Identified Challenges in ALS Science Education: Basis for Developing a Learning Intervention

This study investigates the instructional challenges encountered in teaching science within the Alternative Learning System (ALS) and uses these findings as a basis for developing a targeted learning intervention. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the research gathered both qualitative and quantitative data from five ALS teachers in a selected district in Iligan City, Philippines. Data were collected through a needs assessment questionnaire consisting of open-ended and closed-ended items, along with a Likert scale measuring perceived difficulty levels of selected science topics, particularly in weather systems. Thematic analysis revealed that the most prominent challenges include low learner engagement, insufficient learning materials and resources, limited face-to-face instructional time, lack of teacher training in science, and difficulties in time management. These barriers significantly affect the quality of science instruction and learners’ conceptual understanding. Despite these constraints, teachers employ adaptive strategies such as differentiated instruction, integration of livelihood skills, utilization of personal financial resources, and proactive lesson planning to address instructional gaps. Quantitative findings further indicate that among weather system topics, tropical cyclones are perceived as the most difficult for learners, followed by monsoons, while thunderstorms and tornadoes are considered less challenging due to their observable nature. These results highlight the need for contextualized and learner-centered instructional materials that simplify complex scientific concepts. Overall, the study underscores the importance of strengthening instructional support systems, enhancing teacher training, and designing responsive learning interventions tailored to the unique needs of ALS learners. The findings provide an empirical foundation for improving science education delivery in non-formal learning environments.

alternative learning system; science education challenges; learner engagement; instructional strategies; weather systems

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