A Case Study on the Organizational Culture of Local Government Colleges: Exploring Values, Practices and Challenges in Public Administration

Authors

Dionesio L. Manlegro Jr.

Misamis University, Ozamiz City (Philippines)

Imelda O. Reyes

Misamis University, Ozamiz City (Philippines)

Analyn S. Clarin

Misamis University, Ozamiz City (Philippines)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.10100193

Subject Category: Education

Volume/Issue: 10/1 | Page No: 2457-2475

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-01-09

Accepted: 2026-01-15

Published: 2026-01-30

Abstract

Organizational culture is a critical element that influences how employees interact, make decisions, and contribute to institutional goals. In academic settings, it shapes not only professional relationships but also the delivery of quality education and services. Understanding the challenges employees face in adapting to such culture provides valuable insight into areas for improvement in leadership and governance. This study explored the challenges of the employees on the organizational culture of one of the institutions in Misamis Occidental, Philippines. The participants were the 15 faculty and 15 staff who were selected using purposive sampling. Interview-guide questions was used in gathering the data which were analyzed using yin’s method of data analysis. Results revealed five (4) themes: core values as the foundation of a unified, ethical, and purpose-driven organizational culture; ethical leadership and core values in shaping organizational culture and governance; ethical leadership and inclusive governance amid structural and communication barriers; and values-driven organizational culture as a catalyst for academic excellence and service quality. A strong values-based organizational culture serves as a key driver in improving academic performance and service delivery through ethical role modeling and behavioral consistency. Leadership development initiatives may prioritize ethical training and value-based decision-making to strengthen governance and employee engagement.

Keywords

barriers, communication, organizational culture, service quality, values

Downloads

References

1. Aguas, P. P. (2022). Fusing approaches in educational research: Data collection and data analysis in phenomenological research. The Qualitative Report, 27(1). https://shorturl.at/tvzLM [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Ahmed, R. R., & Abbas, A. (2023). Inclusive leadership and organizational commitment: The mediating role of perceived respect and workplace support. Journal of Management Development, 42(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-12-2021-0321 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Ahn, M. J., & Park, J. (2022). Transparent leadership and organizational trust: The mediating role of ethical work climates. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(3), e2657. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2657 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Al-Husseini, S., Elbeltagi, I., & Dosa, T. A. (2021). Transformational leadership and innovation in higher education: The mediating role of knowledge sharing. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 13(4), 1049–1069. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-06-2020-0171 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Ali, R., & Khan, S. (2024). Core values, employee morale, and institutional success: A study of publicsector educational institutions. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 28(1), 45–60. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Alshurafat, H., Alshurafat, A., Alshurafat, M., & Alshurafat, S. (2021). Ethical governance, integrity systems, and institutional effectiveness in public sector organizations. Public Integrity, 23(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2020.1722294 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Arokodare, M. A., Asikhia, O. U., & Makinde, G. O. (2019). Strategic agility and firm performance: The moderating role of organisational culture. Business Management Dynamics, 9(3). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Arumi, M. S., Aldrin, N., & Murti, T. R. (2021). Effect of organizational culture on organizational citizenship behavior with organizational commitment as a mediator. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 8(4), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v8i4.274 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Aruna, M., & Anitha, J. (2015). Employee retention enablers: Generation Y employees. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 12(3), 94–103. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1721916370 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Assoratgoon, W., & Kantabutra, S. (2023). Toward a sustainability organizational culture model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 136666. https://shorturl.at/uDEIN [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall. https://shorturl.at/wCM15 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2020). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(1), 101343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101343 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2021). School leadership models: What do we know? School Leadership & Management, 41(1–2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1858913 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Castillo, M., & Trincado, E. (2022). Inclusive leadership and core values: Building employee engagement in higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 36(4), 657–674. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2021-0427 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Chen, T., Li, F., & Leung, K. (2016). When does supervisor support encourage innovative behavior? Opposite moderating effects of general self-efficacy and internal locus of control. Personnel Psychology, 69(1), 123–158. http://surl.li/pucvw [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Chism, N. V. N., Douglas, E., & Hilson, W. J. (2008). Qualitative research basics: A guide for engineering educators. Rigorous Research in Engineering Education, 1–65. https://shorturl.at/moqIM [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage. https://shorturl.at/kuILZ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Cruz, J. D., Reyes, L. A., & Tiamzon, K. E. (2024). Emotional intelligence and ethical leadership in higher education. Southeast Asian Journal of Educational Leadership, 12(1), 23–40. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Cruz, M. D., Lopez, R. J., & Batac, R. G. (2023). Leadership and values: A model for fostering positive organizational culture in educational institutions. Higher Education Management Review, 29(2), 118– 132. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. De Luna, M. J., & Tan, R. S. (2024). Organizational culture and its impact on service delivery in academic settings. Education and Service Quality Review, 10(3), 78–92. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Demir, S. (2020). The role of self-efficacy in job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation and job involvement. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 20(85), 205–224. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejer/issue/52308/686061 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Denhardt, R. B., Denhardt, J. V., Aristigueta, M. P., & Rawlings, K. C. (2021). Managing human behavior in public and nonprofit organizations (4th ed.). CQ Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Denzin, N. K. (2012). Triangulation 2.0. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6(2), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437186 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Garcia, A. L., & Mendoza, T. R. (2023). Leading inclusively: Strategies for ethical governance in local colleges. Philippine Journal of Educational Leadership, 11(1), 33–50. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Gochhayat, J., Giri, V. N., & Suar, D. (2020). Influence of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness: The mediating role of organizational communication. Global Business Review, 18(3), 691–702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917692185 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Groysberg, B., Lee, J., Price, J., & Cheng, J. Y. J. (2022). The leader’s guide to corporate culture. Harvard Business Review, 100(1), 44–52. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Hassan, S., Wright, B. E., & Yukl, G. (2022). Does ethical leadership matter in public organizations? Effects on organizational commitment and performance. Public Administration Review, 82(3), 504–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13432 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Heng, Q., & Chu, L. (2023). Self-efficacy, reflection, and resilience as predictors of work engagement among English teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1160681. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1160681 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Huang, F., & Teo, T. (2020). Influence of teacher-perceived organisational culture and school policy on Chinese teachers’ intention to use technology: An extension of technology acceptance model. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(3), 1547–1567. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423019-09722-y [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Imron, A., Juharyanto, Mustiningsih, & Ahmad, T. (2018). Islamic crash course as a leadership strategy of school principals in strengthening school organizational culture. SAGE Open, 8(3). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018799849 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Kalkan, Ü., Fahriye, A. A., Altınay, G. Z., Ramazan, A., & Gökmen, D. (2020). The relationship between school administrators’ leadership styles, school culture, and organizational image. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020902081 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Kim, S., & Schachter, H. L. (2023). Values-based public management: Linking ethical leadership with governance performance. Public Administration Review, 83(1), 112–124. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13502 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Kim, Y., & Bang, H. (2023). Organizational culture and ethical leadership in higher education institutions: A values-based perspective. Journal of Educational Administration, 61(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-03-2022-0058 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Lim, R. B., & Fernandez, L. A. (2023). The impact of political interference on ethical governance in public education. Journal of Public Administration Studies, 25(1), 62–77. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Lin, C. S. (2013). Revealing the “essence” of things: Using phenomenology in LIS research. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries, 2(4), 469–478. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Mendoza, A. R., & Castillo, L. S. (2023). The relationship between organizational culture and academic performance in higher education institutions. Journal of Educational Leadership, 17(2), 34–49. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Mercado, R. J., & Santos, M. L. (2022). Institutional values and faculty development: Impact on engagement and teaching quality in Philippine higher education. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 42(3), 391–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2021.1976932 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. Mulyadi, D., Anwar, Y., & Fahlevi, M. (2021). The impact of organizational culture and ethical leadership on work performance: A study in educational institutions. Heliyon, 7(5), e07006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07006 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. OECD. (2023). Education governance and leadership in action: Building trust and accountability. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/0a5e1b9a-en [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. Onyango, G., & Ondiek, J. O. (2021). Digitalization and integration of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in public organizations in Kenya. Public Organization Review, 21(3), 511–526. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. Reyes, L. V., & Santiago, E. J. (2022). The role of organizational culture in promoting ethical behavior and accountability. Journal of Organizational Ethics, 15(1), 55–70. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

51. Reyes, M. D., & Dizon, R. L. (2022). Communication and trust in public higher education: A governance perspective. Journal of Philippine Education Policy and Administration, 19(2), 142–159. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

52. Rowley, J., Jones, R., Vassiliou, M., & Hanna, S. (2012). Using card-based games to enhance the value of semi-structured interviews. International Journal of Market Research, 54(1), 93–110. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

53. Saldaña, J. (2015). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

54. Santos, R. M., & Villanueva, L. C. (2022). Leading with care: The role of well-being in academic leadership. Philippine Journal of Educational Management, 18(3), 95–112. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

55. Schein, E. H., & Schein, P. A. (2021). Organizational culture and leadership (5th ed.). Wiley. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

56. Shields, C. M. (2021). Transformative leadership in education: Equitable change in an uncertain and complex world (2nd ed.). Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

57. Simons, T., & Leroy, H. (2023). Building ethical cultures in educational institutions: The role of leadership and shared values. Journal of Business Ethics Education, 20(1), 23–38. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

58. https://doi.org/10.5840/jbee202312211 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

59. Sullivan, J. R. (2012). Skype: An appropriate method of data collection for qualitative interviews? The Hilltop Review, 6(1), 10. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

60. Torres, L. M., & Mejía, J. A. (2022). The role of respect and inclusivity in enhancing morale and retention in academic institutions. International Journal of Educational Management, 36(4), 723–738. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2021-0369 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

61. Ucar, R., & Dalgic, S. (2021). Relationship between school principals’ strategic leadership characteristics and school teachers’ organizational commitment levels. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 91, 105–126. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

62. Villanueva, J. P., De Leon, A. R., & Nolasco, M. T. (2023). Values-based training programs and organizational culture in public educational institutions. Philippine Journal of Development Education, 48(1), 25–40. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

63. Villanueva, M. C., & Santos, J. D. (2024). Political instability and ethical leadership: A study of local government colleges. Public Policy and Governance Review, 13(2), 45–58. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

64. Wong, K. Y., & Lasrado, F. (2022). The role of core values in sustaining quality culture in higher education. Quality Assurance in Education, 30(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-09-2021-0124 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

65. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

66. Zhou, Y., Liu, X., & Chen, H. (2023). Governance culture and work climate in public educational institutions: The moderating role of ethical values. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(1), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221078245 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles