Exploring The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chatbot Technologies on Secondary School Students’ Mathematics Engagement

Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot technologies have become increasingly relevant to secondary school mathematics learning. This study examines the role of AI chatbot technologies in students’ mathematics engagement in Kuala Lumpur. Guided by Constructivist Learning Theory and Sociocultural Theory, the study examines chatbot use, chatbot features and quality of interaction, and students’ behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement, including perceived improvement in mathematics learning.
The study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional survey of 80 secondary school students who used AI chatbots, including ChatGPT, MathGPT, MathAI, and Gauth. Data were collected using an online questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, AI chatbot use, chatbot features and quality of interaction, student engagement, and perceived mathematics learning improvement. The findings indicate that students frequently use AI chatbots for mathematics learning, particularly for revision and examination preparation. Students generally perceived the chatbots as precise, responsive, easy to use, and helpful in simplifying difficult mathematical concepts. Positive perceptions were also reported for motivation, willingness to attempt challenging mathematics questions, and engagement with mathematics learning.
The reliability analysis showed acceptable to good internal consistency across the study constructs, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.782 to 0.839. Overall, the findings suggest positive associations between AI chatbot use, perceived chatbot quality, and students’ engagement and perceived improvement in mathematics learning. Because the study relied on self-reported, cross-sectional data, the findings should be interpreted as students’ perceptions and associations rather than evidence of objectively measured or causal improvements in mathematics achievement. The implications for mathematics educators and future research are discussed.

AI, chatbot, mathematics, secondary student

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