Practices, Challenges, and Business Profitability of Vendors

This study examined the practices and challenges of small-scale vendors of Sum-ag Public Market, Brgy. Sum-ag, in relation to their business profitability. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 100 vendors through a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution, mean, Analysis of Variance, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Results showed that vendors exhibited a high level of business practices, particularly in customer service, product quality, and pricing strategies, while financial management, marketing, and inventory management were moderate. Challenges were generally moderate, with competition, LGU regulations, and environmental concerns rated highest. Profitability was also moderate overall. Educational attainment significantly influenced business practices, while age, sex, and years in vending did not significantly affect practices, challenges, or profitability. Significant relationships were found among business practices, challenges, and profitability. The study concluded that strengthening vendors' business practices can help address operational challenges and improve profitability and recommended targeted training and support programs to sustain vendor growth.
Keywords: Small-Scale Vendors, Business Practices, Business Challenges, Business Profitability, Public Market, Financial Management, Marketing Strategies, Inventory Management, Customer Service, Sum-ag Public Market

Business, Management and Accounting

1. Abdiaziz, A. M., & Makori, D. (2025). Working capital management practices and financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Garissa County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 12(2), 584–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v12i2.3231 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Alferos, D. B. (2023). The effects of financial management practices on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Zambales, Philippines. Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 8(2), 36–45. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Amoako, G. K., & Dartey-Baah, K. (2021). SME practices, innovation and performance: A developing country perspective. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28(3), 451–468. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Bara-Labitad, J. (2025). Street vendors’ stories: Informal borrowing practices and implications on business. American Journal of Social Development and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajsde.v4i1.4552 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Bashir, R., & Verma, G. (2020). Marketing innovation and profitability of small businesses in emerging markets. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 12(2), 22–35. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Bayatan, J. T., & Palic, A. S. (2020). Economic and social implications and challenges of relocation of street vendors in a highly urbanized city. Philippine Social Science Journal, 3(3), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i3.280 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2022). Fundamentals of financial management (16th ed.). Cengage Learning. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Chille, F. J., Mrindoko, A., & Mbwambo, H. (2023). The influence of perception of street vendors on profitability of products they sell: A case of Dar es Salaam and Coast regions of Tanzania. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 6(10), 404–415. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i10.1708 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Das, S. (2019). A study on the business practices of street food vendors in Guwahati City. International Journal on Recent Trends in Business and Tourism, 3(3), 91–98. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Drucker, P. F. (2021). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles (Rev. ed.). Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Handayani, C. M. S., Wibowo, T. S., Suhardiyah, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2022). Street vendor business performance in the new normal era. European Journal of Business and Management, 14(24). https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/14-24-02 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., & Shepherd, D. A. (2023). Entrepreneurship (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Hunde, D. A., & Yohannes, D. (2020). Financial management practices and profitability of small and medium enterprises in Kembata Tembaro Zone, SNNPR. Journal of the Social Sciences, 48(4), 1675–1688. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Jayasundara, J., Perera, N., & Weerasinghe, T. (2020). Business continuity of micro and small enterprises: The influence of demographic and business characteristics. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 8(2), 45–58. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Kisaka, S. E., & Njenga, K. (2019). External environmental factors and business performance of small traders in Kenya. Journal of Business and Economic Development, 7(1), 14–22. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2022). Marketing management (16th ed.). Pearson. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Lumentah, L. (2025). Factors influencing street vendors’ income in campus microeconomic ecosystem. Sosioedukasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan dan Sosial. https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6430 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Manalo, A. L. H., Balanay, M. Q., & Verdadero, J. C. A. (2025). Challenges faced by the MSMEs: Input to policy recommendations. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.14419/qk093q19 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Mensah, J. K., & Agyapong, D. (2019). The role of small businesses in socioeconomic development: Evidence from Ghana. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 10(3), 291–308. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Mwangi, P., & Kihoro, J. (2021). Factors influencing the performance of micro and small enterprises in urban markets. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 12(5), 48–56. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Romero, R., Paulino, E., Tan, R., & Cortez, D. M. (2024). Urban entrepreneurship on the fringe: Action research on the challenges of street vendors in Manila. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 6(5), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2024.6.5.20 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Scarborough, N. M. (2022). Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management (10th ed.). Pearson. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Sharabati, A. A. A., et al. (2024). The impact of digital marketing on the performance of SMEs. Sustainability, 16(19), 8667. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Solidum, G. M. (2023). Status and problems of the street vendors: Inputs for local government unit planning. SPRIN Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(4), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v2i04.102 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Solís-Rivera, L. R., Leiva, J. C., & Mora-Esquivel, R. (2024). Profitability, customer, operations, and logistics management in MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 19(2), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242024000200067 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Suryanto, T., et al. (2024). The impact of sharing economy platforms, management accounting systems, and demographic factors on financial performance: Exploring the role of formal and informal education in MSMEs. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(4), Article 100413. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Welter, F., Brush, C., & De Bruin, A. (2023). Gender and entrepreneurship: Context, challenges, and future directions. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 123–140. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. World Bank. (2020). Doing business 2020: Comparing business regulation in 190 economies. World Bank Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Zimmerer, T. W., Scarborough, N. M., & Wilson, D. (2020). Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management (9th ed.). Pearson. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. City Government of Bacolod. (2022). Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2017–2026: Volume III—Sectoral Analysis. https://bacolodcity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03-CLUP-2017-2026-VOLUME-III-SECTORAL-ANALYSIS-101322.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2026). City of Bacolod: Philippine Standard Geographic Code. https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/barangays/1830200000 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Assessment of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Repositioning TVET for Economic Development in Nigeria
• Teachers’ Use of Assure Model Instructional Design on Learners’ Problem Solving Efficacy in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
• “E-Booksan Ang Kaalaman”: Development, Validation, and Utilization of Electronic Book in Academic Performance of Grade 9 Students in Social Studies
• Analyzing EFL University Students’ Academic Speaking Skills Through Self-Recorded Video Presentation
• Major Findings of The Study on Total Quality Management in Teachers’ Education Institutions (TEIs) In Assam – An Evaluative Study