Logistic Efficiency and Humanitarian Aid Delivery Among Humanitarian Organizations in Mogadishu, Somalia

Purpose: This study examined the effect of logistics efficiency on humanitarian aid delivery among humanitarian organizations operating in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a positivist philosophy and a deductive, explanatory cross-sectional research design. A sample of 222 respondents was determined from a target population of 500 employees of humanitarian organizations using Slovin's formula, and data were collected through structured questionnaires (209 distributed, 204 returned, 97.6% response rate) and semi-structured key informant interviews (13 targeted, 10 completed, 76.9% response rate). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and simple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics.
Findings: Logistics efficiency and humanitarian aid delivery were both rated highly by respondents (Mean = 4.4302 and Mean = 4.3668, respectively). A very strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation was found between the two variables (r = .815, p < .001). Regression analysis confirmed that logistics efficiency significantly predicts humanitarian aid delivery (β = .815, t = 20.017, p < .001), explaining 66.4% of the variance in humanitarian aid delivery (R² = .664; Adjusted R² = .662; F = 400.693, p < .001), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
Originality/Value: This study provides empirical, field-based evidence on the logistics-delivery relationship within humanitarian operations in Mogadishu, an urban, fragile, and conflict-affected setting that remains underrepresented in the humanitarian logistics literature, and integrates the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory to explain how logistics capabilities translate into humanitarian outcomes under conditions of insecurity and resource constraint.

Social Science

1. Abdi, R. H. n.d. Investigating the Significance of Humanitarian Aid Delivery in Somalia. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Abdillahi, M. M. (2026). E-Government and Digital Service Delivery: Investigating the Adoption of Digital Platforms for the Purpose of Citizens' Service Access, Transparency Increase, and Administrative Efficiency Promotion. Moccasin Journal De Public Perspective, 3(1), 15-32. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Abdillahi, M. M. (2025). Sustainable HRM Practices and Employee Green Behavior: A Meta-Analysis of their Relationship and Moderating Factors. International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Abdillahi, M. M. (2026). Public Sector Leadership: A Meta-Analysis of Transformational Leadership's Efficacy in Bureaucratic Change and Development. Moccasin Journal De Public Perspective, 3(2), 76-93. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Abdillahi, M. M. (2026). Guardians of the Public Trust: Mechanisms for Administrative Accountability and Ethical Governance. Available at SSRN 6782558. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Agarwal, S., R. Kant, and R. Shankar. 2019. "Humanitarian Supply Chain Management Frameworks: A Critical Literature Review and Framework for Future Development." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26 (6): 1749–80. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Altay, N., G. Kovács, and K. Spens. 2021. "The Evolution of Humanitarian Logistics as a Discipline through a Crystal Ball." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11 (4): 577–84. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Apriliyati, D., and E. Pasan. 2024. "The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Humanitarian Response Plan in Handling the Afghanistan Food Crisis." Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 4 (1): 29–48. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Abdillahi, M. M., Osman, H. N., & Barigayamwe, R. (2026). Decentralized solid waste management and community health outcomes in Kampala, Uganda. Natural Built Social Environment Health, 2(2), 200-217. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Abdillahi, M. M. (2026). The Khat Conundrum: Balancing Economic Reality, Social Welfare, and Sovereignty in Public Policy for Somaliland. Mahogany Journal De Social, 3(2), 110-124. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Abdillahi, M. M. (2026). AI, Algorithms, and Automation in Government: Investigating the ethical, legal, and practical implications of using artificial intelligence for decision-making in social services, policing, and welfare distribution. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Abdillahi, M. M., Oluka, B. B., & Tindyebwa, J. (2026). Political Decentralization And Governance In Hargaisa Local Government, Somaliland. APPLIED RESEARCH IN ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, 7(1), 4-18. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Barney, J. 1991. "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage." Journal of Management 17 (1): 99–120. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Beamon, B. M., and B. Balcik. 2008. "Performance Measurement in Humanitarian Relief Chains." International Journal of Public Sector Management 21 (1): 4–25. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Besiou, M., and L. N. Van Wassenhove. 2020. "Humanitarian Operations: A World of Opportunity for Relevant and Impactful Research." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22 (1): 135–45. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Creswell, J. W., and J. D. Creswell. 2018. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Grigoli, G. D. A., M. F. D. Silva Júnior, and D. P. Pedra. 2024. "Challenges and Perspectives for Humanitarian Logistics: A Comparative Study between the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic and the Republic of South Sudan." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 14 (4): 384–98. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2024. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Geneva: IPCC. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2022. Somalia Situation Report: Displacement and Humanitarian Access Constraints. Geneva: IOM Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Jahre, M., A. Pazirandeh, and L. Van Wassenhove. 2016. "Defining Logistics Preparedness: A Framework and Research Agenda." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 6 (3): 372–98. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Kovács, G., and K. M. Spens. 2007. "Humanitarian Logistics in Disaster Relief Operations." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 37 (2): 99–114. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Kunz, N., and G. Reiner. 2012. "A Meta-Analysis of Humanitarian Logistics Research." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 2 (2): 116–47. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Mbohwa, C. 2010. "Humanitarian Logistics: Review and Case Study of Zimbabwean Experiences." Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management 4 (1): 176–97. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Nurmala, N., S. de Leeuw, and W. Dullaert. 2017. "Humanitarian-Business Partnerships in Managing Humanitarian Logistics." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 22 (1): 82–94. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Palinkas, L. A., S. M. Horwitz, C. A. Green, J. P. Wisdom, N. Duan, and K. Hoagwood. 2015. "Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research." Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 42 (5): 533–44. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Saunders, M., P. Lewis, and A. Thornhill. 2019. Research Methods for Business Students. 8th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Sohn, M. 2017. "So Much of Research Is Context: Fieldwork Experience in Humanitarian Logistics." In The Palgrave Handbook of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 149–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Tatham, P. H., and S. J. Pettit. 2010. "Transforming Humanitarian Logistics: The Journey to Supply Network Management." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 40 (8–9): 609–22. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Teece, D. J. 2007. "Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of Sustainable Enterprise Performance." Strategic Management Journal 28 (13): 1319–50. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Teece, D. J., G. Pisano, and A. Shuen. 1997. "Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management." Strategic Management Journal 18 (7): 509–33. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 2024. Global Humanitarian Overview 2024. Geneva: OCHA. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 2025. Global Humanitarian Overview 2025. Geneva: OCHA. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 2024. Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2023. Geneva: UNHCR. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Van Wassenhove, L. N. 2006. "Humanitarian Aid Logistics: Supply Chain Management in High Gear." Journal of the Operational Research Society 57 (5): 475–89. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Wernerfelt, B. 1984. "A Resource-Based View of the Firm." Strategic Management Journal 5 (2): 171–80. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. WFP (World Food Programme). 2024. Global Report on Food Crises 2024. Rome: WFP. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. WHO (World Health Organization). 2024. World Health Statistics 2024. Geneva: WHO. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Assessment of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Repositioning TVET for Economic Development in Nigeria
• Teachers’ Use of Assure Model Instructional Design on Learners’ Problem Solving Efficacy in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
• “E-Booksan Ang Kaalaman”: Development, Validation, and Utilization of Electronic Book in Academic Performance of Grade 9 Students in Social Studies
• Analyzing EFL University Students’ Academic Speaking Skills Through Self-Recorded Video Presentation
• Major Findings of The Study on Total Quality Management in Teachers’ Education Institutions (TEIs) In Assam – An Evaluative Study