Antimicrobial Resistance: A Threat in Nephrology
- April 21, 2020
- Posted by: RSIS
- Categories: IJRSI, Pharmacy
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VII, Issue IV, April 2020 | ISSN 2321–2705
Antimicrobial Resistance: A Threat in Nephrology
Fathimath Thasreefa. P, Dr. Shinu. C, Gopika. T, Mohammed Asheeque. A. K
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India
Abstract: Kidney diseases mainly include acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and urinary tract infections. Nephrology disease can lead to decline in patients own immune system, resulting in serious infections. Urinary tract infection is a common infection of nephrology disease, which causes a very serious impact on health of patients. Therefore, analysis of pathogen distribution should be strengthened. Infection is a major cause of morbidity at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can directly contribute towards patient mortality. CKD patients may be at an increased risk of infection due to background impairment in host immunity. Therefore, infection prevention and management in the CKD population requires holistic care.
I. INTRODUCTION
Antimicrobial resistance means a naturally susceptible microorganism acquires way of being not affected by the drug. It is not a new phenomenon. It is now accepted as a major problem in public health and patient care. Understanding the mechanism of resistance is important in order to find better ways to keep the existing agent useful, and all so help to design better new antimicrobial. It is now well known that antimicrobial use is the single most important factor for the antimicrobial resistance[1].
Mechanism of Resistance
Mechanisms of resistance mainly include decreased drug uptake, efflux pumps, enzyme inactivation and target alterations by mutation[1].
• The inactivation or modification of antibiotics
• An alteration in the target site of the antibiotic that reduces its binding capacity
• The modification of metabolic pathways to circumvent the antibiotic effect
• The reduced intracellular antibiotic accumulation by decreasing permeability and or increasing active efflux of the antibiotics.
