This paper presents a method to determine critical points to adjust operating parameters for a thermal generator in case of constant of active power and variation of excitation current. Operating thresholds corresponding to above points are defined by maximum reactive power generating to the power system (positive), zero reactive power and maximum reactive power absorbing from the power system (negative). Curves representing the relation between power factors, angle of electromotive cross force and reactive power are also created in this paper corresponding to above operating points. Due to exactly determining critical points in this case, an algorithm is also proposed to help the controller have correct thresholds to adjust the excitation current for parallel couple of a thermal generator and the power system. This paper also presents a detailed calculation for a thermal generator having 57.5 MW rated active power to illustrate the proposed method. Calculation results showed the meaning of the proposed method to create a full and clear profile for any thermal generator that helps to control and dispatch power systems.
Page(s): 01-05 Date of Publication: 25 September 2021
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I. INTRODUCTION The need to make global development holistic has been in the forefront of the agenda of the United Nations (UN). No doubt that the international organization has been developing frameworks to help reduce the gaps in development between the first and third world countries. One of these frameworks in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which was later replaced in 2015 by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of the major challenges faced by the former MDGs was its inability to get local legislation by member states of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The SDGs, which came into effect in January 2016, are a universal set of economic, social and environmental goals and targets that member states of the UN are expected to achieve by 2030. The SDGs build and expand on the eight MDGs by focusing on critical dimensions of sustainable development in both emerging and advanced countries, ranging from human rights obligations, good governance, social justice, equity within countries, environmental sustainability, vulnerability to the exclusion of marginal populations and the poorest of the poor (Meyer-Ohlendorf, Gorlach, and McFarland, 2013). Like the MDGs, the SDGs will not be legally binding; they represent a political commitment to development by all UN member states (Meyer-Ohlendorf et al., 2013). Ultimately, these universal goals are meant to create a standard that ensures the balancing of economic development and global environmental goals with poverty reduction objectives (Sachs, 2012).
Page(s): 06-13 Date of Publication: 27 September 2021
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2021.9902Download PDF
Because of the enormous use of clean water and its restricted availability relative to the amount of water on the Earth’s surface, providing water fit for human consumption is one of the most pressing issues confronting the globe. The effect of adding a solar collector and phase change materials on distillation yield is examined in this study, and solar water desalination using solar distillation systems. Also, emphasize the system’s influence of shedding a magnetic field and boosting evaporation by affecting water surface tension
Page(s): 14-18 Date of Publication: 01 October 2021
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Detailed ground radiometric survey was conducted at Gaya North Western Nigeria to characterize the radioelement potential in the region as reported in airborne spectrometric map produced by Hunting Geology and Geophysics LTD (1975). Compact Spectrometer Gamma Surveyor was used to measured radioelements along twenty one profiles 1 km each. The measurement time was set at 5 minutes for sensing the concentration of Uranium, Thorium and Potassium. The research result gave mean concentration of the radioelement U, Th, K as 17.527 ppm, 56.09 ppm and 4.1092 % respectively in the order of (Th>U>K), absorbed dose rate values ranging from 33.45 nGyph-1 to 676.49 nGyph-1 with average value of 48.3 nGyph-1 which is lower than the world average value. Research successfully revealed Uranium and Thorium are most enriched in the youngest, most felsic and most potassic members of igneous rocks which is a good indicator for magmatic to post-magmatic alteration processes.
Page(s): 19-25 Date of Publication: 01 October 2021
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2021.8904Download PDF
This study examined empirically the relationship that exists between one-dimensional (monetary) poverty and multidimensional poverty of the farming households in rural area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was employed for the selection of 317 respondents in Ijaye, Ilora and Ido farm settlements respectively. Four dimensions were considered: education, consumption, housing/standard of living dimensions and the multidimensional poverty. Consumption equivalent of $1.25 per capita per day was used as poverty line for the monetary poverty. Concerning the relationship between income poverty and multidimensional poverty, income still play a major role in poverty determination, though multidimensional examination of poverty revealed better, deprivation of human basic capability, covering both one-dimensional and multidimensional poverty. The statistical revelation indicated that monetary headcount is about 87%, while multidimensional headcount is 82% respectively. The probit estimates results indicated that an increase in income alone in isolation of other deprivation variables cannot significantly reduce individual poverty.
Page(s): 26-30 Date of Publication: 04 October 2021
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TThe study explored the lived experiences of the Rwandan Former Refugees in Lusaka. The study was guided by the following objectives: (i) to describe the lived experiences of the Rwandan Former Refugees in Lusaka; (ii) to explore the challenges experienced by the Rwandan Former Refugees in Lusaka ; (iii) to highlight the opportunities that addressed the challenges of Former Refugees in Lusaka. The study was guided by Hermeneutics Phenomenology within qualitative methodology informed by a sample size of ten (10) former Rwandan refugees, selected using snowball sampling. The collection of data was conducted using an online interview form. The study revealed that Rwandans have been able to exploit a number of opportunities in Zambia, which include education, marriage, business, and employment. However, the study also showed that refugees encountered a number of challenges, which included discrimination, stereotypes, violence, documentation, and theft. On the factors causing the former Rwandan refugees to remain in Zambia, the study showed that peace and stability, employment, intermarriages, disbelief of restored peace in Rwanda, and fear of insecurity in Rwanda were the reasons for the Rwandans to remain in Zambia. The study also showed that changing labour and integration laws of the country was the solution to the challenges faced by the former Rwandan refugees in Zambia. Therefore, the conclusion of the study was that Rwandans have found a suitable environment to restart their lives in Zambia. Based on the findings, the study recommended that documentation of the former Rwandan refugees be expedited to allow them a legal stay in Zambia.
Page(s): 31-38 Date of Publication: 04 October 2021
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This present study explores the socio-economic impact of the financially insolvent disabled allowance as a social safety net program with reference to beneficiaries living in Shibchar Upazila of Madaripur District in Bangladesh. Data have been collected from the respondents who get disability allowance from Upazila social services office. The study also takes into account the social security concerned ‘key informant interviews’ for its analysis. The study finds that though the allowance money has increased the purchasing capability of the disabled people but it does not change their status in the households or in the society. But unlike before the disabled people are not thought to be burden in their families. Timely and regular distribution of the allowances by the Upazila social services office satisfies beneficiaries. The respondents recommend to increase the amount of allowance money. Mobile fund transfer system and introducing disability density map could enhance the credibility of the program. If the disabled people are given proper training along with allowance, they will be able to involve themselves in income generating activities and that would be an appropriate initiative for the socio-economic progress of the disabled people.
Page(s): 39-44 Date of Publication: 05 October 2021
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2021.8901Download PDF
A 5 – year (2010 – 2014) retrospective study of dystocia cases presented and managed in veterinary clinics located in north western Nigeria, was carried out using clinical case records. All records containing cases of dystocia were carefully studied and recorded. Dystocia accounted for 0.9% of 31106 cases presented and managed within the study period. A total of 10,351, 14,185 and 6570 cases where reported in Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara respectively. Ovine is the most affected species (74.4%) followed by caprine (20.3%) and lastly bovine (5.3%). The breed of bovine affected with dystocia are sokoto gudali (78.6%) and white fulani (21.4%) while for ovine are yankasa (40%), balami (25.3%), ouda (24.7%) and cross breed (10%). While for caprine are red Sokoto goats (85%) and West African dwarf (15%). Oversized fetus is the common cause in ovine and bovine while for caprine is twinning. Manual traction is the most common management used followed by caesarean section in both ovine and caprine while for bovine is caesarean section. It is recommended that, more work should be done to reduce dystocia occurrence, enlighten people about cross breeding and proper record keeping so as to know the total number of cases recorded.
Page(s): 45-51 Date of Publication: 05 October 2021
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Information communication technology has in particular brought a complete paradigm shift on the bank’s financial performance in the banking industry. The changing dynamics of the banking sector is forcing the financial sectors to reengineer to meet the challenges associated with bank consolidation, rising operational costs, outsourcing, portfolio investment, payments and settlement systems. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of information communication technology products on financial performance. The study was anchored and guided on Innovation Diffusion Theory. The study adopted descriptive research design while the sample comprized 92 respondents. The results revealed that mobile banking and internet banking had a positive and significant effect on financial performance (β = 0.954, p<0.05; β = 0.491, p<0.05). Thus, the study concluded that mobile banking and internet banking positively and significantly affects financial performance. The study recommends that policy makers should consider mobile banking in their formulation of policies because of the technological developments and the expected switch from physical branch networks to technologically supported banking services. Commercial banks also need to emphasize the use of internet banking as this will enhance banks growth and customers saving on time.
Page(s): 52-56 Date of Publication: 10 October 2021
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This study explored the academic performance of learners with hearing impairment at Munali Secondary School, Zambia. The following specific objectives guided the study: (i) describe academic performance of learners with hearing impairment at Munali secondary school, (ii) explore challenges affecting academic performance of learners with hearing impairment at Munali Secondary School, and (iii) explore strategies for improving academic performance of learners with hearing impairment at Munali Secondary School. A qualitative case study was applied. The instruments in data generation were structured interview guide and observation check list. Data was generated from 14 participants. All the participants were sampled using the purposive sampling procedure. Emergent findings indicated that learners with hearing impairment at Munali under-performed academically. The challenges that affected the academic performance were: Language deficit and language delay; unfriendly curriculum; teachers’ incompetence in the language of instruction (Sign Language); and lack of teaching and learning materials in Sign Language. To improve the academic performance of learners with hearing impairment, strategies included: early identification and assessment; conducting Continuous Professional Development meetings to improve sign language; improved training of teachers for learners with hearing impairment in colleges and universities in sign language; and preparing learning and teaching materials in sign language. The findings offer insight into the academic performance of learners with hearing impairment at Munali Secondary School as well as other schools with similar settings.
Page(s): 57-66 Date of Publication: 10 October 2021
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This study investigates the determinant of farmers’ choice of food crops using a multinomial choice of crop selection. The analysis was based on agricultural data obtained from General Household Survey wave 4 for over 5000 farmers planting the six selected food crops (maize, rice, beans, groundnut, yam, cassava) across Nigeria. The climate variables for monthly rainfall and temperature for 1980- 2019 was obtained from Nigeria Meteorological agency. The multinomial logit regression model revealed that climate variables and other variables have varying effects on the probability of the choice of crop selected by farmers. One percent change in the explanatory variable leads to a more than proportionate change in the probability of selecting other crops relative to the maize (reference crops). The partial elasticities of rainfall, farm size are elastic for all the selected crops; labour is elastic for all the other crops and inelastic for rice and groundnut. The partial elasticities for the remaining variables, education, age, distance to market, are generally small in magnitude and are also inelastic. The study revealed that the choices of crop by farmers is sensitive to climate, the change in climate will therefore affect the production of some food crops that are sensitive to the harsh weather.
Page(s): 67-75 Date of Publication: 10 October 2021
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The internet has emerged as a versatile information repository tool that offers immense potential in optimizing the transactional dynamics of teaching and learning. In the context of a developing country such as Nigeria, the Internet is an ubiquitous fixture in the ever expanding electronic learning landscape of the educational system. Hardware infrastructures are in place in schools in Nigeria to enable them to be seamlessly connected to the Internet to tap the wide array of opportunities the Internet affords in providing a digital context of learning that extends cognitive apprenticeship from theoretical settings to applied, active instructional environments. However, having widespread access to Internet technologies doesn’t translate to automatic positive learning gains. The power of technology needs to be combined with the expertise of pedagogy to form a potent partnership that elevates the quality of instructional delivery. This concern becomes particularly problematic when critical information literacy skills underpinning the success of Internet-based learning initiatives are self or peer taught, as it often happens in Nigeria. Information literacy skills are too complex and diverse to be able to be readily learned through self-taught modes of knowledge acquisition by young learners. The baseline study elaborated in this presentation attempts to document the Internet information search proficiencies of a sample of polytechnic students in Nigeria to underscore the importance of systematic, intentional integration of information literacy skills within formal curriculum in schools
Page(s): 76-80 Date of Publication: 12 October 2021
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There is generally an increase incidence of morbidity and mortality rates of road traffic accidents across the world, but majority of the morbidity occur in developing countries, this research is therefore aimed at carrying out a spatiotemporal analysis of incidence of road traffic accident along Lagos/ Abeokuta Expressway, to enable the researcher identify prominent accident spots on the road, identifying accident prevalent time in order to analyse if relationship exist between location, time and prevalent of traffic accident. For the purpose of this research, statistical records were consulted and questionnaire design and randomly distributed to commuters at some notable bus stops. The retrieved questionnaire was analysed and formulated hypotheses were tested using regression statistical tool. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that human, mechanical and environmental characteristics are the salient factors that are responsible for road traffic crashes in the study area, the research therefore recommend a total enforcement of traffic rules and regulation to correct erring drivers and the Government and affected institutions should take the issue of road construction and maintenance more seriously, and in the event of road construction proper diversion and traffic sign should be put in place.
Page(s): 81-91 Date of Publication: 12 October 2021
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Be it in art, gastronomy, architecture or literature, visual appeal plays a vital role in enticing the viewer and conveying the creator’s true thoughts. Particularly in the world of cuisine and writing, these first appearances are crucial to draw the reader’s attention while maintaining an aesthetic sense. To highlight these striking similarities in the use of design elements , this paper compares five desserts created by Michelin Star chefs and five comic strips from the series ‘Calvin and Hobbes’ by Bill Watterson, particularly emphasising on these visual elements and their impact on the viewer.
Page(s): 92-99 Date of Publication: 15 October 2021
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Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). In 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the cause of a disease outbreak that originated in China. Cases of COVID-19 have been reported in a growing number of cities worldwide. Cameroon recorded the first case of the Coronavirus on the 6th of March 2020 and thereafter, there was a geometric increase in the number of cases. In response to this, the government announced firm measures in an effort to curb the exponential increase of the Coronavirus cases in the country. Despite the measures, the number of cases has continued to increase, coupled with other unwanted socio-economic phenomenons. The goal of this study is to examine the challenges to fight Covid-19 in Cameroon urban settlements as with the case of Douala metropolitan city. Data used here was derived from a cross-sectional study conducted in Douala metropolitan town from May to July 2020. Desktop study and field investigations were undertaken using a questionnaire survey. It was revealed that during lockdown, the city witnessed an increase in the number of cases, increase of unemployment, increase in domestic violence, increase of mental health problems, increase in other infectious diseases and delays in other treatments. The study recommends the effective follow-up of the measures put in place by the government as well as all the stakeholders, the financial support of enterprises and an aggressive sensitization of the population.
Page(s): 100-109 Date of Publication: 18 October 2021
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2021.8902Download PDF
No child should have to worry about his or her safety and welfare. Unfortunately, research shows that millions of children around the world are at risk for violence, abuse, and exploitation. There are several threats to the safety of children, most of which are interconnected. Therefore, this study focused on the practices of secondary schools in ensuring the protection of their children in Lusaka district of Lusaka province of Zambia. The study was guided by the following objectives: i). Describe the prevalence of cases of violence, exploitation and sexual abuse among children in secondary schools in Lusaka district. ii). Explore the measures taken to protect children from violence, exploitation and sexual abuse in selected secondary schools. iii). Explore gaps in the actions taken to deal with child protection concerns in selected secondary schools in Lusaka district. This study employed a qualitative methodology guided by a case study design in the light of learned helplessness theory. Additionally, the study adopted systematic and purposive sampling techniques to enrol four secondary schools and to enlist thirty-six (36) participants respectively. The findings of the study revealed that violence, exploitation and sexual abuse are very much prevalent in secondary schools. However, it is difficult to ascertain the prevalence because of under-reporting of these cases by the pupils. Cases of sexual abuse were found to be more prevalent among the girls and cases of physical abuse were more pronounced among the boys. The study also revealed that teachers are usually the perpetrators of these cases. Thus, the following were recommendations among others: i). the government through the Ministry of General Education should strengthen the child protection policies in schools, ii). the government through the Ministry of Higher Education should introduce a course in guidance and counselling.
Page(s): 110-119 Date of Publication: 18 October 2021
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Study Focus: This Study explores some contemporary issues of China-Africa cooperation on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), suggests how some areas of the cooperation among stakeholders should be reformed to improve the status quo and higher the overall image of the China-Africa Education Cooperation. Methodology: The content of this paper relies on written documents (including books, scientific journals, articles, and official reports) from primary and secondary sources most of which are available online as well as on the author’s teaching experience in Chinese and African Universities. Findings: 1) African countries are still lagging behind in terms of STEM basic infrastructures, teaching programs and adequate teachers. 2) Africa’s inability to fill most STEM jobs within industries is of greater concern. The shortage of such workforce is linked to inadequate classroom teaching and learning practices. The stronghold of colonial legacy in formal education of African countries is also to be blame. 3) African governments should create the necessary environment for acquired STEM skills to be applied, otherwise STEM education will remain a waste of time as it is presently the case in several African countries. 4) Despite criticisms on the actual patterns of China-Africa Education Cooperation, China successful story at home should be a great source of inspiration and China’s experience may well be very precious for striving developing African countries. Conclusion & Suggestions: Instead of a continuous donation of STEM equipment to African countries, more Chinese equipment manufacturing industries should outsource and relocate in Africa, more Chinese STEM experts made available, virtual campuses established to speed up the knowledge transfer. Short-time vocational training and recycling of STEM teachers and professionals of African countries should be considered. Most importantly, more funding should be made available at a bilateral level by China to support STEM projects and basic infrastructures development in African countries.
Page(s): 120-126 Date of Publication: 22 October 2021
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2021.8903Download PDF
This research work was carried out to find out if Pupils’ Mathematics Anxiety relate with their Academic Achievement in Mathematics. The study was necessitated to improve on the Mathematics Achievement Scores of Public Primary School Pupils. 3 purposes of study were formulated, 3 research questions guided the study and 3 hypotheses were tested. Correlational research design was adopted for the study. The study had a population of 30,705 (15,256males and 15,449females) primary 5 pupils in the 943 public primary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. The sample size of 1535 (763males and 772females) pupils was drawn using a combination of multi-stage and stratified random sampling techniques. The instruments used for data collection were pupils’ mathematics anxiety questionnaire (PMAQ) and pupils’ annual mathematics achievement scores (PAMAS). The PMAQ was validated by 3 experts in the faculty of education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which gave reliability index of 0.82. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to answer the research questions and used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result obtained revealed an inverse significant relationship between pupils’ mathematics anxiety and their academic achievement in mathematics. Both male and female pupils’ mathematics anxiety significantly relate to their academic achievement in mathematics. It was recommended among others that primary school teachers should use mixed ability grouping method, relate mathematics abstract concepts to real life, and use manipulative – concrete materials during instructions to reduce pupils’ mathematics anxiety.
Page(s): 127-132 Date of Publication: 23 October 2021
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Groundnut is one of the important oil-bearing leguminous crops that contribute significantly to the food and nutrition security of the poor, particularly in Nigeria where it is widely grown. However, climate has an exquisite role in its production which often varied within the year across the globe. Using data for 1200 groundnut farming households from the General Household Survey wave 4 and historical data for temperature, rainfall and groundnut yield in Nigeria from 1981- 2019 gotten from Nigeria Meteorological Agency and Food and Agricultural Organisation respectively; this study assessed the impacts of climate change on mean yield and Net revenue for groundnut production in Nigeria using Feasible Generalized Least Square and Structural Ricardian Approach respectively. This study revealed that 1 ℃ increase in temperature increased groundnut yield and net revenue by 3.316kg and N516.800 per hectare respectively while 1mm increase in rainfall reduced groundnut yield and net revenue by 0.505kg and N516.800 per hectare. The simulated impact of climate change on net revenue using Canadian Climate Change model revealed that the Net revenue generated from groundnut production will reduce by 8.36% with 6.7 ℃ increase in temperature and reduce by 0.60% with 18.4mm decrease in rainfall by 2100. Therefore, proactive and urgent measures should put in place to aid Nigerian groundnut farmers adapt to the present and looming threats of climate change effects on groundnut production.
Page(s): 133-142 Date of Publication: 26 October 2021
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The study was designed to investigate the relationship between climate variables (rainfall and temperature) and yam production across Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to estimate the impact of climate change on yield, and net revenue of yam agriculture in Nigeria and to investigate the potential impact of climate change on yam agriculture in 2050 and 2100 using Parallel Climate Model and the Canadian climate change Model. Data for 1200 yam farming households were sourced from general household survey wave 4 and that of climate variables from 1981 to 2019 collected from Nigeria Meteorological agency. Feasible generalised least square and Ricardian regression models were used to determine the relationship between climate variables, yield and net revenue of yam agriculture. Simulated Ricardian regression models were used to investigate the potential impact of climate change on yam net revenue in 2050 and 2100. The result showed that rainfall had a positive relationship with both yield and net revenue while temperature had a negative relationship with the yield and net revenue, and the infinitesimal change in temperature reduced net revenue while the infinitesimal change in rainfall increases the net revenue. The potential impact of climate change on yam agriculture showed a detriment on the net revenue of yam agriculture by 2100.
Page(s): 143-153 Date of Publication: 26 October 2021
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