Deception in the Name of Jesus

Deception in the Name of Jesus

Mussa Ame Mussa

P.O Box 4610, Zanzibar, Tanzania

B.Sc. (Education) University of Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania 1989

BAISS( Bachelor of Arts in Islamic Studies). Islamic Online University 2019.

MAISS (Master of Arts in Islamic Studies). Islamic Online University 2022.

Affiliation: Teacher at Turkish Maarif School Mombasa Zanzibar and Member of the Islamic Organization for Economy and Development

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.806155

Received: 14 May 2024; Revised: 30 May 2024; Accepted: 04 June 2024; Published: 13 July 2024

ABSTRACT

Deception can be defined as the act of causing someone to accept as accurate or valid what is false or invalid [1]. This paper analyses several Christian dogmas, that is, the established opinions by the church concerning the faith or morals that are either debatable or contradictory or against the writings of the bible.  There is a need for research analyzing the bible and the Quran teachings compared to the beliefs of the church and accepted by the majority of people. Still, in reality, those beliefs are contrary to the teachings of religious doctrines. The paper will analyze the Nicene Creed adopted at the First Council of Nicaea in 325. In 381, in comparison to early Christian belief.

The paper will discuss Paul’s contribution to Christianity and what changes Paul made in Christianity, which are against Jesus. Paul was an author of a large part of the New Testament (Perkins, 1988, p.4). Deception can come from omissions, additions, misinterpretation, fabrication, exaggeration, understatements, and distortion of information.[2]

Keywords: Deception, divinity, God, Jesus, the Quran, the Bible, Christianity, Islam.

INTRODUCTION

Deception is the act of convincing people to accept untrue information. The person who deceives others might know that the information conveyed is false, or the conveyer of information might be ignorant of the truth of the information conveyed (Daly, 2013).

Christian dogma, such as the divinity of Jesus, which asserts that Jesus is either God or the Son of God, is the most controversial issue in the Bible. Christians believe the status of Jesus is more than Prophet; actually, Christians believe that Jesus is God almighty and they worship him.[3] Paul was also a source of Deception as he introduced many deceptions in the name of Jesus, and he admitted that he used Deception.[4]

The teachings of early Christians were different from those of later Christians because of Deception and distortions introduced into Christianity. Therefore, Christology should be revised and analyzed. Norbert Brox (1995) commented that Jesus worshiped in Jewish temples and followed the laws of the Torah (A Concise History of the Early Church, 1996, p. 4).

Christians’ beliefs are full of Deception and heresy that disqualify them from the true religion. Therefore, Christians should be informed of real beliefs and the Deception introduced in their religion. The Bible has been changed, distorted, and misinterpreted, and some information has been deleted and some fabricated, and this is the source of Deception in Christianity (Bill Brinkworth, 2015).

METHOD

This research paper will mainly use a secondary data collection method, which is the collection of contents from various published sources, such as an online database, the sacred writings from the Bible, and the Quran, and books of scholars about Deception in Christianity. [5]

This paper will make a deep analysis of various teachings of Christianity which is related to Jesus compared with the bible teachings and identify the difference between the actual Jesus teachings compared with the doctrine of the Divinity of Jesus, the Trinity, crucifixion, salvation, and the difference between Jesus original religion and the present day Christianity; the research will analyses   Christianity, practiced today, and its difference with the original teachings of Jesus.

THEORETICAL REVIEW

Robert E. Hill(2010), in his book “Deception in the Body of Christ,” discussed how Satan can whisper the human mind from devotion to Jesus Christ. He discussed Deception and sin and how to defeat Deception and sin. The book discusses false prophets and how deception can result from heretical doctrines. Colin Urquhart (2003), In his book “Explaining Deception,” argued that Deception is anything that doesn’t agree with Jesus as Jesus is the truth. (p.8). He only mentioned Satan as a deceiver. He failed to explain several Christian myths that are against Jesus’ teachings, such as the divinity of Jesus, the doctrine of the Trinity, the doctrine of Salvation through Jesus’s blood, and crucifixion dogma.  The relationship between Jesus Christ and Christianity needs further research as it seems there is a gap between the teachings of Christianity today and the teachings of Jesus in the Bible.

Scott Volk (2019) commented that Jesus did not come to earth to start a new religion called Christianity. Muhammad Ata ur-Rahim (Feb 29, 1996) thought that Jesus was a Prophet of Islam, and this is the Islamic point of view. This research paper will analyze the teachings of Jesus in the Bible, and the teachings of Christians today and the paper will find Jesus original teachings from the bible and the deception in the name of Jesus.

DISCUSSION

Evidence of  deception in the name of Jesus.

The Bible warned of false Prophets, and insisted that there would come the false Prophets who would lead people astray using false stories, and those false prophets would deceive many people.

Jesus, Peter,John, and Matthew warned that there would be false Prophets, and they would mislead many Christians. Mark said that they would perform signs and wonders, leading astray even the elected ones. Apostle John said that there would be many false prophets in the world. Even though he contributed much to deception, Paul warned the people about getting teachers who would turn their ears away from the truth.

Jesus said, “Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves” (Matthew 7:15).

Jesus confirmed that not all people who cast demons and do wonders in his name will enter paradise. But only those who do the will of Supreme God.’ Jesus will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from me, you who practice lawlessness!'” (Matthew 7:21-23).

Jesus prophesized that those false Prophets would deceive many people. Jesus said that people will turn away from faith and hate each other. Many false prophets will appear to them, and deceive many people. (Matthew 24:10-11)

Jesus warned of the presence of Deception after him and told his disciples, “Watch out that no one deceives you. For many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Messiah,’ and will deceive many. (Mathew 24:4-5)

Jesus argued that many false Prophets will appear and they will do many signs and wonders which will deceive even the elected ones “. (Matthew 24: 23-24)

Apostle Peter also warned of the deceivers who would be false Prophets and would teach heretical teaching in Christianity; he prophesized the raising of false teachers who would bring destruction to the teachings of Christianity. The great sign of those false teachers is to deny the Sovereignty of the Supreme God who created the Universe.  Another feature of the deceivers is using fabricated stories. (2 Peter 2:1-3).

Apostle John also warned his fellows not to believe every Spirit because some spirits are the false Prophet, and he said there will be many false Prophets (1 John 4:1).

The Bible says, “For false messiahs and false prophets will appear and perform signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect. (Mark 13:22)

Deception about the Divinity of Jesus

Jesus is not divine, and he never claimed to be divine, but Christian scholars have argued that he was divine; some assert that he is the begotten Son of God, while others think that Jesus is God in the form of a man.

Siniscalchi, G.B. (2010) believes that the divinity of Jesus is the most contradictory doctrine in Christianity. Actually, the Supreme God cannot appear in the form of a man or Angel Gabriel because the true God is omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and omnibenevolent. [6]

Omnipotence means that God is in total control of himself and his creation; it refers to God’s all-powerful character; nothing is outside of His ability, and no one can exercise power over Him.  The Bible says, “Why do the nations say, “Where is their God?”  Our God is in heaven; He does whatever pleases Him. (Psalms 115:3). Jesus admitted that he has no power to do anything by himself. He seeks the pleasure of the Deity who sent him. (John 5:30). Jesus here admitted that he has no power of his own, so he is not omnipotence and hence he is not a God.

Omnipresence means that God’s power and knowledge extend to all parts of his creation, and God is present everywhere.  God sees all children from where He sits, and He looks on the inhabitants of the earth (Psalm 33:13-14 also Psalm 139:7-10). Neither Jesus nor Gabriel had this attribute. Neither Jesus nor Gabriel is omnipresent; therefore, those two are not God.

Omniscience is the attribute of all-knowing, but neither Jesus nor Gabriel knows everything. Jesus said about the hour that no one knows its time except the Father, so only the Father is Omniscient, which means only the Father is a true God.

The Bible says, “But about that day or hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father (Matthew 24:36). The bible says, “God is greater than our heart, and he knows everything. (1 John 3:19-20, ESV). So, neither Jesus nor Gabriel are Omniscient; therefore, they cannot be Gods.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines Omni benevolence as “unlimited or infinite benevolence.” So God is the most kind and most giving and able to show mercy to all Creation. Only God almighty can do this. He feeds animals, birds, and fishes and sustains all living creatures (Psalm 145:9 ESV). Neither Jesus nor the Holy Ghost can feed the whole creation.

Evidence of those who claimed the divinity of Jesus

1. Jesus has divine knowledge because he said, “All things have been handed over to me by my Father, and no one knows the Son” (Matthew 11:25–27). Mackintosh (d 1936), argued that this verse shows the correlation between the Father and the Son.[7]
2. Jesus said, “he who has seen me has seen the Father” (John 14:6–9). Jesus and the Father are one (John 10:30); Here Jesus used “Father” as a personal name rather than as a metaphor or a description of what God is like.[8]
3. Bauckham (2008) argued that Jesus is not claiming that he and the Father is a single person but that together they are one God (Richard Bauckham, Jesus and the God of Israel (Milton Keynes: Paternoster, 2008, p. 104).
4. Thomas confessing him as “my Lord and my God” (John 20:28)
5. All angels are to worship him (Heb. 1:1-14). So he is superior to the angels (Baulkham, Jesus and the God of Israel, 24.)
6. John said Jesus Christ is the eternal Word who made all things (John 1:1–18).
7. Jesus asked his disciples, “Who do you say that I am?” (Matthew 16:15)
8. Jesus preexisted before the world (John 5:58)

Refutation of the argument of the divinity of Jesus

The Deception that Jesus is God, is due to misinterpretations of the biblical verses as there is no single verse that says that Jesus is God, but the Word Jesus is not found in the whole old statement.

Dr. Victor Paul Wierwille writes in his book, “Jesus Christ is not God.” made several studies, and he found out that Jesus is not God, about the verse John 1:1-8,  it was claimed that Jesus was God. In 1973, Philip B. Harner, Professor Emeritus of Religion at Heidelberg College, argued that the traditional translation of John 1:1 ‘’and the Word was God” is incorrect and it is an addition.[9]

Emery, Gilles (2011) confirmed that Jesus is not a God because a God is not a man as stipulated in (I Samuel 15:29). Jesus said…… I am ascending to my father and your father, my God, and your God. (John 20:17); this verse is the word of Jesus himself, stating clearly that he has his God, which is also our God, and his Father is also our father.

When he felt he would be crucified, Jesus cried, ‘Eli Eli lama sabachthani,’ which means, ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? ‘(Matthew 27:46). Was Jesus crying and calling himself, or calling another deity who was superior to him?

Jesus said, “And this is the eternal life, that they might know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you sent (John 17:3).  In this verse Jesus confirms that there is only one true God and Jesus was sent by God so Jesus is the prophet only.

Jesus is not more than a Prophet.

The Quran criticized Jesus’s divinity and concluded that he was not God and never divine. Jesus was not more than a prophet. Allah appealed to the people of the Book not to go into excess in their religion; Jesus, Son of Mary, was nothing more than a messenger of God. So they should believe in God and His messengers, Jesus, and they should stop the dogma of the ‘Trinity’ (Quran 4:171).

The Bible mentions Jesus as a Prophet (Matthew 13:57, Mark 6:4, Luke 24:19). The Bible says, “……. He was a prophet, powerful in word and deed before God and all the people (Luke 24:19). Jesus himself said in John 7:16, “Then Jesus answered them, saying, my teaching is not mine, but his who sent me.” So Jesus was sent by God.

Is Jesus the Son of God?

Christians believe that Jesus is the only begotten Son of God. Jesus because he was born of a mortal mother, Mary, and an immortal father. [10]

They cited evidence in John 3:16 (NIV). According to the Bible, God loved the world and gave his own and only Son so that anyone who believes in him should inherit eternal paradise( John 10:17-18). There is no single verse in the bible that says that Jesus is the begotten Son; this is a lie and Deception. Jesus was borne by God’s word, which means by God’s command.  Jesus had a mother and no father, but Adam had no father or Mother. Jesus being mentioned as a son of God doesn’t make him a God, as many Prophets have been mentioned as sons of God.

Jesus was called Son of God in (Matthew 14:33, Matthew 16:15, 16, John 11:25, 27). However, several people were called sons of God; mediators are sons of God (Matthew 5:9).  All who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God (Romans 8:14).  But to all who received Jesus are sons of God (John 1:12). Israel is the Son of God, he is firstborn (Exodus 4:22). So believing that Jesus is the only Son of God is a deception.

Jesus was a Creator?

Christians claim that Jesus created all things.[11]

The evidence of this misconception is the verse that says, “1 Corinthians 8:6

“Yet for us, there is one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we for Him; and one Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and through whom we live. Also, John 1:3 States that  “All things were made through him, and without him was not anything made that was made.” In Colossians 1:16-17, “For by Him, all things were created that are in heaven and on earth. In all these verses, no single statement says that Jesus created all things, as the verse don’t say that Jesus created a single substance.

On the contrary, the Bible mentions God as the creator of all things. The Bible says, “… I am the LORD, who makes all things…., (Isaiah 44:24). The bible says, “In the beginning, God created earth and heavens” (Genesis 1:1).  God says it is I who made the earth and created humanity on it. (Isaiah 45:12).  The bible says ““You are worthy, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for you created all things, and by your will they were created and have their being.” (Revelation 4:11 NIV).

So believing Jesus created everything is a deception. If Jesus was a Creator, does it mean he created his mother before he was born?

Can a man be God and a God be a man?

This is a deception that no Prophet of God has taught it, from Adam, Noah, to Muhammad the last Prophet. No single prophet taught that God has become a man, and no one taught that man has become a God. Theologically, man cannot be supreme God, and God cannot become a man because:

• A man is created being, and a God is a creator, so a creator cannot change to be created being and a man who is a created being cannot change to be a creator.
• The essence of God is different from the essence of man and the essence of Angels. God is a spirit, and man is made up of clay. Angels were created from light, so by composition, man and God are different entities that can never coexist.
• God never sleeps (Psalms 121:4-5), Jesus slept (Mark 4:38-40).
• God is not a man (Numbers 23:19), and God is not a Human being (1 Samuel 15:29). Jesus was a man (John 8:40), he was borne (Matthew 1:25), and he died according to the Bible, so Jesus is mortal (Matthew 27:50).
• Man cannot be justified by God, and any borne creature is not clean. Job 25:4: A man cannot be justified with God? And anyone borne of a woman is not clean”.
• People saw and approached Jesus (Mathew 17:14).  God can never be seen; He is immortal. No one can approach Him, and no one can see Him. (1 Timothy 6:16)
• God has no similitude he is a unique being of no equal (Isaiah 46:5, 40:18, 40:25-26, “…….there is no one like Me in all the earth (Exodus 9:14). ……. “There is no one like the God Deuteronomy, (33:26).”Who is a God like you, who pardons sin and forgives the transgression of the remnant of his inheritance? (Micah 7:18).
• God’s essence is so large that the whole world cannot occupy Him. Heaven is His throne, and the earth is his footstool. In this world, no house will occupy Him (Isaiah 66:1). In Islam, the essence of God is so great that even the whole world and heavens are not enough to occupy Him. Allah is above His creation. He is on His throne, the greatest thing Allah created( Qurtuby, vol.8 p.302). The footstool is a place where Allah’s two feet. The whole heaven and earth, compared in size to the footstool, is like a ring in the desert in the desert.( Ibn Taymiya, Majmui fatawa vol. 6.p 556) And the footstool, compared to the throne, is like the ring in the desert. [12]

The Doctrine of Trinity

Trinity is another doctrine that was not mentioned explicitly in the bible in the bible. The Christian doctrine of the Trinity asserts that, one God exists in three coequal, coeternal, and consubstantial divine persons. ( Ramelli, 2012). God the Father, God the Son who is Jesus Christ, and God the Holy Spirit are three distinct persons (hypostases) sharing one essence. This is a deception against Jesus, who clearly said,” The Father is greater than I (John 14:28). Also, Jesus said I am ascending to my God and your God. ( John 20:17). It is clear that God cannot have his God and remain consubstantial.

The doctrine of the Trinity was established in the middle of the second century, when the Church Father tried to relate Jesus with God (Hurtado 2005, pp. 644–648.). Before Nicaea, three persons, God, Jesus, and the Holy Ghost, were not believed to be one God, and there is no single Bible verse related to the Trinity.[13]

Christian scholars claim that the New Testament has several Trinity formulas, such as (1 Peter 1:2), (Ephesians 4:4-6), and (Revelation 1:4-6)

None of the claimed evidence mentioned the Trinity explicitly.( Januariy 2013, p. 99).

Holy Ghost or Gabriel is not a God he is an archangel, and he is a messenger of God to all Prophets.[14] The Holy Ghost never claimed to be God or to be divine. Gabriel is mortal as he will die like other creatures; all creatures are mortal, and only the Supreme God is immortal. [15]

Jesus Christ was not God, and he was never divine. Victor Paul Wierwille: “Jesus Christ is not God,” American Christian Press, The Way International, New Knoxville, Ohio 45871, p. 5.

Karl  McKinnie (2023) commented that Athanasius and Augustine believed that Jesus was entirely God and man. The Council of Chalcedon, held in 451 AD, affirmed the belief that Jesus was both fully God and fully man. [16]

M.A. C. Cave (1996), in his book “Is the Trinity Doctrine Divinely Inspired,” quoted many Christian scholars who confirmed that the Trinity was not the teaching of Jesus (p 35-64). Trinity is a Dogma and the divinity of Jesus has no biblical evidence. [17]

Christians believe that one God exists in three coeternal, coequal, and consubstantial divine persons (Darley 2009, pp.323-350). This is not true because the essence of God is different from the essence of man and the essence of angels. God says, “I am the LORD; that is my name; my glory I give to no other, nor my praise to carved idols. (Isaiah 42:8)

Scott R. Swain (2020). Commented that  “In this case, the three persons are not three gods. Nevertheless, three persons are distinct from each other, and their names are different: “the Father,” “the Son” and “the Holy Spirit.”[18]

About verse (1 John 5:7–8), which says, “For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.” If this verse was true, it might act as evidence, but modern Biblical scholarship largely agrees that the Verse in (1John 5:7) is the Johannine Comma, which is the later addition by a copyist, and not part of the original text. (Metzger, B.M.; Ehrman, B.D. 1968).

Nicene Creed was adopted in 325 at the First Council of Nicaea, which described Christ as “God of God, the only begotten Son of God, being of one substance with the Father.[19]

Jeffrey E. Brower (2005) argued that the doctrine of the Trinity is the most problematic, and it is a contradiction in itself. [20]

Roberts, N. (2011) thought that “the bible clearly expresses the unity of God and the biblical evidence for the doctrine of the Trinity is ambiguous. Brown, D. (1985), in his book The Divine Trinity, commented that “Jesus never admitted that he was divine.

Warfield, B. B. (1952) clarified that “The term Trinity is not a Biblical term and it found nowhere in Bible.

The Quran says that anyone who worships Jesus and believes in the Trinity is an idolater. The Quran states that the doctrine of the Trinity is blasphemous (Quran 5:72–75). Allah blames Christians who believe in the Trinity that, they have certainly made an outrageous claim, claiming that Jesus is the begotten Son of God (Quran 19:88-93). Instead, the Quran has reserved a full chapter denying that God begets a child or was begotten, and He has no alike. (Quran 112)

Biblical verses affirm the Unitarian of God.

• Isaiah 43:10 God says “No God before me and nor God after me.”
• Isaiah 45:5 God says, “I am the LORD, and there is no other; apart from me there is no God.
• 1 Corinthians 8:6: “But for us, there is one God, the Father, by whom all things were created, and for whom we live. And there is one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things were created, and through whom we live.”
•  Isaiah 44:6: “This is what the LORD says……I am the first and the last; apart from me, there is no God.
• 1 Timothy 2:5: “For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.
• John 17:3: “Now this is eternal life: that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent.
• Mark 12:28-30 …… The most important commandment is believing in the unity of our Lord.
• 1 Timothy 6:15-16 Almighty God is the Lord of all Lords and the King of all Kings. He alone can never die, and he lives in light so brilliant that no human can approach him. No human eye has ever seen him, nor ever will see Him.
• Deception of divinity is due to misinterpretations of the bible verses, and denying the Sovereignty of the Supreme God who created the Universe as prophesized by Peter in (2 Peter 2:1-3). The Trinity is the Deception against Jesus’ statement, in which he said you are the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent. ( John 17:3).

The Myth of the Cross

Allah says in the Quran, “And [for] their saying, “Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of Allah.” And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but [another man] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following assumptions. And they did not kill him, for certainty. (Quran 4:157)

Crucifixion actually occurred, but Jesus was not the one who was crucified; instead, Judas was crucified in place of Jesus.( Gregg et.al 2010,p.119).Ibn Kathīr ( d.1373  ) argues that when Jews intended to crucify Jesus, he had thirteen disciples. One of them, Judas, received the image of Jesus and was crucified in his place. [21]

The Gospel of Barnabas also confirmed that Judas was crucified instead of Jesus.[22]

Quran says that Jesus was not crucified ( Hughes, Aaron W,2013), and they crucified another person instead of Jesus. Those who claim to see Jesus crucified differ in their evidence, and they have no knowledge about the crucifixion of Jesus, but they only follow assumptions.

Crucifixion is a death punishment in which a condemned person is killed by hanging on the wooden cross. Christians believed that Jesus was crucified for their sins, and they obtained salvation from it. (Grander Cook, 2018)  Christian scholars are not in agreement about the concept of the death of Jesus on the cross. [23]

The bible scribers differ on the evidence of Jesus’ death on the cross. [24]

Gunnar Samuelsson( 26 August 2011)authored a book titled “Crucifixion in Antiquity” after three years of research combining several ancient texts and reached a conclusion that the punishment of crucifixion in general, and the execution of Jesus in particular,  has no supporting evidence and Jesus did not die on the cross. [25]

Richard Thomas France (1938–2012) was a New Testament scholar and Anglican cleric. In his book “The Man They Crucified a Portrait of Jesus,” he commented that scholars said that Jesus did not die on the cross, and evidence shows that Jesus was never crucified.[26]

According to the swoon hypothesis, Jesus did not die on the cross but merely fell unconscious. Stevens, Jennifer (2010. p. 160) even though this theory is criticized by bible scholars (Zugibe Frederick T.,2005P.161-162).

Early Gospels, such as the Gospel of Thomas, did not mention the narrative of Jesus’s crucifixion. Paul taught that Christ died for our sins (1 Corinthians 15:3). Christians believe that God sacrificed His own Son so as followers of Jesus to get salvation, and they take this concept from Abraham, who was commanded to kill his Son in order to bring salvation. [27]

There is a significant difference between the Jesus teachings and the teachings of early Christians.[28]

The concept of crucifixion was taken from paganism and introduced into Christianity.[29]

The whole concept of the Crucifixion of Jesus in the Bible is a contradictory event.

• Who took the Cross? according to Mark, Simon of Cyrene took the Cross of Jesus (Mark. 15:21-22). According to John, Jesus took his own cross (John 19:17)
• Before the Crucifixion, Jesus was given wine to drink, according to Mathew (Matthew 27:33-34). Mark said he was given vinegar(Mark 15:36).
• When he was crucified? it was the third hour, according to Mark. (Mark 15:25). John said it was about the sixth hour.  (John 19:14-16).
• The Darkness started from the sixth hour and continued until the ninth hour.

(Matthew 27:45). Then how those witnesses saw the crucifixion of Jesus in darkness?

Paul argued that Jesus was cursed and crucified for the sins of the people. Paul says, “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.[30]

Paul was the one who initiated the deception of salvation using blood; he said that it is the blood that makes atonement for one’s life (Leviticus 17:11).

But Jesus cried for help when he was about to be crucified: “My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34).  The Bible says, “God answered his prayer. The Bible says “While Jesus was here on earth, he offered prayers and pleadings, with a loud cry and tears, to the one who could rescue him from death. And God heard his prayers because of his deep reverence for God”. (Hebrews 5:7).  If God hear Jesus prayer, then Jesus wasn’t crucified.

Jesus ascended to heaven in an unconscious manner and never died. The Bible says, “And I, if I am lifted from the earth, will draw all men unto me. This he said, signifying what death he should die.” John (12:32-33 KJV). And this opinion of the eminent Islamic scholar Ibn Kathir, (1300-1373) that Jesus was raised alive, not dead, to heaven, and he was raised while asleep but not dead. [31]

From this verse, we can see clearly that Jesus cried to God to save him from crucifixion, and he was answered his prayers because he was a God-fearing person. If God heard his prayers, Jesus prayed to be saved from shameful death; this means that Jesus wasn’t crucified.

Doctrine of salvation

Shawn (06/20/2016) commented that through Jesus’ death on the cross, God is offering salvation to all people of all nations today, and this is the belief of many Christians who believed that Jesus was crucified, and from that blood of Jesus they have obtained the salvation.[32]

Was the Apostle Paul a false prophet?

The Bible mentions Salvation through the blood of Jesus, his Son, who purifies from all sins. (1 John 17) https://www.biblestudytools.com/1-john/1-7.html, The bible says,” For by the blood of Christ we are set free, that is, our sins are forgiven. How great is the grace of God ( Ephesian 1:7). Also in (Matthew 26:28, Romans 3:25).

The Bible verses contradict the concept of salvation, and the Bible sets conditions for salvation, and there is no free salvation from the blood of Jesus.

• Those who believe Jesus will not perish but will have eternal life. ( John 3:16)
• Salvation is conditioned by doing the will of  Father of Jesus, who is in heaven (Matthew 7:21-23)
• Believing the Supreme God, is the only true God, and that Jesus Christ is the prophet of God. (John 17:3).
• Repentance is another condition for salvation. https://www.esv.org/Luke+13:3;Luke+13:5;Luke+15:10;Luke+24:47;Matthew+4:17;Matthew+ 11:20;Mark+1:15;Acts+5:31/
• God is the only savior (Isaiah 45:21-22).
• Apart from God, there is no savior (Isaiah 43:10-11).

Salvation is only coming from God, not Jesus.

The god says in the Bible ………and apart from me there is no savior. (Isaiah 43:10-11)

God says, “But I am the LORD your God from the land of Egypt; you know no God but me, and besides me, there is no savior. (Hosea 13:4 ESV)

So, actually, salvation comes from worshiping one God and repentance, and salvation comes from God only, not the crucifixion of Jesus. The whole concept of Salvation through the blood of Jesus is Deception in the name of Jesus.

Christianity is not the religion of Jesus.

Jesus was practicing Jewish religion with five pillars, believing and worshiping one God, praying by prostration, fasting, zakat, and Pilgrimage. Christianity, as it is practiced today, is not the original religion of Jesus; with the omission and addition of basic pillars of Jesus’ religion, many of the Christian beliefs are pagan Oriented.[33]

First pillar of all heavenly religion is Unitarianism. Jesus taught Unitarianism but Christianity taught Trinity as we have explained before. All prophets in the world taught Unitarianism no Prophet taught Trinity. (Isaiah 45:5 Deuteronomy 32:39).

Jesus and all Prophets prayed by bowing and prostration, but Christians today are only singing in churches. They are not praying as Jesus did. Moses and Aaron made an ablution and prostrated before God Exodus (40:31-32). Joshua bowed his face to the ground, and prostrated (Joshua 5:14-15 “. Jesus made ablution (John 13:14-15) “. Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; he prostrated on his face and bowed his face to his knees. (1 Kings 18:42)

Jesus fasted and he says: When you fast, do not be like hypocrites with wrinkled faces; because they make up their faces so that people can see that they are fasting…” (Matthew 6:16)

The Bible says, “Blessed are those whose strength is in you, whose hearts are set on pilgrimage. As they pass through the Valley of Baka, they make it a place of springs; the autumn rains also cover it with pools (Psalms 84:5-6 NIV).[34]

The Bible versions differ in this verse. Some versions wrote, “In whose heart are the highways to Zion!” instead of “whose hearts are set on pilgrimage,” they avoided mentioning the word ‘’Pilgrimage’’. [35]

All other versions of the Bible changed the Word Baka and translated it into “valley of crying”.[36] They translated Arabic word “Baka” which means ‘crying or weeping” so the valley of “Baka” was translated to “the valley of crying”.[37] Proper names are not translated this is a rule.[38]

This was done perhaps to divert the meaning of Pilgrimage, to remove the Word Baka and to misdirect Christians, so that they would believe that the bible has no verse about pilgrimage at Mecca, which is also called Baka. The Quran mentioned  Bakah: “Surely the first house that people are placed in worship is the one in Bakah, blessed and guiding all the worlds.” (Quran 3:96). Also, the Quran mentioned Mecca (Quran 48: 24).

Becca was the name of the city of Mecca at the time of Abraham. It was also called Baca, Baka, Bakah, Bakka, Becca, and Bekka, among others. Since 1980, the most famous name in the world has been Mecca..[39]

Therefore, many Christians believe that the Bible doesn’t mention the pilgrimage to Mecca, but in fact, it was mentioned in the bible. However, due to deletion and misinterpretation, Christians are deceived that the bible doesn’t mention the Mecca pilgrimage.

Myth of original sin

Christians believe in original sin, that all humans were borne with sin (Vawter 1983, pp 56-420). This emerged in the 3rd century, and became fully formed in (354–430 AD), with the writings of Augustine of Hippo the first author to use the phrase “original sin” (Wiley 2002, p. 56)

The bible says ……” For every man shall bear his own burden” (Galatians 6:5).

The bible says “The one who sins is the one who will die. The child will not share the guilt of the parent, nor will the parent share the guilt of the child. The righteousness of the righteous will be credited to them, and the wickedness of the wicked will be charged against them. ((Ezekiel 18:19-23).[40]

The Quran says that ……..”And every soul earns not [blame] except against itself, and no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another” (Quran 6:164, 35:18).

Deception of Paul

Paul was known as the Apostle of Jesus, who spread Christianity worldwide in the first century (Powell 2009.). He was involved in the persecution of the early disciples of Jesus (Dunn 2009, pp. 345–346.). The bible confirmed it in the verse (Acts 26:9-11).

Kaufmann Kohler (May 10, 1843 – January 28, 1926) claimed Paul ‘injected pagan elements into the religion of Jesus (Langton, Daniel (2010). The Apostle Paul in the Jewish Imagination. Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–67).

Paul used tricks and Deception when he said, “…….. Yet, crafty fellow that I am, I caught you by trickery! (2 Corinthians 12:16)

German scholar Heinrich Graetz (1817-91) argued that Paul was the “inventor” of Christianity. He was accused of lying, and he said, “The God and Father of the Lord Jesus, ……. know that I am not lying. (2 Corinthians 11:30-31 NIV). Paul insisted that he was lying by saying, “and a true and faithful teacher of the Gentiles. (1 Timothy 2:7 NIV).

Paul’s writings are the subject of controversy and interpolations (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 12th Edition, p. 643, Vol. III). Paul was responsible for a large part of the Christian beliefs and dogma, as a large part of the New Testament was Paul’s beliefs (Anthony Day, June 6, 1996).

Scott Nelson (2018) believed that Paul was a false Prophet. Heinrich Graetz (1817-91).

Martin Buber (1878-1965) claimed that Paul ‘injected pagan elements into the religion of Jesus. Paul taught Christians to worship Jesus instead of God, and he taught Christians to abandon God’s commandments. He established Pauline Christianity, which is a  heresy, by changing the status of Unitarian God to triune God, which is a heresy and disbelief ( Quran 5:73), and this is what God warned people in Deuteronomy(13:1-5)any false prophet who called people to worship another God should not be followed.”

Paul says, “2 Corinthians (12:16) “But granting that I did not burden you, I was crafty, you say, and got the better of you by deceit.”. Paul assigns God with foolishness and weakness Corinthians (1:25):” For the foolishness of God is wiser than human wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than human strength.”

Satan tempered Paul”because of these surpassingly great revelations. Therefore, in order to keep me from becoming conceited, I was given a thorn in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me.” (2 Corinthians 12:7)

2 Corinthians (11:16-18) Paul said, “I repeat: Let no one take me for a fool. But if you do, then tolerate me just as you would a fool so that I may do a little boasting.   In this self-confident boasting, I am not talking as the Lord would but as a fool. Since many are boasting in the way the world does, I will also boast.”

Jonathan D. Brackens (2011) concluded, “This study systematically supports that Paul, the Apostle of Christian doctrine, miscontextualized and he lied about scripture.”

Deception of the Prophet Hood of Muhammad

Christians believe that Muhammad is an imposter, a liar, a plagiarizer, a magician, and a possessed person.[41]

Many Christians believe that Muhammad is a false prophet (Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, 2014.pp13-26). Muhammad was claimed to be the antichrist (Kenneth Mayor, 1992, pp.4-15).

Mahound was a name used by Christians to vilify Muhammad as possessed by demons (Reeves,2003,p.3). Christians believed that Muhammad was affected by epileptic seizures (Voragine,2012).Christians believe that he was not Prophesized in the Bible, even though the Bible doesn’t explicitly mention the word Muhammad, but many verses in the bible prophesize Muhammad.

Christian scholars who prophesized the hood of Muhammad

Bahira was a monk and a Bible scholar, and he knew that there will be the last Prophet from the Bible, when he saw Muhammad he know that he will be the last Prophet. (Watt,  W. Montgomery:  1964).

Waraqa bin Naufal was a Christian convert and used to read the Gospels in Arabic.  He concluded that Angel Gabriel sent Muhammad a revelation, and he promised to support him. Waraqa, being a bible scholar, knew that there would be a prophet after Jesus, and so he concluded that Muhammad was that prophesized prophet in the Bible.(  Sahih Bukhari :3392).[42]

Abdulla bin Salami was a Jewish scholar who read the Torah. He converted to Islam at the time of the Prophet after knowing that Muhammad is the prophet mentioned in the Bible. Abdullah uttered two testimonies of faith in front of the Prophet Muhammad. Jews trusted him as their great scholar”  ( Sahih Bukhari: 4480).

Heraclius (610 to 641) was a Byzantine emperor in Sham, he inquired about Muhammad and lastly he concluded that “These are the qualities of a prophet.” (Sahih Bukhari: 2681).

Prophesies of Muhammad in the Bible

Prophet like Moses

The Bible says, “I will raise for them a prophet like you from among their brethren, and I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I commanded him.” (Deuteronomy 18.  18). This refers to Muhammad because he is the brother of the Jews. Muhammad is like Moses, as they both were given laws, both married, and both had a normal birth and the both were given laws.

Christians interpreted that Jesus is a Prophet like Moses. [43]But Jesus never married, and the Gospel had no law; he was miraculously born, so Jesus cannot be like Moses.

Places of Revelation for Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad.

The Bible says, “The Lord came from Sinai and dawned on them from Seir; he shone forth from Mount Paran. He came with[a] myriad of holy ones from the south, from his mountain slopes”. (Deuteronomy 33:2).

Christians claim that Paran is a place at Sinai (Brueggemann, Walter. 2001). On the contrary, Muslim scholars argued that Mount Paran was at Mecca (Shehada, Haseeb:1989).

Sinai is a place where Moses gets the revelation of the Torah, and Seir is  a place of revelation of Jesus. [44]

The Arabic form of the Word Paran is Faran or Pharan, and it is a name of Mecca. (F. Westenfielt, Leipzig, 1862, Vol. III, p.834). This verse mentioned places of revelation for Moses, Jesus and Muhammad.

Prophesy from Isaiah

Isaiah (21:13-17) says that “The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye traveling companies of Dedanim. The inhabitants of the land of Tema brought water to him who was thirsty; they prevented, with their bread, him from fleeing.  For they fled from the sword,  the drawn sword, the bent bow, and the grievousness of war. For thus hath the Lord said unto me, within a year,  according to the years of a hireling, and all the glory of Kedar shall fail. And the residue of the number of archers, the mighty men of the children of Kedar, shall be diminished: for the Lord God of Israel hath spoken it.”

This prophesies is about the Prophet of Arabia, the Word Tema, which is now Medina (S. Smith, Babylonian Historical Texts 1924, pp.98-123). Muhammad emigrated from Mecca to Tema, which is Medina. Pagan intended to kill him, then Muhammad fled from the sword of the pagans of Mecca; he arrived in Medina and established the Islamic State of Medina, the Islamic State that ended the kingdom of Kedar. According to the dictionary of the bible, Kedar is   the second Son of Ishmael who is dark-skinned (Genesis 25:13). It is the name for the nomadic tribes of Arabs, the Bedouins generally who dwelt in the north-west of Arabia (Jeremiah 49:28, 29) [45]

Muhammad was the rider of the white horse.

The Bible says,” I saw heaven standing open, and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True. With justice, he judges and wages war. His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has a name written on him that no one knows but him.  He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God……..(Revelation 19:11-17).

Muhammad was the rider of the white horse, he was a ruler and a judge, and he waged war; that is, he fought with Arab pagans and wore many crowns on his head, Jesus never had a crown. Bible scholars say that the man mentioned here is Jesus. [46]

But this interpretation can be refuted because Jesus never rode a horse, fought a war, ruled, and he wasn’t a King. The white horse is Buraq(half mule, half donkey), which Muhammad rode during his journey to Jerusalem. During the battle of Uhud, Prophet Muhammad was injured, and his clothing was stained by blood. [47]

Prophet Muhammad was called by pagans of Mecca “truthful, honest” from this habit. He never lies, and the revelation mentioned that man is called Faithful and True. [48]

Another advocate

The Bible says, “And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another advocate to help you and be with you forever (John 14:16).[49]

John 14:15-31 New International Version

The Bible says, “If you love me, keep my commands.  And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another advocate to help you and be with you forever, the Spirit of truth. The world cannot accept him because it neither sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you. (John 14:15-17 NIV)

John (14:15-17 AMP ) ………..but you know Him because He (the Holy Spirit) remains with you continually and will be in you. The word’ Holy Spirit’ was added in the bracket.

Christians believe that “another advocate is the Holy Spirit.  [50]The  Greek Word allos, which was used, means “another of the same kind”. So another comforter must be a human being, which shares the same kind of humanity as Jesus and not an Angel because Angels are of different kinds. [51]

The Bible did not use the word “heteros,” which means another of a different kind. If this Word were used, it would mean that another advocate is not human, and it would fit that he should be the Holy Spirit. So this prophesy doesn’t fit the Holy Spirit, and to relate this verse with the Holy Spirit, which is Gabriel, is a deception.

Other versions of the Bible

The comforter (John 14:16) was also called helper, advocate, friend, and counselor. As mentioned in these, all are attributes of a human being, not an Angel, as Angel is not a friend, nor a comforter nor a counselor. The comforter will live with us while Gabriel is not living away from us.

The Bible scholars differed on the meaning of the word “comforter” (Gary M.1987, PP14-21), so we cannot precisely translate the Word comforter as Holy Ghost as Christian scholars did.

The Bible says that “The world cannot accept him, because it neither sees him nor knows him”. Gabriel was sent to many prophets before Jesus, and people accepted the Messengers, so they accepted him. Gabriel, or the Holy Ghost, was seen by people of the world before Jesus and after Jesus. [52]

The verse clearly indicates that the advocate was absent during the time of Jesus, and the Holy Spirit was present during the time of Jesus.[53]

Jesus said, “Nevertheless I tell you the truth; it is suitable for you that I go away: for if I don’t go away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you. (John 16:7) .So the comforter is the one who came to the world after the departure of Jesus in this world, the Holy Ghost or Holy Spirit was present before Jesus’ ascension to heaven; so it is a deception to relate this verse with the Holy Ghost or Holy Spirit.

Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah

Non-Muslims admitted that Muhammad was the prophet of God, a trustful leader, and a prophet who received revelation from God.  [54] Annie Besant (d. 1933) commented that if anyone studies the life of Muhammad, he will feel that he was a prophet and a great messenger of God” [The Life and Teachings of Muhammad, Madras 1932, p. 4]

William Montgomery Watt (d. 2006) argued that: “To suppose Muhammad was an impostor raises more problems than it solves. Muhammad is the greatest figure appreciated in the West. [Mohammad at Mecca, Oxford 1953, p.52].

Michael Hart, in his book The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History placed Muhammad as the most influential of the one hundred most influential persons. [55]

The second coming of Jesus is the end of Deception.

Both Islam and Christianity agree on the second coming of Jesus or  Parousia. Christians believe that Jesus second coming or second advent, according to Nicene Creed,  will judge the dead and the living, and he will have everlasting Kingdom, which can be proved in (Matthew 16:28).

Christians believe that Jesus will judge all dead because God will appoint him to do so (John 5:22) . Jesus will judge the dead “who is to judge the living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom :”( 2 Timothy 4:1)

On contrary the same bible says that God is the Judge.  The Bible says “He rules the world in righteousness and judges the peoples with equity (Psalms 9:8). “For the Lord is our judge, (Isaiah 33:22)…..” God judges the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day”. (Psalm 7:11)   ^“But the Lord shall endure forever: he hath prepared his throne for judgment. And he shall judge the world in righteousness; he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness”. (Psalm 9:7-8). “Rise up, O God, judge the earth, for all the nations are your inheritance.”(Psalm 82:8)

While the bible is silent about the place where Jesus will descend, All Muslim and Christians believe that Jesus will rule the world. But Muslims do not believe that Jesus will Judge the dead, only Allah will judge the dead.

Islam mentioned the place, his clothing, and his praying in the mosque and denying Christianity.  Jesus when he descend to the world he will follow Islam, he will join with Muslims in worship and he will deny Christianity. Prophet Muhammad said,” The Hour will not be established until the Son of Mary (i.e., Jesus) descends amongst you as a just ruler; he will break the cross, kill the pigs, and abolish the Jizya ( Non-Muslim tax) Money will be in abundance so that nobody will accept it (as charitable gifts).[56]

Muslims believe that Jesus will be on the side of Islam, he will fight for the cause of Islam, and he will deny all Christian Deception; this will be the end of Deception in the name of Jesus, and all religions will perish except Islam.

Narrated Abu Hurayra reported that The Prophet said:

“No prophet between me and him, that is, Jesus. He will descend to the earth. When you see him, recognize him: a man of medium height, reddish fair, wearing two light yellow garments, looking as if drops were falling down from his head though it would not be wet. He will fight the people for the cause of Islam. He will break the cross, kill swine, and abolish the jizyah non-Muslim tax. Allah will perish all religions except Islam. He will destroy the Antichrist and will live on the earth for forty years, and then he will die. The Muslims will pray over him .  [57]

Obligation of following the religion  of Muhammad.

The consequence of rejecting the Islamic religion for Christians and people of other religions is eternal fire. ”(Quran 98:6).

All followers of Judaism, Christianity, and people of other religions who will hear about the prophet hood are obliged to follow him because Muhammad was sent by God like Jesus. The Prophet said: “By the One in Whose hand is my soul, no one of this nation, Jew or Christian, hears of me, then dies without having believed in Islam but will be one of the people of the Fire.” (Sahih Muslim, 153). [58]

The Prophet Muhammad was sent to all people of the world; he is the Prophet to Jews, Christians, Buddhists, and all religions in this world. All people must abandon all their religion and follow Islam in order to get salvation.(Quran 7:158).

All people in this generation will be asked about which God they worshipped, what religion they followed, and in particular, they will be asked about Muhammad. If they provide negative answers, they will be the people of hellfire. ( Sunan Abu Dawud, 4753 authenticated by al-Albani in Sahih al-Jami, no. 1676).[59]

CONCLUSION

Deception in the name of Jesus was observed in many Christian dogmas and myths, such as the divinity of Jesus—the doctrine of the Trinity, the myth of the cross, and crucifixion. Because many Christians believe in salvation from the blood of Jesus, this research paper proved otherwise that salvation will be obtained through believing in one Supreme God and repentance of sin. This paper shows that the prophet Muhammad was implicitly mentioned in the Bible, as Jesus mentioned another person who would come to teach after him. A man was prophesized to come from Arabs.

All people are obliged to follow Muhammad for salvation in this world, and hereafter, when Jesus comes, he will follow Muhammad. He will deny divinity, he will break the cross, and he will deny Christianity. At that time, all religions would perish except Islam; because of this, more research is required, especially on the origin of Christianity, the teachings of Christianity, and the second coming of Jesus, and the deception in the name of Jesus. People must not wait for the second coming of Jesus. They should embrace Islam now because Islam was the religion of all prophets, including Jesus.

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FOOTNOTES

[1] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deception

[2] Griffith Jeremy, 2011). The book of the real answer to everything—why do people lie? ISBN 978-74129-007-3)

[3] (Caner, E. F., & Caner, E. M. (2003). More Than a Prophets: An Insider’s Response to Muslim Beliefs about Jesus and Christianity. Kregel Publications.)

[4] . https://www.nairaland.com/3257717/st-paul-root-christian-missionary.

[5] https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-data-collection-article

[6] John Frame, The Doctrine of God (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishers, 2002, pp.21-115.

[7] H.R. Mackintosh The Doctrine of the Person of Jesus Christ (Edinburgh: T.&T. Clark, 1912)

[8] . Peter Toon, Our Triune God: A Biblical Portrayal of the Trinity (Wheaton, Illinois: Bridge Point, 1996, pp.145–48

[9] Philip B. Harner, “Qualitative Anarthrous Predicate Nouns: Mark 15:39 and John 1:1”, Journal of Biblical Literature 92, 1 (March 1973),

[10] https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2010/12/jesus-christ-is-the-only-begotten-son-of-god?lang=eng

[11] https://www.cgg.org/index.cfm/library/verses/id/2827/jesus-christ-creator-all-things-verses.htm

[12] https://hadeethenc.com/en/browse/hadith/3413

[13] The New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), art. “The Holy Trinity”, Vol. 14, p. 295)

[14] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gabriel-archangel

[15] https://islamqa.info/en/answers/96306/gender-of-angels-and-do-they-die

[16] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/jesus-christ-fully-god-man-karl-mckinnie.

[17] Buzzard, A.,  & Hunting, C. (1998). Doctrine of the Trinity. International  Scholars Publications. pp. 2-10).

[18] Scott R. Swain (2020).  The Trinity: An Introduction. Short  Studies in Systematic Theology. Wheaton: Crossway, 2020, pp.154

[19] https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/creed_of_nicaea_325.htm

[20] https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/9/article/177639/summary.

[21] https://www3.nd.edu/~reynolds/index_files/jesus%20dead%20or%20alive.pdf

[22] https://sacred-texts.com/isl/gbar/gbar217.htm.

[23] Stephen Westerholm (2015), The New Perspective on Paul in Review, Direction, Spring 2015  Vol. 44 No. 1  pp. 4–15).

[24] Steven L. Cox, Kendell H Easley, 2007 Harmony of the Gospels ISBN 0-8054-9444-8( pp. 323–323).

[25] http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/crux002.pdf

[26] R. T. (Dick) France in Evangelical Quarterly Jan 2013, Vol. 85 Issue 1, p. 72-74.

[27] https://evidenceforchristianity.org/why-did-god-need-to-sacrifice-his-only-son-in-order-to-forgive- peoples-sins-couldnt-he-have-done-it-a-different-way/.

[28] Stephen Westerholm (2015), The New Perspective on Paul in Review, Direction, Spring 2015 · Vol. 44 No. 1 · pp. 4–15).

[29] https://www.answering-christianity.com/abdullah_smith/the_crucifixion_hoax_1.htm0

[30] https://biblehub.com/galatians/3-13.htm.

[31] https://quranx.com/tafsirs/3.55

[32] https://quranx.com/tafsirs/3.55

[33] https://medium.com/@logicalbakwas_67383/the-pagan-origins-of-the-trinity-8f730caf85c1

[34] https://www.bible.com/bible/111/PSA.84.5-7.NIV

[35] https://biblehub.com/psalms/84-5.htm

[36] (https://biblehub.com/psalms/84-6.htm).

[37] https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the-meaning-of/arabic-word-861e6ce35d858c9491eb9bd421266b59cbfc3294.html

[38] . https://www.okodia.co.uk/should-we-translate-proper-names-yes-or-no/.

[39] Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology (Illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 342. ISBN  978-0-306-46158-3

[40] https://www.bible.com/bible/1/EZK.18.19-23.KJV

[41] https://www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/mhd_amin2.htm

[42] .https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3392

[43] https://ichthys.com/mail-Prophet.htm

[44] https://web.archive.org/web/20210620104742/https://bahai-library.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5388

[45] https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/kedar/

[46] https://thebiblesays.com/commentary/rev/rev-19/revelation-1911-16/

[47] https://thepilgrim.co/battle-of-uhud/

[48] https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~msa/tour/ch3-8.htm

[49] https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/John%2014%3A26

[50] https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/john-14/

[51] https://maranathamedia.com/article/view/is-allos-another-of-the-same-heteros.

[52] https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=Holy+ghost&version=KJ21

[53] https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=jesus+and+holy+ghost&version=KJ21.

[54] https://aboutislam.net/reading-islam/about-muhammad/9-non-muslim-scholars-prophet-muhammad-pbuh/

[55] https://archive.org/details/the-100-michael-hart

[56] https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2476

[57] https://sunnah.com/abudawud:4324)

[58] https://sunnah.com/muslim:153

[59] https://sunnah.com/abudawud:4753