Professional Development and Emotional Intelligence on Classroom Management of Public School Teachers
Authors
Graduate Student, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines (Philippines)
Faculty, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines (Philippines)
Article Information
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100500615
Subject Category: Social Science
Volume/Issue: 10/5 | Page No: 9158-9169
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-05-09
Accepted: 2026-05-14
Published: 2026-06-09
Abstract
This study examined the relationships among professional development, emotional intelligence, and classroom management practices of public school teachers in the Municipality of Pangantucan, Bukidnon, Philippines. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected through adapted questionnaires measuring professional development across three dimensions (activities, outcomes/learning, and school culture), emotional intelligence across three dimensions (recognizing, regulating, and managing emotions), and classroom management across four approaches (authoritarian, authoritative, democratic, and laissez-faire). Data were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that teachers exhibited high levels of professional development and emotional intelligence. Classroom management practices were highly practiced, with authoritative and democratic approaches preferred over authoritarian and laissez-faire styles. Significant moderate positive correlations were found between professional development and classroom management and between emotional intelligence and classroom management. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both variables jointly explained 26.2% of the variance in classroom management, with emotional intelligence exerting a slightly stronger influence. The null hypotheses of no significant relationships were rejected. The study concludes that professional development and emotional intelligence are significant predictors of classroom management effectiveness. Recommendations include strengthening school culture for professional growth, addressing time and resource constraints, enhancing mentoring and coaching programs with attention to emotional competence, and integrating emotional intelligence training into DepEd’s professional development framework.
Keywords
Professional development, emotional intelligence, classroom management, public school teachers, Philippines
Downloads
References
1. Abbas, A. (2022). Instructional leadership, classroom management, and professional development on teaching performance of secondary school teachers. Philippine Journal of Education, 106(2), 145-168. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Agustin, M. (2025). A comparative study of authoritarian and democratic teaching styles on student performance. International Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 14(2), 88–104. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Alderman, M. K., & MacDonald, S. (2018). Motivation for achievement: Possibilities for teaching and learning (4th ed.). Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Alviar, J. N., & Benavides, R. D. (2025). Teachers' professional development activities and efficacy in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 11(1), 45-62. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Arrieta, G. S., & Ancho, I. V. (2021). Professional development of Filipino teachers: Insights from teacher professional development program. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 20(3), 245–261. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Baumrind, D. (2013). Authoritative parenting revisited: History and current status. In R. E. Larzelere, A. S. Morris, & A. W. Harrist (Eds.), Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development (pp. 11-34). American Psychological Association. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Brackett, M. A., Bailey, C. S., Hoffmann, J. D., & Simmons, D. N. (2019). RULER: A theory-driven, systemic approach to social, emotional, and academic learning. Educational Psychologist, 54(3), 144-161. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Corcoran, R. P., & Tormey, R. (2017). Does emotional intelligence predict student teachers' performance? Teaching and Teacher Education, 35(1), 34-42. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Dallasheh, W., Kasem, A., & Jaber, H. (2021). Teachers’ emotional intelligence and its relationship to classroom management and teacher–student relationships in inclusive settings. International Journal of Special Education, 36(1), 45–59. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. David, C. C., & Albert, J. R. G. (2021). Teacher workload and classroom management in Philippine public schools. Philippine Institute for Development Studies Discussion Paper Series, 2021-15. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Dela Cruz, M. T., & Santos, R. A. (2021). Barriers to professional development participation among Filipino public school teachers. International Journal of Educational Research, 108, 101-115. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Department of Education. (2016). DepEd Order No. 42, s. 2017: National Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Desimone, L. M. (2019). Improving impact studies of teachers' professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational Researcher, 38(3), 181-199. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Desimone, L. M., & Garet, M. S. (2015). Best practices in teachers' professional development in the United States. Psychology, Society, & Education, 7(3), 252-263. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. DuFour, R. (2004). What is a "professional learning community"? Educational Leadership, 61(8), 6-11. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. DuFour, R., & DuFour, R. (2018). The professional learning community at work: A practical guide. Solution Tree Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Emmer, E. T., & Sabornie, E. J. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of classroom management (2nd ed.). Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Equipado, C. J. B., & Abellana, A. L. (2025). Exploring peer pressure susceptibility, emotional intelligence, and academic motivation in mathematics among junior and senior high school students. International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research, 9(12), 80-88. http://ijeais.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/IJAMR251209.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Fabrigas, H. J. T. & Abellana, A. L. (2025). Collaborative expertise and organizational learning on professional development of public school teachers. International Journal of All Research Writings, 7(5), 294-300. https://ijarw.com/PublishedPaper/IJARW2853.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Florian, L., & Black-Hawkins, K. (2019). Exploring inclusive pedagogy. British Educational Research Journal, 37(5), 813-828. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Freiberg, H. J., & Lamb, S. M. (2018). Dimensions of person-centered classroom management. Theory Into Practice, 48(2), 99-105. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Gamalo, A. C. & Abellana, A. L. (2025). Teacher’s workload and behavioral management practices on professional burnout of teachers in Malaybalay City. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. 9(6), 655-664. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90600055 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. García-Martínez, I., Augusto-Landa, J. M., & León, S. P. (2022). Emotional intelligence and resilience as predictors of teacher well-being: The moderating role of teaching experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 902-918. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Garet, M. S., Porter, A. C., Desimone, L., Birman, B. F., & Yoon, K. S. (2017). What makes professional development effective? Results from a national sample of teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 915-945. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Hallinger, P., & Kulophas, D. (2020). The evolving knowledge base on leadership and teacher professional learning. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(5), 491-509. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Hascher, T., & Hagenauer, G. (2016). Openness to theory and its importance for practice: The case of teacher well-being. Teachers and Teaching, 22(5), 541-557. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Hattie, J. (2018). *Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement*. Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2018). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 491-525. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Kounin, J. S. (1970). Discipline and group management in classrooms. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. Kraft, M. A., Blazar, D., & Hogan, D. (2018). The effect of teacher coaching on instruction and achievement: A meta-analysis of the causal evidence. Review of Educational Research, 88(4), 547-588. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. Lamotay, Z. G. C. & Abellana, A. L. (2025). Human resource development practices and emotional intelligence on leadership capability of school heads. International Journal of All Research Writings, 6(11), 640-647. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. Larrivee, B. (2018). Development of a tool to assess teachers' level of reflective practice. Reflective Practice, 9(3), 341-360. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. Lewis, R., Roache, J., & Romi, S. (2019). Coping with aggressive behaviour in the classroom: Teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of different strategies. Pastoral Care in Education, 29(3), 191-206. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. Meyers, S., Rowell, K., Wells, M., & Smith, B. C. (2020). Teacher empathy: A model of empathy for teaching for student success. College Teaching, 67(3), 182-188. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. Orongan, M. J. Q., Hinampas, R. T., Manual, A. B., Abellana, A. L., Escarlos, G. S., Caro, V. B., & Camanero, G. R. P. (2024). Academic preparation, self-efficacy and performance of preservice teachers in the new educational landscape. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICETECH 2023) (pp. 347-367). Atlantis Press. http://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-554-6_28 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. Pasay, A. S. (2024). Classroom management practices and emotional intelligence on efficacy of public elementary school teachers. Philippine Educational Research Journal, 52(1), 78-95. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Senal, N. P. L., & Abellana, A. L. (2025). Occupational stress and classroom management practices on learning resource development of public school teachers. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. 9(3s). https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.903SEDU0302 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- The Impact of Ownership Structure on Dividend Payout Policy of Listed Plantation Companies in Sri Lanka
- Urban Sustainability in North-East India: A Study through the lens of NER-SDG index
- Performance Assessment of Predictive Forecasting Techniques for Enhancing Hospital Supply Chain Efficiency in Healthcare Logistics
- The Fractured Self in Julian Barnes' Postmodern Fiction: Identity Crisis and Deflation in Metroland and the Sense of an Ending
- Impact of Flood on the Employment, Labour Productivity and Migration of Agricultural Labour in North Bihar