Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors; One Shot, Two Gains

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VII, Issue IV, April 2020 | ISSN 2321–2705

 Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors; One Shot, Two Gains

Mohammed Asheeque. A.K, Dr. Shinu.C, Fathimath Thasreefa.P, Gopika.T.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India

Abstract: – Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the newest category of antidiabetic drugs that inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in the proximal convoluted tubule and thus prevent reabsorption of glucose that leads to glycosuria. Apart from their hypoglycemic actions they also plays a major role in improving cardiac functions[1]. There is an extreme association between diabetes and the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Among people with diabetes cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of death. Compared to those who are non-diabetic adults with the history of diabetic ones have high prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases[2]. In this context, SGLT2 inhibitors are vital for the reduction of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic as well as non-diabetic patients. There are mainly four SGLT2 inhibitors available in the market which are dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin and ertugliflozin. The key mechanisms involving their cardioprotective actions are improving cardiac cell metabolism and ventricular loading conditions, inhibiting the exchange of Na+/H+ in the myocardial cells, alteration in the production ofadipokines and cytokines, reducing the extend of cardiac cells necrosis and cardiac fibrosis[1]. Urogenital infections, decrease in glomerular filtration rate, reduction in uric acid levels, postural hypotension, dizziness, bladder and breast cancer are some of the postulated adverse effects associated with SGLT2 inhibitors[3].

I. INTRODUCTION

The impact of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) is great all over the world that cause for a marked reduction in the life expectancy and quality of life. Above all if they are in combined form the scene will get worsen significantly[4]. The chance of occurrence of heart failure in T2DM patients is two to five folds and vice versa, heart failure patients are highly prone to develop T2DM. Therefore any of one will trigger the progression of the other. The presence of heart failure will leads to other cardiac conditions like angina, myocardial infarction, hypertension, valvular disease, chronic tachycardia, cardiomyopathies, etc.[5] In case of acute coronary syndrome there is an increased risk of atherosclerosis in T2DM patients with lost regenerative functions of myocardial muscles . In the absence of obstructive coronary stenosis T2DM also cause functional variations. T2DM is also responsible for the abnormalities in the responses of vasoactive stimuli which eventually enhance the occurrences of major cardiac adverse events (MACE).

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