Barriers to Effective Africa Inland Church-Based Interventions to Domestic Gender Based Violence in Baringo Central, Kenya

Authors

Charles Chirchir Moindi

Kisii University (Kenya)

Daniel Rotich Kandagor

Kisii University (Kenya)

Gerface Ochien Ojwang

Kisii University (Kenya)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.1017PSY0041

Subject Category: Gender Studies

Volume/Issue: 10/17 | Page No: 553-563

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-06-22

Accepted: 2026-06-27

Published: 2026-07-10

Abstract

Domestic Gender-Based Violence (DGBV) remains a pervasive problem affecting families and communities in Baringo Central Region, Kenya, despite the presence and teachings of strong Christian institutions such as the Africa Inland Church (AIC). This study examined the barriers to effective AIC-based interventions in addressing DGBV in the region. Guided by the Triangular Theory of Love and Family Systems Theory, the research adopted a descriptive design with a target population of 1,500 respondents and a sample of 306, determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) formula. Data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, and analyzed using content, narrative, and thematic approaches, with findings presented via frequency tables, charts, and verbatim excerpts. The study highlights challenges limiting church-led interventions and suggests strategies for enhancing their effectiveness.

Keywords

Domestic Gender-Based Violence, Africa Inland Church, Pastoral Programs, Christian Families, Baringo Central Region

Downloads

References

1. Amegayibor, G. K. (2021). The effect of climate change on economic growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Economics, 12(1), 45–60. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Bonevac, D. (2010). Today’s moral issues: Classic and contemporary perspectives. McGraw-Hill. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Bowman, C. G. (2003). Domestic violence: Does the African context demand a different approach? Journal of African Law, 47(1), 87–98. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Chisale, S. S. (2020). African women and gender-based violence: Perspectives from religion and culture. Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Chitando, E., & Chirongoma, S. (2019). Religion and gender-based violence in Africa. Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Flood, M. (2018). Engaging men and boys in violence prevention. Palgrave Macmillan. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. George, S. (2007). Religion and development: Conflict or cooperation? Development in Practice, 17(3), 399–407. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Heise, L. (1998). Violence against women: An integrated, ecological framework. Violence Against Women, 4(3), 262–290. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Jewkes, R., Flood, M., & Lang, J. (2015). From work with men and boys to changes in social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations. The Lancet, 385(9977), 1580–1589. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Katy, J. (2009). Gender violence and religion: Faith-based responses. Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Manzanga, P. (2020). Faith-based approaches to social transformation in Africa. University of Zimbabwe Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Musune, K. (2015). The role of the church in addressing gender-based violence in Kenya. Nairobi Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Mutata, E., & Magasu, O. (2021). Gender-based violence and community responses in East Africa. African Journal of Social Work, 11(2), 34–49. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. National Crime Research Centre. (2020). Gender-based violence in Kenya: National survey report. Government of Kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Nason-Clark, N. (2000). Making the sacred safe: Woman abuse and communities of faith. Sociology of Religion, 61(4), 349–368. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Nason-Clark, N., Fisher-Townsend, B., Holtmann, C., & McMullin, S. (2015). Religion and intimate partner violence: Understanding the challenges and proposing solutions. Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Nason-Clark, N., & Clark Kroeger, C. (2001). No place for abuse: Biblical and practical resources to counteract domestic violence. InterVarsity Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Nkaabu, I. (2023). Church interventions in addressing teenage pregnancy in Kenya. Journal of Practical Theology, 5(1), 22–39. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Obeji, N. O., et al. (2017). Gender-based violence and religious responses in Africa. African Journal of Religion, 21(2), 55–70. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Pellauer, A. (2011). Violence, religion, and peacebuilding. Journal of Religion and Society, 13, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Pepper, M., & Powell, A. (2022). Domestic violence in contemporary society. Sage Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Robertson, S., & Marachver, R. (2009). Gender, violence, and religion in global perspective. Springer. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Ronoh, S., et al. (2024). Youth programs and teenage pregnancy prevention in Kenya. East African Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 78–95. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Stotland, E. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for preventing violence. Academic Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Suzor, N., et al. (2019). Digital harms and gender-based violence online. Social Media + Society, 5(3), 1–14. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Tracy, S. J. (2007). Patriarchy and domestic violence: Challenging common misconceptions. Journal of Gender Studies, 16(2), 123–140. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Ushe, M. U. (2015). Religious teachings and gender violence in Nigeria. Journal of Theology in Africa, 144(2), 89–105. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Valentine, G. (2017). Theorizing violence: Gender, power, and space. Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Wanjiru, M., et al. (2013). Gender-based violence in Kenya: Causes and interventions. Nairobi: Government Printer. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. World Bank. (2018). Gender-based violence in Africa: Economic and social impacts. World Bank Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles