Career Path, Relevance of Specialization, and Factors Influencing Career Decisions of Senior High School Graduates: Basis for Program Enhancement
Authors
DepEd, Negros Island Region, Philippines (Philippines)
La Carlota City College, Philippines (Philippines)
Article Information
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100800173
Subject Category: Education
Volume/Issue: 10/8 | Page No: 2471-2495
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-08-16
Accepted: 2026-08-21
Published: 2026-08-29
Abstract
This study is titled Career Path, Relevance of Specialization, Influence of Factors and Challenges of the Senior High School Graduates: Basis for Program Enhancement and the factors influencing their career decisions. Specifically, it examined the respondents’ profile, career paths, relevance of Senior High School specialization, and the factors affecting career development. Using a quantitative-descriptive research design, data were collected from 258 graduates from Batch 2024–2025 in a public senior high school in Negros Occidental through a validated questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.975. Findings revealed that most respondents were 17–20 years old, single, held NC I and NC II certification. The majority pursued higher education, while employment was characterized by predominantly part-time work, TESDA participation was moderate, and entrepreneurship was least preferred. SHS specialization was perceived as very highly relevant, particularly in personal life. Psychological self-efficacy emerged as the strongest influence on career decisions, whereas economic factors had the least influence. The findings provide a basis for strengthening career guidance, curriculum alignment, and industry partnerships.
Keywords
Social Science
Downloads
References
1. Almario, O. P. (2021). Factors affecting the career choice decision of SHS in Central Luzon. Cosmos: An International Journal of Management, 11(1), 84–102. https://doi.org/10.46360/cosmos.mgt.420212011 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Almeida, D., Johnson, M., & Torres, R. (2021). Family and institutional influences on adolescent career decision-making. Studies in Higher Education, 46(9), 1876–1890. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2021.1876642 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Alon-Barkat, S., & Busuioc, M. (2021). Human–AI interaction in public sector decision making: “Automation bias” and “selective adherence” to algorithmic advice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 31(2), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa033 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Baguio, Bas, Bucar, Bongato, & Rollorata, 2024, Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 25(10), 1318–1331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103343. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Caballes, D. G., Gapad, E. M., Valdez, M. R., & Quintos, C. A. (2022). Exploring between SHS strand and college course mismatch: Bridging the gap through school policy on intensified career guidance program. Data Mining and Knowledge Engineering. https://www.ciitresearch.org/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Chen, Y., Chiu, S. W. K., Zhu, J., & So, W. W. M. (2022). Maintaining secondary school students’ STEM career aspirations: The role of perceived parental expectations, self-efficacy, and cultural capital. International Journal of Science Education, 44(3), 434–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2022.2032463 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Fernandez, C. B., Balijon, M. B., & Ancho, I. V. (2023). Career preferences of Filipino senior high school students. CTU Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 15(3), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctujoisd.2023.053 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. García, M., & López, R. (2021). Socioeconomic background and career aspirations: A comparative study of single and married professionals. International Journal of Sociology, 51(4), 289–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2021.1934567 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Hassan, R. R., Abu Talib, M., Dweiri, F., & Roman, J. (2024). An artificial intelligence (AI) framework to predict operational excellence: UAE case study. Applied Sciences, 14(6), 2569. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062569 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Heiberger, R. H., Munoz-Najar Galvez, S., & McFarland, D. A. (2021). Facets of specialization and its relation to career success: An analysis of U.S. sociology, 1980 to 2015. American Sociological Review, 86(6), 1164–1192. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211056267 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Hwang, N., & Kisida, B. (2021). Spread too thin: The effects of teacher specialization on student achievement. EdWorkingPaper No. 21-477. Annenberg Institute at Brown University. https://doi.org/10.26300/616s-he51 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Jarvis, P. (2022). Family structure and student outcomes: A comparative study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(4), 1023–1038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02368-0 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Kim, J. (2021). Development and validation of the career adaptability scale for undergraduates in Korea. Sustainability, 13(19), 11004. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911004 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2023). The impact of vocational qualifications on career advancement in technical fields. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 75(2), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2022.2145678 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Li, X., Lin, X., Zhang, F., & Tian, Y. (2021). Playing roles in work and family: Effects of work/family conflicts on job and life satisfaction among junior high school teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 772025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772025 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Nazareno, A. L., Lopez-Relente, M. J. F., Gestiada, G. A., Martinez, M. P., De Lara, M. L., & Roxas-Villanueva, R. M. (2021). Factors associated with career track choice of senior high school students. Philippine Journal of Science, 150(5), 1043–1060. https://doi.org/10.56899/pjs.v150i5.2021 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, T. H., & Pham, H. T. (2022). Vocational education and employment outcomes in developing economies: Evidence from Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Development, 89, 102612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102612 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Orbeta, A. C., & Potestad, M. V. (2025). On the employability of senior high school graduates in the Philippines: Evidence from the labor force survey. Philippine Journal of Development, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.62986/pjd2025.49.1d [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Patricio, R. F., & Casa, H. L. E. (2026). Employability and skills utilization of Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) graduates. International Journal of Educational Contemporary Explorations, 3(1), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.69481/KDGQ2858 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Puebla, J. N. (2022). Career decisions and dilemmas of Senior High School students in disadvantaged schools. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(5), 888–903. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.05.15 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Rivera, M., & Cruz, R. (2024). Age-related differences in career readiness among Filipino youth. Journal of Educational Research, 117(4), 512–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2024.2310459 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Roble, D. M. L. (2021). Competency level, employers’ expectations and work immersion performance of Senior High School Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students. Asian Journal on Perspectives in Education, 2(1), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.63529/ajpe.v2i1.7657 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Saliwa, G. P., & Naelga, S. C. (2024). Experience or education: A cross-sectional retrospective review of the Senior High School graduates in TVL track S.Y. 2022–2023 of Hinaplanon National High School. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research, 9(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10987654 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Santos, L., Pereira, A., & Silva, J. (2022). Career adaptability and resilience: The role of contextual supports. Journal of Career Development, 49(5), 765–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-021-09287-1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Singh, R. K., & Negi, C. M. (2026). Evaluating direct benefit transfer as a policy instrument for achieving sustainable development goals: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh. The Scientific Temper, 17(2), 5720–5729. https://doi.org/10.58414/SCIENTIFICTEMPER.2026.17.2.15 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Sloane, C. M., Hurst, E. G., & Black, D. A. (2021). College majors, occupations, and the gender wage gap. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(4), 223–248. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.4.223 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Toquero, C. M. D., & Ulanday, D. M. P. (2021). University graduates’ assessment of the relevance of the curriculum to the labor market in the Philippines. International Research in Education, 9(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.5296/ire.v9i1.17421 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Zaripova, M. D. (2021). Correlation-regression analysis as a means of improving the quality and efficiency of the education system in higher education institution. European Scholar Journal, 2(5), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Q3UJ4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Zhu, J., Hou, Z., Zhang, H., Wang, D., Jia, Y., Flores, L. Y., & Chen, S. (2023). To be successful and/or comfortable? Parental career expectations and Chinese undergraduates’ career indecisiveness across gender. Journal of Career Development, 50(3), 674–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453221131015 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. TESDA. (2024). Embedment of TVET in SHS will improve graduate employability. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Assessment of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Repositioning TVET for Economic Development in Nigeria
- Teachers’ Use of Assure Model Instructional Design on Learners’ Problem Solving Efficacy in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
- “E-Booksan Ang Kaalaman”: Development, Validation, and Utilization of Electronic Book in Academic Performance of Grade 9 Students in Social Studies
- Analyzing EFL University Students’ Academic Speaking Skills Through Self-Recorded Video Presentation
- Major Findings of The Study on Total Quality Management in Teachers’ Education Institutions (TEIs) In Assam – An Evaluative Study