Malaysian students’ and instructors’ perceptions of anxiety-provoking contexts in English as a second language classroom

Authors

Adi Afzal Ahmad

Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Branch, Malaysia (Malaysia)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100600976

Subject Category: Education

Volume/Issue: 10/6 | Page No: 13847-13853

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-06-21

Accepted: 2026-06-26

Published: 2026-07-09

Abstract

Many second language (L2) learners are affected by anxiety. Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated the negative effects of anxiety on student learning and performance. While many studies on language anxiety have typically involved learners as the participants or respondents in the research, not many studies focus on getting the instructors’ perspective on the issue. As such, this paper investigates the language instructors’ perspective on language learning anxiety in relation to their students’ perspective on anxiety. Is there a match or a mismatch between the two perspectives? 21 instructors and 233 students from a Malaysian institution of higher education took part in the study. A twelve-item questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Statistical analysis shows that the instructors have similar perceptions on anxiety as their students.

Keywords

Anxiety, learning, teaching, second language, undergraduates

Downloads

References

1. Abu-Rabia, S. (2004). Teacher’s role, learner’s role, gender differences, and FL anxiety among seven-grade students studying English as a FL. Educational Psychology, 24(5), 711-721. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Ahmad, A. A, & Awang-Hashim, R. (2023). Examining L2 speaking anxiety among Malaysian undergraduates. ICCCM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 1-7. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope’s construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal, 78(2), 155-168. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Allum, L. O. H. (2020). Student and teacher perceptions of student motivation among Korean university English as a second language (ESL) students. Indonesian TESOL Journal, 2(2), 81-98. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Brantmeier, C. (2005). Anxiety about L2 reading or L2 reading tasks? A study with advanced language learners. The Reading Matrix, 5(2), 67-85. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Brown, A. V. (2009). Students’ and teachers’ perceptions of effective foreign language teaching: A comparison of ideals. The Modern Language Journal, 93, 46-60. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Cheng, Y., Horwitz, E. K., & Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differentiating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49(3), 417-446. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Elkhafaifi, H. (2005). Listening comprehension and anxiety in the Arabic language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 89(2), 206-220. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Horwitz, E. K. (1988). The beliefs about language learning of beginning university foreign language students. The Modern Language Journal, 72, 283-294. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Horwitz, E. K. (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112-126. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Iizuka, K. (2010). Learner coping strategies for foreign language anxiety. In A. M. Stoke (Ed.), JALT2009 Conference Proceedings. Tokyo: JALT [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Lucas, R. I., Miraflores, E., & Go, D. (2011). English language learning anxiety among Foreign Language learners in the Philippines. Philippine ESL Journal, 7, 94-119. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283- 305. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Matsuda, S., & Gobel, P. (2004). Anxiety and predictors of performance in the foreign language classroom. Systems, 32(1), 21-36. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Masoud Hashemi & Moghtada Abbasi (2013). The role of the teacher in alleviating anxiety in language classes. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(3), 640-646. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Mohammad Javad Riasati (2011). Language learning anxiety from EFL learners’ perspective. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(6), 907-914. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Noro, T. (2011). Development of coping processes against “listening stress”. Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, 105, 125-132. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Phillips, E. M. (1992). The effects of language anxiety on student oral test, performance and attitudes. The Modern Language Journal, 76(1), 14-26. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Saito, Y., & Samimy, K. K. (1996). Foreign language anxiety and language performance: A study of learner anxiety in beginning, intermediate, and advanced-level college students of Japanese. Foreign Language Annals, 30(3), 239-251. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Saeb, F. (2017). Students’ and teachers’ perceptions and preferences for oral corrective feedback: Do they match? International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Language, 6(4), 32-44. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Williams, K. E., & Andrade, M. R. (2008). Foreign language learning anxiety in Japanese EFL university classes: Causes, coping, and locus of control. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 5(2), 181-191. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Young, D. J. (1990). Creating a low-anxiety classroom environment: What does language anxiety research suggest? The Modern Language Journal, 75(4), 426-439. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles