the advantage of additional removable servers on the performance metrics.
Page(s): 33-48 Date of Publication: 14 August 2018
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Workflow scheduling in scientific computing systems is one of the most challenging problems that focuses on satisfying user-defined quality of service requirements while minimizing the workflow execution cost. So, to reduce the cost we use cloud environment. In cloud environment, resources will increase but it’s utilization is another challenge while using cloud environment. In this thesis, to maintain and utilization of the resources on the cloud computing scheduling mechanism is needed. Many algorithms and protocols are used to manage the parallel jobs and resources which are used to enhance the performance of the CPU on the cloud environment.
Page(s): 49-51 Date of Publication: 16 August 2018
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Concrete is easy to work with, versatile, durable, and economical. By taking a few basic precautions, it is also one of the safest building materials known. The use of high strength concrete results in many advantages such as reduction in beam and column sizes and increase in the building height with many stories. High strength concrete is usually considered to be a concrete with 28 days compressive strength of at least 40 MPa. But in recent years, it is defined as the concrete having a minimum 28 days compressive strength of 60 MPa. In many developed countries, the concrete producers arbitrarily having 28 days compressive strength of above 45 MPa when normal weight of aggregate is used. High strength concrete has been widely used in Civil Engineering in recent years. High strength is made possible by reducing porosity, non homogeneity and micro cracks in concrete and the transition zone. It can be achieved by using super plasticizers and supplementary cementing materials such as silica fume, granulated blast furnace slag and natural pozzolana. High strength concrete has a high modulus of elasticity. High performance concrete with a very low permeability ensures long life of structure exposed to such conditions. The durability is not a problem under extreme conditions of exposure. Preliminary experiments have been done on Cement, Fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate. In the present investigation, Silica fume is used as mineral admixture and 920SH is used as chemical admixture. The w/c ratio for M150 concrete is considered as 0.25. By following the design procedure given by ACI Method, the mix Proportion for M150 grade concrete is derived as 1 : 0.454 : 1.527. The compressive and split tensile strengths are identified for the concrete after exposed to elevated temperature ranging from 50 to 250oC with the exposure duration of 1 to 4 hours.
Page(s): 52-55 Date of Publication: 16 August 2018
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The semiconductor industry is pushing relentlessly for high-performance and low-power chips. Recent advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology have enabled the creation of complete systems with direct stacking and bonding of die-on-die. These system chips are commonly referred to as 3-D stacked ICs (SICs). Through-silicon via (TSV)-based 3-D stacked ICs (SICs) are becoming increasingly important in the semiconductor industry. In this paper, we will try to address test architecture optimization for 3-D stacked ICs implemented using TSVs. We consider the case, namely 3-D SICs with firm die test architectures that are still need to be designed. Here we have to propose the solutions to achieve significant reduction in test length. This will be achieved through proposed test architecture and also to reduce the width of the Test Access Mechanism (TAM) by using serial/parallel conversion technique. Using TSV technology, 3-D ICs are created by placing multiple device layers together through wafer or die stacking, and these are then connected using vertical TSVs.
Page(s): 56-58 Date of Publication: 17 August 2018
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This study investigates the perceptions of students of the effects of poverty on academic achievement in Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur. It attempted to investigate what happens to a student’s performance at University when he/she comes from a poor family background. Data was collected from the students of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur area that the researcher had selected. In this study qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Data was collected through questionnaires. The chi square method and the logistic regression are used to find the results of the study. The research findings proved that poverty has negative effects on poor students’ academic achievement. Tuition, scholarship and parent’s education level also affect the students’ academic achievement.
Page(s): 59-63 Date of Publication: 19 August 2018
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Transmission line structures are frequently made out of metal lattice structures, due to their ease of assembly and because of their mild weight, which ends up in enormously small foundations. Transmission line towers, though designed in step with code provisions, might also fail in the course of mandatory trying out required in many nations. The present Study interacts with the investigation of static and dynamic analysis of Electric tower structure. Various literature researches study to analyze research work performed on electric tower structure by using FEM analysis.
Page(s): 64-69 Date of Publication: 19 August 2018
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The present article investigates the analysis of transient heat conduction through fins. Fins are the extended surface used for enhancing the dissipation of heat transfer rate and different geometrical fins are used as per requirement its accessibility depends. Fins are extensively used in heat exchanging device in automobiles radiators, industrial sectors, power plants, newer technology like fuel cells. Earlier Work under steady state conduction had been carried out extensively. Transient heat conduction analysis for fins is being considered for simplifying heat transfer queries. Transient closed form solution had been derived earlier by various researchers. As proper heat dissipation results in saving of power and lesser chances of overheating problems, perforation are made on the fins. Perforated fin improves heat transfer rate collate to solid fin by varying the different parameter like shape of perforation, diameter of perforation and number of perforation. For the purpose of contrast and optimization, notches of different aspect ratio on single plate have also been analyzed. In a lengthwise short array where the single chimney flow pattern is present, the central portion of fin flat becomes futile due to the fact that, the heated air comes in its contact. In the present study, the fins of different geometries are modified by deposing the central fin portion by cutting a triangular, rectangular and un-notch fins. This article presents a performance analysis of thermal characteristics of Transient Heat Transfer for finite fins and various shapes of notches on single plate for that an experimental setup is developing and also shows a comparison between the experimental results and results obtained by using ANSYS software.
Page(s): 70-73 Date of Publication: 19 August 2018
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Optimal capacitor placement is carried out in distribution systems for active power loss reduction and improving voltage profile. In this paper, Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is be implemented for optimal allocations and sizing of capacitors in various distribution systems. First the candidate buses for installing capacitors will be suggested using Power Loss Index (PLI). Then the FPA is employed to deduce the size of capacitors and their locations from the selected buses. The objective function is designed to reduce the total cost and consequently to increase the net saving per year. The proposed algorithm will be tested on 15, 69 and 85 bus radial distribution systems. The voltage profile and reduction in active power loss are observed on the three test systems.
Page(s): 74-79 Date of Publication: 21 August 2018
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The present Study interacts with the investigation of static and dynamic analysis of Electric tower structure. The analysis and modeling of tower is executed the use of FE based ANSYS software program. The model is created in Solidwork and then imported to ANSYS workbench. The loads acting at the tower considered are dead load, live load and dynamic masses (Seismic and wind). The current tower has height of 40m and X type bracing used in designing of tower structure. Static and dynamic analysis is executed in element using FE based ANSYS software program. Static, modal, reaction spectrum and wind analysis is executed. Wind region taken into consideration is region III. The wind strain relies upon at the gust reaction factor, which increases with height. The conduct of current tower is analyzed for one-of-a-kind analysis. The most deformation, combined stresses, natural frequencies and direct pressure are acquired and plotted graphically.
Page(s): 80-85 Date of Publication: 27 August 2018
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This paper presents an overview of various aeronautical communication systems and linkage between Primary and Secondary systems. It also describes the purposes, characteristics, and operational facts of both existing and requirements of future aeronautical systems.
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Emulsions are scatter systems of two immiscible or inadequately miscible liquid phases. Emulsion can be classified as simple oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions and multiple water-in oil-in-water (W/O/W) or oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsions. W/O/W emulsions had been used as drug delivery system (DDS).Preparation of mono dispersed multiple emulsion is important in DDS to improve their stability and to make possible control of their properties. This review described five methods to prepare multiple emulsions viz. two-step emulsification method, modified two-step emulsification method, phase inversion method & membrane emulsification. With the progression in techniques for preparation, stabilization and rheological characterization of multiple emulsions, it will be able to provide a new carrier system for drugs, cosmetics and pharmaceutical agents.
Page(s): 90-96 Date of Publication: 27 August 2018
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Thermal actions differ from other load types considered during bridge design through being a constraining load. A temperature profile can be divided into a uniform part that affect the bridge with a linear expansion and a non-uniform part that will induce an arch shape of the bridge deck. The response of composite bridge structures to environmental temperature effects is a complex transient phenomenon as bridges are subjected to daily repeated cycles of solar heating and cooling and ambient temperatures varying with time. Composite bridges exposed to environment continuously undergo varying temperatures due to diurnal and seasonal changes in climatic or atmospheric conditions. Temperature distributions in a bridge structure depend upon several environments, meteorological and a bridge parameter. The major environmental parameters influencing the temperature distributions in a bridge structure include intensity of solar radiation, daily range of ambient air temperature humidity, cloud covers, wind speed, turbidity of atmosphere etc. In addition to these parameters the temperature variation in bridges is also affected by some other parameters as well which includes geographic location of the bridge as governed by the latitude and altitude, geometrical parameters and materials properties of the bridge cross sections. Diurnal and seasonal changes in the local climatic conditions cause the rise and fall in the overall temperature of a bridge structure, referred to as effective bridge temperature, and development of temperature differentials across the depth of cross section referred to as thermal gradient or differential temperature. The range of the daily maximum and minimum ambient air temperature usually affects the effective temperature of the bridge while the solar radiation contributes to the thermal gradients in the bridge cross sections. The objective of the study were to construct and instrument composite bridge, b) to subject the structure to thermal loading, and c ) to correlate the experimental temperature distributions. It was concluded that theoretical procedure provides a rational method for predicting the thermal behavior of composite-girder bridge structures and can be applied with reasonable confidence when used with realistic temperature, profiles, material properties, and substructure stiffness characteristics.
Page(s): 97-101 Date of Publication: 28 August 2018
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Third party logistics (3PL) is a business dynamic of developing significance everywhere throughout the world. In any case, it is at an incredibly starting stage in India, anyway some family unit and multinational associations are attempting to develop themselves in this section.This paper focuses on problems faced by a 3 PL logistics company in its day to day operations and its solutions. It reveals around the major problem faced like 100% delivery is not achieved due to lack of vehicles, lengthy process flow of the materials, greater involvement of human being and lack of automation in the process. So major focus will on improving the some of the factors like how to reduce the waiting duration of the vehicles, process modification for both inbound and outbound logistics which will reduce the loading and unloading duration and in turn delivery time. And also how to reduce the inventory management duration and also duration for picking up the materials for the specified location by modifying the process flow. If all this constraints are improved then 100 % delivery can be achieved. .
Page(s): 102-105 Date of Publication: 29 August 2018
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Present study includes the performance analysis of triple concentric tube heat exchanger with ribs using ANSYS Fluent 15. Water is used as working fluid. The inner most tube provides passage for the flow of water at room temperature. The intermediate tube encloses the innermost tube and also provides passage for hot water. The outermost tube encloses both the tubes and also provides passage for cold water. This arrangement is called N-H-C arrangement and the flow of all fluid is co-current. The intermediate tube consists of ribs having length of 4 mm and 8 mm and a width of 1 mm. The results are presented in the form of temperature at the inlet and outlet of tube and also the effectiveness of heat exchanger with and without ribs are shown. The result obtained is better with 8 mm rib.
Page(s): 106-109 Date of Publication: 02 September 2018
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I. INTRODUCTION
The performance of an organisation depends on the level of satisfaction of its employees .A job not only provides a status to the employee but also binds him to the organisation. The concept of job satisfaction is quite significant in the context of employee morale. A person having high level of job satisfaction tends to have positive attitude towards his job and also enjoys life satisfaction. In order to increase efficiency and productivity of the organisation, positive attitude and job satisfaction of the employee is necessary. However employees as human beings are very complex and dynamic in nature, subject to a wide variety of physical, psychological and sociological needs along with their survival needs. Hence leading organisations prefer to conduct job satisfaction surveys frequently and try to maintain higher level of job satisfaction of their employees.Page(s): 110-115 Date of Publication: 04 September 2018
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I. INTRODUCTION
Information technology [IT] includes those forms of technology which are mainly used for creation, storage, exchange and using of Information in various forms like business data, motion pictures still images, voice conversations, multimedia presentations etc. It fact IT has led to the ‘’Information Revolution‘’, so that 21st century has been characterised by application are advancement in Information technology ; Now IT has become an integral part of our daily life. According to Information technology Association of America, IT is defined as ‘’the study, design, development—application, implementation, support or management of computer based information systems.’’ Advancement and application of IT has been rapidly progressing resulting in to development of cloud computing ,mobile application, revolution in uses interfaces, analytics etc. Thus it can be said that the influence of IT has been growing continuously and it will contribute significantly towards servicing customers by the business units in a better way.Page(s): 116-119 Date of Publication: 04 September 2018
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It is common, today, in Nigeria to have corruption reported of public and civil servants. In fact, one is said to have good public or civil service employment only when there are lapses that allow him dupe the government and the public where he works. Despite measures by the three tiers of government, the practice has persisted. Thus, this paper seeks to advocate and discuss valued added reading as the most probable check.
Page(s): 120-128 Date of Publication: 05 September 2018
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Hydroponics or the soilless cultivation is a popular and fast growing sector of agriculture and it has many advantages over soil-based system. It offers opportunities to provide optimal conditions for plant growth and therefore higher yields can be obtained compared to open field cultivation. In the aggregate system of hydroponics, different substrates are currently being used as support to the root system of plants under soilless cultivation. Substrates can be organic such as peat, pine bark, sawdust, rice hulls, etc. They can be petroleum based such as polymeric foams or plastic beads or they can be inorganic mineral based such as sand, gravel, perlite and stone wool. There are reasons for using substrates to support the root system. An effective substrate should possess certain qualities. Still works are underway to find more suitable ones having several advantages over the existing ones. The present studies were undertaken with the objective of establishing the suitability of Softboard, a commercial Low Density Fibreboard product, manufactured from locally available hardwood fibres, as a suitable substrate for seed germination and seedling growth of two vegetable crops, Green gram (Phaseolus aureus) and Fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a novel hydroponic substrate based on hardwood fibres could perform similarly to the existing materials. During this work, the author has compared the results obtained using the softboard with that of two commonly used substrates i.e., coirpith and sawdust. The article has also attempted to highlight all the advantages of this novel growing medium when compared to the known items.
Page(s): 129-131 Date of Publication: 06 September 2018
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Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Carica Papaya latex and Ficus bangelensis latex against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Method: Paracetamol (3g/kg.b.w) was used to induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Salymarin (100mg/kg)was used as a standard drug for present study. Silymarin and Carica Papaya Latex at the dose 400mg/kg/b.w. per oral and Ficus bangelenesis latex at dose 300mg/kg/b.w. per oral were given for 10 days followed by single administration of Paracetamol 3mg/Kg b.w. per oral 1hour after Caraca Papaya Latex , Ficus Bengalasis and Silymarin administration for 10 days. On 10 days blood samples were collected from the animals for biochemical analysis and liver were subjected to histopathological examination. Result and Discussion: The degree of protection was measured by using bio-chemical parameters like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Bilirubin (BRN), Alkaline phosphate (ALP) and total protein. The decreased levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Bilirubin and increased levels of total protein parameters in treated rats were an indication of the hepatoprotective activity of Carica papaya latex and Ficus bengalenesis latex. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) a well known hepatoprotective drug used for comparision exhibited significant activity (<0.05). Conclusion: The both plants latex were completely prevented the toxic effect of Paracetamol on the above serum parameter. Significant hepatoprotective activity of both plant latex were reported. Carica papaya latex was found to be more protective effect as compare to Ficus bengalenesis latex.
Page(s): 132-136 Date of Publication: 10 September 2018
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