Contribution of Dean of Student’s Office on Student Academic Performance at Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania

Contribution of Dean of Student’s Office on Student Academic Performance at Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania

Romulus E. Msunga

The Institute of Judicial Adminstration (IJA) Lushoto P. O. Box 20, Lushoto, Tanga

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.8110278

Received: 15 November 2024; Accepted: 20 November 2024; Published: 25 December 2024

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to assess the contribution of dean of students’ office on academic performance of students at Higher learning Institutions. The factors which caused the poor academic performance such as: poor institutional policy and government, lack trained personals, there are insufficient resource specialists in guiding and counseling and combined with inaccessible classrooms, a lack of adequate, accessible physical infrastructure lack of fund from central government just few mentioned. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and efficient of DOS department on academic performance for students through: existing practice of the discipline and conduct and the applicability of social welfare services for students at Higher learning Institutions. A survey and observation methods were used for data collection by using questionnaires and interview checklist supported by personal overt ethnography, focus group discussions with a few informants. The sample size used was 85 during the data collection. The Statistical and Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20) was used to analyze the data. The findings observed the challenges of poor efficient and effectiveness of dean of student office in academic performance for students. From the study it can be concluded that much efforts are still needed to enhance full participation in academic performance for students at Higher learning Institutions. The study recommends on changes of mind set and perception by empowering the internal individuals and a whole community to understand and practice deeply the formation of students to a positive altitude.

Keywords: DOS Services, Social welfares, Guiding and Counseling, Higher learning Institutions and Academic Performance

INTRODUCTION

The role of the Dean of Students at higher learning institutions, particularly in Tanzania, has evolved significantly over the years (Mushi, 2017). The Dean of Students (DOS) is generally responsible for managing the welfare and non-academic needs of students, including counseling, extracurricular activities, and ensuring that students’ overall experience contributes to their academic success (NACTE, 2022). While there may not be a vast number of specific studies directly correlating the Dean of Students’ contributions to academic performance  of students in at higher learning Institutions, there are several aspects that can be considered when examining the role and impact of the  office of Dean of Students on academic performance (UDSM, 2020). The Higher learning Institutions is a public institution mandated to conducting legal training and academic programmes leading to award different courses (TCU, 2017).

The student academic performance at higher learning institutions in Tanzania is influenced by a combination of institutional, personal, and socio-economic factors. Several studies have indicated that the quality of teaching, access to student support services, mental health resources and socio-economic factors all play significant roles in shaping academic outcomes. Improving these factors can lead to higher academic success rates among students (Hearly & Jenkins, 2009).

The department  of  DOS is formed by several departments including Dean of Students unit which is composed by the Dean of students, Wardens, Janitor or Matron/Patron (Behrman, 2015). The dean of student office plans and directs university activities related to student services and campus life. As an administrator, a dean of students might help coordinate admissions, health services, financial aid, housing, and social programs for students (Kiburwi, 2018)

The office of dean of students is one of department which has its importance is an engine on looking the total ways of living of students within the institute by preparing the environment to be a good place of living and studying through shaping forming and transforming the negative altitude  to positive at  higher learning institutions ( Tamilenthi & Mbewa, 2012).

A Dean of Students of student’s office is responsible for the coordination of student-related programs at a university or college (Ngadaya & Mbilinyi, 2012). Also known as a higher education administrator, they help respond to students’ needs, direct admissions, collaborate with different departments and plan social programs for students. The dean of students plans and directs university activities related to student services and campus life. As an administrator, a dean of students might help coordinate admissions, health services, financial aid, housing and social programs for students (Majoko, 2013).

Office of dean of students is responsible to students with the major role on guiding and counseling services (Ngadaya & Mbilinyi, 2012). In the counseling is the application of mental health, psychological or human development principles that address wellness, personal growth, career development and more serious problems of stress,quarrels,stealing,sexual relations, attempting in killings and suicide).The Counseling is a developmental or intervening process for a human being especially for students and staffs  at Higher learning Institutions(Behrman,2015).

Guiding services means that is an activity of directing, watching and monitoring their total ways of living by considering the rules, regulations and by-laws at Higher learning Institutions.   Other minor duties and responsibilities social affaire like games, clubs, funeral, religion, relation, environmental,cleanness,wearings,contributions, visiting, promoting talents, discipline and maturity teaching (Behrman,2015).

The DOS department is very crucial and fruitful for the personal growth and academic growth of the students in all aspects of developments. The DOS department is sharper and changer of mindset of students in their behavioral change. The Dos Departments not only dealing the students but also the Higher learning Institutions. Staffs specifically in games and counseling services. The study observed several challenges in addressing the students’ affairs at Higher learning Institutions and came with the recommendations. There was ineffectiveness and inefficient of services delivery for students at Higher learning Institutions in Tanzania particularly at Higher learning Institutions (TCU, 2017).

The delivery services for students confronted by several challenges in Tanzania some include: lack of accommodation, poor support from local community and government, lack trained personals, there are insufficient resource specialists in guiding and counseling and combined with inaccessible classrooms (Behrman, 2015). A lack of adequate, accessible physical infrastructure (Mushi,2017), lack of fund from central government, very limited resources are available to carry out the requisite assessment and intervention processes (Kiburwi,2018).

The impacts of poor delivery services for students in Tanzania some including: reading difficulties, failure to comprehend information (Majoko, 2013), poor enrollment of students, and poor quality instructions sand poor knowledge for required personals (Tamilenthi & Mbewa, 2012).

Several measures have been done by the Government of Tanzania to reduce the problem of ineffectiveness and inefficient of services delivery  for students some including: National policy reviews, increase the skilled labour, financial support, awareness through seminars and civic educations, campaign and curriculum reviews but with little success.

Different studies from various authors have tried to give suggestions and recommendations to solve  problem of delivery services  for students  at  high learning institutions with little success some include: a study by Tamilenthi & Mbewa, 2012) focused on guiding and counseling services, KIburwe (2018) on exploring support services for pregnant and mothering students, Majoko (2013) on discipline and conduct for students  and  lastly a study by Behrman (2015) who focused on instructional barriers at higher learning Institutions.

From the studies   from different scholars, the effectiveness and efficient are unknown. Therefore, the study wanted to assess the effectiveness and efficient  of Dean of Students on academic performance of students at higher learning institutions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Description of Study Area

The study was done at Higher learning Institutions  by selecting four institutions namely  the University of Dodoma  ( at College of Social Science)  and  Institute of Judicial Administration (IJA) Lushoto.

This study was employed a mixed research approach by combining qualitative and quantitative research methods in different ways. The reasons for choosing this approach some is that; the Mixed research approach focuses on collecting, analyzing and mixing both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study; and in combination of those two approaches, it provided a better understanding of research problems rather than either research alone.

A Cross-Sectional Research Design was adopted in this study, and the reason that, it allows direct observation of the events to be studied and interview of the persons who will be involved in the events.The targeted population involved the students that at Higher learning Institutions. Staffs which make a total of students and staffs are almost 2650 people around the Higher learning Institutions.  In this study, the unit of analysis was the individual members composed students and Higher learning Institutions staffs who were concerned with academic performance to whole welfare of students   were taken at this study.

A sample size is the representation of certain population to provide reliable information of the population (Yamane, 1967). A 95% confidence level and p=0.05 will be guided by the study. The formula for calculating the sample size by using the Precision level Error which is: e = 0.05 and where N is total population and n is the number of sample size.

The formula n=N/1 +N (e²)

=2650/1 +2650 (0.05) ²  =98.8 ≈ 100 .

n=100 number of the respondents.

Therefore, the sample size was 100 respondents.

The data collection methods help the researcher to get information from the field through different approaches of data collection by using primary and secondary data. Some methods of data collection that will be used some are:  Questionnaire, Interview, Focus Group Discussion and Observations.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents the research findings and makes analysis and discussion of the findings with the evaluation of effectiveness and efficient of DOS office on academic performance for students at Higher learning Institutions. The findings were presented in the form of information obtained   85 people  as a  sample size which includes students, Higher learning Institutions.  Staffs, local communities, street executive officer and religious leaders.

Also the study comprised of 85 respondents whereby 53 were the community members and 32 were key informants. Thus the findings are preceded by the characteristics of the respondents. The data collected from the field during data collection were presented and analyzed critically. The presentation and analysis of the findings were based on the research objectives and questions as provided in this part.

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness and efficient of DOS department in academic performance for students at Higher learning Institutions. The first objective was focused on the structure of DOS department   in academic performance for the students at Higher learning Institutions.   The Second objective was investigated that there were the poor practice of guiding and counseling services for students at Higher learning Institutions. The third objective was analyzed there a lack poor accommodation services for students at study area. The fourth objective was examined that the existing practice of the discipline   and conduct for students was poor and the fifth objective was to analyze   the applicability of social welfare services for students   at Higher learning Institutions.

The Structure of DOS Department   in Serving the for Students at Higher learning Institutions.  

The Structure of Higher learning Institutions  DOS Department

From the field, the respondents replied that the  structure of office of dean of students responded by dean of students by  25(29.4%), warden were  12(14.1%), janitor  were  15(17.6%) and lastly the position of matron were  18(21.2%).

Table 1: The Structure of DOS Department                  

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.             

The data revealed that the DOS structure known by the most where by rules and responsibilities must be fulfilled accordingly. The DOS department must redefine and return back the services to the students. These responses were replied by the respondents who showed the structure of the office as shown in Table 4.

The Challenges facing the chain of command at DOS department at Higher learning Institutions.  

Some Challenges which face the chain of command for DOS department

At the field, the respondents gave the challenges facing the chain of command of DOS department some include: poor accountability among the DOS members were  9(10.6%), poor obedient were  51(60%), entrusts were 13(15.3%) and lack of integrity were  12(14.1%).

The data revealed that the poor obedient among DOS members concerning the chain of commands. It results that a poor performance, improper duties and responsibilities and poor services to the students at study area.      

During the interview, one of the respondents replied that:

“The chain of command within the  department is difficult because   the members ignore each others, every  one  pretends  to know everything, not want to be ordered by in charge”( Interviewee, March, 2023).

At focus group session, one of the discussant commented that:

“The department need to be reformed, the Higher learning Institutions. The  management is requested reform  the department either by allowing the transfer in and transfer out in order to bring back the status of department” (FGD, March, 2023).

The Practice of Guiding and Counseling Services at Study Area

The Guiding and Counseling for Students

From the field, the number of respondents was asked about the counseling services if  it was done at their area. The number of responded who replied “Yes” that guiding and services were done to the students by 25(29.4%). For the respondents who replied “No “that the guiding and counseling services were not provided by 60(70%).

The respondents  were given the  chance to rank the guiding counseling services provided to students at study area as follows: who said that the guiding and counseling services were always offered were  15(17.6%), who said that it was sometimes  provided were  25(29.4%), who said that   services were very often were  12(14.1%), who said that the services were rarely provided were  15(17.6), who said that guiding and counseling  the services  were never offered were  18(21.2%), as shown in Fig.5.

During the interview, one of the respondents replied that:

“Guiding and Counseling services is crucial for living totality of human being especially for students and staffs” (Interviewee, March, 2023). At focus group session, one of the discussant commented that: “We need guide and council for our growth physical, mentally, financially, social and spiritually” (FGD, March, 2023).

Figure 5: The Scaling on Guiding and Counseling for students at study area

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023

The findings revealed that the guiding and counseling for students were provided sometimes when the problems occur or found. It was not realized and recognized as proper and crucial services for students at study area.

The Capacity Building for  Guider and Councilors at study area

The factors which Hinder Training for DOS Officers

From the field, the number of respondents mentioned some factor which hinder training DOS officers some include: the respondents who said that due to the lack of financial support were 18(21.2%), who said that due to poor priorities were 23(27.1%), who said that it was due to lack of fund were 21(24.7%), who said due to the lack of human resources were 8 (9.4%) and  who said that due to the restriction from central government concerning the trainings for DOS officers as shown in Fig.6.

Figure 6: Some factors which Hinder Training for DOS Officers

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023

The data revealed that poor priorities were 27.1% in training for officers from DOS departments in order to get different skills, capacity buildings and experiences from other institutions on how to handle the students challenges.

During the interview, one of the respondents replied that:

 “The members of department need to get more training in order to build the capacity and to have new approach in dealing  with students affairs”( Interviewee, March, 2023). Also , during the focus group session, one of the discussant commented that: “The department members are requesting the management to train especially in counseling and guiding in order to help the students” (FGD, March, 2023).

Motivational for DOS Officers

The Scaling of Motivational for DOS Officers

The respondents who replied that there was motivational at working area and were given to weigh the extent of the motivational for DOS officers. The respondents who replied that the motivational was in a participatory way were 10(11.8%), who said were secretly by supervisor were 33(38.8%), who replied that was not done were 27(31.8%) and the respondents who replied that none of the above were  15(17.6%) as shown in Table 11..

Table 2: The Motivational for DOS Officers

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

From the data revealed that the motivational for DOS officers was unknown, secret and restricted by supervisors. The Higher learning Institutions. The management should note by listening their challenges, discussing their issues and have a free dialogue in order to bring an effectiveness and efficient at working place.

The Factors  which Hinder Motivational for DOS Department

From the field, the data was shown that there were factors which hinder motivational for DOS officers were described as follows: the respondents who replied that the motivational was hindered by poor national policy  were 9(10.6%), who replied that due to lack of fund were 51(60%) and  due to personal weaknesses of officers were 13(15.3%) ,as shown in Table 12.

Table 3: Some Factors which  Hinder Motivational for DOS Office

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

From data given shows that the respondents who replied whether the DOS officers were ready for counseling and guiding the students. The respondents who  replied that the DOS officers were ready to guide and council were 34(51%) and  who replied that there was no guide and council were  51(60%).

At the interview, one of the interviewee replied that:

“The members want to be motivated   through training in short course and long course and  given extra time payments”( Interviewee, March, 2023).

At focus group session, one of the discussant commented that: “The department members are requesting the management to train especially in counseling and guiding in order to help the students” (FGD, March, 2023).

Table 4: The Counseling and Guiding the Students

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

The data described the level of availability of guide and council for students   as shown: the respondents who replied that the guide and council was completely agreed were 14(16.5%), who replied that guide and council was most agreed for students  were  22(25.9%), who replied that it was slightly agreed were 21(24.7%) and the respondents who replied that the guide and council was mostly disagreed were  28(32.9%) for serving the student at Higher learning Institutions, as shown in Table 13.

The Peace and Security for students at Study area

Table 13: Peace and Security for students at Study area

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

The Accommodation Services for Students at Study Area

The factor which Hinder Aaccommodation Services at Study Area

From the field, the respondents mentioned some challenges which facing accommodation services at Higher learning Institutions including: a lack of hostels to accommodate all students were 9(10.6%), due to the limited funds from central government were 21(24.7%), poor political will were 17(20%), poor priorities from central government were 17(20%) and Higher learning Institutions depends on one source of income for constructions, as shown in Table 14.

Table 5: Some Factor which Hinder Accommodation Services at Study Area

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

From the field data the findings observed that the single source of income of institution from fees   which is little compared to other expenses and fail to build more hostels. The institution need to find more multiple sources of income in order to improve the accommodation services for students.

During the focus group session, one of the discussant commented that:

“the Higher learning Institutions   needs more hostels  in order to accommodate more numbers of students to stay at Higher learning Institutions   hostels and  Higher learning Institutions   is losing a lot of money by paying to private hostels” (FGD, March, 2023).

At the interview, one of the interviewee replied that:  “Our core activities have been taken by the Higher learning Institutions   management and we are not doing our activities of accommodations services and we are interfered by the management” (Interviewee, March, 2023).

The existing practice for Disciplines   and Conducts for students at study area

The challenges facing the Higher learning Institutions   by Laws and regulations Enforcement at study area

The field data shows the challenges facing the by Laws and regulations enforcement at Higher learning Institutions   were described as follows: the  respondents who replied that due to the poor commitments for DOS officers were 12(14.1%), who replied that due to poor corporation among  DOS members were 16(18.8%), lack of conformity in daily activities were 18(21.2%), sexual relations were 21(24.7%) and  who said that by Laws and regulations enforcement   was due to poor punishment were  18(21.2%) as shown in Fig.10.

Figure 10: Some challenges facing the Higher learning Institutions by Laws and regulations Enforcement at study area

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

At focus group session, one of the discussant commented that:

“Higher learning Institutions   is supposed to come back to see on how to help the students because the majority of students are young, they need our cares, directives and  dedicate our good examples through deeds and words” (FGD, March, 2023).

At the interview, one of the interviewee replied that: “Higher learning Institutions   is supposed to have a strong by laws and regulations in order to help the  majority of students, also Higher learning Institutions   needs to have its own hostels in order to control the behavior of our students ”( Interviewee, March, 2023).

The Challenges Facing the Students on Discipline and Conduct at their areas

The data from the field described the challenges facing the poor discipline for students some include:  a lack of awareness for the majority of students were 10(11.8%), lack of internal hostels were 18(21.2%), poor guiding and counseling for students were 20(24.2%), local interaction with different people at streets were 18(21.2%) and poor supervision of by laws for the students are living outside Higher learning Institutions   campus were 21(24.7%), as shown in Table 16.

Table 6: Some challenges which face a Poor discipline and Conduc for students at Higher learning Institutions

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023

The reveled data showed that poor guiding and counseling were  24.2% for students at Higher learning Institutions. Management, Dos department and academic advisors must be come together in order to help the majority of students in shaping and forming their minds into a positive change.

The Applicability of Social Welfare Services for Students at Higher Learning Institutions

Factors which hinder the performance of  Sports and Games at study area

From the field data shows that the number of respondents give some factors which hinders sports and game at study area were as follows:  who replied that due to  the lack of fund by 17(20%) , lack of plans and strategies were( 28(32%), lack of support from other stakeholders were 22(25.9%), poor coordination among members were 15(17.6%), and lastly due to the lack of motivation  were 3(3.5%) as shown in Table 17.

Table 7: Factors which hinder the performance of Sports and Games at study area

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023

The data revealed that the lack of plans and strategies by 32.9%   on how to improve sports and games at Higher learning Institutions .The DOS department is responsible to supervise and plans all issues concerning the sports and games.

The Standard of Cafeteria in Academic performance at Study area

The Scaling of Cafeteria Services provided at study area

From the field data, the respondents who replied that there were level of cafeteria services by giving the range such as ; who replied that the cafeteria services were very good provided were  12 (14.1%), who replied  that the services were good were  37(43.5%), who replied that the services was barely were  18(21.2%) and the respondents who replied that the cafeteria services was very poor were  18(21.2%) as shown in Fig.11.

The findings observed that the cafeteria services were good were 43.5% compared to other levels. The cafeteria services needs more improvements in order to maintain standards and quality.

Figure 11 :The scaling of cafeteria services provided at study area

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

Some Factors which Hinder the Environmental Conservational at Study Area

At the study area, the number of respondents gave the factors which hinder environmental conservation at study some include: poor coordination between students and staffs in keeping the environment were 16(18.8%), lack of awareness were  22(25.9%), poor emphasize from leaders and management were 15(17.6%), lack of support other stakeholders were 18(21.2%) and poor government policy on how to keep and restore the natural conservation were 14(16.5%) as shown in Table.18.

Table 18: The Factors which  Hinder the Environmental Conservational

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

The finding from the field observed that lack of awareness by 25.5% for students on environmental conservation by protecting, keeping and afforesting the open space at Higher learning Institutions.  

At the interview, one of the interviewee replied that:

“Every one is responsible for making the Higher learning Institutions   to be a good place for living and learning” (Interviewee, March, 2023).

At focus group session, one of the discussant commented that “The good environment is a healthier for our beings to enjoy the atmosphere, living conditions and  working environment for staffs and students to be   a part of this community” (FGD, March, 2023).

The Health, Diseases and Funeral  Affairs

The respondents were asked if there was organized  the health issues, sick person, and funeral process at study area by giving the following answers, some of respondents  replied that  it was organized and planned properly were 22(25.9%) and respondents who replied that  was not organized and planned, as shown in Table.19.

Table 19: The Health, Diseases and Funeral Affairs

Source: Fieldwork Survey, 2023.

The finding implies that the social welfare services were not well organized and unplanned for students and staffs in order to bring the conducive environments for studying and working. As a result, it reduces the academic performance for students at study area.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of the findings

The study also aimed in assessing the effectiveness and efficient of DOS department in academic performance for students at Higher learning Institutions.  Study focused on the structure of DOS department   practice of guiding and counseling services, accommodation services for students, existing practice of the discipline   and conduct and the applicability of social welfare services for students in academic performance for the students at Higher learning Institutions.

Conclusion

In the conclusion, the findings observed that there was   poor effectiveness and efficient of DOS department in academic performance for students at Higher learning Institutions by looking the structure of DOS department   in serving the students at Higher learning Institutions   with some indicators including Dean of students, Warden and janitor and Matron).The practice of guiding and counseling services for students at study area by some indicator including poor knowledge, poor lack of interests, lack of passions and irrelevant professional for some professional, poor guidance and counseling.

The accommodation services for students at study area with some indicator some including: rooms arrangement process, lack of space available number of hostels,   environment of off campuses accommodation and   poor security for students who are staying off campus. The existing practice of the discipline   and conduct for students at study area with some indicators: poor enforcements of by-laws, poor supervising and controlling the regulations and procedures for students who staying off campus and punishment and rewards. Poor restrictions of time in and out for students who are living within the campus.  During the nights, no close supervision of students behaviors due to the absent of matron/patron/warden.

The applicability of social welfare services for students   at Higher learning Institutions   with some indicators including: poor plans and strategies on sports, poor environmental conservation   done by students, poor standard of cafeteria services, unawareness of sickness, and death and funeral process by majority of students on how to take measures.

Recommendations

The measures to be taken to improve   the DOS academic performance for students at Higher learning Institutions. In the objective one was to examine the structure of DOS department   in serving the students at Higher learning Institutions   by rechecking the structure of Dean of students, Warden and Janitor and Matron on academic performance for students. Everyone must have a clear duties and responsibilities with written documents. Higher learning Institutions   management is advised to find and allow the transfers and replacements for employees who are willing to go and to come for betterment of academic performance and healthier of the institution.

The objective two was to investigate to what extent to examine the practice of guiding and counseling services for students at study area by improving training, workshops and  seminars  the  DOS must be motivated  in order to robust the  interests, the  passions of DOS officers must looked for the benefits of the institutions and relevant professionals must looked in order to bring the  best services  and  guiders and counselors must be trained  in order to save the students and staffs. The DOS department has the roles and responsible not only for students but for staffs in guidance and counseling services.

The analysis of the accommodation services for students at study area by having a proper room’s arrangement process especially for the first years to live in campus. The institutions must find the multiples sources of income in order to build more hostels. The environment of off campuses accommodation and   the security for students who are staying must be noted for the owners of hostels by revisited the areas and remind the owners of hostels by having the by-laws on how to improve the security of students and their properties.

The assessment of the existing practice of the discipline   and conduct for students at study area by enforcing the Higher learning Institutions   by-laws must be monitored and supervised closely the DOS and all staff.  The by-laws must be followed by the students and must maintain the Higher learning Institutions   discipline for our students and staffs. The supervising and controlling the regulations and procedures for students who are staying off campus must be emphasized with a close supervision. The security guards must be given the responsibilities to recheck the immoral behaviors by reporting and sending the authorized organ for implementations. They must monitor the time of passing in and out at the gate. They must be authorized to catch and send to specified organ for punishments for those are misbehaving.

The strong punishments must be taken seriously for students who are dangerous for their fellows, communities and nation as whole.  The rewards must be given to the students who have best discipline in order to motivate others.  The Higher learning Institutions   management should put restrictions of time in and out during the night for students who are living within the campus.  During the nights, no close supervision of students behaviors due to the absent of matron/patron/warden. The applicability of social welfare services for students   at Higher learning Institutions   by having the annual plans and strategies on how to improve the sports and games for students and staffs at Higher learning Institutions   The environmental conservation   done by every students to make sure they keep the environment, cleanness, remove voice, silence areas, peace and security within the Higher learning Institutions   communities.

The standards and quality of cafeteria services must be observed several times. The awareness programmes must be repeated several times from different areas especially on health, environment, entrepreneurship and business areas through seminars, workshop, clubs and bonanza. The keys internal replacement, penalties on maintenances, the law breakers-internal investigation and more observation methods must be given more time to researcher must be observed for accurate information. The institute should create the religious advisors (Champlain-leaders) for the purposes of helping the students to grown spiritually as a result Higher learning Institutions   will be a good place for studying and living. The accommodations services should be done by using online systems in order to avoid the misunderstanding and mistrust between management and Dos office.

All in all if the all mentions welfares above will be considered , the conducive environment  of  mind, body, soul  to be in harmony and relations  between  lecturer, students and other stakeholders will help to form and sharp the behaviors and environment as a result the academic performance of students will be obtained.

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