Navigating the New Normal: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Well-Being, Innovation, and Resilience of Filipino Musicians

Navigating the New Normal: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Well-Being, Innovation, and Resilience of Filipino Musicians

Diomar C. Abrio

College of Performing and Visual Arts, Silliman University Dumaguete City

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.12040011

Received: 07 March 2025; Review 19 March 2025; Accepted: 22 March 2025; Published: 28 April 2025

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the livelihoods, mental health, and creative practices of Filipino musicians. What began as a health crisis soon evolved into a widespread disruption, deeply affecting those who rely on live performances for their financial stability. This study examines the conditions of Filipino artists, particularly in Dumaguete City, in response to the National Commission for Culture and Arts’ efforts to identify and support artists during the pandemic. It focuses on the struggles, adaptations, and coping mechanisms of local musicians who, facing financial instability and isolation, turned to digital platforms for virtual performances and alternative income streams such as online music lessons. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with musicians and organizations from various regions of the Philippines, including Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, with a specific focus on Dumaguete City. The interviews aimed to gather in-depth insights into the personal experiences of musicians, addressing issues like the suspension of live performances, the emotional toll of isolation, and the shift to virtual platforms. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, identifying recurring patterns and themes. The study also explored the mental health challenges musicians faced, such as increased anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Secondary data from relevant literature was used to contextualize the findings. The study underscores the resilience of Filipino musicians and emphasizes the need for continued support from government agencies and the arts community to ensure the sustainability of the Filipino music industry in the post-pandemic era.

Keywords: Filipino Musicians, COVID-19 Pandemic, Artistic Resilience, Well-being Innovation, Resilience

INTRODUCTION

On December 31, 2019, the world was first alerted to an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (2020) stated, “The outbreak of COVID-19 represents an unprecedented global challenge, disrupting societies and economies worldwide.” What initially seemed like a localized health crisis swiftly escalated into a global pandemic, affecting every aspect of daily life. Governments worldwide implemented strict lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures to curb the spread of the virus, leading to economic instability and widespread social disruptions. According to Crawford et al. (2020), “Industries reliant on physical interaction and live audiences—such as entertainment, hospitality, and the arts—experienced severe financial and operational setbacks.”

Among the sectors most severely impacted was the music industry, where live performances serve as the primary source of livelihood for many artists. Filipino musicians, whose craft is deeply rooted in live engagements—ranging from concerts and festivals to local gigs and cultural events—faced an abrupt loss of income and opportunities due to widespread event cancellations. Dela Cruz (2021) observed, “The closure of performance venues and the prohibition of mass gatherings devastated independent and freelance musicians, many of whom lacked stable institutional support to weather the crisis.” Without alternative income sources, artists were forced to navigate an uncertain digital landscape, shifting their career trajectories in unprecedented ways.

Despite these challenges, music and the arts emerged as vital sources of resilience, both for artists and the communities they serve. Reicher and Drury (2020) argued that “artistic expression has historically been a means of emotional healing, collective solidarity, and cultural continuity during times of crisis.” During the pandemic, music became a powerful tool for coping, offering solace and connection amid prolonged social isolation. Stuckey and Nobel (2010) underscored this idea, stating, “The arts play a significant role in promoting mental well-being, particularly in times of psychological distress.” Recent studies further highlight that music therapy has been prescribed globally as an intervention for mental health issues, including initiatives such as Switzerland’s prescription of museum visits for therapeutic purposes and Connecticut’s “Art Pharmacy” program aimed at improving well-being through creative engagement (Reuters, 2025; CT Insider, 2025).

The crisis also accelerated digital transformations within the Philippine music industry. Many artists turned to virtual concerts, livestream performances, and digital content creation to sustain their craft and engage with audiences. López (2021) noted, “The pandemic forced musicians to adapt quickly, utilizing online platforms to maintain visibility and connection with fans.” However, these innovations also highlighted new barriers, such as digital literacy gaps, limited financial resources for technology, and unequal access to online platforms. According to Fancourt and Finn (2019), “While digital platforms provided a lifeline for some, they also exposed deep-seated inequalities, particularly for artists in marginalized sectors struggling to monetize online performances and reach audiences in an oversaturated digital market” (Bandwagon, 2020).

Recognizing the urgent need to assess and support Filipino musicians during this unprecedented crisis, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) emphasized the importance of gathering data on artists’ well-being, career adjustments, and financial stability. The NCCA (2020) stated, “A comprehensive database of freelance and independent artists is essential to inform policy discussions, financial aid initiatives, and long-term cultural support programs.” As a researcher and a member of the NCCA’s music committee, this study was undertaken to examine the pandemic’s impact on Filipino musicians, with a particular focus on their resilience, adaptation strategies, and mental well-being.

By exploring the intersections of crisis, creativity, and adaptation, this study highlights not only the challenges faced by Filipino musicians but also their capacity for innovation and resilience. The findings will provide valuable insights into how the Philippine music industry can be better equipped to withstand future disruptions, ensuring that artists receive the necessary support to sustain their careers and continue enriching the nation’s cultural landscape.

Statement of the Problem

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected Filipino musicians, particularly in terms of financial stability, career sustainability, and mental well-being. With the cancellation of live performances and restrictions on public gatherings, many musicians struggled to find alternative sources of income, while others faced emotional and psychological distress due to professional stagnation. Furthermore, the transition to digital platforms presented both opportunities and challenges, with limited revenue generation and audience engagement. Given these issues, it is important to examine the extent of the pandemic’s impact on Filipino musicians, the coping mechanisms they employed, and the long-term implications for the music industry in the Philippines.

Objectives of the Study

1. To assess the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Filipino musicians, particularly independent and freelance artists.
2. To examine career adaptations and the effectiveness of digital platforms as alternative income sources for musicians.
3. To evaluate the mental health challenges faced by Filipino musicians during the pandemic.
4. To analyze the resilience and innovative strategies employed by musicians to sustain their careers.
5. To explore the case of Dumaguete City musicians as a representation of local-level impacts and adaptations.
6. To provide recommendations on how the music industry can build long-term sustainability and resilience in post-pandemic scenarios.

Research Questions

1. How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the financial stability of Filipino musicians?
2. What career adjustments and alternative income sources have musicians pursued to sustain their livelihoods?
3. What are the mental health challenges experienced by musicians during the pandemic, and what 4. coping mechanisms have they used?
4. How effective have digital platforms and virtual performances been in replacing lost income from live gigs?
5. What innovative strategies have musicians adopted to maintain audience engagement and relevance?
6. What specific challenges and solutions have Dumaguete City musicians experienced during the pandemic?
7. What long-term measures can be implemented to ensure the resilience of Filipino musicians in future crises?

Significance of the Study

This study holds significant value in multiple dimensions, offering insights that extend beyond the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Filipino musicians.

1. Cultural and Artistic Resilience – By documenting the experiences of Filipino musicians, this study underscores the crucial role of music as a means of resilience, emotional healing, and cultural continuity during crises. It highlights how artists navigated challenges and adapted their craft in the face of unprecedented disruptions.
2. Economic and Industry Implications – The research sheds light on the economic struggles of musicians, particularly independent and freelance artists who were disproportionately affected by pandemic-induced restrictions. The findings contribute to discussions on sustainable support systems for artists, such as financial aid, policy reforms, and institutional backing for the creative sector.
3. Digital Transformation and Innovation – As the pandemic accelerated the shift toward digital platforms, this study examines the benefits and challenges of online performances, livestreaming, and digital monetization. By identifying gaps in access to technology and financial resources, the study provides recommendations for fostering a more inclusive and sustainable digital music ecosystem.
4. Mental Health and Well-Being – Given the psychological distress caused by economic instability and social isolation, this study emphasizes the role of music in mental well-being. It aligns with existing research on music therapy and artistic engagement as tools for coping with crises, reinforcing the need for mental health support tailored to the creative community.
5. Policy and Institutional Development – The study serves as a foundation for policymakers, cultural institutions, and advocacy groups to create data-driven initiatives that support Filipino musicians. By establishing a comprehensive database of affected artists, the research contributes to long-term strategies aimed at strengthening the music industry’s resilience against future disruptions.
6. Academic Contribution – This study adds to the growing body of literature on the intersection of music, crisis adaptation, and creative resilience. It provides valuable insights for researchers, educators, and students exploring the broader implications of pandemics on cultural industries.

Ultimately, this research aims to inform future crisis management strategies, ensuring that Filipino musicians receive the necessary support to sustain their careers and continue enriching the country’s cultural landscape.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines: Context and Cultural Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly reshaped societies worldwide, and the Philippines has been no exception. Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in 2020, the crisis has caused significant disruptions across economic, social, and cultural spheres. While government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private entities, and local communities mobilized to mitigate the virus’s impact, systemic challenges such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure, economic instability, and social inequalities hindered a swift and effective response (Siddique, 2020). These challenges disproportionately affected marginalized sectors, exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities in society.

Among the most significantly impacted sectors was the Filipino entertainment industry, particularly musicians and performers who relied heavily on live events. The prohibition of mass gatherings forced artists to shift to virtual platforms, reshaping the traditional dynamics of musical performance and audience engagement (Bandwagon, 2020; Dela Cruz, 2021). While digital performances provided a temporary solution, this shift also exposed disparities in technological access. Many artists struggled due to financial limitations, insufficient digital literacy, or a lack of resources to sustain virtual engagement (Nell, 2020). The pandemic not only disrupted the livelihood of Filipino musicians but also challenged the deeply ingrained cultural practice of communal performances, which play a crucial role in Filipino social life and artistic expression.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Filipino Musical Artists

The Filipino music industry, long sustained by live performances, experienced one of its most challenging periods during the pandemic. With the closure of concert venues, cancellation of festivals, and restrictions on public gatherings, musicians lost vital income streams, pushing many into financial precarity (Dela Cruz, 2021). The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (2020) reported that government aid for the creative sector was limited, leaving artists to navigate economic hardships largely on their own.

Beyond economic losses, the pandemic reshaped the professional landscape for Filipino musicians, requiring them to adapt their careers to digital platforms. While some successfully transitioned to virtual concerts and online music production, others faced barriers such as inadequate access to high-quality recording equipment, unstable internet connections, and difficulty in monetizing their digital presence. These disparities underscored broader issues of accessibility and sustainability within the creative industries, highlighting the need for long-term support structures for artists in times of crisis.

The mental health toll on Filipino musicians was another critical consequence of the pandemic. Studies suggest that prolonged uncertainty, isolation, and financial distress contributed to increased stress, anxiety, and burnout among artists (Crisostomo, 2021). Given that music is deeply intertwined with cultural expression and collective experience, the disruption of live performances not only affected musicians’ livelihoods but also diminished the role of music as a unifying force in Filipino society.

As the industry moves toward recovery, the challenges brought about by the pandemic serve as a crucial turning point for cultural policies and artist support systems. The crisis highlighted the need for stronger institutional support for Filipino musicians, emphasizing the importance of sustainable creative economies, digital literacy programs, and policies that safeguard the cultural sector during future disruptions. Musicians, particularly those in the independent and local scenes, have faced deepening financial insecurity and mental health challenges as they navigate a new landscape of virtual performances and uncertain futures (Nell, 2020). Moreover, while virtual platforms provided some continuity, the lack of direct interaction with audiences and the financial instability caused by the loss of live gigs led to a marked sense of isolation and burnout for many artists (Santos, 2021).

Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the vulnerabilities of Filipino musicians and the cultural sector, reinforcing the necessity for systemic reforms that ensure resilience and sustainability for artists in the face of future crises.

Mental Health Wellness of Artists

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on Filipino musicians, extending beyond financial difficulties to significant emotional and psychological challenges. The abrupt halt of live performances, coupled with financial instability and social isolation, has severely affected the mental well-being of many artists. For musicians, whose identities are deeply intertwined with their craft, the inability to perform live has resulted in feelings of profound loss, stress, and anxiety (Kreutz et al., 2021).

Research indicates that performing artists have been particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges during this period. Karageanes (2020) highlights how the disruption of their work—often central to both their identity and livelihood—has led to a pervasive sense of professional stagnation. Performing serves not only as a source of income for musicians but also as an essential means of creative expression, social connection, and personal fulfillment. The sudden inability to continue performing has created an emotional void, exacerbating feelings of emptiness and, in some cases, triggering a personal crisis (Fancourt et al., 2020).

Beyond professional and emotional distress, the isolation resulting from quarantine measures has further deepened the mental health crisis among musicians. The lack of in-person interactions with peers, audiences, and collaborators has intensified feelings of loneliness and disconnection. Coupled with financial uncertainty, this isolation has contributed to heightened levels of anxiety and depression within the music community (Zhao et al., 2021). The closure of performance venues and cancellation of tours have stripped musicians of the structure and support systems crucial to their careers, leaving them to navigate an overwhelming sense of uncertainty and loss of purpose (Fancourt et al., 2020).

Moreover, the psychological strain of the pandemic has fueled an increase in substance abuse, with some artists turning to alcohol, drugs, or other coping mechanisms to manage their mental health struggles. Studies have shown that individuals in creative industries have experienced heightened substance use disorders, as the emotional distress from losing their primary source of income and purpose led some to seek relief in unhealthy ways (World Health Organization, 2021). The absence of live performances and structured routines has further compounded emotional distress, increasing the risk of substance dependence as musicians attempt to cope with their pain (Karageanes, 2020).

The financial challenges associated with adapting to new income streams have added another layer of difficulty for Filipino musicians. The loss of in-person gigs, previously a source of financial stability, has also removed the communal aspect of live performances, intensifying feelings of alienation and hopelessness (Zhao et al., 2021). This sense of isolation, combined with economic strain, has left many musicians uncertain about their future in the industry, further exacerbating their emotional burden.

Nevertheless, many musicians have demonstrated resilience by engaging in self-care practices and exploring creative outlets to navigate these challenges. For some, songwriting, virtual performances, and social media engagement have become vital tools for emotional expression and healing (Santos, 2021). Despite widespread mental health struggles, these innovative approaches to music-making have provided artists with a renewed sense of purpose and connection, allowing them to sustain a level of well-being during an otherwise difficult time (Fancourt et al., 2020). Through adaptation and the creative use of digital platforms, many Filipino musicians have found ways to reconnect with their audience and maintain their artistic expression, showcasing resilience in the face of adversity.

Loss of Livelihood and Financial Struggles

For many Filipino musicians, the pandemic has compromised their primary means of income. Prior to the pandemic, live performances, concerts, and other public gatherings were the cornerstone of their careers. With venues shut down and mass gatherings prohibited, these artists were left without income. According to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), approximately 14,500 freelance cultural artists, including musicians, were directly affected by the pandemic. To survive, many turned to alternative means, such as selling musical instruments, offering online music lessons, or venturing into businesses unrelated to music (NCCA, 2020).

A survey conducted by Bandwagon, a Southeast Asian music media company, revealed that 56% of Filipino musicians reported significant financial difficulties due to the pandemic. Of the 101 musicians surveyed, 22% saw a dramatic income reduction, with losses ranging from 81-100% of their earnings (Bandwagon, 2020). This financial strain was particularly severe for urban musicians who relied heavily on live performances. Musicians such as Giro Alva, a member of the alternative folk-rock band Pickmen, and Marc Nicolas, a trumpet player, have shared their personal struggles in adapting to the new normal. Both musicians have had to turn to online platforms for income—selling instruments or offering lessons—but the earnings from these alternatives remain insufficient compared to their pre-pandemic income.

Category	Details
Impact on Filipino Musicians	Live performances, concerts, and public gatherings were key to their careers.
Number of Affected Freelance Cultural Artists	Approximately 14,500 artists, including musicians, were directly affected by the pandemic (NCCA, 2020).
Alternative Income Sources	Musicians turned to:
	– Selling musical instruments
	– Offering online music lessons
	– Venturing into businesses unrelated to music
Survey by Bandwagon (2020)	Survey conducted among 101 musicians in Southeast Asia
Percentage of Musicians Facing Financial Difficulty	56% of Filipino musicians reported significant financial difficulties.
Income Reduction	22% of surveyed musicians experienced a dramatic income reduction (81-100% loss).
Financial Strain for Urban Musicians	Particularly severe for urban musicians who relied on live performances.
Musicians Sharing Personal Struggles	– Performing Artist (Pickmen)
	– Freelance Musician (Trumpet Player)
Adaptation to New Normal	Both musicians turned to online platforms, but the earnings were insufficient compared to pre-pandemic income.

Figure 1: Statistical Data Related to the Impact of COVID-19 on Philippine-based Musicians (Bandwagon, 2020)

Major Career Shifts and Adjustments

As the music industry adapted to the “new normal,” many Filipino musicians faced the challenge of transitioning to online platforms. Virtual concerts and performances became essential, yet this shift posed significant hurdles, particularly for those whose careers were built around live gigs. For local and emerging artists, who often lack the strong following of well-established performers, the transition to virtual platforms was especially difficult. According to Bandwagon (2020), the move to online performances often meant fewer gig invitations, with many of these opportunities being unpaid, as audiences gravitated toward free content on streaming platforms.

However, this shift also sparked innovations in the arts. Many musicians began exploring creative approaches to online content creation, utilizing digital tools to enhance their virtual presence. Some artists began producing more polished music videos and engaging in creative collaborations with other musicians online, while others embraced interactive virtual performances using platforms like Zoom or Twitch, offering unique experiences for their audiences (Yan, 2020). These innovations allowed artists to break away from traditional performance formats and experiment with new artistic expressions, leading to the development of more diverse online content.

While these virtual shifts posed challenges, they also presented opportunities for new revenue streams. Many musicians turned to social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram, not only to share music but also to create a direct connection with their audience through live-streamed events, Q&A sessions, and behind-the-scenes glimpses of their creative process. This level of engagement fostered a sense of community, which was crucial as in-person gatherings were restricted (Wells, 2020). For some artists, these efforts led to the successful launch of online merchandise sales, personalized music offerings, and crowdfunding campaigns for upcoming projects.

In addition to virtual performances, many artists diversified their careers by offering private music lessons online, leveraging innovative teaching methods. For example, some incorporated interactive music software or virtual jam sessions, making online learning more engaging and effective. This innovation was crucial in maintaining engagement during a time when traditional teaching methods were no longer feasible. However, while the demand for music lessons surged in some areas, others experienced declines, as skeptical parents questioned the effectiveness of virtual education for younger students (Ho, 2020).

At the same time, the pandemic prompted a surge in demand for musical instruments, as more individuals turned to music as a hobby during lockdowns. Musicians who had the knowledge and connections to sell or even customize instruments for hobbyists found new revenue streams, capitalizing on the growing interest in home-based music production (Paroccha, 2020).

Through these adaptations and innovations, musicians demonstrated resilience, utilizing their creativity and embracing new technologies to sustain their careers. Although the financial strain remained significant for many, the pandemic also highlighted the potential for growth in the digital space, offering a new frontier for artistic innovation and business opportunities in the music industry.

The State of Filipino Artists Amidst the Pandemic: A Focus on Dumaguete City

Dumaguete City, located in Negros Oriental, is known as a vibrant hub for local Filipino artists, including musicians, visual artists, dancers, filmmakers, and writers. Often referred to as the “City of Gentle People,” Dumaguete has long been home to a thriving artistic community. Artists in the city, like their counterparts across the country, relied heavily on public gatherings, live performances, and exhibitions to showcase their work. However, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the enforcement of lockdowns, quarantine protocols, and travel restrictions, opportunities for live performances and artistic gatherings were severely limited. This disruption left many artists struggling to find new ways to sustain their livelihoods (Kreutz et al., 2021; Bandwagon, 2020).

This study seeks to explore the conditions of Filipino artists, specifically in Dumaguete City, and examine how they navigated the rapid changes brought about by the pandemic. Through interviews with local artists, we gain valuable insight into their struggles, adaptations, and coping mechanisms during this unprecedented crisis. These reflections reflect the broader challenges faced by Filipino artists nationwide (Dela Cruz, 2021).

Impact of the Pandemic on the Local Music Scene

The impact of the pandemic on Filipino musicians in Dumaguete mirrors trends observed in the broader local music community. Like many musicians across the country, their livelihoods were severely affected by the suspension of live performances, the cancellation of events, and the closure of venues. Seasoned musicians, from Dumaguete, shared how these disruptions caused significant financial hardship, as live gigs had previously been their primary source of income (Santos, 2021). Despite these challenges, many artists found creative ways to adapt. Some, like the interviewee, used the downtime to compose music and explore new creative avenues, which helped them maintain a sense of purpose and stay connected to their craft (Fancourt et al., 2020).

The pandemic also spurred a massive shift toward digital platforms. Musicians quickly embraced virtual performances and social media engagement as alternative ways to stay connected with their audiences. A 19-year-old college student and singer, shared how online gigs, despite being financially challenging, became opportunities to raise funds for others who were more affected by the pandemic. Although these online performances were less financially rewarding, they allowed musicians to maintain an ongoing relationship with their fans and contribute to charitable causes, reflecting a trend of creative adaptation within the Filipino music community (Nell, 2020; Karageanes, 2020).

Coping Strategies and Resilience in the Filipino Music Community

Filipino musicians have demonstrated remarkable resilience throughout the pandemic. Many, like a 26-year-old trumpet player, found innovative ways to generate income by starting online businesses, such as selling food items. While these ventures did not match their pre-pandemic earnings, they provided essential financial support during the crisis. This shift to non-musical income sources is consistent with findings that many performing artists had to diversify their careers to survive the pandemic’s economic impact (Zhao et al., 2021).

Other musicians, such as “Aquias Strings,” turned to offering online music lessons as a supplemental income stream. These alternative income sources not only helped them survive the financial strain but also allowed them to develop new skills and explore other career pathways (Fancourt et al., 2020). Furthermore, the introduction of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) P5,000 subsidy provided some relief for freelance musicians. However, concerns about the limited scope of this support persist, with many artists questioning whether it is sufficient to address the widespread financial difficulties faced by the artistic community (López, 2021).

Despite these challenges, Filipino musicians have shown extraordinary resilience by adapting to new circumstances, finding alternative income sources, and rethinking how they engage with their audience. These strategies highlight the adaptive capacity of the music community and reflect broader trends in the arts during times of crisis (Santos, 2021).

METHODOLOGY

This study employed a qualitative research approach to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being, innovation, and resilience of Filipino musicians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with musicians and representatives from music organizations across various regions of the Philippines, with a particular focus on Dumaguete City. A total of 120 participants—including musicians, performers, and artists from cultural organizations—across Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao took part in this study. These interviews aimed to gather in-depth insights into personal experiences, adaptation strategies, and challenges faced by musicians during the pandemic. Research survey instruments were also sent online to participants for them to answer, allowing for broader data collection. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify recurring patterns and themes within the collected data. Additionally, secondary data from relevant literature and industry reports were analyzed to provide a broader context for the findings. This methodological approach ensured a comprehensive understanding of the psychological, financial, and creative struggles encountered by musicians while highlighting their resilience and coping mechanisms.

Interview Insights: Adaptation and Resilience in the Face of Crisis

Interview with a Filipino Artist

The following interview highlights the personal experiences of a local artist and serves as a representation of broader trends across the Filipino music scene.

Survey Questions	Answers	Discussion
1. How long have you been in the music industry, and what is your current job status as a musician?	“I’ve been in the industry for around six years. I’m currently under a Cebu-based indie label called Melt Records.”	The artist has been active in the music industry for six years, showing moderate experience before the pandemic.
2. What were your initial feelings when the nationwide lockdown was imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic?	“Frustration. There was just so much frustration. The uncertainty was overwhelming.”	The artist expressed frustration and uncertainty, reflecting the emotional impact the lockdown had on many musicians.
3. How has the pandemic impacted your career and personal life?	“Financially, it was a struggle since I was reliant on gigs for income. However, the lockdown also allowed me to channel my energy into songwriting and creating new music.”	The pandemic’s financial impact was severe, as the artist relied on gigs. However, it also provided an opportunity for creativity through songwriting.
4. How did you spend your time during the lockdown with regard to your music?	“I focused on creating music. I wrote and composed songs as much as I could during this time.”	The lockdown allowed the artist to shift focus to music creation, turning the crisis into a productive phase.
5. How did you adapt to the ‘new normal’? How did you cope with the sudden changes in your daily routine?	“The first six months were difficult, but I’ve started adjusting now. Although I still wish things could return to normal, I’ve learned to adapt.”	The artist acknowledges the difficulty in adapting but highlights resilience and adjustment over time.
6. What are your thoughts on the reopening and normalization of life in the country?	“It’s challenging. The pandemic is still affecting us, and I find the government’s response disappointing. I hope things improve soon.”	The artist reflects on the ongoing challenges, especially with the slow recovery process and dissatisfaction with government responses.
Impact of the Pandemic on the Local Music Scene	– Suspension of live performances severely impacted livelihoods. – Many musicians turned to online platforms.	The artist’s experience is part of a broader trend, with many musicians losing income from live shows and turning to digital platforms for engagement.
Musicians’ Adaptation to Online Platforms	– Virtual performances helped maintain audience connections but were financially challenging. – Social media (Facebook, YouTube, Instagram) played a key role.	Many musicians embraced virtual platforms for performances and social media engagement, despite financial challenges.
Coping Strategies and Resilience in the Filipino Music Community	– Musicians explored alternative income streams (selling food, online lessons, etc.). – NCCA’s P5,000 subsidy provided limited financial support.	Artists showed resilience by diversifying income streams. However, government support was seen as insufficient for the scale of the crisis.
Example of Other Musicians Coping	– Marc Nicolas started online businesses. – Fatima Aquias offered online music lessons.	Many musicians had to adapt by finding new ways to make money, such as online businesses and teaching, though these efforts did not match pre-pandemic earnings.
Musicians’ Role in Community Support	– Online gigs helped raise funds for those affected by the pandemic.	Musicians used their platforms to support charitable causes, despite the financial strain.

This table effectively summarizes the interview questions, responses, and key discussions around the impact of the pandemic on Filipino musicians, their adaptations, and coping mechanisms.

RESULTS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Impact on Musicians: The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted Filipino musicians, particularly those reliant on live performances for income. With the suspension of gigs and public events, many artists faced financial hardships. The survey and interviews reveal that financial strain was common, especially for urban musicians who relied on live performances as their primary source of income.

Adaptation and Coping Mechanisms: To survive, musicians turned to alternative income sources such as online businesses, selling musical instruments, and offering virtual music lessons. Despite these efforts, many musicians reported that the earnings from these alternatives were insufficient compared to their pre-pandemic income.

Creative Resilience: The downtime caused by the pandemic allowed many musicians to focus on songwriting, composition, and other creative outlets. Musicians found new ways to engage with their craft, including virtual performances and social media engagement, though these were often financially challenging.

Government Support and Community Efforts: The introduction of the NCCA’s P5,000 subsidy was a step towards addressing the financial challenges of freelance musicians, but it was seen as inadequate by many in the community. However, musicians have shown resilience by finding new ways to support others, such as through online fundraising events and charitable causes.

Long-Term Struggles and Frustrations: Many musicians expressed frustration about the slow recovery of the industry and the government’s response to the pandemic. There was a desire for a quicker return to normal, but also an understanding that the ‘new normal’ required adaptation.

CONCLUSION

Impact on Well-Being of Musicians

The COVID-19 pandemic not only had financial repercussions for Filipino musicians but also significantly affected their overall well-being. The economic strain caused by the loss of live performances and limited alternative income sources contributed to heightened levels of stress and anxiety within the music community. According to a study by Dela Cruz (2021), financial distress among musicians led to increased mental health struggles, with many reporting symptoms of depression and burnout due to uncertainty about their careers.

Psychological and Emotional Impact

The abrupt halt in performances and lack of stable income sources resulted in feelings of frustration, helplessness, and loss of professional identity. López (2021) noted that “many musicians experienced a decline in self-esteem and motivation due to the loss of opportunities to showcase their talents and connect with audiences.” Additionally, the isolation brought by lockdowns and social distancing measures further exacerbated feelings of loneliness, particularly for musicians who relied on social interactions for inspiration and support.

Coping Mechanisms and Adaptive Strategies

Despite the challenges, musicians sought various ways to cope with the psychological burden of the pandemic. Some turned to virtual performances and social media engagement as creative outlets to maintain their artistic expression and audience connection. The process of songwriting and composition provided a form of emotional release and a means to channel their anxieties into productive endeavors (López, 2021). Moreover, online collaboration with fellow artists served as a vital source of peer support and motivation, reinforcing a sense of community among struggling musicians.

Financial Well-Being and Mental Health

The financial strain faced by musicians had a direct impact on their mental well-being. The NCCA (2020) reported that over 70% of Filipino musicians experienced significant income loss, leading to increased stress and anxiety about their future. Bandwagon (2020) highlighted that the 80% decline in income made it difficult for musicians to sustain their livelihoods, adding to their mental distress. Many resorted to alternative means of earning, such as selling musical instruments or teaching virtual lessons, but these were often insufficient to meet their needs.

Creative Resilience

The downtime caused by the pandemic allowed many musicians to focus on songwriting, composition, and other creative outlets. While many took advantage of virtual performances and social media engagement, financial challenges persisted. López (2021) noted that “Musicians increased their online activity during the pandemic, but monetization of digital content remained a significant challenge.”

Government and Community Support for Well-Being

While government assistance, such as the NCCA’s P5,000 subsidy, was a step toward addressing financial challenges, it was largely deemed inadequate (Dela Cruz, 2021). Community-driven initiatives, including fundraising efforts and mutual aid networks, played a crucial role in offering not just financial relief but also emotional support. These collective efforts helped musicians navigate the crisis by providing a sense of solidarity and shared experience.

Long-Term Effects on Well-Being, Innovation, and Resilience

The long-term impact of the pandemic on musicians’ well-being remains a concern. Many artists expressed ongoing frustration with the slow recovery of the industry and the lack of substantial governmental support. Cultural organizations emphasized the need for sustained mental health and financial assistance programs to support independent artists beyond short-term relief measures (NCCA, 2020).

However, the pandemic also fostered a period of innovation and resilience among Filipino musicians. The shift to digital platforms, while challenging, led to new creative opportunities such as virtual concerts, online collaborations, and alternative monetization strategies. Despite financial struggles, musicians adapted by finding ways to sustain their craft and remain relevant in the evolving industry landscape. López (2021) highlighted that “musicians increased their online activity during the pandemic, but monetization of digital content remained a significant challenge,” indicating both the potential and the limitations of digital adaptation.

Moving forward, a more comprehensive and sustainable approach—integrating financial aid, mental health support, and industry reforms—will be crucial in fostering resilience and long-term stability for musicians. Investments in digital infrastructure, education on online revenue streams, and stronger institutional support can help artists navigate future uncertainties. By acknowledging the challenges and working towards inclusive solutions, the Filipino music community can emerge stronger, more adaptable, and better equipped for future disruptions, ensuring both artistic and economic sustainability in the new normal.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings and conclusions of this study, the following recommendations are proposed:

Financial Support and Industry Reforms:

The government and cultural institutions should develop long-term financial assistance programs, such as grants or subsidies, to support musicians, particularly independent artists.

Implement policies to ensure fair compensation for digital performances and online content monetization.

Encourage collaboration between private and public sectors to provide sustainable funding for musicians.

Mental Health and Well-Being Initiatives:

Establish mental health support programs, including counseling and peer support groups, tailored for musicians experiencing financial and psychological stress.

Promote well-being through awareness campaigns and workshops on coping strategies, resilience, and self-care.

Enhancement of Digital Opportunities:

Provide training programs on digital marketing, content creation, and alternative revenue streams such as crowdfunding, online concerts, and licensing deals.

Improve access to digital tools and platforms to enhance the online presence and monetization of musicians’ work.

Foster collaborations between musicians and tech companies to develop innovative business models for digital performance revenue.

Stronger Community Support Networks:

Strengthen musician-led organizations and cooperative groups to provide collective support, shared resources, and legal assistance.

Encourage local and international partnerships for funding and promotional opportunities.

Facilitate networking events and mentorship programs for emerging musicians to build resilience and adaptability in the industry.

Policy Development and Advocacy:

Advocate for government policies that recognize musicians as essential workers in the cultural and creative industries.

Develop structured programs that support the transition of musicians into hybrid performance models (live and digital) to ensure career sustainability.

Conduct further research on the evolving challenges of musicians in the post-pandemic era to continuously inform policies and industry strategies.

By implementing these recommendations, stakeholders in the music industry—including musicians, government agencies, cultural organizations, and the private sector—can work together to create a more resilient, innovative, and sustainable environment for Filipino musicians in the new normal.

REFERENCES

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