Sonographic Assessment of Renal Dimensions in Hypertensives as Compared to Normotensive Adults in a Black African Population
- July 25, 2020
- Posted by: RSIS
- Categories: Health Sciences, IJRSI
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VII, Issue VII, July 2020 | ISSN 2321–2705
Madubueze George Ajana1, Madukaife Victoria Obianuju2, Eweputanna Lisa Ifeyinwa3
1St. Nicholas Hospital Lagos Island Lagos State, Nigeria
2University of Port -Harcourt Teaching Hospital Rivers State Nigeria
3Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba Abia State, Nigeria
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a sustained systolic blood pressure greater than 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90mmHg in patients. The kidneys play a central role in the control of high blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system. Thus, renovascular changes of myointimal hyperplasia in the intrarenal arteries may cause increase in renal arterial impedance, reduction in renal length and cortical thickness may be noted in prolonged hypertension, and eventually cause irreversible hypertensive nephropathy .
The early detection of these renal changes using ultrasonography can provide opportunity for immediate intervention towards preventing or at least delaying the irreversible hypertensive nephropathy.
Aims and objectives: To determine and compare the renal length and cortical thickness in both healthy normotensive and hypertensive adults at St. Nicholas Hospital Lagos.
Materials and methods: A prospective comparative study of renal dimensions using ultrasound in 75 hypertensive and 75 normotensive control adults at St. Nicholas Hospital Lagos was conducted. Measurement of renal length and renal cortical thickness were done with the patient in supine and prone positions. The data was analysed with the aid of computer based SPSS 20.0 software for windows.
Results: There were 75 hypertensives and 75 normotensive subjects, their ages ranged between 35 and 80 years. The mean renal lengths were10.17 ± 0.65cm and 10.44 ± 0.72cm and the mean renal cortical thicknesses were 0.91 ± 1.49cm and 0.95 ± 1.51cm on the right and left sides, respectively in normotensive control subjects while those of hypertensive subjects were 9.61 ± 0.43cm and 9.82 ± 0.38cm for mean renal lengths, 0.82 ± 0.71cm and 0.84 ± 0.29cm for the cortical thickness, on the right and left sides respectively.
Conclusion: The renal dimensions were slightly higher in normotensives, when compared with the hypertensive subjects.
Key words: Ultrasound, Renal dimensions, Essential Hypertension.
