Functionality and Design Assessment of Abaca Fiber Stripping Machine

Functionality and Design Assessment of Abaca Fiber Stripping Machine

Venson B. Sarita^1,2,3*, Jonaire M. Bayon^1,3, Elmer T. Bayon^1,3

¹Faculty of Computing, Engineering, and Technology-Davao Oriental State University, City of Mati, Philippines

²Innovation Office- Davao Oriental State University, City of Mati, Philippines

³Bachelor of Industrial Technology Management Program- Davao Oriental State University, City of Mati, Philippines

^*Corresponding Author

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.12020085

Received: 17 February 2025; Accepted: 21 February 2025; Published: 21 March 2025

ABSTRACT

The prototype abaca fiber stripping machine was developed to enhance the efficiency of abaca fiber extraction, improving both productivity and ease of use. The manually operated stripping process remains a bottleneck in abaca fiber production, necessitating mechanization for mass production and labor reduction. The prototype incorporates an electric motor, pulley system, pedal mechanism, spindle, blade, blade adjuster, stripping shaft, pillow block, and safety cover, designed for durability and operational efficiency. Evaluated by industry experts, faculty, and students, the prototype demonstrated high functionality (mean score = 4.79) and design appeal (mean score = 4.81), indicating strong usability and attractiveness. Statistical analyses confirmed the prototype’s reliability and effectiveness in streamlining abaca fiber stripping. The study underscores the potential for technology adoption in abaca production, suggesting further refinement for increased efficiency and commercial viability.

Keywords: abaca fiber, design, functionality, prototype, stripping machine

Recommended citation:

Sarita, V., Bayon J., Bayon E., (2025). Functionality and Design Assessment of Abaca Fiber Stripping Machine.

INTRODUCTION

The abaca industry plays a vital role in the Philippine economy, providing raw materials for various industries including textiles, paper, and composites (PhilFIDA, 2023). Despite its significance, fiber production remains hindered by outdated manual stripping methods, which limit output and increase labor costs (Navarrete & Santos, 2022). Farmers rely on traditional tools that are labor-intensive and inefficient, leading to inconsistent fiber quality and supply shortages (Lopez et al., 2021).

Davao Oriental, a major abaca-producing province, seeks to modernize fiber extraction processes to meet the rising global demand for high-quality abaca fiber (Department of Agriculture, 2022). However, the industry faces challenges such as the lack of appropriate stripping equipment, high labor costs, and inconsistent fiber quality (Bautista et al., 2023). These issues emphasize the need for an innovative and cost-effective solution to enhance production efficiency.

The introduction of mechanized stripping machines presents an opportunity to improve fiber yield and reduce labor dependency. Similar studies on fiber extraction technologies highlight the benefits of automated systems in enhancing productivity and reducing worker fatigue (Gonzales & Ramirez, 2021). Nevertheless, previous models suffer from inefficiencies, such as high power consumption, operational complexities, and costly maintenance (Fernandez & Cruz, 2020).

This study aims to bridge this gap by developing an efficient and user-friendly abaca fiber stripping machine, incorporating an electric-powered mechanism for faster and more consistent fiber extraction. The research specifically evaluates the machine’s functionality, design, and overall effectiveness in improving abaca production processes.

METHODOLOGY

The study employed a descriptive research design, incorporating quantitative assessments of functionality and design. The prototype was tested using experimental and survey methods to evaluate its performance and usability.

Data Collection

The prototype was assessed by 30 respondents, including abaca farmers, industry experts, and faculty members from Davao Oriental State University. A structured survey questionnaire, validated by experts, was used to evaluate the prototype’s efficiency and aesthetic design.

Testing Procedure

The machine was tested under actual operating conditions, simulating real-world fiber stripping scenarios. The prototype’s efficiency, speed, and fiber quality output were recorded.

Data Analysis

Responses were analyzed using frequency counts, mean scores, and standard deviations to determine the prototype’s effectiveness. A Likert-scale rating system was used, with 5 as “Strongly Agree” and 1 as “Strongly Disagree.”

Assessment Guide

Score/Rating	Responses
5	Strongly Agree
4	Agree
3	Undecided
2	Disagree
1	Strongly Disagree

The scores for each variable had their corresponding description were as follows:

Functionality

Score/Rating	Responses	Description Rating
1.00 – 1.49	Strongly Disagree	Very Unfunctional
1.50 – 2.49	Disagree	Unfunctional
2.50 – 3.49	Undecided	Undecided
3.50 – 4.49	Agree	Functional
4.50 – 5.00	Strongly Agree	Very Functional

Aesthetics and Design

Score/Rating	Responses	Description Rating
1.00 – 1.49	Strongly Disagree	Very Unattractive
1.50 – 2.49	Disagree	Unattractive
2.50 – 3.49	Undecided	Undecided
3.50 – 4.49	Agree	Attractive
4.50 – 5.00	Strongly Agree	Very Attractive

Ethical Considerations

This study adhered to the highest ethical standards in conducting research. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their involvement in the study, ensuring they were fully aware of the purpose, procedures, and potential risks. Participants were assured of their anonymity and confidentiality, with all data securely stored and used solely for research purposes. No participant was subjected to harm, and they were free to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1: Functionality Evaluation

Characteristic	Mean	Remarks
Portability	4.70	Very Functional
Ease of Operation	4.73	Very Functional
Speed of Stripping	4.77	Very Functional
Operational Efficiency	4.75	Very Functional
Manipulation Ease	4.85	Very Functional
Overall Mean	4.79	Very Functional

The evaluation results indicate that the prototype significantly enhances abaca fiber stripping efficiency. The high ratings for ease of operation and portability suggest that users find the machine convenient and adaptable to their needs. According to Gonzales & Ramirez (2021), mechanized fiber stripping improves worker productivity and ensures uniform fiber quality. The high ratings for speed and efficiency further support the claim that the machine streamlines production processes, making it a viable alternative to manual stripping methods (Fernandez & Cruz, 2020).

The functionality evaluation results indicate that the abaca fiber stripping machine significantly enhances stripping efficiency, achieving an overall mean of 4.79. The highest ratings were observed in manipulation ease (4.85) and fiber stripping speed (4.77), confirming that the machine allows for faster and more consistent fiber extraction. Previous research suggests that mechanized stripping improves productivity and reduces manual effort, aligning with the results obtained in this study (Gonzales & Ramirez, 2021). The high mean scores in portability and ease of operation further reinforce that the machine is user-friendly and adaptable for small-scale farmers (Fernandez & Cruz, 2020).

Table 2: Design Evaluation

Characteristic	Mean	Remarks
Durability	4.80	Very Attractive
Safety Features	4.80	Very Attractive
Proper Assembly	4.83	Very Attractive
Efficient Space Utilization	4.78	Very Attractive
Overall Mean	4.81	Very Attractive

The design evaluation confirms that the prototype is well-constructed, safe, and visually appealing. The durability and proper assembly of the components contribute to the machine’s long-term usability. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of ergonomic design in agricultural machinery to minimize operator fatigue and enhance user safety (Navarrete & Santos, 2022). The high mean ratings indicate that the machine adheres to these principles, ensuring its acceptance by end users.

The design evaluation results confirm that the prototype is well-constructed and highly functional, with an overall mean rating of 4.81. The high ratings for durability (4.80) and proper assembly (4.83) indicate that the machine is built with quality materials that ensure longevity and sustained efficiency. Safety features were also rated highly (4.80), demonstrating that the prototype minimizes risks for operators. Studies on agricultural mechanization emphasize the importance of durability and safety to encourage technology adoption among farmers (Navarrete & Santos, 2022). The high mean rating for space efficiency (4.78) further supports the notion that the machine can be easily integrated into existing abaca farming operations without requiring extensive modifications.

Overall, the results demonstrate that the abaca fiber stripping machine meets industry standards for efficiency, durability, and ease of use. The positive feedback from respondents validates its potential for commercial application, providing a feasible alternative to manual fiber stripping methods. Further refinements, such as optimizing the blade mechanism and enhancing power efficiency, may improve performance even further. The integration of this mechanized system in abaca production could significantly contribute to the industry’s growth by increasing output, reducing labor costs, and improving fiber quality (Bautista et al., 2023).

DESIGN

Essential Components

• Electric motor
• Pulley
• Pedal
• Spindle
• Blade
• Blade Adjuster
• Body/Stand
• Stripping Shaft
• Pillow Block
• Safety Cover
• Switch

Figure 1. Design of the Abaca Fiber Stripping Machine showing its essential components

Operating Procedure

• Check the machine for any obstructed parts.
• Plug-in the motor for power.
• Push the switch button to operate.
• Step on the pedal to open the blade.
• Place and insert the abaca fiber into the blade.
• Wind the abaca fiber into the spindle.
• Position yourself to get a good force and timing for stripping.
• Place and hang the stripped abaca fiber.

The abaca fiber stripping machine consists of several essential components designed to optimize its efficiency and ease of operation. The electric motor serves as the main power source, ensuring a steady and reliable force for fiber stripping. The pulley system transfers this power between different mechanical parts, enhancing machine performance. The pedal mechanism allows the operator to control the opening and closing of the blade, facilitating smooth operation and precision in fiber stripping. Additionally, the spindle functions as a winding mechanism, ensuring that the stripped fibers are collected properly without tangling or breakage.

The machine also incorporates a high-quality blade, which is essential for the actual stripping process. The blade adjuster provides flexibility in modifying the blade spacing, allowing different fiber thicknesses to be accommodated. The body/stand provides structural support, ensuring stability during operation. The stripping shaft is responsible for power transmission, facilitating smooth motion during the stripping process. Furthermore, the pillow block acts as a support for rotating shafts, ensuring the durability and longevity of moving parts. The safety cover protects the user from potential hazards, while the switch allows for seamless operation control.

To operate the machine effectively, users must follow a systematic procedure. First, all components must be checked for any obstructions before powering on the motor. Once the machine is switched on, the operator steps on the pedal to open the blade and insert the abaca fiber. The fiber is then wound onto the spindle, and the operator applies controlled force to ensure a smooth stripping process. Finally, the stripped fiber is collected and properly hung for drying. This structured operating procedure ensures maximum efficiency, reducing labor while maintaining fiber quality.

By integrating these components, the machine enhances productivity and usability in abaca fiber processing. The mechanization not only speeds up the production process but also reduces physical strain on workers, leading to a more sustainable and efficient fiber production system. The essential components and their functionalities align with best practices in fiber extraction, as supported by research in agricultural mechanization (Navarrete & Santos, 2022).

Engineering Method in Machine Design and Development

The development of the abaca fiber stripping machine follows a structured engineering design process to ensure efficiency, durability, and safety. This process involves the following key stages:

1. Problem Identification – The need for a mechanized solution to improve the efficiency and consistency of abaca fiber stripping was identified. Manual stripping methods are labor-intensive and inconsistent.
2. Conceptualization – Preliminary design concepts were developed, considering ergonomics, efficiency, and ease of use.
3. Feasibility Study – Initial calculations and material selection were performed to assess the viability of the design.
4. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Modeling and Structural Analysis – A 3D model of the machine was created using CAD software to analyze the structural integrity of components under operational stress.
5. Prototyping – A prototype was fabricated based on the refined design.
6. Testing and Evaluation – The prototype underwent testing to assess performance in terms of speed, durability, and usability.
7. Optimization – Design refinements were made based on test results and user feedback.

Structural Analysis Using CAD Software

A CAD-based structural analysis was conducted to evaluate the design integrity and optimize key components. The following aspects were analyzed:

• Load Distribution – Ensuring the machine can withstand forces during operation.
• Material Stress and Strain – Assessing the durability of the spindle, blade, and stripping shaft.
• Ergonomics – Evaluating ease of access to controls and safe operation.

Results from the CAD analysis confirmed that the structural design could endure repeated use without significant wear or failure. Stress simulations indicated that using high-carbon steel for the blade and aluminum alloy for the body provided an optimal balance between strength and weight.

CONCLUSION

The abaca fiber stripping machine was developed to address the inefficiencies of manual fiber extraction. The evaluation results demonstrate that the prototype significantly enhances stripping efficiency, achieving an overall functionality mean of 4.79. This supports the findings of previous studies, which highlight the role of mechanization in improving fiber production (Gonzales & Ramirez, 2021).

Furthermore, the aesthetic and design evaluation confirms that the machine is durable, safe, and well-constructed, with an overall mean rating of 4.81. This suggests that the prototype is not only efficient but also meets industry standards for safety and usability (Navarrete & Santos, 2022).

The implementation of an electric motor in the prototype significantly increases productivity, ensuring a continuous and stable stripping force. This innovation aligns with efforts to modernize abaca farming, reducing dependency on manual labor and improving overall fiber yield (Lopez et al., 2021).

Despite its strengths, further refinements in blade efficiency and motor power optimization are recommended to enhance its performance. Additionally, expanding field tests across different abaca varieties will help validate the machine’s versatility (Fernandez & Cruz, 2020).

Overall, the study underscores the importance of technological adoption in abaca farming. The prototype presents a promising solution for improving fiber stripping efficiency, reducing labor costs, and increasing abaca production output (Bautista et al., 2023).

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Further refinement of the machine’s blade and motor efficiency to optimize fiber output.
2. Expansion of testing to different abaca varieties to ensure consistent performance.
3. Conduct cost-benefit analyses to determine commercial feasibility.
4. Train farmers on proper usage and maintenance to maximize longevity.
5. Seek patent protection and industry collaborations for potential commercialization.

REFERENCES

1. Bautista, R., et al. (2023). “Advancements in Abaca Processing Technologies.” Philippine Agricultural Journal, 18(2), 45-56.
2. Department of Agriculture. (2022). “Philippine Abaca Industry Roadmap 2022-2028.” Manila, Philippines: Department of Agriculture.
3. Fernandez, M., & Cruz, P. (2020). “Mechanization in the Fiber Industry: Prospects and Challenges.” Asian Agricultural Review, 25(1), 33-49.
4. Gonzales, J., & Ramirez, L. (2021). “Assessing Fiber Extraction Methods for Sustainable Agriculture.” Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 19(4), 112-126.
5. Lopez, D., et al. (2021). “Impact of Traditional Processing Methods on Abaca Fiber Quality.” International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 27(3), 78-92.
6. Navarrete, S., & Santos, C. (2022). “Modernizing Abaca Farming through Technological Innovations.” Philippine Journal of Agricultural Science, 30(2), 90-105.
7. PhilFIDA. (2023). “Annual Report on the Status of the Abaca Industry in the Philippines.” Quezon City, Philippines: PhilFIDA.