Advocating for the Implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act: A Tale of Volunteerism

Advocating for the Implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act: A Tale of Volunteerism

Lindsey C. Espino, Riezel Jane S. Vidoy, Andrei E. Noya, Annalou A. Agohob

Department of College of Arts and Sciences Education, University of Mindanao

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.9020311

Received: 07 February 2025; Accepted: 17 February 2025; Published: 20 March 2025

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate thoroughly the volunteers’ perspectives on the scope of environmental protection, assessing the problems the volunteers have faced and highlighting the importance of ecological protection advocacy. Sustainable Development Goal 13 is highlighted in this study, wherein it combats climate change through environmental protection. A qualitative approach by using a case study as a research design is applied in this study. Seven participants participated in this study in order to extend thoroughly the significance of this study by undergoing a phone call and google meet online calls. The researchers provided informed consent to make this study accountable and transparent. The participants’ answers were recorded with the blessing of their approval and consent, and the researchers took notes from the answers of this study’s participants for documentation and data-gathering purposes. The data was collected and transcribed extensively, and the data analyst carefully interpreted the gathered data. This study highlighted the critical themes in each research question provided by the data analyst. Research question number 1 has three themes: (1) Varied Advocacies, (2) Advocates Being Educated and Made More Aware, and (3) Creating a Culture of Environmental Responsibility. Meanwhile, Research Question number 2 has four themes: (1) Lack of Financial Resources, (2) Lack of Willing Manpower, (3) Lack of Government Support, and (4) Lack of Positive Community Feedback. Research Question 3 has only two essential themes: external and internal support. Lastly, the results indicate how crucial it is for government and non-government organizations to collaborate in project planning. This collaboration provides valuable guidance for volunteers looking to implement solutions for effective solid waste management in Davao City.

Keywords: Ecological Solid Waste Management, Volunteerism, Qualitative Phenomenology, Davao City.

SDG 13: Climate Action

INTRODUCTION

Many people have umpteenth events within our environment; on the other hand, some individuals put their effort into implementing such acts that could ease the complexities that the environment is facing. Thus, those in the youth sector tried to exert energy to mitigate most problems through volunteerism and the implementation of environmental protection. However, the youth sector has been facing challenges while implementing such action. Nonetheless, some people extend their support to pursuing advocacy for environmental protection. “Humanity depends on the boundless energy, ideas, and contributions of youth everywhere. Today and daily, let us support and stand with young people in shaping a just and sustainable world for people and the planet.” (UN Secretary-General Antoni Guterres, 2024).

According to Indonesia’s environmental ambassador, Tasya Kamila (2023), “Without youthful participation, decision-making and policy formation would be incomplete.” Youth have a right to be heard on their goals. Tasya emphasized to the young audience the value of cooperation in the fight against this issue. Young people must get involved in solving environmental challenges. Youth involvement in addressing the environmental issue has started in Indonesia. Following the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, it inspired some Indonesian youths to raise their participation and knowledge of the issue. This camp has successfully accommodated youth interest nationwide.

Additionally, youth-focused initiatives, led by young people from the environmental organization Sahabat Alam and the Friedrich Naumann Foundation (FNF), the student executive board of Universitas Indonesia, and Greaction collaborated to organize Universitas Indonesia Youth Climate Day in 2016. The event allowed the youth to gain inspiration from leaders in the field and improve their knowledge and understanding of opportunities to combat this pressing issue. (Climate & Development Knowledge Network Asia, 2023)

According to Chowdhury (2020), the government has increasingly seen young people as competent citizens with a right to participate and a responsibility to serve their communities. Youth are building their strengths by “making a difference” in ways that provide them with tangible benefits and allow them to help develop healthier communities. In the Philippines, youth between the ages of 15 and 24 are estimated at 18.7 million and comprise one-fifth of the total population (UN, 2010b). Filipino young people hold great promise in addressing critical issues like DRR because of their energy, passion, and number. Over the years, several national policies in the form of laws, resolutions, and plans have pushed for the inclusion of young Filipinos in DRR efforts. In examining these national policies formulated from 1974 to 2013, there is a noticeable shift from the view of youth as disaster victims and beneficiaries of relief aid and protection to the view of youth as resources, actors, and partners.

According to Gaspar (2022), youth volunteers possess skills needed in leadership, and they face a massive assignment as the voice of the youth sector. Thus, according to the Vice President of the Republic of the Philippines, Sara Duterte, the young volunteers’ talent, wisdom, and education can make an impactful difference in building a more sustainable future for our nation. Through the power possessed by young volunteers, they should use the opportunity to implement rules to protect the environment and mitigate such problems that burden our environment.

There is a lack of community participation in protecting the environment in localities. Davao City has various environmental problems that must be resolved, especially in watershed areas, deforestation in uplands, clogged drainages, and fighting for green space. According to Cudis (2022), the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, also known as “Republic Act number 9003,” was implemented in Davao City. The act was tested among the 10 largest Barangays in Davao City, and the youth participation from the leading force of youth leaders, seminars, and programs were implemented to inform young individuals about the penalties, rules, and regulations. Among the 55 candidates invited to participate in a program for environmental protection, only 20 participants gave feedback. It is disappointing as the rate of people should be sent in the said program, not Through numbers; with the hands of the youth volunteers, it should be on their will to provide action and engage in environmental protection.

The United Nations has established several goals to be directed on how to live sustainably. These goals serve as foundations for building a harmonious planet in various aspects such as the environment, health, water, etc. One of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations is Goal 13, “Climate Action.”  According to Shuwei (2023), environmental protection is a significant component of sustainable development. Thus, SDG 13 is inclined in our paper as it fosters combating climate change through environmental protection. It promotes the mitigation of greenhouse gasses and the implementation of policies and plans to fight against climate change.

The relevance of this study is to understand the role of youth volunteers and their participation in the Environmental Issues in Davao City. Davao City is a coastal, highly urbanized city in the Davao Region. Its population, as determined by the 2020 Census, was 1,776,949. This represented 33.89% of the total population of the Davao Region. This study is critical because it will help us comprehend how youth volunteers contributed to environmental issues in Davao City. Youth Leaders have both unique concerns and special responsibilities concerning the environment. Several ecological risks and hazards affect Davao City residents. This study would show how the youth volunteers engage in new forms of action that will generate effective responses to environmental challenges.

The primary objective of this study is to delve deeply into environmental protection as perceived and practiced by youth leaders in Davao City. This research aims to unravel the intricate tapestry of experiences, challenges, and insights that shape the roles of these youth leaders within the context of environmental advocacy. By exploring these young advocates’ rich and diverse experiences, we seek to gain valuable insights into their motivations, aspirations, and the tangible impact of their actions on environmental protection. As a result, the study aims to address the following questions: What are the primary experiences of youth volunteers in Davao City engaged in environmental advocacy? What are the key challenges these youth volunteers face in promoting environmental protection? How do youth volunteers in Davao City employ coping mechanisms to address the challenges encountered in environmental advocacy? What insights do youth volunteers in Davao City offer regarding the role of young people in environmental protection and sustainable practices?

The research faces limitations due to a generic situation. The research title is too broad, and the researchers may face difficulties assessing a specific program or solution to mitigate the environment’s complexities. Moreover, before environmental protection, its scope was too generic, and a one-specified alternative solution was not enough to be concluded as a remedy implemented by the young leaders.

Additionally, two theories are anchored to this study. Firstly, the Youth Empowerment Theory, as proposed by Shawn Ginwright, is a framework that underscores the significance of involving young individuals in decision-making processes, fostering their sense of agency, and empowering them to take active roles in addressing social and environmental issues. This theory posits that when young people are given opportunities to participate in meaningful ways within their communities, they develop valuable skills and knowledge and become more engaged and committed to creating positive change.

Within the context of Davao City and its youth leaders, this theory suggests that by empowering young individuals to participate meaningfully in environmental advocacy efforts, they acquire valuable skills and knowledge and become more deeply engaged and committed to driving positive change in their communities. The research seeks to explore how the principles of the Youth Empowerment Theory are manifested among youth leaders in Davao City concerning their roles, experiences, and contributions to environmental protection. It aims to uncover how their involvement in decision-making processes and engagement with ecological issues influences their perspectives, actions, and overall effectiveness as advocates for environmental sustainability within their local context.

Secondly, the Social Identity Theory is a well-established psychological theory developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s. This theory explores how individuals define themselves and their self-concept about various social groups to which they belong. It posits that people categorize themselves and others into groups based on shared characteristics, such as nationality, ethnicity, gender, or, in the context of your research, youth leadership in environmental protection. Tajfel and Turner’s work on Social Identity Theory has been foundational in understanding the role of group membership in shaping our attitudes, behaviors, and interactions.

Social Identity Theory delves into how individuals construct their self-concept by identifying with the various social groups they belong to. Our research helps us understand how these youth leaders define themselves and their role as advocates for environmental protection. They form a distinct social group based on their shared characteristics and interests related to environmental advocacy, and this group identity influences their attitudes, behaviors, and interactions.

Tajfel and Turner’s work on Social Identity Theory provides a solid foundation for comprehending the dynamics at play within this group of youth leaders. It allows us to explore how their identity as environmental advocates influences their commitment to protecting the environment, how their group identity shapes their interactions with other stakeholders, and how this sense of belonging to a group dedicated to environmental causes impacts their perceptions and actions.

METHODOLOGY

This section highlights the methods, procedures, materials, and instruments the researchers used to gather data for the study.

Design and Procedure

The researchers applied a qualitative approach in conducting this research to extend our knowledge in the study of “Advocating for the Implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act: A Tale of Volunteerism.” It is essential to understand the topic in a manner of gathering data thoroughly, and according to Tenny (2022), a qualitative approach is a type of research that will dig extensively into real-world problems. In that sense, applying the said type of research in this study is well-suited since this approach will focus on phenomena like experiences, attitudes, and behaviors. To understand the complexities of a particular phenomenon, a detailed interview to provide insights and data is a factor to consider as to why qualitative research is being used in this study.

Moreover, the researchers have chosen a case study as a research design. In research design, case study allows the researchers to have in-depth and multifaceted explorations of complex issues in real-life scenarios (Crowe, 2021). Thus, case study research design is usually used in qualitative research. As researchers who desire to dig deeper into an instance that must be resolved, a case study is one of the most applicable research designs for investigating different phenomena thoroughly. Through this research design, we will collect data needed to measure the implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management in Davao City.

This study is about “Advocating for the Implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act: A Tale of Volunteerism.” Hence, the researchers must extend their minds to gather data by interviewing the respondents regarding their primary experiences, key challenges, coping mechanisms, and insights. The respondents are primarily the leaders of a particular organization or the youth leaders who implemented the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.

Materials and Instruments

In this study, the researchers would employ an interview guide to collect valuable data from respondents. Given the current context, the study aims to engage with seven volunteers actively participating in ecological solid waste management initiatives. These volunteers would be encouraged to share their experiences and insights regarding implementing the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act in their community.

A semi-structured interview approach will be adopted to gather data effectively. The interview guide would serve as a framework for the respondents, providing them with questions while allowing them flexibility to express their thoughts and provide rational explanations.

Furthermore, the researchers would utilize the flexibility the semi-structured interview format offers by crafting open-ended questions. These questions would delve deeper into the volunteer’s understanding of ecological solid waste management, their challenges, and the underlying principles and influencing factors. Using open-ended questions would enhance the depth of data gathered and contribute to a more comprehensive evaluation of the volunteer’s perspectives.

The researchers would conduct constructive interviews that facilitate a profound exploration of the respondent’s reasoning and rationale behind their involvement in volunteerism related to ecological solid waste management. This approach would enable the researchers to create a comfortable space for the respondents to express their feelings, opinions, and insights passionately. Consequently, the research team would obtain a precise understanding of the experiences and perspectives of the volunteers, which are highly relevant to the study’s objective of advocating for the effective implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.

The participants of the study are specifically chosen Youth volunteers in Davao City. This study used a purposive sampling method known as judgmental or subjective sampling. In this approach, the researchers choose participants based on their judgment, as the study primarily concerns the involvement of Youth volunteers in Davao City’s environmental protection. In addition, the data will be collected from seven (7) participants. Besides, to identify these participants, the researchers will determine which barangays in Davao City have Youth volunteers actively engaged in environmental protection. Furthermore, participants will be selected from these barangays until seven individuals are chosen. It is important to note that participation in the study is entirely voluntary, and participants have the option to withdraw from the study at any time.

In conducting this research, the highest ethical standards have been meticulously upheld to ensure the protection and well-being of all involved parties. The study adhered to the ethical guidelines and standards set forth by the Higher Education Institutions Ethic Committees, and the necessary approvals from school administrators were obtained before commencing the study.

The researchers have given due consideration to the ethical dimensions of this study, encompassing an assessment of potential risks, the measures in place to mitigate these risks, and the suitability of the identified participants. It is essential to emphasize that the participation of our respondents is entirely voluntary, and every effort is made to maintain their anonymity, safeguarding their privacy.

Participants are provided with information to address any queries or concerns they may have about the research. They are then free to make an informed decision about their involvement. The fundamental principle of informed consent is rigorously observed throughout the study, ensuring that participants fully understand the nature and purpose of the research.

It is important to note that this study does not involve high-risk circumstances that might pose socioeconomic, psychological, or physical risks to the general population. The rights and well-being of research participants are safeguarded, with the utmost respect for their autonomy.

Additionally, the research maintains the highest standards of academic integrity. Proper citation practices are upheld, and to prevent inadvertent plagiarism, Grammarly software’s plagiarism and grammatical checks are employed. All knowledge and data gathered are meticulously recorded to ensure the absence of fabricated or falsified information within the study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section presents the analysis, presentation, interpretation, conclusion, and recommendation of the findings from the data gathered resulting in this study. It is obtained throughout nine months of gathering information on the selected participants who have been identified based on their profound expertise in ecological solid waste management implementation. The researchers conducted their analysis data in places in Davao City where selected barangay officials were assigned, and the participants were interviewed online and by phone. In these in-depth interviews, participants candidly shared their experiences and first-hand knowledge about implementing Ecological Solid Waste Management within their respective barangays.

The in-depth interviews took place between February 28 and March 31, 2024, specifically with youth volunteers in Davao City. Following the commencement of the interviews, participants were kindly requested to provide self-introductions, disclosing their names and current places of residency. Throughout this process, it was observed that each respondent held distinct perspectives on the Implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management within the barangay. The demographic composition of the participants included one female and six males, spanning ages from 20 to 25 years old.

To safeguard the participant’s identities, pseudonyms are used instead of real names. Participant 1 preferred to be referred to as ” Marco”, Participant 2, refer as “Allian,” Participant 3 named “Shane,” Participant 4 “Marlon,” Participant 5 “Lj,” Participant 6 “Jastine,” and Participant 7 “Reynold.”

As the interviews unfolded, the researchers engaged the participants in discussions regarding the study’s purpose, presenting the informed consent document and outlining the specific rights afforded to the participants during the interview process. A notable observation was the evident enthusiasm displayed by the participants in responding to the interview questions.

In addressing the pressing environmental concerns of Davao City, a comprehensive investigation was conducted, focusing on the vital role of community involvement in combating ecological challenges. Rooted in the findings of Cudis (2022), which shed light on the stark disparity between invited candidates and active participants in environmental protection initiatives, the study underscores a glaring lack of community engagement. Amidst watershed degradation, rampant deforestation, and the urgent need for green spaces, the discourse highlights the imperative for concerted efforts from all sectors, particularly the youth.

The researcher’s methodology aimed to capture a nuanced understanding of individuals’ practical challenges in implementing Ecological Solid Waste Management within the city. By soliciting personal experiences and narratives, the study sought to reveal the day-to-day realities encountered by those active volunteers addressing the challenges posed by Ecological Solid Waste Management in Davao City.

The research explores the challenges and complexities encountered by those directly involved, providing valuable perspectives to improve policies, boost community involvement, and strengthen the city’s ability to handle the negative impacts of volunteer efforts. This method emphasizes the significance of personal experiences in crafting successful approaches to rejuvenating volunteerism and addressing the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.

Experiences of youth volunteers in pursuing Environmental Advocacy

Youth volunteers who engage in environmental advocacy often face a steep learning curve as they navigate the complexities of environmental issues and the challenges of effecting change. However, their experiences pursuing these causes can be enriching as they witness the tangible impact of their efforts and the power of collective action. Through their involvement, these young advocates gain valuable skills, build strong communities, and develop a lifelong commitment to protecting the planet.

The global community and various advocacies promoting sustainability and conservation increasingly acknowledge the urgent need to address environmental degradation and climate change. The perception shared by the participants centered primarily on (3) existing themes. The three themes are varied advocacy that benefits the environment, advocates being educated and made more aware, and creating a culture of environmental responsibility.

Varied Advocacies Benefiting the Environment. Individuals engaging with different advocacies often become volunteers invested in environmental protection efforts. As Cornelius Edwin (2024) suggests, environmental advocates play a pivotal role as change agents in the face of formidable challenges. Their efforts are dedicated to raising awareness about environmental issues, educating communities, and garnering support for policies that safeguard ecosystems and foster sustainability. Environmental advocacy manifests in diverse forms, from grassroots activism and community mobilization to lobbying policymakers and legal advocacy. Through campaigns, protests, petitions, and outreach via social media, advocates amplify the voices of those most impacted by environmental degradation and advocate for tangible solutions. The Respondents of this study showed their experiences in promoting their respective advocacies.

“Ang experience nga akong na-encounter when it comes to environmental advocacy kay simple lang to siya nga program sa among school nga naghatag sila og community letters, cycling program which is ang students can be a volunteer para ma-educate mi about sa importance of recycling.” (The experience I encountered regarding environmental advocacy is a simple program in our school; they were given letters, a cycling program where students can volunteer, and us to be educated about the importance of recycling.) (P3, RQ 1)

“Promoting environmental advocacy here in Davao City is not that hard at all because everybody is quite educated enough; they know how to take care of the environment. As one of the advocates, we teach them nga kana ang buhaton, and because Davaoeños are disciplined citizens, dili siya ingon ana kalisod and because of it we know nga ang Davao City is one of the cleanest cities in the Philippines, making it a huge breakthrough for us as environmentalists.” (Promoting environmental advocacy here in Davao City is not that hard because everybody is reasonably educated enough; they know what to do and how to take care of the environment. As advocates, we teach them the right things to do, and because Davaoeños are disciplined citizens, it is not hard for us. That is why Davao City is considered one of the cleanest cities in the Philippines, so it was a massive breakthrough for us as environmentalists.) (P6, RQ 1)

This means that environmental advocacies are important for safeguarding and conserving our environment for future generations. Volunteers contribute to the success of environmental advocacy campaigns and initiatives, significantly raising awareness and advocating for sustainable practices.

Advocates are being educated and made more aware. To create meaningful change, advocates play an important role in various causes, including environmental conservation. However, the efficacy of advocacy efforts relies not only on passion and commitment but also on education and awareness. According to Rosamund Portus et al. (2024), progress toward adopting pro-environmental behaviors remains slow and inconsistent despite rising interest levels in global environmental challenges. Previous literature identifies the importance of education in addressing this inconsistency between the environmental values people hold and their behaviors, commonly described as the value-action gap. The participants in this study have shared their perspectives on the specific environmental advocacies that motivated them to volunteer or sparked their interest in volunteering.

“It is actually a campaign for zero plastic waste; however, I found some loopholes, which is why I engaged with some organizations to insert my own (what do you call that) pick up on this issue. It is zero plastic waste. It is quite idealistic, but I know that it can have a big effect if pursued by the citizens.” (It is a campaign for zero plastic waste; however, I found some loopholes, so I engaged with some organizations to incorporate my perspective. Zero plastic waste is idealistic, but I know it can have a big impact if citizens pursue it.) (P1, RQ 1.1.1)

In line with the theme of research question 1, this highlights the significance of advocacy, which engages in activities to heighten awareness, influence decision-makers, and rally resources to tackle urgent concerns. In this context, education emerges as an instrument, empowering advocates with the knowledge, skills, and insights to navigate these complexities effectively. The participant emphasized that education and awareness enable advocates to enhance their influence, rally communities, and achieve positive societal transformations. Hence, education empowers advocates to cultivate critical thinking and analytical skills, questioning conventional norms and embracing innovative strategies to confront persistent hurdles.

Creating a Culture of Environmental Responsibility. Establishing an environmental responsibility involves cultivating environmental awareness and responsibility among individuals, communities, and institutions. This promotes environmental consciousness, enhances environmental literacy, encourages civic participation, and instigates systemic transformations across various sectors of society. As Cornelius Edwin (2024) asserted, a shift in cultural norms is needed to achieve a more sustainable society. Culture is central in every society, shaping people’s attitudes, aspirations, and behaviors within the community. Culture tends to place culture at the center of a sustainable development process. Cornelius Edwin emphasizes that sustainable development initiatives must prioritize cultural change, recognizing environments primarily for their instrumental value rather than intrinsic worth. Therefore, addressing environmental problems goes beyond creating rules and laws prohibiting such environments/surroundings from destruction. Because such problems are traced to cultural practices, there is a need for mindsets to be changed. Transforming culture involves reshaping elements of individuals’ lives, including their beliefs and perspectives. Only through such cultural shifts can people’s attitudes and behaviors towards nature and the environment evolve. Introducing new perspectives on environmental stewardship becomes imperative for fostering the widespread adoption of sustainable practices.

“So, there are advocacies nga pwede nimo actively ma-apilan, and you can actively participate in them. So naa diha ang recycling program, like kabalo ka og proper waste disposal, so naa diha ang mag-advocate ka or mag-share ka og awareness with regards to sustainable practices like bisan sa imong mga kaila, mag-share ka lang og information about environmental issues. Also, kaning sa  conservation efforts, like you have the responsibility nga limitahan nimo ug dili na siya maayo.” (Some advocates are easy, and you can actively participate. It includes a recycling program, like proper waste disposal, advocating or sharing awareness concerning sustainable practices with your acquaintances, information about environmental issues, and conservation efforts.) (P3, RQ 1.1.2)

“Actually, for me, the most recent one. By protecting the Masungi Georeserve, it is part of our biodiversity and it has a huge impact if we know that we are protected by the people. Aside from that, I am also campaigning for the zero waste and as well as advocacy for not approving the establishment or any governmental projects that might affect our coastal, yeah, coastal environment.” (P1, RQ 1.1.2)

To achieve a sustainable society, it is imperative to cultivate a culture that embraces sustainability. This entails individuals within the community or society embracing their cultural values. Cultural sustainability involves preserving cultural elements to meet social, economic, and environmental sustainability goals.

Challenges of youth volunteers in promoting Environmental Advocacy

Youth volunteers are crucial in raising awareness and promoting action on environmental issues. However, they often face significant challenges in their efforts, including limited resources, lack of support from older generations, and difficulty engaging their peers. Despite these obstacles, many young people remain passionate about protecting the planet and are finding innovative ways to make their voices heard.

Lack of financial resources. Most experts emphasize that effective solid waste management should prioritize integration and sustainability, extending beyond technical considerations to encompass various aspects of sustainability for project success. Beyond the direct impacts of a project, the broader supportive environment significantly influences the performance and outcomes of a comprehensive and cost-effective solid waste system. According to Ishfog et al. (2021), Local governments need various tools to implement solid waste management (SWM) programs, including items like brooms, dust pans, dustbins, and more. However, numerous local governments face shortages of these essential instruments, causing delays throughout the SWM process. This issue is compounded not only by financial limitations but also by the authoritarian tendencies of officials, exacerbating the problem. Another obstacle is the requirement for financially viable, environmentally sound, and ethically beneficial technology to pave the way for a sustainable technological or administrative framework.

“Lisod siya ilihok kung walay nagsupporta sa inyong lugar. Naa, pero kulang og fund.” (It’s difficult to move forward without support from your area; there’s potential, but it lacks funding.) (P2, RQ 2.1)

“The lack of resources, so we need to, we need to have alternative resources for the advocacy to move forward and lack of budget and support from the government agencies and the LGUs.” (P4, RQ 2.1)

To implement solid waste management (SWM) programs, including items like brooms, dust pans, dustbins, and more, as stated by the study of Ishfog in 2021. Three supportive policies could be implemented to empower waste generators, handlers, and administrators to minimize waste generation: task and regulatory, socio-psychological, and financial incentives.

Lack of willing workforce. Without sufficient human resources committed to waste management, essential activities such as waste collection, sorting, transportation, and disposal may be delayed or performed inadequately. This can lead to the accumulation of waste, creating unsanitary conditions, environmental pollution, and potential health hazards for the community. According to the study (Issam, 2021), Citizens’ engagement relies partially on comprehending their perspectives and proactive participation in municipal solid waste (MSW) planning. Additionally, assessing the perception of the hazards associated with MSW is deemed crucial, as it facilitates the identification of shortcomings in the employed MSW management (MWM) strategy and helps determine the necessary training level. Furthermore, challenges in waste management scenarios are exacerbated by an insufficiently skilled workforce, irregular collection services, inadequate waste collection equipment, deficient legal provisions, and resource limitations.

“The first challenge would be stilling again and again to the minds of young individuals that they should be responsible in their waste management, because this would be very challenging for me because atong makita in our environment nga even though they are knowledgeable enough nga if maglabay sila it can cause hazard to the environment but they still doing it repeating and repeating. As for myself, moabot pud siya sa time nga it annoys me pero as an advocate I do not have really choice but rather to continue to educate them. Another challenge would be on how we gather people to be part of this movement, because you know it is indeed that everybody is educated enough about this but are they interested enough to join so that is one of the problems that we are facing. A lot of people are educated but wala sila nag-participate and that is quite unfortunate.” (The first challenge is instilling in the minds of young individuals that they should be responsible for their waste management. It is challenging because they continue to do it despite knowing improper disposal can harm the environment. Sometimes, it annoys me, but I must keep educating them as advocates. Another challenge is gathering people for this movement. Although many are educated about this issue, not everyone is interested in participating, which is quite unfortunate.) (P6, RQ 2.1)

This means it can be helpful if people from specific areas, even though they are not helping in different activities like clean-up drives, are responsible for throwing garbage into its place, which is already a big help.

Lack of government support. Generating waste, the type produced, and how it is managed or disposed of are distinct aspects. Frequently, it is observed that the rate of solid waste generation surpasses the capacity for responsible management. Waste originates from various sectors, including domestic, commercial, and industrial, and waste management responsibilities are often entrusted to governmental or administrative bodies. In numerous regions worldwide, communities are often viewed as passive recipients of government services and are frequently overlooked in local decision-making processes (Tadesse, 2020).

“Yes, actually, that is rampant to all organizations, especially in environmental organizations, because they lack support. Actually, there is support from the NGOs but coming from especially the government, masyadong maliit lang ang support na nakukuha nila and usually ang mga materials na ginagamit nila in order to provide progressing or anything that might help other people to be informed usually is coming from from the pocket of the volunteers.” Yes, that is quite widespread among all organizations, especially environmental ones, because they lack support. There is support from NGOs, but especially from the government; their support is minimal, and the materials they use to progress or inform others typically come from volunteers’ pockets.) (P1, RQ 2.1.1)

Because of the lack of support from the government, it is hard to continue implementing advocacy. Also, according to Tadesse, NGOs have played a crucial role in encouraging widespread participation in the developing world. The people trust them, and their voluntary efforts lend authenticity and integrity to their initiatives. Additionally, their membership is predominantly drawn from civic circles, which characterizes their interventions as self-help endeavors, enhancing their potential for success and longevity.

Lack of positive community feedback. Various interpretations of the concept of participation are delineated through four key “terms”: collaboration-input-sponsorship, community development, organization, and empowering. These terms elucidate diverse perspectives within the discourse on participation, each representing distinct intentions or objectives for which implementers embrace participation.

“I think the most challenging is kaning lack of cooperation or coordination with the community. Because if dili ta magtinabangay, wala man tay makuha kay dili lang man pud ako ang maka-benefit ani, sila man pod. Also included were na diri ang mga challenges regarding funding and mga equipment.” (The most challenging aspect is the lack of cooperation or coordination within the community itself. Because, of course, if we do not help each other, we will not gain anything because I will benefit from this, and they will, too. Also, there are challenges related to financial funding and equipment.) (P3, RQ 2.1)

“Challenges, aside from lack of funding, is because when you engaged to this activity it is quite cozy at the same time you will be having hard opinions from the people telling you to stop it is because they think it will not be effective because just imagine that you are composed of few students and you are trying to solve a big problem that we are facing right now. And for some people, those critiques coming in their opinions it totally affects us kasi for some ways just because we get to see demotivated there are also times nga we are losing the passion, but aside from that the existence of politics as well as the connections of the capitalists kasi they are the one na very affected when it comes to environmental like crisis because sila ang masyado mostly malaki ang contribution to this problem.” (Aside from lack of funding, challenges include facing criticism and opposition when engaging in these activities. It can be discouraging when people tell you to stop because they doubt its effectiveness, especially when you are just a few students trying to tackle a significant issue. These critiques can affect us profoundly, leading to demotivation and loss of passion. Additionally, the presence of politics and the influence of capitalists exacerbate environmental crises since they often contribute significantly to these problems.”) (P1, RQ 2.1)

Pointing out that everyone must do the same thing, not just by encouraging words but also by doing the same thing as other volunteers did. Not just wordy feedback but an action. There is an opportunity to approach solid waste management from a community or public perspective. By empowering the public to develop and strengthen their social connections, their active involvement in solid waste management can be effectively utilized. Community members can devise customized, practical, and sustainable methods for managing solid waste. In addition, Tsai argues that waste recycling aligns effectively with sustainable development principles and views it as an ideal waste management approach. Nonetheless, his analysis of the results from his research on the influence of social capital on regional waste recycling suggests a correlation, indicating that recycling is inherently tied to “community involvement” (Tsai, 2022). The active engagement of communities in all aspects of waste management activities is crucial and cannot be overlooked.

Coping Mechanisms of Youth Volunteers practice to address their Challenges.

Environmental protection volunteers have faced many challenges in the umpteenth century, yet their perseverance has been the highlight of their journey in the scope of the volunteers’ challenge; they have coping mechanisms to uplift themselves in volunteerism. These coping mechanisms can be external support, which covers the resources and the involvement of the community, and internal support, which links within the motivation of themselves.

External Support: Resources and Community Involvement. In volunteerism in the scope of environmental protection, various strategies are applied to help the volunteers cope with the different problems they face. The answers provided by the interviewees showed that support is essential in committing volunteerism, and through the support system they need, the burden they face as they struggle to deal with the problems they encounter in promoting environmental protection is mitigated and lessened. According to McLennan (2023), over the last 30 years, community participation in the lens of volunteerism has been a huge factor that helps the success of volunteers. Their presence can help you sustain your advocacies through their helping hands and involvement. McLennan added that volunteers’ coordination with the community is a bridge to managing environmental hazards, which consists of new initiatives highlighting the sustainability of advocacy in line with environmental protection.

With this, the essence of external support is linked with community involvement. As we analyze community participation, we see that their presence plays a huge role for the volunteers as it is the volunteers’ support system. One of the respondents answered one of the research questions. Participant number six stated that,

“First, you must have a very good support system. This is very important because as an individual we have our own advocacies, if you do not have a support system who will support you to your journey then it will be hard for you to accomplish your work, desire, and goal. So, the thing you need is a very fundamental man gud the support system and after that if you have a support system, they will be encouraging you to do this and that. After that you will be able to progress your work and to pursue and to a very positive manner ma-accomplish na nimo.” (First, you must have a perfect support system. This is very important because, as individuals, we have our advocacies. If you do not have a support system on your journey, it will be hard to accomplish your work, desires, and goals. So, what you need is a very fundamental support system. After that, if you have a support system, they will encourage you to do this and that. Then you can progress in your work and pursue it very positively, and you will accomplish it.)(P6, RQ 3.1).

The participant’s answer addresses the support system’s vital role in accomplishing the advocacy you pursue, especially in promoting environmental protection. Moreover, another participant from one of the respondents answered the same question. Participant 5 stated that.

“So, kana ang amoang pag-cope up ana nga challenges kay makig-istorya mi sa LGUs or sa barangays. Parehas sa amoang gibuhat sauna, ginapromote namo ang advocacy, and if they have resources nga willing nila nga matabang, ingon ana amoang strategy. Moduol mi dili lang sa brgy, but to different departments jud sa gobyerno na willing mutabang ana na advocacy.” (Talking with the LGUs or Barangays if they have the resources and if they are willing to help, that is our strategy. Not only the barangay, but different departments from the government to help sustain the advocacy). (P5, RQ 3.1).

The sustainability of any advocacy initiative hinges significantly on the active involvement and support of the community. When the community rallies behind a cause, environmental protection, or any other social issue, it creates a powerful momentum that propels volunteers toward their goals. With the community’s initiative and efforts, volunteers are buoyed by a sense of collective purpose and shared responsibility. This solidarity boosts morale and facilitates smoother coordination and implementation of advocacy activities. Moreover, the community’s presence is a constant reminder of the importance of the cause, reinforcing its significance in the minds of both volunteers and the broader public. When individuals see their neighbors and peers actively engaged in promoting environmental protection, it fosters a sense of accountability and inspires others to join the movement.

Additionally, the community’s local knowledge and resources can be invaluable assets to volunteers, providing insights into specific environmental challenges and offering practical support in addressing them. Thus, by harnessing the collective strength and commitment of the community, volunteers are better equipped to achieve meaningful and lasting change in environmental conservation efforts.

Internal Support: Intensifying Volunteer Motivation. In pursuing the advocacy that the volunteers passionately want to accomplish, they are motivated to continue their driving perseverance in achieving their goals of protecting the environment. The participants in this study propounded their ideas about being motivated to pursue their advocacy.

According to Larson et al. (2020), motivation is a crucial aspect of volunteering, and their efforts are usually measured by how motivated they are. Various tasks in advocating environmental protection can lead to exhaustion for the volunteers, and there are ways to cope and deal with it. Engaging with people with a volunteer background can help you be motivated; their experiences are a vital factor in how you will deal with the challenges you face as a volunteer. Through them as a tool for motivation, as an individual, you can instill it in yourself regarding handling such scenarios as an environment advocate. Participant number 2, Alliana, answered one of the questions in research number 3. The participant stated that

 “Dili mag-inarte unya, kanang naa kay dako nga kasing-kasing nga motabang nila for it to maintain the environment itself, unya dili pod mag-increase ang kaso sa dengue.” (We should do it wholeheartedly to help maintain the environment and stop the increasing dengue cases.)  (P2, RQ 3.1).

Instead of that, to be motivated in the scope of volunteering, there should be a will to accomplish the advocacy you pursue. The internal aspect of yourself as a driving factor is important in the lens of volunteers because the actions and steps for building progress in the advocacy you push should start with your actions. Just like Participant Number 2 has answered research question number 3, she sees the surroundings as an inspiration to take action to fulfill what the environment needs and what the people within the environment will not experience. Other than that, being surrounded by people who have experienced the same thing you do as a volunteer is a significant factor to consider in the lens of motivation. The study of Larson indicates the importance of a support system that incorporates the presence of the people around you. Connections like this can fulfill your advocacy by making you mentally and financially motivated, as these play a considerable role in volunteerism. Moreover, since humans are known to be inherently social creatures, the presence of people for motivation can link us to feel belonging, boosting our morale as volunteers.

Insights of Youth Volunteers regarding the implementation of Solid Waste Management Act

The involvement of youth volunteers in community initiatives brings fresh perspectives, energy, and creativity to addressing local challenges. These young volunteers offer unique insights into the needs and aspirations of their communities, driving positive change and fostering a sense of unity and empowerment among residents. Their contributions benefit the present and shape a more promising future for all community members.

Collaboration among Different Advocacy Groups. Collaboration among diverse advocacy groups in environmental protection, facilitated by volunteers, has become a strategy for addressing the issues of environmental degradation and climate change. Local decision-makers are entrusted with the responsibility of shaping the future of their cities to promote human well-being, resilience, and local economies. However, they also confront numerous critical social and environmental challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental justice issues. Nature-based solutions represent a significant tool for shaping urban futures and tackling these challenges. These solutions often require collaboration between various authorities and stakeholders across different spatial scales. Some of the most urgent challenges stem from climate change, ecosystem deterioration, and concerns regarding socio-environmental justice. (UNEA, 2022) Participant 3 and Participant 2 of this study stated that through collaboration with another advocacy group, it is easy to advocate through different resources like webinars, training, or seminars, and through this also, they can ask for financial support to sustain their advocacy.

“I think the one support or resource that could be provided to youth volunteers is simple access to training programs or seminars like kanang, which provide knowledge or help them gain an understanding of environmental matters. Moreover, kining there are certain organizations nga maka provide og sufficient fundings or can be sufficient backers nga ma showcase gyud ang ilahang drive to that certain advocacy.” (The one support or resource that could be provided to youth volunteers is simple access to training programs or seminars to provide knowledge or better understand environmental matters. Also, specific organizations need sufficient funding or can be a backer to showcase their willingness to engage in that advocacy.) (P3, RQ 4.1)

“Conferences such as environmental awareness are important, and if they are equipped and knowledgeable about how the world, our city, or the areas are being affected by environmental issues, they need to gain knowledge through resources, through webinars or training. Also, if they are willing, they must seek support, such as finances, which is one of the big problems gyud sa ingon ani because they are volunteers and they do not hindi sila paid or compensated. However, they are willing to take the risk and put in the effort to protect the environment, but we need  support gyud, support financially.” (Conferences such as environmental awareness and if they are equipped and knowledgeable about how the world is, how our city is, or how the areas are affected by environmental issues. They need to be knowledgeable to be equipped through resources, webinars, or training, and also, if they are willing to, they must seek support such as finances. That is one of the big problems because they are volunteers and are not paid or compensated to take the risk or make the effort to protect the environment, but we need support, especially financially.) (P4, RQ 4.1)

This means that to combat environmental challenges, collaboration among a wide range of advocacy groups has emerged as a powerful force for enacting positive change. This collaboration often involves organizing seminars, webinars, or training sessions to educate individuals about these pressing environmental issues and equip them with the knowledge and skills needed to address them effectively. Furthermore, their groups financially support organizations to sustain their advocacy. These initiatives aim to mobilize a knowledgeable and empowered community dedicated to environmental protection and sustainability by fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing among diverse advocacy groups.

The involvement of the government mobilizes the operations. The government has the fundamental power that should be utilized in promoting environmental protection. According to Wellalage et al. (2023), the power of the government leads to providing resources and influencing the community to implement policies and initiatives that align with environmental awareness. Moreover, this can lead to a brighter future for the future generation.

“So, ang impact niya sa local community is that ang community nga maadtuan or matabangan mahimong mahapsay ang ilang mga lugar, like natural resources like mag tree planting sila, ug kung makita nila ang pagbalik sa volunteers okay pod kay isa sila sa motabang then sila napod bahala mo-monitor sa kato nga project; sila na mo-continue ato nga project.”  (So, its impact on the local community is that the community visited or assisted tends to have well-maintained areas, such as natural resources. When they engage in activities like tree planting, upon their return, the volunteers find that the areas they’ve helped are in good condition. They also take responsibility for monitoring the project, ensuring its continuity and success.) (P5, RQ 4.1.2).

This talks about the initiatives on implementing policies and ensuring the community’s and future generations safety. Mobilizing the government’s power in the scope of the environment should be prioritized since various activities lead to complexities in our community committed by people. In the end, people will be the ones who will suffer.

Support from Other Sectors Builds a Sense of Community and Boosts the Morale of Volunteers. The other sectors of our community serve as a foundation for boosting the morale of volunteers through their helping hands and extending their efforts in assisting the volunteers. According to Funk (2021), the government can boost the motivation factor of the volunteers by providing them with financial support and taking the initiative to implement policies. One of the participants answered research question number 4 and stated

“Siguro, I think, kasi alam natin ang government, meron talaga silang budget. Lacking might be a problem, pero alam ko na ang government may budget for the environment. Supporting the NGOs would help di lang sa individuals in our society and even as a whole. An enormous workforce exists, and a lack of funding is one of the problems. Having these people to help us push our advocacy could lead to collaboration to solve existing problems. While it will not solve everything, it is a stepping stone. If there is a collaboration between the youth and the government, and they can provide the basics, I think it would greatly help with today’s problems.”  (“Maybe, I think, because we know the government has a budget. Funding might be a problem, but the government has an environmental budget. If we support NGOs, it would help not only individuals but also society as a whole. The workforce is there; lack of funding is one of the problems. Having these people to help us push our advocacy could lead to collaboration to solve existing problems. While it will not solve everything, it is a stepping stone. If there is collaboration from the youth and the government, and they can provide the basics, I think it would help a lot with today’s problems.”). (P1, RQ 4.1.3).

This means that even if there is help from the government through the funding they provide, the workforce should always be there to boost the volunteers’ morale. The more people involved in promoting such advocacy, the easier the task. While government funding is vital, the workforce is equally crucial for volunteer morale and effectiveness. A more extensive volunteer base enhances advocacy efforts, fostering enthusiasm and commitment. Diverse perspectives lead to innovative solutions, adapting to challenges with resilience. A robust workforce ensures continuity, which is vital for addressing long-term issues. Ultimately, volunteers breathe life into initiatives, propelling them toward success. Alongside financial support, cultivating an engaged volunteer base is paramount for lasting impact and positive societal change.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION

Conclusion

This section significantly covers the researchers’ implications, conclusions, and recommendations. The use of a qualitative phenomenology approach has been considered appropriate in this study because it primarily focuses on the policies currently in place for implementing ecological solid waste management, as well as the challenges, community support mechanisms, and insights into vulnerable communities.

The primary objective of this study is to discover the existing policies related to the implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM) in Davao City. This study demonstrates the challenges faced by barangay officials in executing these policies. The community support mechanisms and suggestions from vulnerable communities are also analyzed. The researcher used phone calls and online interviews to gather data from seven (7) participants, utilizing a qualitative phenomenological inquiry. This method identifies existing policies and determines mechanisms and insights toward the implementation of ESWM.

Based on the results and findings of this study, the comprehensive examination of themes sheds light on the intricate dynamics of ESWM policies in Davao City. It offers valuable insights for sustainable urban development. The first set of themes highlights the importance of integrating urban planning and land use regulations to ensure that new developments consider solid waste management infrastructure and incorporate green spaces. Coordination challenges identified in the second set emphasize the need for enhanced collaboration among different government departments responsible for urban planning, environmental protection, and public works. Poor waste management practices and insufficient infrastructure also underscore the urgent requirement for a holistic approach to address waste disposal issues and environmental sustainability.

The third set of themes underscores the critical role of community support mechanisms in the effectiveness of ESWM policies. Public awareness and education campaigns emerge as essential tools to inform community members about proper waste disposal and the impact of individual actions on overall waste management effectiveness. Active community engagement, including clean-up drives and participation in local planning processes, proves vital for sustaining solid waste management systems. Collaboration with local authorities further enhances cooperation and coordination in implementing and maintaining ESWM policies.

Lastly, insights from vulnerable communities emphasize the significance of inclusive decision-making processes. The importance of residents being included in decision-making related to ESWM revitalization is evident, and their unique challenges can provide valuable solutions. Strengthening policy implementation through the enforcement of existing regulations and the imposition of penalties for violations is crucial. Additionally, building partnerships with local non-profit organizations and community-based groups, as well as inviting agencies to contribute ideas, can further facilitate the implementation and improvement of ESWM policies.

Implication

This paper examines the experiences and encounters of barangay officials in implementing ESWM policies. This section also discusses the importance of this study to the community and how conclusions might impact various factors. Seven (7) barangay officials who led the ESWM policy implementation were evaluated by the researchers for this study.

The findings of this study show the necessity for an integrated, community-driven, and legally supported approach to solid waste management. Policymakers and urban planners should consider these multifaceted insights to develop and implement effective strategies that address the challenges faced by Davao City in managing its solid waste and ensuring a sustainable and resilient urban environment. In this study, the researchers assert that one of the government’s primary functions is to implement policy in the community, including extension services to improve the barangay’s ESWM. As researchers, we hope that the participants will use all the knowledge they learned through addressing the barangay’s solid waste management problems and conduct symposiums and meetings of the BDRRM program to adapt to the reality of our barangay and city as they move forward.

Since environmental sustainability is critical among waste-prone communities, the core idea of this study is to provide necessary recommendations to policymakers, government and non-government organizations, and vulnerable communities. In this regard, the researcher argues the importance of utilizing these ideas for the effectiveness of ESWM policy implementation. ESWM revitalization is deemed necessary according to the findings of this study. Barangay officials should respond directly and communicate constantly with their communities to identify areas needing enhancement.

The outcome of this study paves the way for school administrators, policymakers, the community, and future researchers to thoroughly examine different factors in implementing policies. It underscores the importance of collaborating with governmental and non-governmental organizations for project planning. It enables people to see the importance of their active involvement in policy development. Additionally, it refers to how local leaders adopt solutions necessary for revitalizing the ESWM in Davao City. Therefore, policymakers see the significance of cooperating with key agencies for project implementation. Moreover, this study will guide future researchers, specifically those focusing on policies, to extensively analyze various factors affecting policy implementation’s positive and negative impacts.

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