Baala, Gawuga Thompson & Asuk, Otokpom Charles – March 2020 Page No.: 01-05
The secession of hostility and ceasefire are among early formal steps in the conflict resolution process but genuine post-conflict peace building should address issues of justice and accountability for crimes committed by actors. Most states emerging from civil wars in Africa often ignore the issue of justice or treat accountability as one that opens old wounds. A notable consequence has always been a resurgence of conflict even worse than its early phase because justice was neither served nor forgiveness secured. This study examines transitional justice and post conflict peace building in Liberia. Using the constructivist theory, it examines the Liberian post-conflict justice regime and the pivotal role of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) established to complement the country’s weak and delegitimized justice system between 2005 and 2009. Thus, the study demonstrates that a weak and war ravaged state can construct regime, strengthen it weak institutions and refuse to rely on private or public foreign templates for justice and accountability. The study draws on both primary and secondary sources of data to conclude that the post-conflict peace building process entrenched peace in Liberia. It also argues that the process was initiated by the locale especially the conflict parties and supported by the international community. The study recommends Liberia’s transitional justice regime to other African states in similar crises.
Page(s): 01-05 Date of Publication: 22 March 2020
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Asuk, Otokpom Charles
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
[2]. GOL (2003). Comprehensive peace agreement between the Government of Liberia and the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) and the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) and Political Parties, Accra, August 18, 2003. United States Institute for Peace www.usip.org (Accessed 10/02/2019)
[3]. Fombad, C.M. (2017). Transitional justice in Africa: Experience with truth commissions. In Hauser Global Law School Program. www.nyulawglobal.org (accessed 29/03/2018)
[4]. Geis, J. and Mundt, A. (2009). When to indict? The impact of timing of international criminal indictments on peace processes and humanitarian actions. In Brookings Institute-University of Bern project on internal displacement. Netherland: World Humanitarian Studies Conference
[5]. Hayner, P. (2007). Negotiating peace in Liberia: preserving the possibility for justice. Geneva: Henry Dunant Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue
[6]. James-Allen, P., Weah, A. and Goodfriend, L. (2010). Beyond the truth and reconciliation commission: Transitional justice option in Liberia. In International Centre for Transitional Justicewww.ictj.org (Accessed 30/07/2018)
[7]. Keil, J.A. (2017). Liberia’s TRC: The road to rule of law or a dead end? In African Journal of Political Science and InternationalRelations. http://www. Academicjournals.org/AJPSIR (Accessed 30/07/2018)
[8]. GOL(2005). Truth and reconciliation commission (TRC) of Liberia Act (Approved June 10, 2005). Monrovia: MFA
[9]. GOL(2009). Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report (unedited) Volume II: consolidated final report
[10]. Rouse, L. (2019). You have to face justice so I can get peace: Call for war courts in Liberia. Richard Duo and other victims of the Liberian Civil War
[11]. GOL,(2010). Archie Williams of the City of Monrovia v. Christiana Tah in her capacity as minister of justice and attorney general, the Independent National Human Rights Commission (INHRC), represented by its Chairman, R. Leroy Urey, and the Government of Liberia (GOL), by and through the ministry of justice, represented by its minister. Monrovia: SCRL
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Baala, Gawuga Thompson & Obuah, Emmanuel Ezi – March 2020 – Page No.: 06-09
Foreign intervention is a foreign policy tool. It is deployed by one state or group of states to halt ongoing crisis or forestall possible outbreak of war for the avoidance of humanitarian crisis. Thus, most interventions launched in Africa in the recent past lacked elements of consent. The ‘international community’ arguably intervened once it could reasonably establish that the rights of citizens may have been violated or the threats to these right imminent. Thus, embattled regimes have been removed in preference for ‘international community’s’ backed opposition governments. The aftermaths of foreign interventions in some African states negatively destroyed any foreseeable roadmap for sustainable peace in the region. Using the realist theory of international politics, the study argued that foreign intervention in Liberia failed to sustain peace in the country in 1997 and 2003 because most states involved pursued their national interests. It fingers the United States, a country with the military and diplomatic capabilities to intervene in Liberia. Based on a survey research design, the study showed the linkage between the pursuit of national interest and failed intervention in Africa. It negatives the outcome of foreign intervention in Liberia. It also identifies some political consequences of foreign intervention in the country and concludes that foreign intervention in Liberia has its own cost. It recommends the construction of local post–intervention peace-building regime to create enduring peace in war ravaged states
Page(s): 06-09 Date of Publication: 22 March 2020
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Obuah, Emmanuel Ezi
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
[2]. Albert, I.O. (2011). Pinched, ditched or jinxed? The mantra of African solutions to African problems.An inaugural lecture of University of Ibadan. Nigeria: Ibadan University Press
[3]. Dennis, A.B.(1999). Roles of ECOWAS, OAU and UN in restoring peace to Liberia. In New Liberia (Monday July 26, pp. 4-7)
[4]. Ekwe-Ekwe, H.(1990). Conflict and intervention in Africa: Nigeria, Angola & Zaire. London: MacMillan Academic and Professional Ltd
[5]. Government of Liberia(2003).Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of Liberia and the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) and the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) and Political Parties, Accra, August 18, 2003. United States Institute for Peace www.usip.org (Accessed 10/02/2019)
[6]. Government of Liberia(2005). Truth and reconciliation commission (TRC) of Liberia Act (Approved June 10, 2005). Monrovia: MFA
[7]. Government of Liberia(2009). Truth and reconciliation commission final report (Unedited) volume II: consolidated final report.
[8]. James-Allen, P., Weah, A. and Goodfriend, L. (2010).Beyond the truth and reconciliation commission: Transitional justice option in Liberia. In International Centre for Transitional Justice www.ictj.org (Accessed 30/07/2018)
[9]. Oche, O.(2000). Contemporary conflicts in Africa and the role of the OAU and sub- regional organisationin conflict management. In Nigerian Journal of International Affairs (Vol. 26, No. 1), Lagos: NIIA
[10]. Pugh, M. and Cooper, N. (2004).War economies in a regional context: challenges of transformation. USA: Lynne Rienner Publishers
[11]. Nwolise, O.B.C.(1992). The internationalization of the Liberian crisis and its effects on West Africa. In Vogt, M. (ed.). The Liberian crisis and ECOMOG: A bold attempt at regional peace keeping. Lagos: Gabumo Publishing Co. Ltd
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Mahmud Mohammed Momoh – March 2020 – Page No.: 10-18
From time in memorial, Africa is bequeathed with a rich cultural tradition reflected in its unique mode of art, science and technology. The people searched inwardly for solution to basic human problems such as illnesses, material needs and tools which resulted in traditional practices that served as viable if not super-active instruments for manipulating nature. From its resource deposits such as salt in the Wadi el Natrun, ancient Africans learnt the art of mummification and food preservation as far back as 500 BC. Owing also to a rich deposit of orchard woods as the Bytyrospermum parkia, Senegalensa Africanesis, etc, as well as the availability of clay particularly around its tropical regions, its people produced masks and sculptures used as disguise for masquerades and as display or for guiding containers filled with sacred relics of ancestors. History of Africa is awash with tales of this diverse art-forms which also included the ingenuity of iron working from NOK (spanning 500 BC – AD 200) or Meroe, the ceramic vase of Sintiu-Bara of Senegal, and recent once like the 19th to 20th century reliquary head of the Fang of Gabon. Its history is further epitomized by the construction of such menacing architectural forms as the pyramids of Egypt and the rich stone culture at Gokomere in Zimbabwe. With a combination of native herbs, roots, barks, and pyrotechnics, health problems such as psychiatry, orthopedics and those requiring prophylaxis, therapeutics, and antibiotics were checked. In this study therefore, an intra-African cross regional assessment of the concept, forms and challenges that these native arts, science and technology encountered during the 20th century era of colonialism and globalization is provided, showing how the twin forces of colonialism and globalization threatened to stultify their growth if not diminishing or extricating their overall essence.
Page(s): 10-18 Date of Publication: 19 March 2020
Department of History and International Studies, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
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Notes
1. “On Aksum – The Wealth of Africa – Kingdom of Aksum – Teachers’ notes”. britishmuseum.org
2. “Great Zimbabwe” – Encyclopedia Britanica
3. “Copper Metallurgy in Africa” – wikipedia.com
4. “Wadi el Natrun” – wikipedia.com
5. “History of the Egyptian Salt”. emsalt.com
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Dr Patrick Nkiinebari Nwinyokpugi, Kpakol, Michael Baribor – March 2020 Page No.: 19-27
This study examined Techno-stress Management Strategies and its impact on the productivity of Employees intertiary Institutions in Rivers State. The study adopted a survey design in the course of its investigation. The population of the study comprised of 94 Unit Heads and 155 Administrative personnel of the studied tertiary institutions giving a total population of 249. The sample size of 151 was obtained through the use of Krejcie and Morgan sample determination table. Structured questionnaires were administered to elicit responses from the respondents. Data gathered from the respondents were analyzed using spearman rank order correlation coefficient statistics for test of relationships and presented using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20). The analysis of the data indicated that there are significant relationships among the dimensions of technostress management strategies (reskilling, job rotation, delegation, and work simplification) and the measures of employee productivity (innovation and task accomplishment), which signifies that technostress management strategies and employee productivity are significantly correlated. The regression analysis in the study also indicated that organizational culture significantly moderates the relationship between technostress management strategies and employee productivity. The study therefore recommended that: tertiary institutions in Rivers State should resolve technostress issues using the tested dimensions as a measures to address the burning problems of employees productivity.
Page(s): 19-27 Date of Publication: 23 March 2020
Department of Office and Information Management, Rivers State University, Nigeria
Kpakol, Michael Baribor
Department of Office and Information Management, Rivers State University, Nigeria
[1] Odoh, L Odigbo B, &Onwumere J U J, (2013, Effect of Technostress on the Performance of Accountants and other Managers in Nigeria Accounting and Brewery industries. European Journal of Business and Management, 14(5): 100-108.
[2] Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., and Qiang, T., (2008). The Consequences of Technostress for End Users in Organizations: Conceptual Development and Empirical Validation. Information Systems Research (1:4), 417–433.
[3] William, M D, Dwivedi Y K,, Lal, B, & Schwarz, A. (2009), Technostress levels of Social Network Users based on ICTs in Turkey, European Journal of Social Sciences, 23(2) 171-182.
[4] Qiang-Tu, Wang, K. & Shu,Q. (2008). “Technostress under Different Organizational
[5] Environments: An Empirical Investigation”, Computers in Human Behavior, 24:3002–3013.
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[7] Jena, R.K. and Mahanti, P.K. (2014) ‘An empirical study of Technostress among Indian academicians’, International Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.1–10.
[8] Enis, L.A. (2005). “Much of What I Found Out about Technostress and Librarians”. Computers in Librarians.September, pp:10-12
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[16] Kiiza, P &Picho, E.O (2015). Delegation and staff commitment in the school of finance and banking in Kigali, Rwanda: An empirical study. Global Journal of Commerce and Management Perspective, 4(3), 50-54
[17] Yukl, G. & Fu Ping (1999). Determinants of delegation and consultation by managers: Journal of Organization Behaviour, 20(2), 219-232.
[18] Diaz, J J,& Alfonso, A. (2006), Work simplification as an Organisational Development Tool.
[19] Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Conference on Industrial Engineering; Theory,Application & Practice, Nagoya, Japan October, 24-27, 987-992.
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Ihunda A. Japhet-Nwapi, Chinyere U. Madumere-Obike – March 2020 – Page No.: 28-34
The study examined impression management and incentives as political instruments in the administration of secondary schools in Rivers State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised all the 7142 teachers in the 274 public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. The sample of the study was 421 (221 male teachers and 200 female teachers), drawn from a population of 7,142 teachers, using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A validated instrument titled Impression management and Incentive as Political Instruments in Secondary School Administration Scale (IMISSAS) with a reliability of 0.85 used for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while z-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. It was found among others that principals’ apply impression management to a high extent while incentives are applied to a very high extent in the administration of secondary schools in Rivers State. Consequently, the study concluded that impression management and incentives are veritable instruments in secondary school administration. It is recommended among others that the school principals should continue to use impression management, as a conciliatory measure for managing the inherent diversity of interest of teachers to ensure optimal productivity and commitment to goals in the school sector. The school principals should also continue to outline desirable incentives as compensation for teachers for a notable job performance.
Page(s): 28-34 Date of Publication: 23 March 2020
Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Chinyere U. Madumere-Obike
Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
[2] Abraham, N. M. (2013). Educational administration in Nigeria. Nigeria:Pam Unique.
[3] Amadi, U.C. (2014). Reward management system in secondary schools in Nigeria. Abia: Nelson.
[4] Bua, F. T., Olatunde, H. O. &Amough, C. K. (2013).Effect of administrative problems on the management of secondary schools in Zone “A” educational district of Benue State-Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management, 5 (29), 47-58.
[5] Ekundayo, H. T. (2010). Administering secondary schools in Nigeria for quality output in the 21st century: The principals’ challenge.European Journal of Education Studies, 2 (3), 187-192.
[6] Ginah, G. O. &Akpotu, C. (2016). Impression management and organizational performance in the fast food and restaurant sector in Nigeria. Archives of Business Research. 4 (1), 106-169.
[7] Nnabuo, P. O. M.,Okorie, N. C. &Agabi, O. G. (2008).Introduction to school management.Owerri, Versatile.
[8] Nwabueze, I., Odum, I. A. &Nwabueze, F. I. (2016). Politics and politicking in administration of secondary schools in Nigeria: A social synopsis. An International Journal. 9 (1), 307-316.
[9] Ogbonnaya, N. M. (2015). Teachers’ incentive provision and work commitment. Journal of Industrial Relations, 1(1), 14-21.
[10] Okendu, J. N. (2012). Incentive scheme and job performance, a bivariate relationship with institutional development among secondary schools teachers.Journal of Education and Practice. 3 (8), 216-223.
[11] Ozoemena, P. O. (2013). Improved incentive system in teaching profession as strategy for quality delivery and enhanced productivity in contemporary Nigeria. International Journal of Education and Research. 1 (1), 1-12.
[12] Peretomode, V. F. (2014). Theories of management: Implication for Educational Administration. Nigeria, Justice Jeco Printing & Publishing Global.
[13] Terrell, K. & Kwok, L. (2011).Organizational impression management behaviour in social media: A perspective of a social networking site.
[14] Wang, J. L. (2016) Literature review on the impression management in corporate information disclosure. Modern Economy, 7, 725-731.
[15] Zia-Ur-Rehman, M. &Javed, S. (2015). Examination of the impression management of transformational leadership in public sector and governance, ISSRA Papers
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Gbalam Peter Eze (Ph.D), Tonye Richard Apiri- March 2020 – Page No.: 35-43
Budget has gained prominent importance to government and nations as it entails quantitative projected financial plan for the various levels of government. Thus, the need of government in attaining set national objectives give rise to the formulation and formalization of budget. This study examined the inhibiting intrigues of budget implementation on economic performance in Nigeria. The study employs the use of secondary source of data obtained from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Fact File 2018, and subjected them to ADF stationarity and Johansson co-integration tests. The study parameters and outlined hypotheses were determined and tested using t-statistics outcome in the error correction mechanism (ECM). The study found that a unit reduction in government capital expenditure and government recurrent expenditure will decline Nigerian economic performance by 19% and 40% respectively. This equally indicated that there is a significant effect of budget implementation determinants on economic performance in Nigeria within the study span. The constrained recommendations of the study includes: Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to as matter of urgency to imbibe the culture regardless of region and religion differences to implement 95% of her capital and recurrent expenditure in the annual budget to achieve all round sectorial increase in economic performance and for government not to consider recurrent expenditure implementation as basis for immediate respite but rather on long term integration and development of the country.
Page(s): 35-43 Date of Publication: 25 March 2020
Banking & Finance Department, Faculty of Management Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Tonye Richard Apiri
Banking & Finance Department, Faculty of Management Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
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Dr. Manoranjan Roy – March 2020 Page No.: 44-48
In Assam, majority of the Scheduled Castes people live in villages, a small proportion of them are in towns. For centuries these depressed classes have been denied basic civic rights. The life of these people is miserable and unhygienic. The environment of these people is in no way conducive to the achievement of better standards of life. The backwardness of the Scheduled Castes people has historical, social and political roots. Poverty, lack of educational facilities, discrimination, inability to enter government services and other lucrative jobs have all contributed to their backwardness. The socio-economic condition of the Scheduled Castes people of Dhubri district reveals a disheartening picture. Illiteracy and population growth is very high among them. They consider their children as the gift of God. They do not understand the effect of large family on the income of the family. People belonging to this community are ignorant about biology of reproduction, need of birth control and devices of birth control. They consider family planning programme to be curse, as according to them this is against the God’s will. As a result, they create large number of births whose ultimate result is wide spread poverty. The objective of the study is to study the housing condition and family pattern of the Scheduled Castes people of Dhubri district of Assam and to suggest remedial measures for improving their quality of life on the basis of the findings. The methodology of the study will be based upon mainly the primary data which will be collected from the field survey.
Page(s): 44-48 Date of Publication: 27 March 2020
Assistant Prof. In Economic, Bilasipara College, Dhubri, Assam, India
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Ubani, Princewill, Kio- Lawson, Datonjo, Iyowuna Jonah – March 2020 Page No.: 49-56
The research assessed the causes of urban and rural land conflicts inikwerre ethnic nationality Nigeria. The investigations centred on urban and rural land dispute in ikwerre ethnic nationality and the relationship between residents of urban and rural communities and land dispute. The questionnaire was employed to obtain data on sources and causes of ethnic land dispute from residents. The study identified the 9 causes of urban and rural land dispute and revealed that scarcity/ land value price, boundary dispute, land use change, urbanization, violent demolition enforcement, compensation challenges, sharing of diseased property, land owners and human right violators are among the sources of urban and rural land dispute. In addition, the study also shown that there was a strong positive connexion between urban land dispute and non-indigenes of (r = .178, p<.05) and a positive moderate relationship between families and rural land dispute (r = .321, p<0.5). However, there was a negative relationship between land acquired for public purposes and urban land dispute ((r = – .055 p > .05).
Page(s): 49-56 Date of Publication: 27 March 2020
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro – Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria
Kio- Lawson, Datonjo
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro – Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria
Iyowuna Jonah
Department of Surveying and Geomatics, Rivers State University Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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[4] David and Babajide (2019)‘’ Impacts of Land Disputes on Community Development’’ Journal of Mobility and Environment, 12 (1) 83-96.
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[12] Milu, M., and Raphael,G.(2013)’’Do Land Disputes Affect Smallholder Agricultural Productivity? Evidence from Kenya’’ Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development,4 (14)112-121.
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[15] Petros, S. (2010)’’ Land Inequality and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa ‘’ Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 16 (2)1-18.
[16] Said, N. ( 2018) ‘’Peri-Urban Land Governance in Developing Countries: Understanding the Role, Interaction and Power Relation Among Actors in Tanzania’’Urban Forum 30 (16 ) 1-66.
[17] Sanda, K., and Janet, S. (1999)’’ Framing And Reframing In Land Use Change Conflicts’’ Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 16 (2) 164-180 .
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[19] Wilbard, K.(2010)’’ Land Conflicts in Dar es Salaam: Who gains? Who loses?’’ Crisis States Working Papers Series (2) 1-30.
[20] Yu, Z. (2019)’’ China Review on the Social Conflicts of Land Acquisition and Demolition and its causes in China: From the Perspectives of Stakeholders and Institutions’’ Materials Science and Engineering 603 (052035)1-30.
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Onisokumen David, Ijomah Maxwell A. – March 2020 – Page No.: 57-62
Outlier detection has been extensively studied and has gained widespread popularity in the field of statistics. As a consequence, many methods for detecting outlying observations have been developed and studied. However, a number of these approaches developed are specific to certain application domain in the univariate case, while apparently robust and useful have not made their way into general practice. In this paper, we considered Mahalanobis Distance technique, k-mean clustering technique and Principal component Analysis technique using data on birth weight, birth height and head circumference at birth from 100 infants from 2016 to 2019.To determine robustness among the multivariate outlier detection techniques, among others are selected for analysis. The Akaike’s, Schwarz’s and Hannan-Quinn criterion as well as the R2 were used to determine the most robust regression among the selected models. Findings indicates that the k-mean Clustering technique outperforms the other two technique in regression model.
Page(s): 57-62 Date of Publication: 27 March 2020
Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Nigeria
Ijomah Maxwell A.
Department of Mathematics/Statistics, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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I. Saranya – March 2020 Page No.: 63-69
Background: Adhesive capsulitis is a benign self-limiting condition characterized by painful and limited active and passive glenohumeral joint range of motion due to inflammation of capsule and synovium. The shoulder joint fulfills the mobility and stability of the body and is affected by injury, disease, and aging. Frozen shoulder is the term describes the painful loss of shoulder motion. Brain mulligan’s concept of mobilization is the manual therapy associated with mobilization with the movement of pain-free accessory mobilization with active and passive physiological movement. Mobilization with movement (MWM) is the concurrent application of sustained accessory mobilization applied by the therapist and an active physiological movement to end range applied by the patient. Passive end range overpressure or stretching is then delivered without pain as a barrier. Mulligan’s theory for the effectiveness of mobilization with movement is based on the concept related to ‘positional fault’ that occurs secondary to injury resulting in symptoms such as pain, stiffness and weakness. The cause of positional faults may be due to changes in the shape of articular surfaces, the thickness of cartilage, the orientation of ligaments and capsules or direction and the pull of muscles and tendons. The aim of this study is to find the effectiveness of mobilization with movement’s for increasing joint range of motion enhancing muscle function.
Methodology: Quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test type study will be conducted among 10 patients with adhesive capsulitis for a 4-week duration.
Outcome Measures: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and GONIOMETER.
Result and Conclusion: This study concludes that the mulligans’ technique is effective in reducing pain and improving the Range of motion of the shoulder in adhesive capsulitis.
Page(s): 63-69 Date of Publication: 30 March 2020
B.P.T, Clinical Therapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankumathur-603203, India
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[2] Leung MS, Cheing GL. Effects of deep and superficial heating in the management of frozen shoulder. J Rehabil Med 2008; 40: 145–150.
[3] Manske RC, Prohaska D. Diagnosis and management of adhesive capsulitis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2008; 1: 180–189.
[4] Brantingham JW, Cassa TK, Bonnefin D, Jensen M, Globe G, Hicks M, et al. Manipulative therapy for shoulder pain and disorders: expansion of a systematic review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2011; 34: 314–346.
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[6] Yang JL, Chang CW, Chen SY, Wang SF, Lin JJ. Mobilization techniques in subjects with frozen shoulder syndrome: randomized multiple-treatment trial. Phys Ther 2007; 87: 1307–1315.
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[8] Vermeulen HM, Rozing PM, Obermann WR, le Cessie S, Vliet Vieland TP. Comparison of high-grade and low-grade mobilization techniques in the management of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 2006; 86: 355 –368.
[9] Rainbow DM, Weston JP, Brantingham JW, Globe G, Lee F. A prospective, clinical trial comparing chiropractic manipulation and exercise therapy vs. chiropractic mobilization and exercise therapy for treatment of patients suffering from adhesive capsulitis/frozen shoulder. J Am Chiropr Assoc 2008; 45: 12–28.
[10] Othman A, Taylor G. Is the constant score reliable in assessing patients with frozen shoulder? 60 shoulders scored 3 years after manipulation under anesthesia. Acta Orthop Scand 2004; 75: 114–116.
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Abirami – March 2020 – Page No.: 70-73
Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is to find out the effectiveness of modified Pilates based exercise in patient with non specific chronic low back pain.
Method of Study: A total ten patients with age of 18-60 years based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in patient with non specific chronic low back pain selected.
Duration of treatment was 4 weeks .the outcome measure are analyzed before and after with use of visual analogy scale
Result: – At the end of the treatment program there was significant relief of pain and improve core muscle strength sub maximally in patient treated with modified Pilates based exercise.
Conclusion:- From this study it was concluded that Modified Pilates based exercise is effective to relive pain and improve core muscle strength sub maximally in patient with non specific chronic low back pain.
Page(s): 70-73 Date of Publication: 30 March 2020
Clinical Therapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, India
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[4]. Rain ville J, hartigen C, Martinez E, limke J, Jouve c, Finno M exercise as a treatment for chronic low back pain .spine J.2004:4:106-115
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Ashok N, Divya M – March 2020 Page No.: 74-76
Background: Growing pain are one of the most common causes of recurring pain in the children’s. It is a episodic benign pain described as spam in the legs and most commonly occur at night times. The calf region is more common because of involving activities while running, playing and also changes in anatomic factor like knock knee and flat feet that influence the calf region. Even though lots of studies have done to find out the prevalence of growing pain among school children. Hence the study is done.
Objective: This study objective was to find out the effectiveness of passive stretching for gastrosoleus on growing pain among school children.
Methodology: The study design was Quasi experimental and the study type is pre and post-test. 50 subjects between the age group of 8-12 years with the presence of intermittent pain in their legs were included in the study. The gastrosoleus muscle will be stretch passively to the children’s in half-lying with regular intervals, then wong Baker scale will be noted for analysing the pain.
Outcome Measures: Wong Baker scale, Growing pain questionnaire.
Results: It is a significant improvement in passively stretch the gastrosoleus muscle on growing pain in children, by using the statistical analysis, it was done (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that there is significant effect on passive stretching for gastrosoleus muscle in school children.
Page(s): 74-76 Date of Publication: 30 March 2020
Senior Physiotherapist, SRM College Of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute Of Science And Technology, Kattankulathur , Tamilnadu , India
Divya M
ntern, SRM College Of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute Of Science And Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu , India
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Ashok N, Arun Chandran.S – March 2020 – Page No.: 77-81
Background: Tension neck syndrome is a disorder of neck and shoulder area are involved, also called Cervicobrachial. Goldsmith workers are used to working for long time with cross legged posture in their workstation.
Objective: This study was to find out the effectiveness of Swiss ball training exercises for tension neck syndrome among goldsmith workers using Swiss ball.
Methodology: The study design was Quasi experimental and the study type is pre and post test with twenty samples with age 30-45 years males with minimum six month of experience as Goldsmith workers with neck pain. Subjects are excluded who has any spinal deformity, vertebral fracture, trauma, etc., The goldsmith workers working in their workstation has only one group using Swiss ball. Neck disability index should be used to select the patient who have pain with limited movements in the neck. At pretest and post-test, the pain was assessed by using VAS(Visual Analog Scale) and the limitation of movements should be assessed by the using Goniometer by Observing the range of motion.
Outcome Measures: Numeric pain rating scale, Range of motion, Neck disability index(NDI)
Results: The data analysis reviewed that there is decreases in pain and stiffness using Swiss ball training exercises, this showed better results, therefore it is significant.
Conclusion: Strengthening the deep flexor muscles of the neck for stabilization using Swiss ball exercises was effective at reducing pain and stiffness.
Page(s): 77-81 Date of Publication: 31 March 2020
Senior Physiotherapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu , India
Arun Chandran.S
Intern, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science And Technology, Kattankulathur , Tamilnadu, India
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[6]. Dusunceli Y, Ozturk C, Atamaz F, Hepguler S, Durmaz B. Efficacy of neck stabilization exercises for neck pain: a randomized controlled study. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2009 Jul 5;41(8):626-31.
[7]. Petrofsky JS, Batt J, Davis N, Lohman E, Laymon M, De Leon GE, Roark H, Tran TM, Ayson EG, Vigeland KM, Payken CE. Core muscle activity during exercise on a mini stability ball compared with abdominal crunches on the floor and on a swiss ball. Journal of applied research. 2007 Sep 1;7(3):255-73.
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Ashok N, Jayaraman P.G – March 2020 – Page No.: 82-86
Background: The push-up is widely accepted by means of examining and enhancing the strength and endurance of upper trunk by simple technique. It is an effective upper body exercise where the fitness is achieved by using of the body’s own weight. They promote the strength, balance, stability in upper body by developing several key muscles. Electromyography (EMG) is a clinical technique that involves recording of the electrical activity generated in a muscle for diagnostic purpose. EMG used to examine the neural activation of muscles which are essential for mechanical movement and strength gains.
Objective: To find the upper body muscular activation on plyometric push-up in normal individuals.
Methodology: The study design was quasi experimental and the study type is pre and post-test type .30 men were selected with age group of 17-22 years with minimum training experience in gym and normal BMI (18.50-24.99).Individuals with any major upper extremity or back injuries in last one year, recent surgeries, any deformity in upper& lower limb, chest wall deformity, any medical illness were excluded from the study. Push-up training was given for 4 weeks.
Outcome Measures: Electromyography (EMG).
Results: There is significant (p<0.05) improvement in plyometric push-up for upper body muscular activation.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the significant effect on upper body muscular activation on plyometric push-up in normal individuals.
Page(s): 82-86 Date of Publication: 31 March 2020
Senior Physiotherapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur , Tamilnadu , India
Jayaraman P.G
Intern, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur , Tamilnadu , India.
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[14] Gouvali MK, Boudolos K. Dynamic and electromyographical analysis in variants of push-up exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2005 Feb 1;19(1):146-51.
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K.Bharathi, R. Madhuram – March 2020 Page No.: 87-92
Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a disorder in which motor coordination is impaired substantially and also affects the Activities of Daily Life (ADL) and academic performances as defined in the diagnostic and statistical manual of the mental disorder 4th edition (DSM IV). Developmental coordination disorder is more common in boys than girls. 73% to 87% of developmental coordination disorder children have difficulty in maintaining posture. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy is the accountable for balance maintenance and stability.
Objective: To find out the effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation therapy on children with developmental coordination disorder in the prevention of falls.
Methodology: A quasi- experimental study was done in pre and post test type on 30 samples with age group of 8– 13 years children with Developmental coordination disorder for the duration of six weeks. The vestibular rehabilitation therapy was used as the intervention for the improvement of balance and the prevention of falls.
Outcome Measures: DCDQ’ 07 Questionnaire, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS).
Results: There is a significant difference in the pre and post test of TUG test and PBS after the intervention. (p<0.05)
Conclusion: The vestibular physiotherapy protocol increases the posture controlling ability and declines the risk of falls from low to moderately low in children with Developmental coordination disorder.
Page(s): 87-92 Date of Publication: 31 March 2020
Senior Therapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, India
R. Madhuram
Intern, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, India
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[6] Cortés‐Amador S, Carrasco JJ, Sempere‐Rubio N, Igual‐Camacho C, Villaplana‐Torres LA, Pérez‐Alenda S. Effects of a vestibular physiotherapy protocol on adults with intellectual disability in the prevention of falls: A multi‐centre clinical trial. Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities. 2018 Oct 10.
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[10] Alghadir AH, Iqbal ZA, Whitney SL. An update on vestibular physical therapy. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2013 Jan 1;76(1):1-8.
[11] Whitney SL, Wrisley DM, Marchetti GF, Furman JM. The effect of age on vestibular rehabilitation outcomes. The Laryngoscope. 2002 Oct;112(10):1785-90.
[12] Medeiros IR, Bittar RS, Pedalini ME, Lorenzi MC, Formigoni LG, Bento RF. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy in children. Otology & Neurotology. 2005 Jul 1;26(4):699-703.
[13] Missiuna C, Rivard L, Pollock N. Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: At home, at school, and in the community. Mc Master University, Hamilton. 2011.
[14] Kirby A, Sugden DA. Children with developmental coordination disorders. Journal of the royal society of medicine. 2007 Apr;100(4):182-6.
[15] Alsalaheen BA, Mucha A, Morris LO, Whitney SL, Furman JM, Camiolo-Reddy CE, Collins MW, Lovell MR, Sparto PJ. Vestibular rehabilitation for dizziness and balance disorders after concussion. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy. 2010 Jun 1;34(2):87-93.
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[17] Cherng RJ, Hsu YW, Chen YJ, Chen JY. Standing balance of children with developmental coordination disorder under altered sensory conditions. Human movement science. 2007 Dec 1;26(6):913-26.
[18] Woodruff SJ, Bothwell-Myers C, Tingley M, Albert WJ. Gait pattern classification of children with developmental coordination disorder. Adapted physical activity quarterly. 2002 Jul;19(3):378-91.
[19] Wilmut K, Du W, Barnett AL. Gait patterns in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Experimental brain research. 2016 Jun 1;234(6):1747-55.
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K.Bharathi, V. Mirudhula Devi – March 2020 Page No.: 93-97
Background: Rugby is a full contact sport played between two teams of 15 players on each team. Rugby is related to football because it is played by hand and kicking is also permitted. The ball can be thrown backwards but can be kicked in any direction. The game has powerful moves played by the players to win the match or the session; so a small distraction in the game may cause severe injuries. Several studies have examined intrinsic (injury and age) and extrinsic (physical and psychological stress) risk factors for injuries. Moreover physical stress plays a role in causing injury due to excessive practice session, so psychosocial stress may also plays an important role in causing injuries in players or athletes. Hence, no research that monitors the stress- recovery balances in rugby players.
Aim: To monitor stress and recovery in youth rugby player.
Study Design: Cross sectional observational analysis.
Procedure: Total of 51 youth rugby players between 13-18 years (both male and female) was included in the study based on inclusion criteria. Recovery stress questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sports) was given to the subjects and explanation about the questionnaire has be given they were asked to fill it. The doubts regarding the terminologies in the questionnaire will be explained then and there. According to the answers given, scoring will be done. These scores will be related with the stress and recovery.
Results: Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20 software. The results were analysed with players of stress due to strenuous activity while playing rugby.
Conclusion: From the data results it is evident that recovery has an increased factor than stress among the players. Hence from the study it is suggested that recovery plays a major role among rugby players.
Page(s): 93-97 Date of Publication: 31 March 2020
Senior Therapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, India
V. Mirudhula Devi
Intern, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, India
[2]. Nicholls AR, Backhouse SH, Polman RC, McKenna J. Stressors and affective states among professional rugby union players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2009 Feb;19(1):121-8.
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[14]. Ivarsson A, Johnson U, Andersen MB, Tranaeus U, Stenling A, Lindwall M. Psychosocial factors and sport injuries: meta-analyses for prediction and prevention. Sports medicine. 2017 Feb 1;47(2):353-65.
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K.Bharathi, A. Sasikumar – March 2020 Page No.: 98-103
Background: Parkinson’s disease affects the neuromuscular system due to the degeneration of the dopamine producing cells. The major symptoms are rigidity of the muscles, unilateral tremors, slow movements, postural changes. An even distribution of weight enabling someone or something to remain upright and steady is known as balance. Parkinson patients are prone to falls due to the gait changes and postural instability. The causes of postural changes in Parkinson’s patients can be attributed to a numerous factors and the parkinsonian population is diverse. The effect of Parkinson’s disease on active daily living appears unclear, with studies reporting decrease activities of the patient. The decrease activities are effective predicators of postural deficits and falling of Parkinson’s disease patients.
Objective: To compare the effects of general exercise and Frenkel’s exercise in Parkinson’s.
Methodology: 10 Parkinson’s patients under medications, both male and female aged above 50 years and categorised between mild to moderate according to PDQ 39 questionnaire were selected and divided in to two groups, Group A and Group B. General exercise and Frenkel’s exercises were given to each groups respectively. The pre and post test scores were analysed.
Outcome Measures: PDQ-39 questionnaire.
Results: The results show that Frenkel’s exercise shows much more improvement than general exercise.
Conclusion: From the results it is evident that Frenkel’s exercise is effective than general exercise. Hence it is suggested that Frenkel’s exercise can be used to show better improvement.
Page(s): 98-103 Date of Publication: 31 March 2020
Senior Therapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, India
A. Sasikumar
Intern, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, India
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[18]. Dr. Giselle . M Petzinger MD, Beth E Fisher, Sarah Mc Ewen, Jeff A Beeler, John P Walsh, Michael W Jakowec, 2013, Exercise enhance neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitory, The lancet, vol 12, issue 7, p 726-716.
[19]. Konerth M, Childers J, Exercise: a possible adjunct therapy to alleviate early Parkinson disease,JAAPA. 2013 Apr;26(4):30-3.
[20]. Zahra Rojhani-Shirazi PhD PT Fatemeh Barzintaj MSc PT Mohamad Reza Salimifard MSc PT, Comparison the effects of two types of therapeutic exercises Frenkele vs. Swiss ball on the clinical balance measures in patients with type II diabetic neuropathy Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews (2016)S1871-4021(16)30174-6
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Erinsakin, Martins Ojo Ph.D, Akinyombo, Durojaye Segun Ph.D, Adeyara, Christianah Olugbemileke, Alao, Idiat Adeola – March 2020 Page No.: 104-109
Rural areas in developing nations, Nigeria, inclusive are characterized with series of socio-economic challenges which is also typical of the rural communities and areas in South-West, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was implored for the study. The study population comprised all the people living in the rural areas in South West Nigeria. The sample size of the study was Six hundred (600) subjects, selected through a snow-balling sampling technique. Data was collected, using the primary and secondary sources. For the primary data, self-developed questionnaire by the researchers, entitled, “Questionnaire on a Survey of Rural Area Dwellers’ Opinion on Effects of Extension Education on their Socio-Economic Development in South-West, Nigeria”, developed on Four Likert Rating Scale of Strongly Agreed (SA), Agreed (A), Disagreed (D) and Strongly Disagreed (SD), while six sessions of Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) were used to obtain secondary data. The research instrument was validated by an expert in Test and Measurement of Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo State, while the reliability of the instrument was done through test retest method at two weeks interval. 0.69 coefficient reliability was obtained. The research questions were analysed, using the descriptive statistics (frequency counts, simple percentages and means), while inferential statistics (Pearson Product Moment Corellation, PPMC) was used to analyse the research hypothesis. The qualitative data collected was collated and transcribed, qualitatively. Based on the results, conclusions were made that: Extension education could improve the welfare status and also equip people at the rural areas with the knowledge and skills for engaging in productive economic activities. Since (r = 59*, N = 600, P <.05). Null hypothesis, therefore, rejected. Based on the conclusions some recommendations were made that government should intensify efforts on Extension education at the rural areas, people should be encouraged to avail themselves with the opportunities offered by the programme etc.
Page(s): 104-109 Date of Publication: 31 March 2020
Department of Continuing Education/Adult and Non-Formal Education, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Akinyombo, Durojaye Segun Ph.D
Department of Geography, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Adeyara, Christianah Olugbemileke
Department of Adult and Non-Formal Education, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Oyo, State, Nigeria
Alao, Idiat Adeola
Department of Adult and Non-Formal Education, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Oyo, State, Nigeria
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G.Shravanthi, R.Padmasaranya, Kaviya.M, Vadivelan.K – March 2020 – Page No.: 110-112
Background: Beauty parlor employees provide services to the public putting their own body at risk. Due to their improper posture and repetitive task, they may develop several musculoskeletal discomforts like Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs). Majority of them complains of pain in the neck and upper back.
Objective: This study is done to find the efficacy of manual mobilization versus stretching and strengthening in beauty parlour workers with complaints of neck and upper back pain.
Methodology: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 female beauty parlour workers were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups:
Group A: 15 participants were given cervical manual mobilization.
Group B: 15 participants were given neck and upper back stretching and strengthening exercise.
Outcome Measures: Neck Disability Index and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index.
Results: The mean value of pre-test NDI was 28.6 and post –test NDI was 23.3 with mean difference as 5.3 for group A and 27 and 24 with a mean difference of 3 for group B. The mean value of SPADI was 59.7 and post-test was 52.7 with mean difference of 7 for group A and 58.6 and 54.4 with the mean difference was 4.2 for group B.
Conclusion: This study concludes that cervical mobilization is more effective than neck and upper back stretching and strengthening exercises for neck pain in beauty parlour workers.
Page(s): 110-112 Date of Publication: 01 April 2020
Physiotherapists, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
G.Shravanthi
Physiotherapists, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
G.Shravanthi
Physiotherapists, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
Vadivelan.K
Associate Professor, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
[2]. Aprajita K, Sinha KA, Ritu G. Postural discomforts faced by female employees in beauty parlours. Asian Journal of Home Science. 2017;12(1):217-21.
[3]. Sarig-Bahat H. Evidence for exercise therapy in mechanical neck disorders. Manual therapy. 2003 Feb 1;8(1):10-20
[4]. Berg HE, Berggren G, Tesch PA. Dynamic neck strength training effect on pain and function. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 1994 Jun 1;75(6):661-5.
[5]. Ylinen J. Physical exercises and functional rehabilitation for the management of chronic neck pain. Europa medicophysica. 2007 Mar 1;43(1):119.
[6]. Gemmell H, Miller P. Comparative effectiveness of manipulation, mobilisation and the activator instrument in treatment of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Chiropractic & osteopathy. 2006 Dec;14(1):7.
[7]. Mussi G, Gouveia N. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Brazilian hairdressers. Occupational medicine. 2008 Aug 1;58(5):367-9.
[8]. Bradshaw L, Harris-Roberts J, Bowen J, Rahman S, Fishwick D. Self-reported work-related symptoms in hairdressers. Occupational medicine. 2011 Aug 1;61(5):328-34.
[9]. Fang HL, Chen RC, Fang HP, Xu Q. An ergonomic approach to an investigation into the risk factors leading to work-related musculoskeletal disorders for Taiwanese hairdressers. Proceedings of International Association of Societies of Design Research IASDR. 2007.
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R. Padmasaranya, Kaviya.M, G.Shravanthi, Vadivelan.K – March 2020 – Page No.: 113-114
Background: The rate of caesarean section has been increasing steadily in recent years. There is increased risk of maternal morbidities such as haemorrhage, infection, postpartum depression along with fatigue, headache, lack of sleep, anaemia, urinary infection and other conditions in women who underwent caesarean section which has an influence on their quality of life.
Objective: The aim of the study is to find the quality of life in multiparae women who have undergone multiple caesarean section in Kattankulathur.
Methodology: 30 multiparae mothers who have undergone multiple caesarean section were included in this study according to the criteria and the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life questionnaire was distributed to them to assess their quality of life post-delivery.
Outcome Measures: Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life questionnaire.
Results And Conclusion: Caesarean section is followed by number of complications affecting the mother’s quality of life. This study concludes that the quality of life is reduced in multiparae women who have undergone multiple c section.
Page(s): 113-114 Date of Publication: 01 April 2020
Physiotherapists, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
Kaviya.M
Physiotherapists, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
G.Shravanthi
Physiotherapists, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
Vadivelan.K
Associate Professor , SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
[2] Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ. Long-term risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine. 2018 Jan;15(1).
[3] Choudhary GA, Patell MK, Sulieman HA. The effects of repeated caesarean sections on maternal and foetal outcomes. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 2015 Jan 1;3(1):44.
[4] Sentilhes L, Vayssière C, Beucher G, Deneux-Tharaux C, Deruelle P, Diemunsch P, Gallot D, Haumonté JB, Heimann S, Kayem G, Lopez E. Delivery for women with a previous caesarean: guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF). European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 2013 Sep 1;170(1):25-32.
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Attah, A. J., Otene, V.A. And Waya, D.T. – March 2020 – Page No.: 115-120
This study assessed the use of internet and mobile phones in enhancing fish farming in Makurdi Local Government Area Benue State, Nigeria. Fish farmers formed the population of the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and sixteen respondents. Primary data were used, and collected using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that the mean age of the farmers was about 44years, 50.0% of respondents were married, and 87.1% had formal education. The mean household size was about 8 persons with mean annual income of ₦120,107.75. Mean pond size was 43.92m2, and mean farming experience was 7.42 years. Research revealed that majority of the respondents had high level of access to internet and mobile phones, as the mean value of their access to the internet and mobile phones were above the medium scale. The level of use of internet and mobile phones by the respondents was remarkably high, as the mean value of their level of use was also above the medium scale. The result of factor analysis revealed that two categories of factors militated against the use of internet and mobile phones; infrastructural and socioeconomic factors. Possession of formal education (W=19.173), household size (W=3.080) and marital status (W=4.236) significantly affected respondents’ level of use of internet and mobile phones. It was therefore recommended that government put in place relevant infrastructure to curb the various factors and challenges faced in the use of internet and mobile phones, and the facilities not accessible by the respondents be made more accessible to fish farmers by government and extension agencies so as to enhance their usage.
Page(s): 115-120 Date of Publication: 01 April 2020
Department Of Agricultural Extension And Communication, Federal University Of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
Otene, V.A.
Department Of Agricultural Extension And Communication, Federal University Of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
Waya, D.T.
Department Of Agricultural Extension And Communication, Federal University Of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
[2]. Aker, J. C. 2011. Dial “A” for agriculture: a review of information and communication technologies for agricultural extension in developing countries. Agricultural Economics, 42 (2): 631–647.
[3]. Bene, C. and Heck, S. (2005). Fisheries and the millennium development goals, solutions for Africa. NAGA World Fish Center Quarterly, Vol. 28, No.384, July-December, pp.14-18.
[4]. Benue State (2019). Historical backgrounds. Retrieved from https://benuestate.gov.ng/historical-background/
[5]. Chhachhar, A. R, and Hassan, H. S. J. (2013). The use of mobile phone among farmers for agriculture development. International Journal of Scientific Research 2(6): 2277-8179
[6]. Essien, A. I., effiong, J. O. and Abasiubong, N. D. (2010). Constraints to Successful Fish Farming in Abak Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Issues and Agriculture in Developing Countries, 2(2&3): 185-193
[7]. FAO, (2017). GLOBEFISH-Analysis and information on world fish trade: The Global Aquaculture summit 2017. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/in-action/globefish/news-events/details-news/en/c/897130/
[8]. Federal Department of Fisheries (FDF) (1997). Fishery Statistics, FDF, Abuja, Nigeria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
[9]. Gakuru, M, Kristen, W, and Francois, S. 2009. Inventory of innovative farmer advisory services using ICTs. Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from http://www.iicd.org/files/Innovative-Farmer-Advisory-Systems-Feb09.pdf/
[10]. Ifejika, P.I., Akinbile, L.A., Ifejika, L.I. and Oladeji, J.O. (2008). The socio-economic effects on adoption of aquaculture technologies among fish farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Journalof Agricultural Extension, Vol. 11, pp.74-86.18.
[11]. Kitojo, W. (2011). Economic Factors influencing the Contribution of Fish Farming technology in Morogoro and Dares Salaan Regions, Tanzania. Journal of Agriculture and Food Technology. 1(3): 31-42
[12]. Kumar, D. (1992). Fish Culture in undrainable ponds. Annual report of Extension Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 325, Rome, FAO. pp 1-27.
[13]. Okwu, O.J and Acheneje, S. (2011).Socio-Economic Analysis of Fish Farming in Makurdi Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria. European Journal of Social Sciences, 23(4): 508-519
[14]. Olasunkanmi, J. B. (2012). Social structure of fish farmers Osun State, South-Western Nigeria. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 9(1): 123-132
[15]. Osondu, C. K. and Ijioma, J. C. (2014). Analysis of Profitability and production Determinants of Fish Farming in Umuahia Capital Territory of Abia State, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(7):168-176
[16]. Raufu, M. O., Adepoju, A. A., Salau, A. S. and Adebiyi, O. A. (2009). Determinants of Yeild Performance in Small Scale Fish Farming in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State. International Journal of Agricultural Economics & Rural Development. 2(1): 10-14
[17]. Tsue, P.T., Lawal, W.L. and Ayuba, V.O. (2012). Profit Efficiency among Catfish farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 12(6):6759-6775
[18]. Ufuoku, A.U., Ugbomech, G.M., Uzokwe, U.N. and Ideh,V. (2006). Constraints to Small-Scale Fish Farming in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of agriculture and Environment, 4(3&4); 228-291
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Kaviya.M, G.Shravanthi, Padmasaranya.R, Vadivelan.K – March 2020 – Page No.: 121-123
Background: Pregnancy is an important period in a woman’s life, where the mother’s body undergoes many physiological and emotional changes such as low back pain, cramps, ankle swelling, breast tenderness, postural change, difficulty in mobility due to weight gain, emotional behaviours, etc, These discomforts may not be harmful but could be troublesome and the primigravidae finds it more difficult to handle those discomforts. A proper approach to a physiotherapist and participation in antenatal classes encourages the pregnant women to adopt the measures needed to relieve her from the discomforts.
Objective: To find the presence of knowledge about physiotherapy management for pregnancy-related discomforts in primigravidae – a cross-sectional study.
Methodology: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 primigravidae women were included in this study.
Outcome Measures: Self-structured questionnaire was given to the primigravidae after proceeding with the consent form.
Results And Conclusion: Among 30 primigravidae, only 5 women were aware of physiotherapy care. This study concludes that the awareness about physiotherapy management in pregnancy-related discomforts among primigravidae is very low.
Page(s): 121-123 Date of Publication: 01 April 2020
Physiotherapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
G.Shravanthi
Physiotherapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
Padmasaranya.R
Physiotherapist, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
Vadivelan.K
Associate Professor, SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India
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Yunus M. M., Nuhu A.H. – March 2020 – Page No.: 124-128
This work investigated the applicability of activated carbon prepared from local rice husk as adsorbent for effective removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution. The study considered an agro based waste material which otherwise could be disposed, is employed and its efficiency in the removal of dye substance from contaminated wastewater was tested. The adsorbent was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of physical parameters such as carbon content, moisture and pH values, bulk density and operational parameters which include, dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time were investigated with respect to dye removing efficiency. The result showed that efficiency of dye adsorption on the adsorbent range from 34.30 to 83.35% within temperature values of 35 to 65oC.The results further indicated that, adsorption efficiency of the dye increases as contact time changed from 5 to 90 minutes, then became constant.
Page(s): 124-128 Date of Publication: 01 April 2020
Department of Chemistry, Yobe State University KM 7 Gujba Road, P.M.B.1144 Damaturu, Nigeria
Nuhu A.H.
Department of Chemistry, Yobe State University KM 7 Gujba Road, P.M.B.1144 Damaturu, Nigeria
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Mustapha, R.A, Falusi, V, Babatunde-Ikare, O.V – March 2020 – Page No.: 129-131
Fleshy fruit and seeds of African bush pear were subjected to proximate and mineral analysis using the standard methods of AOAC .Themineral was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Photospectrometer (AAS). Result shows that the seedswas significantly higher in protein (4.03%) and carbohydrate (74.71%) compare to fruit sample of protein (1.75%) and Carbohydrate (27.37%). In addition, the fruit sample was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in Ash (3.92%), Fibre (8.10%) and Fat (56. 64%) respectively. It was also discovered that fruit sample was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in magnesium, potassium, sodium and iron. African bush pear is a rich source of both macro, micronutrient but further studies are recommended to assess antinutrient, and people do not consume toxicological level of the seed since it
Page(s): 129-131 Date of Publication: 01 April 2020
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, PMB 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Falusi, V
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, PMB 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Babatunde-Ikare, O.V
Department of Hospitality Management Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, PMB 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Nurul Hidayah- March 2020 – Page No.: 132-139
Back ground- Chronic renal failure is a progressive and irreversible renal function disorder where the body fails to maintain electrolyte fluid balance resulting in increased urea. Hemodialysis therapy is an appropriate action to replace the work of the kidneys, in these conditions the patient must undergo a fluid diet. This situation can cause a decrease in saliva production which can trigger the pH of saliva to become acidic, which can cause dry mouth until thrush occurs.
Objectives: To determine the effect of low sugar (xylitol)-chewing gum on changes in the saliva acidity (pH) in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis at the public hospital on April 20-May 3 2019.
Materials and methods: The design in this study is Quasi Experiment Design using Non Equivalent Control Group design. The population was all patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis at the hospital as many as 40 active patients in April 2019.
Study design: The design of this study used the Quasy Experiment Design with a Non Equivalent Control Group design. The sampling technique used is Non Probability Sampling with the type of Consecutive Sampling with the number of respondents as many as 36 patients divided into 2 groups, namely the control group and the intervention group saliva was measured pre and post treatment.
Result: Independent t-test in the treatment of P-value <0.05 means that there is a change in the degree of saliva (pH) of saliva in the intervention grouplow sugar-chewing gum.
Discussion:This low-sugar gum can produce more saliva which can increase oral mucosa pH. Xylitol is sugar alcohol whose sweetness is the same as sucrose sugar and produces calories in the same amount as sucrose which is 4 cal / gt. Xylitol than non-xylitol is more suitable because sugar content contained in xylitol gum is lower.
Conclusion: This study concluded that low sugar-chewing gum affected the change in salivary acidity (pH) in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. From the results of this study it is expected that nurses can apply nonpharmacological therapy to chew low-sugar gum which is useful for controlling fluid diet in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.
Page(s): 132-139 Date of Publication: 03 April 2020
Malang State Health Polytechnic (Polkesma)
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Mwendwa N. Mpekethu, Dr. Rachael W. KamauKang’ethe, Dr. Maureen Mweru- March 2020 – Page No.: 140-145
Children who access holistic, quality Early Childhood Development Education services have a better start in learning, and are better prepared for entering and staying in primary school. However, many children are missing out on the stated benefits of early childhood education since a large percentage of the pre-primary children are not attending the early childhood education programmes. The aim of this study was establish how parental involvement influences children’s participation in pre-primary in Mlolongo Slum. This study adopted the culture of poverty view by Osca Lewis. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and employed both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection and analysis. The study employed simple random and purposive sampling to obtain the study sample. The target population in this study was 30 head teachers, 68 pre-primary teachers and 1466 parents in the thirty schools in Mlolongo slum in Athi River Sub-county. Simple random sampling was employed to select 9 schools. The head teachers in the sampled schooled were purposively selected for the study. Simple random sampling was used to select 68 pre-primary teachers and 440 of parents who had children in the 9 pre-primary schools. The study used semi-structured questionnaires to obtain data from teachers and head-teachers, and interview schedules for parents. Piloting was carried out in two pre-primary schools within Mlolongo slum. The findings of the study revealed that most parents were either coming home late or leaving very early for work (mostly casual), meant that they did not have much time and concern for their children. The study concluded that parental involvement is linked to wide range of positive child outcomes such as school attendance, positive attitudes, social competence and good academic skills, parental engagement in children’s education acts as a gel that assist to make learning for children pleasant and encourages them to work. The study recommended that parents and donors to provide school meals to children so as to attract and retain them in school.
Page(s): 140-145 Date of Publication: 03 April 2020
Masters Student, School of Education, Department of Early Childhood Education, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Dr. Rachael W. KamauKang’ethe
Lecturer, Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Dr. Maureen Mweru
Lecturer, Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Abishek Godwin.S – March 2020 – Page No.: 146-148
The primary target of this paper is to build up a virtual condition for distinguishing suspicious and focused on places for client with no loss of human life. It depends on advancement of a robot vehicle for watching/seeing the suspicious items. It can ceaselessly screen the objects. Robot can move toward each path (left, right, forward and backward).It is utilized for video reconnaissance what’s more, remotely controls the specific spot utilizing Wi-Fi as medium. The webcam which is set on the automated unit will catch the video and it transmits vivacious to the remote end. The significant utilization of this paper can be dissected utilizing HTML site page which can be utilized to control the development of the robot.L293D is fourfold double H-Bridge engine driven IC.
Page(s): 146-148 Date of Publication: 03 April 2020
Student, St.Mother Theresa Engineering Collage, Vagaikulam, Tuticorin, India
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Nnadirinwa Perpetua Amarachi, Prof. B. B. B Naanen- March 2020 – Page No.: 149-154
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which depicts an amalgamation of International Development Goals, whose target year for achieving stated objectives was set at 2015, serves as a platform for increased partnership and cooperation between the developed and developing countries. Through the efforts of global partnership, the MDGs seek to eradicate poverty and enhance human development in the best possible ways. Just like other developing countries, Nigeria which was an enthused signatory to the MDGs did not record an overall progress at the end of the MDGs in 2015. Some natural and made-made factors led to this setback. Nevertheless, this research paper seeks to identify the bottle necks in the achievement of these goals in Nigeria and profound possible solutions with good policy recommendation especially with the adoption of new sustainable development goals.
Page(s): 149-154 Date of Publication: 05 April 2020
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Prof. B. B. B Naanen
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Nnadirinwa Perpetua Amarachi, Dr. Mfon Umoren Ekpootu – March 2020 – Page No.: 155-159
This paper seeks to evaluate and assess the impacts of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) on children and women in Nigeria. World leaders have taken various steps towards enhancing human development, by pledging to respect the fundamental rights and freedoms of humans all over the world. Consequently the rights of the vulnerable ones like children, women, minorities and migrants have become an inclusive global agenda. Unarguably, children and women have always been at the centre of international development targets. In contemporary times, the MDGs were the highest- level expression of the international community’s commitment to development priorities, with set dates and indicators for following them up. All the MDGs are directly or indirectly related to the rights of children and women to health, education, protection, equality and a good life. Nigeria, like other developed and developing countries were part of the MDGs commitment and promised to work towards the realization of these goals. Consequently, appropriate steps were taken by the federal Government towards these goals. However, with the aid of secondary data this paper will analyze how far and how well the MDGs set target for children and women in Nigeria were achieved. With appreciable but limited progress of MDGs in Nigeria, the study recommends good governance and proper institutionalization of future development goals.
Page(s): 155-159 Date of Publication: 05 April 2020
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Dr. Mfon Umoren Ekpootu
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Selcuk Kiran- March 2020 – Page No.: 160-167
In this study, the data set consisting of the 1412 surveys sampling the whole population of Turkey was examined using regression analysis to determine the impact of social networks in e-commerce. In the research, Facebook was used as the social network. As a result of the analysis, it has been revealed that there is a significant relationship between Facebook’s Information and Frequency of Usage dimensions, the level of education of the person and the person’s use of LinkedIn and the e-commerce habits of the person. Similarly, there is a significant relationship between e-commerce habits and the attitude towards online shopping, the pleasure of online shopping and the ease of use of the shopping site. According to another result, the number of people tagged on Facebook is positively associated with the number of posts. Briefly, the study demonstrated that there is a relationship between social networks and online shopping from various perspectives.
Page(s): 160-167 Date of Publication: 06 April 2020
Business Informatics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Al-Harath Abdulaziz Ateik, Barjoyai Bin Bardai, Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi – March 2020 – Page No.: 168-169
This study investigates the factors that significantly affect the intention to adopt fintech by yemeni microfinance business. This study is to gauge the possible antecedents of fintech services usage by working on a new model based on TAMS as well as to answer the research questions posed. This study applies a quantitative research methodology, which includes a numerical measurement and analysis of the factors Service Quality, Trust, and Costs which influence acceptance. It presents a theoretical framework for the construction of hypotheses. The hypotheses were tested to obtain the findings that may be generalized afterwards. 30 respondents participated in this study. After reviewing several related studies, the Likert five- point scale questionnaire was constructed for gathering the required data, which were then analyzed using the SPSS software.
Page(s): 168-169 Date of Publication: 07 April 2020
Al-Madinah International University, Malaysia
Barjoyai Bin Bardai
Al-Madinah International University, Malaysia
Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi
Al-Madinah International University, Malaysia
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[12]. Zhang, X., Han, X., Dang, Y., Meng, F., Guo, X., & Lin, J. (2017). User acceptance of mobile health services from users’ perspectives: The role of self-efficacy and response-efficacy in technology acceptance. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 42(2), 194-206.
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Gbalam Peter Eze (Ph.D), Tonye Richard Apiri – March 2020 – Page No.: 170-182
Industrial and economic developments are flourished by small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in a country through efficient utilization of local resources, production of intermediate goods and services and transformation of rural technology. This study empirically examined Nigerian context of loanable funds impact on performance of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs)within a study range of 2001-2018. The study employed time series data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) annual statistical bulletin, 2018. The error correction mechanism (ECM) was used to analyze data set after determining their individual stationarity with the presence of long-run cointegrating relationship among variables employed in the study. The study found that, credit to the private sector and interest rate ceiling have both linear and non-linear significant impact on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends: Government and financial institutions in Nigeria to continue to encourageand create a centralized entity within their operations as a strategy of governance to offer short and medium term loans to small and medium scale enterprises either monthly, quarterly or annually as to enable them consistently stay afloat in their business operations.
Page(s): 170-182 Date of Publication: 08 April 2020
Banking & Finance Department, Faculty of Management Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Tonye Richard Apiri
Banking & Finance Department, Faculty of Management Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
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Ogungbemi, A.O.; Hassan, Y.O.; Eniolawun, O.S.; Philips, O.O.; Olaitan, P.A. – March 2020 – Page No.: 183-186
To control the spread of diseases on the market in many developing countries. This paper examining factors inducing market woman participation in sanitation exercise in developing countries. To achieved this, 205 questionnaires were randomly administered among the market women within the study area. The result of the findings showed(93.1%) of respondents influences in market sanitation exercise was dues to negative consequences of unsanitary environment the study further shown that dues much attention still deserved for environmental sanitation exercise. This study recommends the need of strengthening awareness on environmental sanitation practices, compliance with sanitation rules’ in the study area, upgrading and improve the accessibility to environmental sanitation facilities and services in the market, improves of service radius to curtail the spread of diseases.
Page(s): 183-186 Date of Publication: 08 April 2020
Student, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
Hassan, Y.O.
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Nigeria
Eniolawun, O.S.
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Nigeria
Philips, O.O.
MSc. Student, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
Olaitan, P.A.
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Nigeria
[2] Akanmu, A. A. (2016). Environmental sanitation practices in Sango market, Saki, Oyo State. Ile-Ife: Unpublished B.sc dissertation submitted to dpartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of environmental design and management.
[3] Acheampong, P. T. (2010). Environmental sanitation management in the Kumasi metropolita area. Kumasi: Thesis Submitted to the Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Science Development Planning and Management.
[4] Global Water Pathogen Project. (2017). Introduction to the Importance of Sanitation. https://www.waterpathogens.org/book/introduction: https://www.waterpathogens.org/book/introduction.
[5] Ibrahim-Adedeji, K. (2015). Attitude of Market Woman towards Weekly Environmental Sanitation Exercise in Bodija Market in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology in Practice, 7(1), 57-62.
[6] Taiwo, P. A., & Ajayi, J. O. (2013). Environmental pollution in the urban market: The case of bodija market Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of developing country studies, 3(13), 53-66.
[7] WHO( World Health Organization). (2018). Bulletin of the World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/3/10-020310/en/.
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Muhammad Anka Nasiru, Faruk U. Abubakar – March 2020 – Page No.: 187-197
This study applied the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to the study of obstetric fistula disease. The main objective of this study is to carry out a feasibility study of 321 OF patients to assess if there would be significant relationships between psychosocial variables and intention to seek therapy among the victims of fistula disease. A total of 321 questionnaires was administered, 302 were valid for further analysis. The result of the study indicated significant relationships between psychosocial elements and intention to seek therapy. Specifically, there was a meaningful positive relationship between decision-making and the plan to seek therapy (β=0.18, t=4.33, p<0.01). Conversely, the result indicated no significant relationship between the attitude of health personnel and the intention to seek therapy (β=0.06, t=1.29, p<0.10). Furthermore, the result of the study established a significant positive relationship between low-stigma and intention to seek therapy (β=0.11, t=3.15, p<0.01). Also, this study showed a significant positive relationship between social support and intention to seek therapy (β=0.11, t=2.00, p<0.02). Moreover, the finding of the study established that transportation is positively related to the intention to seek therapy (β=0.29, t=3.91, p<0.01). Furthermore, the study confirmed that there is a significant positive relationship between the quality of health and intention to seek therapy among obstetric fistula women (β=0.35, t=4.31, p<0.01). Thus, this study concludes that SEM is a more significant model, which performs estimations superior to first-generation and some other co-variance based regression models for examining variables, and that the assessment based on the SEM approach did examine the latent variables and their relationship as well as tested the relationship between the latent variables. Consequently, this study recommends that for accurate predictions, attention should be focused on thorough data screening and preliminary data analysis of all the latent constructs that would be employed in future researches.
Page(s): 187-197 Date of Publication: 09 April 2020
Department of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Faruk U. Abubakar
Department of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
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[7] Bellows, B., Bach, R., Baker, Z. & Warren, C. Barriers to obstetric fistula treatment in low-income countries: A systematic review, Population council. 2014. pp. 1-6
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[18] Gharoro, E. P. & Agholor, K. N. Aspect of psychosocial problems of patients with vesicovaginal fistula. Journal of Obstetrics and gynecology, 2009; 29(7), pp. 644-647.
[19] Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013) Partial least squares structural equationmodeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acc eptance Long Range Planning, 2913, 46(1–2), pp. 1-12.
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[21] Holmes, W. & Goldstein, M. “Being treated like a human being”: Attitudes and behaviours of reproductive and maternal health care providers, 2012. pp. 18-28
[22] Jeremy, M. Transportation, distance and healthcare utilization for older adults in rural and small urban areas. Small Urban and Rural transit center Upper Great Plains transportation institute, North Dakota State Univ ersity, Fargo. 2010.
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[25] Lo, C. M. & Lee P. H. Prevalence and impacts of poor sleep on quality of life and associated factors of good sleepers in a sample of older Chinese adults. Health quality of life, Biomed central, 2012; 10(22), pp. 111-120
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[27] Mizck, L. S. & Russinova, Z. Intersectional stigma and the acceptance process of women with mental illness. Women and , 2015; 38, pp. 14-30.
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[29] Murakami, Y., Lee, B.w., Duncan, M., Kao, A., Huang, J. Singh, K., & Lin, S. C. (2011). Racial disparities in adherence to glaucoma follow up visit in a county hospital population. Arch. Opthalmol, 129(7), pp. 872- 878.
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[33] Ridder, D. D., Badlani, G. H., Brownin, A., Singh, P. Sombie, I. & Wall, L. L. Fistula in the developing world. Committee 18. In: Health publication ltd. UK, 2009, pp. 1419-1458.
[34] Rodrigue, J. P., Comtois, C. & Slack, B. The geography of transport system Dimension.. Routledge publishers, New York, NY. 2013.
[35] Roush, K. M. Social implication of obstetric fistula: An integrative review. Journal of midwifery & women’s health. 2009; 54(2), pp.21-33
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[38] Sina, O. J., Jegede, L. I. & Kunle, A. M. Socio-economic status and utilization of healthcare facilities in rural Ekiti, Nigeria. Standard research journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2014; 2(1), 1-43.
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[42] Tlou, E. R. The application of theory of reasoned action and planned behaviour to a workplace HIV/AIDS health promotion programme. A PhD thesis, University of South Africa. 2009.
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Faruk U. Abubakar, Muhammad Anka Nasiru – March 2020 – Page No.: 198-204
This study evaluates a small sample size from positivist’s orientation regarding the regulating influence of rehabilitation and awareness campaigns on the relationships between transportation, stigma, quality of health and health-seeking behavior among obstetric fistula patients in north-west Nigeria. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, a simple random sampling method, and collected 100 completed questionnaires. The study employed six constructs for assessment. Data were analyzed utilizing the statistical package for social sciences, SPSS v22, which was complemented by meticulous perusal by the panel of experts to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the construct’s items. Consequently, the findings of the pilot study confirmed that all the adapted items of the constructs are reliable and valid, and they are suitable for application in the main study.
Page(s): 198-204 Date of Publication: 09 April 2020
Department of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Adegbuyi Aderibigbe
Department of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
[2] Aroma, E., Tolvanen, A., Tuulari, J. &Wahlbeck, K. Personal Stigma and use of mental health services among people with depression in general population in Finland. Biomedic central psychology, 2011, 11(52), pp. 102-111
[3] Baba, S. B. Birth and Sorrow: The psychosocial and medical consequences of obstetric fistula. International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology, 2014; 2(2), 055-065.
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[6] Bellows, B., Bach, R., Baker, Z. & Warren, C. Barriers to obstetric fistula treatment in low-income countries: A systematic review, Population council. 2014, 22, pp. 1-4
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Neha Saxena, Dr. P.R. Patel – March 2020 – Page No.: 205-214
This paper aims to examine employee perceptions on Corporate Social Responsibility in context to manufacturing units of Ahmedabad city. It is mix method type of study. The structured questionnaires employed to select employees( N=70635, n=429) of ten manufacturing units in Ahmedabad region by considering the factors such as CSR policy, health, education, woman empowerment, environment and prevention of natural resources, community development and rural development.IBMSPSS.25 is employed as a statistical tool for data analysis. The results reflected that employees are aware of CSR policy adopted by their units and it is also observed that health, education, woman empowerment, environment and prevention of natural resources, community development and rural development are positively related with CSR policy. The most significant factor associated with CSR policy is significantly related with environment and prevention of natural resources.
Page(s): 205-214 Date of Publication: 10 April 2020
Research Scholar, S.D. School of Commerce, Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
Dr. P.R. Patel
Associate Professor, Govt. Commerce College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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[7] Kumar, M., Narendra, S. B., & Amar, J. (2010). Micro-finance as an antipoverty vaccine for rural India. International Review of Business and Finance, 2(1), 29-35.
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[10] responsibility in India”. IJERED. ISSN: 2320-8768, volume 2
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Ayman A Mohammed, Sajidan, Agung Budihargo – March 2020 – Page No.: 215-219
This study was designed to evaluate the body weight composition of Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets with various inclusion levels of Phyprozyme HP. Phyprozyme HP enzymes are standardized to contain a combination of Protease, Xylanase, Hemicellulase, and Phytase. The body weight composition was presented as a percentage of moisture, fat, ash, and crude protein. The fish samples in this study used Nile tilapia with an average weight of (11.8 ± 8.6) g/fish and the stocking density of 20 fish/ hapa (70×45×90 cm3). Eight treatments with two replicates were used: T1 control (0,0), T2 (0,05), T3 (0,12), T4 (0,19), T5(0,26), T6 (0,33), T7 (0,40), and T8 (0,47) g phyprozyme HP/ kg-1 feed and were fed three times daily (7:00 AM, 12:00, and 16:00 PM) at feeding rate of 5 % of the total body weight. After 56 days, there were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of moisture and protein contents of body composition.The highest value (81.52 ± 2.96) of moisture was observed with fish fed (T8) and the lowest value (77.65 ± 3.32) was obtained with fish fed (control). The highest value of protein (11.68 ± 0.72) was observed with (initial weight) and the lowest value (7.43 ± 0.12) was obtained with fish fed (control). There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in crude fat and ash contents between initial weight and other dietary treatments. Crude fat content was highest in initial weight (2.45 ± 0.49) and lowest in fish fed (T2) (0.39 ± 0.02). The ash content was highest in T7 (2.67 ± 0.28) and lowest in fish fed (T6) (1.47 ± 0.06).
Page(s): 215-219 Date of Publication: 11 April 2020
Program of Bioscience, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
Sajidan
Department of Bioscience, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
Agung Budihargo
Department of Bioscience, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
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[16] Saliu, J. K., Joy, O., Catherine, O., 2007. Condition factor, fat and protein content of five fish species in Lekki Lagoon. Nigeria Life Sci. J. 4, 54–57
[17] Silva, J. J., Chamul, R. S., 2000.Composition of marine and fresh water finfish and shell fish species and their products. In: Martin, R.E., Carter, E.P., Flick, E.Y., Davis, L.M. (Eds.), Marine and fresh water products handbook, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Technomic Publishing Company, USA, pp. 31–46.
[18] Song, H. L., Tan, B. P., Chi, S. Y., Liu, Y., Chowdhury, M. A., & Dong, X. H. (2017). The effects of a dietary protease‐complex on performance, digestive and immune enzyme activity, and disease resistance of Litopenaeusvannamei fed high plant protein diets.
[19] Inaolaji, O. W. (2011). Growth performance and digestibility of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fed pineapple (Ananascomosus) Peel Meal‐Based Diets. [Essay].Department of Aquaculture and Fishery management, University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 45
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Ubani Princewill, Bumaa Felix Neeka, Daibi-Oruene, Waaka Divine – March 2020 – Page No.: 220-226
Alongside the framework that neighbourhoods in south-south cities (SSC), comprising Port Harcourt, has existed without the increase and upgrading of the necessary infrastructural facilities; and that the inherent difficulties of inadequate, obsolete and dilapidated infrastructures are threatened by the pace of escalated population pressure. This research suggests that this challenge and undeniably neighbourhood infrastructural shortages can be tackle through urban renewal programs, neighbourhood improvement plans, and development of new layout and satellite towns together with adequate infrastructures. They constitute the gadgets through which the much desired neighbourhood infrastructures could be achieved for maintainable neighbourhood development. However, the article concentrated on effects of population pressure on Port Harcourt Neighbourhood infrastructures and facilitates, while the sampling of 390 residents unfolded the escalated effect and consequences of uncontrolled population pressure together with the dissimilarities across the facets of neighbourhood infrastructures. The findings from the analysis revealed that effects of population pressure on neighbourhood infrastructures (R2 = 0.978, effect at 0.01) explaining 97.8% (portable water, electricity, educational facilities, housing, transportation/pedestrian and waste disposal infrastructures). On determination of the population pressure dissimilarities, residential infrastructure claimed (25%), transportation infrastructure (20%), commercial (18%), industrial (15%), institutional (10%), agricultural (05%) and recreational facilities (07%).The research endorsed for a review of the initial neighbourhoods threshold population in Nigeria through the national population commission, to identify the number or figure of population in the increase and built more infrastructural facilities commensurate to the present population of the neighbourhoods under pressure and improve the existing condition of the same neighbourhoods through urban renewal projects or urban improvement plans.
Page(s): 220-226 Date of Publication: 13 April 2020
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kenule Beeson Saro – Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria
Bumaa Felix Neeka
Department of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro – Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria
Daibi-Oruene, Waaka Divine
Department of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro – Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria
[2]. Christian Urich, Peter M. Bach, Robert Sitzenfrei, Manfred Kleidorfer, David T.(2013) Modelling cities and water infrastructure dynamic Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Engineering Sustainability 166 ( 5 ) 301-308.
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[5]. Diana Weinhold, Eustaquio J. Reis. (2001)’’ Model Evaluation and Causality Testing in Short Panels: The Case of Infrastructure Provision and Population Growth in the Brazilian Amazon’’ journal of regional science 41 (4) 639-657.
[6]. Harry, H. K., Dennis, P. R. (1997) Infrastructure Productivity Estimation and Its Underlying Econometric Specifications: A Sensitivity Analysis, Regional Science, 76 (1) 115-131.
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[8]. Jorgen, L.(2005)’’Proportional Allocation via www.Zerorisk’’
[9]. Lucia, M.D., Antonio, P., and Jose, M. V. (2012)Transportation infrastructure impacts on firm location: the effect of a new metro line in the suburbs of Madrid, Journal of Transport Geography 22,236-250.
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[11]. Marlon, G. B.(1998) Spillovers and the Locational Effects of Public Infrastructure 38 (3) 381-40.
[12]. Mehmet, Y. K.,andAldonat, B. (2011) Infrastructure, Economic Growth and Population Density in Turkey International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research 3, 39-57.
[13]. Nmaculada, C. Á., Ángel, M. P., and José L. Z.(2014) Cost Efficiency, Urban Patterns and Population Density When Providing Public Infrastructure: A Stochastic Frontier Approach, European Planning Studies, 22 (6) 1235-1258.
[14]. Peter Heller (2010) ‘’People and Places: Can They Align to Bring Growth to Africa’’ Centre for global development essay’’
[15]. Sabyasachi, T.,(2017)’’ Relationship Between Infrastructure and Population Agglomeration in Urban India: An Empirical Assessment ‘’ Asian Development Bank Institute working paper series No. 731, 1-29.
[16]. The Effects of Infrastructure Development on Growth and Income Distribution. Policy research working paper. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3400.
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Kasingiu Florence Syombua, Dr. Rachel W. Kamau-Kangethe – March 2020 – Page No.: 227-231
Despite programmes being initiated to improve maternal and new-born health including the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHs), a global programme aimed at enhancing optimal levels of maternal and infant feeding and care in health care facilities, the envisaged results of these programmes have not been satisfactorily achieved in Taru, Kinango Sub-County, Kwale County, Kenya due to several challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of cultural nutritional practices on cognitive development. This study was guided by Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs. The research employed the descriptive survey design which is description of the state of the affairs as it exists and the researcher reports the findings. Questionnaires, interviews schedules and observation schedules were used to collect data. This study targeted a total of 795 respondents comprising of 694 lower primary pupils, 87 teachers and 8 head teachers and 6 health workers from 8 primary schools in Taru Location. Piloting of instruments was done in two different schools to ascertain their reliability and validity. The researcher used both quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques for this study because both approaches complement each other. The data collected by use of the questionnaires were coded, assigned labels to variables’ categories and fed into the computer. The quantitative data were analysed quantitatively with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Frequency tables, bar-graphs and pie charts were employed to present the information. Inferential statistics such as mean and standard deviation were utilized to summarize the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Qualitative data obtained from interview schedule were organized into themes and discussed based on research objectives. Findings revealed that malnutrition among pupils in lower primary schools caused an array of psychosocial problems like illness, brain damage, delayed physical growth, delayed development of motor skills and delayed intellectual development. The study concluded that nutrition status of pre-school children greatly affected their mastery skills, cognitive development and academic performance. The study recommended that school-based feeding programmes should be set up so that they play an important and effective role in improving nutritional status of school going children and hence their performance.
Page(s): 227-231 Date of Publication: 13 April 2020
School of Education, Department of Early Childhood Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Dr. Rachel W. Kamau-Kangethe
Department of Early Childhood Studies, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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[3]. Crookston B T, Schott W, Cueto S, Dearden K A, Engle P,Georgiadis A, Lundeen E A, Penny M E, Stein A D &Behrman J R (2013) Post infancy growth, schooling, andcognitive achievement: Young Lives Am J ClinNutr98 1555-1563
[4]. Erickson, P. (2006). Iron Deficiency and Cognitive Achievement among School-aged Children and Adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics, 107, 1381-1386.
[5]. Huang, S. (2010). Associations of Breakfast Skipping with Obesity and Health-Related Quality of Life: Evidence from a National Survey in Taiwan.
[6]. Kar, B., Rao, S., &Chandramouli, B. (2008).Cognitive Development in Children with Chronic Protein Energy Malnutrition. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 4:31, doi: 10.1186/1744 9081-4-31.
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[8]. Priya, K.(2010). The Relationship of Breakfast Skipping and Type of the Relationship of Breakfast Skipping and Type and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents.J Am Diet Assoc, 869-878.
[9]. Sargoor R V, Ghattu V Ki, Wills A K, Kurpad A V, Muthayya S,Hill J C, Karat S C, Nagarajaiah K K, Fall C H D &Srinivasan K (2010) Association of birth weight and headcircumference at birth to cognitive performance in 9-10year old children in South India: prospective birth cohortstudy, Pediatr Res 67 424-429
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[13]. Yumusa, I., Gunnel, A.M. &Adegbusi, S. (2012). School Feeding Programme in Nigeria: A Vehicle for nourishment of pupil. The African Journal, 12(2), 53-67.
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