Green Corridors in Coordinating and Supporting SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

Green Corridors in Coordinating and Supporting SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

Fateen Nabilla Rasli^*, Mohammad Lui Juhari, Aajirah Hanim Abdul Halim

¹Centre for Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding Author

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.8120089

Received: 01 November 2024; Revised: 05 December 2024; Accepted: 07 December 2024; Published: 03 January 2025

ABSTRACT

Urbanization is a defining trend of the 21st century, presenting challenges such as environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and social inequalities. Green corridors offer an innovative solution aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) to create inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable urban spaces. These ecological pathways connect fragmented habitats, promote biodiversity, and enhance urban quality of life by facilitating wildlife movement, improving air and water quality, and supporting recreational opportunities. Additionally, green corridors prioritize sustainable transportation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigate urban heat island effects, contributing to climate resilience and environmental justice. This paper explores the transformative potential of green corridors in addressing urban challenges, using case studies from cities like Curitiba, Brazil, and Dakar, Senegal. These examples highlight the multifaceted benefits of green corridors, including improved mobility, expanded green spaces, and enhanced urban resilience against natural disasters. By fostering community engagement and social inclusion, green corridors strengthen social cohesion and reduce inequalities. Moreover, they support climate action and biodiversity protection, aligning with broader global efforts to achieve SDG 13 and SDG 15. Through strategic integration into urban planning, green corridors emerge as a vital component in creating sustainable and resilient cities. This study underscores their role in holistic urban development, bridging environmental and social priorities to ensure a sustainable future for urban populations.

INTRODUCTION

Urbanization is one of the most defining trends of the 21st century, with over 55% of the global population now residing in urban areas. While this growth has driven economic development, it has also intensified environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and social inequalities. Addressing these challenges requires innovative solutions that align with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11), which calls for cities to be inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable (United Nations, 2023). One such solution is the integration of green corridors into urban planning—a strategy that fosters ecological connectivity, promotes biodiversity, and enhances urban quality of life. Green corridors, also known as corridor eco or corridor ecology, refer to spreadsheets designated and managed linear land regularly specifically to facilitate the movement wildlife, encouraging diversity biology and give interest nature around the urban landscape or again so​ Corridor green usually connecting fragmented habitats, such as park, reserve nature again so or space another green, which allows plants and animals migrate, move and interact with more free​ Corridor this often designed shape for reduce effect negative urbanization , like habitat loss, fragmentation and isolation area green (Lindenmayer et al., 2020) with create path continuous for species move across landscape. In addition, the corridor green can provide various purposes, including provide opportunity recreation for humans, increase quality air and water as well increase health ecology whole something area (Shi et al., 2016). It plays an important role in supporting the ecosystem’s power, facilitating exchange genetics among​ population, and encouraging survival expect long species life in the environment increasing urbanization​ grow rapidly​. The concept corridor green includes various purposeful initiative​ for creating path transportation or network friendly nature (Saumel et al., 2016). Corridor this usually prioritizing sustainable modes of transport, such as walking, cycling and public transit, while too encouraging usage vehicle electricity or material fire alternative for reduce clearance. Corridor green often integrate elements infrastructure green like trees, plants and surfaces permeable for reduce effect nature around activity transportation and increase quality air. Besides, it​ may be included steps for increase biodiversity, such as create corridor wildlife or​ protect the habitat again so along​ path corridor. With nurture choice more transportation​ sustainable and friendly nature, corridor green contributes to reduce change climate, reduce pollution, and create more community​ healthy and able inhabited as well as empowered live (Abrahms et al., 2016). It is also supportive development economy with promote modes of transport active, add good access to public transit available and improve quality whole urban environment.

Several cities around the world have demonstrated the transformative potential of green corridors in achieving sustainable urban development. In Curitiba, Brazil, renowned for its innovative urban planning policies, green corridors are integral to strategies aimed at reducing urban sprawl and improving public health (Suzuki et al., 2020). Similarly, Dakar, Senegal, has implemented large-scale greenbelts to combat desertification and manage urban expansion, thereby enhancing environmental resilience and promoting community well-being (Goffner et al., 2022). These examples underscore the versatility of green corridors in addressing diverse urban challenges, from managing rapid growth to mitigating environmental degradation. Green corridors are essential to achieve SDG 11 and contribute to other goals, such as Climate Action (SDG 13) and Life on Land (SDG 15). They align with global efforts to combat climate change and protect biodiversity by creating sustainable urban ecosystems (World Bank, 2021). The SDGs 2023 report emphasizes the need to include green infrastructure in urban planning to meet air quality targets, access to green spaces and affordable housing (United Nations, 2023). By bridging the gap in sustainability, green corridors support holistic urban development strategies that address both environmental and social priorities. This paper explores the role of green corridors in coordinating and supporting the achievement of SDG 11 by providing case studies and examining the effectiveness of these natural networks in fostering sustainable urban environments. It offers an analysis of how cities around the world can implement green corridor strategies to address pressing environmental and social challenges, thereby ensuring a more sustainable future for urban residents. Through this lens, green corridors are not only essential to urban ecosystems but are also essential in building urban resilience to the impacts of climate change and urbanization.

Green Corridor Supporting Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11)

Corridor Green can coordinate and support Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, which focuses on making cities and settlements humans inclusive, safe, empowered resistant and sustainable, deep some way:

1. Encourage Sustainable Transport: Green corridors can also play an important role in supporting sustainable transportation networks. Corridors Green often prioritizes modes of transportation no motorized like walking and cycling, as well as system transportation public such as buses and cars fire​. Many cities, like Singapore, have integrated green corridors with walking and biking paths, encouraging eco-friendly transportation while reducing traffic congestion and lowering carbon emissions (UNEP, 2020). These greenways not only improve mobility but also contribute to SDG 11.2, which seeks to provide access to sustainable, affordable, and inclusive transportation systems. With provide safe and easy routes​ accessed for pedestrians and cyclists’ bicycles, corridors green encourage usage choice sustainable transport, reduce​ house gas emissions green and pollution associated air​ with transportation vehicle traditional.

2. Improving Urban Green Areas: Corridors green contribute to increase sum space green in urban area. Urban green areas are an essential factor of sustainability in cities, green network planning provides all the required for the high qualities of biodiversity (Shahani, 2012). They are often combining parks, urban forests, roads green, and elements again so other, which is not only provide opportunity recreation but also increase quality air, control temperature and support biodiversity (Parmehr et al., 2016). This helps create more many cities can inhabited and sustainable, aligned with SDG 11 goals for make more urban areas inclusive and empowered hold on

3. Reducing the Impact of Climate Change: Corridors green can work as absorbent carbon with isolate carbon dioxide through the presence of plants. According to Fekadu Hailu et al (2021) proved that green heritage has a high contribution to mitigating climate change and improving air quality. Also, research by Fentaw et al (2022) suggests that planting trees and monitoring planted trees allows for increased animal species diversity, abundance, and fresh air. This helps reduce the effect of change climate with reduce home gas concentration green in the atmosphere. In addition, the corridor green can help reduce the effect island city heat with give effect shade and cooling, once Gus increase power hold the city against effect change climate (Estoque et al., 2017).

4. Support Engagement Community and Inclusion Social: Corridor green often works as space community where people can gather, socialize and take section in activity recreation. By providing accessible and safe spaces, green corridors encourage interaction between individuals from diverse backgrounds, increasing social capital and fostering a sense of community and belonging in the urban environment (Chiesura, 2004). This not only improves the quality of life but also strengthens social bonds, making cities more resilient to social and environmental challenges. Furthermore, green corridors play a key role in promoting social inclusion by ensuring that all populations, including marginalized or economically disadvantaged groups, have the opportunity to enjoy and benefit from these spaces. In doing so, they help reduce social inequalities and support environmental justice (Giles-Corti et al., 2005). Therefore, with provide space inclusive and able accessed for population from various background back socioeconomic, corridor green encouraging unity and inclusion social in the city, support SDG 11 objective for create community inclusive and empowered hold on

5. Increase the City’s Resilience Against Natural Disaster: Corridor green can increase power hold on urban area against disaster nature like floods and storms. Plants in green corridors absorb excess rainwater, reducing flood risk and preventing soil erosion (Zope et al., 2016; Goddard et al., 2017; Hao et al., 2018). Additionally, green infrastructure helps mitigate extreme weather effects like heatwaves and storms by acting as natural buffers, blocking strong winds, and providing shade (Elmqvist et al., 2019). Green corridors also contribute to climate adaptation by offering social and economic benefits, such as protecting communities from the adverse effects of natural disasters and providing safe spaces during extreme weather events (McPhearson et al., 2018). Thus, they enhance urban well-being and reduce the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations (Liu et al., 2020). The presence of this green infrastructure contributes not only to environmental resilience but also to social and economic stability by protecting urban populations and infrastructure.

In short, the corridor green align with and support SDG 11 with promote transportation sustainable, increase space urban green, reduce effect change climate, support involvement community and inclusion social, and improve power hold the city against disaster nature​. By integrate elements this to in urban planning and development strategy, cities can strive to direction achieve SDG 11 goals and create more urban environment inclusive, safe, empowered resistant and sustainable.

Importance and Relevance of Green Corridor Modern Urban Planning and Transportation

Corridor green plays a role important in modern urban planning and transportation because of several factors main:

1. Conservation Diversity Biology: Urbanization often bring to fragmentation and habitat loss, which can give effect bad to population wildlife. Corridor green provides paths each other connected to that allows flora and fauna to move between remote habitats, promoting conservation biodiversity in urban area. The role of these corridors is very important in maintaining biological diversity in urban areas, especially in highly developed areas (Benedict & McMahon, 2015; Ives et al., 2016). Research by Wilson et al. (2021) showed that green corridors act as biodiversity refuges that enable species migration and genetic exchange that are important for population resilience.

2. Services Ecosystem: Corridor green contribute to preparation various service ecosystem, like pollination, water purification and absorption carbon. Ziter et al. (2017) emphasize the role of green infrastructure in offering ecosystem services that mitigate urban environmental challenges. With maintain and enhance area again so inner city, corridor this help maintain balance ecological and supportive well-being human​ (Connolly et al., 2022)

3. Climate Resilience: Corridors green works as infrastructure as green as possible reduce effect change climate in urban areas. Trees and plants in corridors help control temperature, reduce effect island heat and absorb carbon dioxide, enhancing the resilience of cities to climate change (Bowler et al., 2015; Nesshöver et al., 2017). By incorporating plants in urban planning can significantly reduce urban temperatures and increase local climate resilience (Qiu et al., 2023).

4. Improved Air Quality: Plants in corridor green act as filter air again so, trap material pollutants and particles as well as release oxygen. Combine corridor green to in urban planning can help increase quality air, reduce pollution from transportation and increase results health public​. These improvements in air quality directly enhance public health by lowering the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and promoting overall well-being (Barwise & Kumar, 2020).

5. Transportation and Recreation Active: Corridor green promotes sustainable modes of transport, such as walking, cycling and jogging, providing a safe and attractive route for passengers and users recreation. Pojani et. al. (2017) and Villanueva et al. (2023), corridors are essential to sustainable urban transport policies in to reduce dependence to vehicle motorized, reduce congestion past cross, and encourage activity physicality, and engagement society.

6. Equity Social: Corridor green potential increase equality social with provide access to space green and facilities recreation for all population, without calculate socioeconomic status or location geography them. Corridor as green as possible accessible and designed shape with good can nurture unity social, improve mental health and reduce gap in access to nature again. Additionally, the positive effects of green spaces on physical and mental health are undeniable, offering respite from urban stresses and encouraging healthier, more active lifestyles (Kuo, 2003).

7. Urban Beautification and Quality of Life: Combining corridor green with the urban landscape improves power attraction aesthetic, create interesting environment​ visually and contribute to quality life whole population. Green corridors are beneficial to the quality of life because they bring elements of nature into the urban environment and stimulate the senses through the use of sound, color, motion, and smell in relatively positive ways (Moreno et al, 2020). So, green space in the city offers an opportunity for relaxation, reflection and activity culture, enrich urban experience.

In conclusion, the corridor green is components important in urban planning and transportation strategies modern because it is encouraging sustainability ecology, increase power hold on against change climate, increase health and well-being public, and contribute to the creation of a suitable city for inhabited and energetic.

Origin and Evolution​ Initiative of Green Corridors

Origin and evolution​ initiative corridor green can detected come back to various movement purposeful historical and contemporary​ for deal with conservation nature surroundings, urban planning, and challenges transportation.

1. Movement Early Conservation: Concepts connect area again so for facilitate movement and conservation wildlife begins​ since effort conservation early in the 19th and 20th centuries. Conservationists​ recognize interests maintaining habitat connectivity for avoid extinction species and maintain biodiversity.

2. Appearance Urban Ecology: In the middle 20th century, urban ecology emerged as field focused studies​ to interaction between organisms and their urban environment. Urban ecologists support​ creation space green and corridor ecology in the city for support urban biodiversity and services ecosystem.

3. Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture: Urban planners and architects landscape start combine corridor green to in planning and design the shape of the city in half the second 20th century. Concept like street green, linear garden and rope waist green get popularity as a strategy for increase space urban green and promote transportation sustainable. ​

4. Planning Transportation: Corridor green get power attraction in planning transportation as action answer to effect negative nature environmental and social based urban development vehicle. Planners and drafters base realize needs for prioritize mode of transportation alternative, like walking, cycling and public transit, and for integrate infrastructure green to in network transportation.

5. Environmental Policy and Regulation: Increasing awareness increased about issue nature environment and use purposeful policies and regulations​ for encouraging development sustainable has been push again development initiative corridor green​ Agency government, organization not profits and groups advocacy has been play role important in support and implement project corridor green in rank local, regional and national.

6. Progress in Ecology Landscape and Connectivity Science: Progress in ecology landscape, GIS technology, and modeling connectivity have been providing valuable tools and methods​ for now, sure, prioritizing and shaping corridor green​ Progress scientific this has been helping planning and conservation more understand interest ecology connectivity and shaping network effective corridor. ​

7. International Cooperation and Exchange Knowledge: Initiative corridor green has been getting benefits from cooperation international and exchange knowledge through organization such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and various regional. and a global network focused on connectivity and conservation landscape. IUCN World Conservation Congress (2021), emphasized collaborative efforts in establishing transboundary corridors to address global conservation challenges.

Basically, the whole, original motion and evolution initiative corridor green reflect growing recognition​ increased about interests maintain and improve relatedness ecology in urban landscape and re so for support conservation biodiversity, encouraging development sustain and improve quality life humans and wildlife.

Achievement and Examples of Projects Green Corridors Around the World

Project Corridor Green has been implemented worldwide, each​ one contributes to conservation of biodiversity, promotion transportation sustainable, and improvement urban landscape and re so​ Here is some events important and notable examples: ​

1. Appearance Greenway Project: Project development street green in cities like Boston, Massachusetts, USA, in the 1970s marked achievement important in initiative corridor green​ The Boston Greenbelt is one example the earliest create parks and linear trails for connect area city neighborhoods and areas again so, promote transportation active and opportunity recreation.

Boston’s Greenbelt route – a concept possible track route accessible by transport public for the Greater Boston Area. (Image Source: Miles Howard, page Mind the Moss website)

Project development of street green in cities like Boston, Massachusetts, USA, in the 1970s marked achievement important in initiative corridor green​ Projects this, exemplified by the Boston Greenbelt, introduces the concept create parks and linear trails to connect area urban neighborhoods with areas again so​ With using again land that is not used or idle, like path car old fire or corridor industrial, urban can create corridor encouraging green​ transportation active and provide opportunity recreation for the population. Success project such as the Boston Greenbelt inspires initiatives similar around the world, show potential corridor green for increasing urban landscape while keep the ecosystem again so​

2. The High Line, New York City, USA: Changed from a track car fire abandoned high-rise, the High Line is a famous urban park in New York City. Project Innovative This changed infrastructure abandoned industry​ to be corridor lively green, show off art build landscape and principal design shape sustainability while invigorating again area surrounding neighborhood.

An aerial view of one of the most popular gathering spots on the High Line: 10th Avenue Square at the intersection of 17th St. and 10th Ave. (Photo Source: Iwan Baan, The High Line website)

The High Line in New York City, United States, stands as an example outside normal urban renewal through the development of corridor green.​ Project innovative this change car fire abandoned multistory​ to be a vibrant, showy linear garden art build landscape and principles of design sustainable form.​With using infrastructure ready yes, the High Line isn’t only created space green for residents and visitors but also invigorating again area neighborhood around, driving development economy and recovery culture. His success has been give inspiration to project similar in cities around the world, shows potential transformative corridor green in urban environments.

In New York, United States is one example of success in the development space urban green, famous with brilliant ideas, planning, and techniques in the category garden artificial​ Spacious Garden an area of 843 acres has remained intact and open to the public since it opened officially in 1876. What is most impressive about Central Park is the background creation of ideas for developing artificial urban green. This idea arises as a response against the growth rapidly urban development in New York in the 1840s.

Landmark Famous signs in Central Park West include The American Museum of Natural History, the Dakota Apartments, and the New-York Historical Society. (Photo Source: Kathleen Dolmatch, old National Geographic website)

Society with good accept and support this idea , and strong cooperation between government and owners land making Central Park one of them garden early in America that took advantage technique landscape modern​ At that time , the development of Central Park was possible intended for deal with deficiency space urban green , but it to be exemplary for other countries around the world, shows that preparation space the vast urban green in the middle of the city is not something impossible , and is critical for increase quality life as well as make sure sustainability of New York City.

4. Copenhagen Green Network, Denmark: Network Copenhagen green is system comprehensive mutual garden​ related, space green and path designed bicycle​ for encouraging transportation active, increasing biodiversity and reduce effect change climate. Network this include corridor green throughout​ waterways, roofs green and urban forest, making Copenhagen one of the friendliest cities bikes in the world.

Network green Copenhagen in Denmark represents an approach comprehensive to prioritizing urban planning sustainability and livability. System garden, space green and path mutual bicycle​ related this encouraging transportation active, increasing biodiversity and reduce effect change climate. With integrated corridor green throughout​ waterways, roofs green and urban forest, Copenhagen has to be global leader in design urban form and infrastructure sustainable transport. The city’s commitment to initiative green outline interests integrate nature again so to in urban environment for increase quality life and force hold on nature around.

5. Singapore’s Green Corridor: In the past railway, Singapore’s Green Corridor is 24-kilometer-long linear park that crosses the middle of the city-state. Project this keep space green in dense urban areas, provides opportunity for recreation for residents, and supports conservation biodiversity by connecting various parks and reserves nature again so​

Bridge the 45-meter- long Bukit Timah Truss was first opened in 1932, and with with the Upper Bukit Timah Truss Bridge, it has been gazetted for conservation in 2015. (Photo Source: NParks Singapore)

Corridor, the former is railway, works as example main development corridor green in dense urban environment. This 24 -kilometer linear park walking through in the middle of the city- state, preserve area green and provide opportunity recreation for population. With using again infrastructure ready yes, Singapore has created assets valuable that connects various parks and reserves nature again so, encouraging conservation biodiversity, and increase urban livability. Success Singapore’s Green Corridor shows potential corridor green for change urban landscape and nurture surveillance nature around.

6. The Greenbelt in Europe: The European ‘ Green Belt ‘ Initiative intended for create network corridor pan- European ecology along the Iron Curtain formerly, covering 24 countries from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea. Conservation efforts cross border this encouraging habitat restoration, conservation wildlife and tourism sustainable while commemorating Cold War history Europe.

A map of green belt initiatives in Europe that includes 24 countries. (Image Source: page European Green Belt [EGB] website)

Green Belt Initiative in Europe intended for create network cross border corridor ecology along​ the former Iron Curtain, which includes 24 countries from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea. Ambitious conservation efforts​ high this intended for preserve and restore habitat​ so, increase interconnectedness for species original, and encouraging tourism sustainable and practice management land​. With commemorating Cold War history Europe while promote conservation of nature around, the European Green Belt initiative shows power corridor green to close up gaps and nurture cooperation across borders.

7. Great Eastern Ranges Initiative, Australia: Initiative conservation in eastern Australia​ intended for create a continuous network of habitats stretched out from the Australian Alps to forest rain tropical Queensland. Project this give concentration to preserve and restore landscape again so, increase connectivity for species original, and promote practice management sustainable land. ​

Network Great Eastern Ranges ecology for conservation forming curve as far as 3,600 km mostly land related nature​ between the Grampians in Victoria to Cape York in the north far Queensland. (Image Source: Great Eastern Ranges Ltd. website)

The Great Eastern Ranges Initiative in Australia represents effort integrated for create a continuous network of habitats from the Australian Alps to forest rain tropical Queensland. Initiative conservation give concentration on preserving and restore landscape again so, increase connectivity for species original, and promote practice management sustainable land. ​ With connect urban communities with heritage again so and culture in the region this, the Great Eastern Ranges Initiative fosters development economy and care nature around, highlight interest’s corridor green in encouraging conservation biodiversity and power hold on ecosystem.

8. The Valleys Regional Park, Wales: Established in South Wales, UK, the Valleys Regional Park is initiative corridor purposeful green​ for turn on again area industrial first and promote sustainable tourism and recreation. ​ Project this connect urban communities with heritage again so and culture region this, nurture development economy and care nature around.

Valleys Regional Park (VRP) or Valleys Regional Park in Wales, UK, includes the area from Carmarthenshire to Blaenavon, borders with Brecon Beacons – with network land high, forest, forest save , national park , river , dam , canal , site heritage and attraction tourism — all connected with the cities and villages that became place stay to approximately a million population. (Photo Source: VRP website)

The Valleys Regional Park in Wales, UK, shows initiative corridor purposeful green​ for turn on again area industrial first and promote sustainable tourism and recreation. ​Established in South Wales, the Valleys Regional Park connects urban communities with heritage again so and culture region this, nurture development economy and care nature around. With using again land that is not used and encouraged practice management sustainable land, project​ this show potential corridor green for increase urban and rural landscapes while encouraging conservation biodiversity and engagement society.

Examples this show diversity approaches and benefits project corridor green around the world, stand out role them in promote conservation biodiversity, transportation sustainability and quality life in urban and rural environments.

Principles of Green Corridor

There are two principles in Corridor Green where 1) a sustainable mode of transport and 2) consideration of nature around taken into account in the initiative. This is because the corridor green this encourages users for walking and cycling on the path this as well as there is integration public transit system or usage vehicle electricity and materials fire alternative in it. Through consideration nature around anyway, merging infrastructure green used in Step strategy for reduce emissions and pollution as well as in make sure conservation biodiversity and habitat restoration so​

A. Mode of Transport Sustainable:

1. Encouragement Walking and Cycling: Corridors green prioritize mode of transportation no motorized with provide path safe and easy walking and cycling​ accessible. Friendly route pedestrians and bicycles this encouraging activity physical, reduce dependence on cars and encourage style life healthier in circle population (Pucher et al., 2010). With connect area residence, district commercial and destination recreation, corridor green offer choice easy and friendly transportation​ nature for city dwellers. Moreover, green corridors offer an opportunity for cities to foster social and environmental sustainability by reducing car traffic and improving air quality. The cities with extensive pedestrian and cycling networks experience reduced traffic accidents and lower carbon footprints (Buehler & Pucher, 2017).

2. Integration of Public Transit System: Corridor green emphasizes integration public transit networks, such as buses, trams and cars fire, for provide choice efficient and convenient transportation​ accessed for passenger. With combine transit stops, stations and hubs between modes along path corridor, city can increase connectivity and encouragement usage transportation public. This multimodal approach reduce congestion past cross, increase quality air, and increase mobility for population from all level age and ability (Creutzig et al., 2015).

3. Usage Vehicle Electricity and Alternative Fuels: Corridor green encouraging usage vehicle electric (EV) and vehicles material fire other alternatives as part from the transportation strategy sustainable​. Electric vehicles have been considered as alternative vehicles to internal combustion engines vehicles (ICEVs) as it reduces air pollution such as GHG emission and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and provides a solution for sustainable transport (Woo et al., 2017). By installing station EV chargers and support incentives for vehicle electric and hybrid, the city can reduce house gas emissions green and dependence to material fire fossils. In addition, the use of buses and transportation low resource – powered emissions​ energy can renewed contribute to more air​ clean and reduce effect transportation nature around in corridor green​.

B. Environmental Considerations: ​

1. Merger Green Infrastructure: Corridors green combine elements infrastructure green, like trees, plants, gardens rain and roof green, for increase quality nature surroundings and services ecosystem. Re-feature so this helps reduce effect island urban heat (Bowler et al., 2010), reduce storm water runoff and increase quality air and water (Tzoulas et al., 2007). By integrating space green to in the environment built, corridor green creates powerful landscape​ durable and sustainable that supports diversity biology and improve urban livability.

2. Strategy for Reduce Emissions and Pollution: Corridors green implements strategies for reduce emissions and pollution from activity transportation, such as promote the use of energy-efficient vehicles, execute standards clearance vehicle, and encourage practice driving eco​. With optimize flow traffic, reduce idle time, and perform steps setting price congestion, the city can minimize pollution air and emissions carbon in corridor green (Marshall et al., 2012), the city can minimize pollution air and emissions carbon in corridor green.​ In addition, use technology clean, like vehicle electricity (EVs) and resources energy can renewed, reduced again traces the environment infrastructure transportation (Sovacool, 2017).

3. Conservation Biodiversity and Natural Habitat: Corridors green works as a network of critical habitats that facilitate movement wildlife and support conservation biodiversity in urban and suburban landscapes. With preserve and restore habitat​ so, like land wetlands, forests, and riparian areas, corridors green provide service ecosystem important and improving connectivity ecology. Corridor this act as corridor wildlife, enable species migrate, disperse and adapt self with situation changing environment, with​ that encouraging conservation biodiversity expect length and force hold on the ecosystem (Beninde et al., 2015).

Overall, the principal corridor green prioritizes sustainability, integrating modes of transport considering nature around, and encouraging conservation biodiversity for creating an empowered urban landscape resistant and friendly nature. With insert principle in urban planning and development, cities can create corridor green that increase quality life, powerful life as well as encourage social equality and contribute to a future of more sustainable.

Planning and Design

A. Engagement Party Interest and Engagement Community:

Engagement parties’ interest and involvement in the community is aspects important in the plan and they shape the corridor green Engagement parties interested, including population, organization community, business and agency government, make sure the design shapes corridor to reflect needs and priorities of society local. Through meeting public, workshops, surveys and groups focus, a party interested can provide valuable input about design shape corridors, facilities and programming. Engagement community fosters a sense of ownership and stewardship against the corridor, which leads to more support for implementation and maintenance expect long in addition, involves various parties interested in encouraging inclusion and equity, ensure corridor meets needs all population, include community marginalized and less get service.

B. Integration with Urban Development and Land Use Planning:

Corridor green should integrate with urban development and planning use land for maximize benefits and effectiveness. Coordination between designer transportation, urban designers, architects landscape and planner use land is important for make sure corridor green integrated with smooth to in urban fabric. Corridor route should align with pattern use land ready yes, plan development and networking transportation for optimize connectivity and accessibility. With combine corridor green to in skeleton work comprehensive planning, the city can encourage compact development, use​ mix, reduce area stretch, and preserve area valuable space and habitat restoration so ​Integration with urban development also provides opportunity for take advantage of investment private, combine feature design sustainable form, and increase quality whole the environment construction.

C. Design Guidelines and Best Practices for Creating Effective Green Corridors:

Guidelines​ design form and practice the best play role important in forming shape physical and functional corridor green ​Guidelines​ this provides skeleton work for planner, designer shape and framer base for create designed corridors​ shape with good, cohesive and functional that fulfills needs users and the environment. Consideration design shape main maybe included selection elements suitable plants and landscape, preparation​ facility safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle access accessible, merger board signs and facilities looking for path, and integration feature storm water management. Guidelines​ design form should also deal with the issue of safety, security, lighting and maintenance to make sure corridor green attractive, friendly and usable with both by residents and visitors. By obeying principal design form and practice best set, city can create a corridor green that increases connectivity, encouraging sustainability and enrichment urban experience.

D. Illustrative Case Studies Approach Successful Planning and Design:

Case studies give view precious to in approach planning and design successful form​ for corridor green​ With examine real world example project corridor green, planner, designer shape and framer base can learn from experience then, get to know for sure practice best and avoid trap normal​ Case studies exhibit various project, include street urban green, linear park, trail edge rivers and corridors ecology, each with challenges and opportunities design unique shape.​ A successful case study highlight solution design innovative form, engagement strategy parties effective interests, and results positive from side benefits nature environment, social and economic. With study and replicate study successful case, the city can imitate and adapt approach planning and design proven form​ for create corridor green them self – fulfilling the needs community and environment them.

In short, planning and design shape corridor effective green​ need involvement parties interested, integration with urban development, compliance to the guidelines design form and practice best, and learning from study successful case. ​ With insert principle this to in the planning. Overall, the principal corridor green prioritizes sustainability, integrating modes of transport considering nature around, and encouraging conservation biodiversity for creating an empowered urban landscape resistant and friendly nature. With insert principle in urban planning and development, cities can create corridor green that increase quality life, powerful life as well as encourage social equality and contribute to a future of more sustainable and design process shape, city can create corridor green that increases connectivity, encouraging sustainability and improve quality life population.

Benefits and Effects

A. Environmental Benefits: ​

1. Reduction Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Corridors green play role important in reduce house gas emissions green with promote sustainable modes of transport and reduce dependence on vehicles powerful material fire fossils. Additionally, green corridors facilitate alternative transportation modes such as walking and cycling, reducing reliance on fossil-fuel-powered vehicles and, consequently, lowering emissions (Gill et al., 2007). By encouraging walking, cycling and the use of public transit, corridors green help reduce miles traveled vehicles and emissions carbon related dioxide. In addition, the merger infrastructure green, like trees and plants, help in absorption carbon, next reduce effect change climate.

2. Improvement Air and Water Quality: Corridors green contribute to increase quality air and water in urban areas through various mechanism. Plants in corridor green act as filter air again, getting rid of material pollutants and particles from atmosphere. This minimizes pollutants reaching water bodies, protecting aquatic ecosystems (Tzoulas et al., 2007). In addition, space green helps reduce effect island city heat, lowering temperature ambient and reduce formation ground level ozone. Furthermore, the corridor green can work as buffer for protect water bodies from material polluter, filter storm water runoff, and increase water infiltration and charge bottom water again land​

3. Improvement of Urban Green Space: Corridors green increase availability and connectivity space city green, giving interest and enhancing ecology​ aesthetics, provide canopy and shade for pedestrians and biodiversity whole urban environment (Sarkar et al., 2015). Kabisch et al. (2016) and Pauleit et al. (2019) emphasize that green corridors address air and water quality, biodiversity conservation, and community well-being, making them vital for creating sustainable, resilient urban environments that meet global development goals. With maintain and develop area green inner city, corridor green creating a habitat for wildlife, support pollinators, and provide opportunity for activity recreation and appreciation nature again so. Green space this also offers break from the built environment, improve​ mental health and contributing to power hold on whole urban ecosystem.

B. Benefits Social and Economic:

1. Improve Health and Well-Being Public: Corridor green encouraging health and well-being public with provide opportunity for activity physical, recreational and relaxation. Possible walking and cycling routes​ accessible and safe encouraging transportation active and exercise, reduce risk disease chronic like obesity, diabetes and disorders cardiovascular. They offer restorative environments where individuals can reconnect with nature, which has been shown to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Studies have consistently demonstrated that proximity to green spaces improves air quality and reduces exposure to harmful pollutants, further benefiting respiratory health (Hunter et al., 2019; White et al., 2020). In addition, exposure to nature again so and space green has been shown can reduce pressure, increase mental health and improve quality life whole for the remaining population near corridor green​

2. Economic Development and Job Creation: Corridor green stimulate development economy and creation job with interesting investment, increase value real estate, and nurture opportunity tourism and recreation. A corridor designed green​ with good can turn on again less area​ used or broken, interesting businesses, restaurants and facilities culture. Furthermore, planning, designing form, construction and maintenance corridor green generate opportunity job in various sectors, include art build landscape, urban planning, construction and industry related tourism. Green corridors serve as catalysts for commercial growth in adjacent neighborhoods, helping revitalize local economies while promoting sustainability (McDonald et al., 2021; Shackleton et al., 2022).

3. Improvement Quality of Life and Livability of Urban Areas: Corridors green contribute to increase quality living and livability in urban areas with provide population with access to nature again so, space green and facilities recreation. Corridor this works as connector important between area neighborhood, park, school and district commercial, foster interaction social, unity community and spirit membership. Management planning for green corridors can provide a natural and cultural green space structure that reflects the needs of all residents (Pena et al, 2010). With create space vibrant and inclusive public, corridor​ green increase power attraction and desire whole urban environment, making the city more empowered resilient, sustainable and a fun place for live, work and play.

In short, corridor green offer various benefits nature environmental, social and economic, including reduction house gas emissions green, increase quality air and water, promotion health and well-being public, development economy and creation employment, and improvement quality life and livability in urban areas. Recognize and maximize interest this is important for promote use and implementation initiative corridor green regularly widespread in cities around the world.

Challenges and Solutions

A. Funding and Financing Challenges

One of them challenge main in implement corridor green is obtain sufficient funds and financing for planning, designing form, construction and maintenance. Source financing traditional for project transportation and infrastructure maybe no prioritize initiative corridor green, which brings to constraints budget and resource limitations. For deal with challenge this, the city can explore mechanism financing alternative, like sharing public-private, grants, fees impact and incentives tax​. Take advantage of various source financing and creating flow financing specifically for project corridor green can help make sure sustainability finance expect length and investment in infrastructure green​

B. Overcome Regulatory and Bureaucratic Barriers

Navigating the control process regulation and bureaucracy can give rise to significant obstacles​ to planning and implementation corridor green​ Requirements allow, rules zoning, policy usage land and assessment nature around maybe give rise to challenges and delays to approval and implementation project. For overcome obstacle this, the city can coordinate the permitting process, tidying up now code zoning for support development infrastructure green, and create mechanism coordination between agencies. In addition, engagement with agency control regulatory, parties stakeholders and members community at the beginning of the planning process can help know for sure potential obstacles and develop​ solution collaborative for deal with challenge control regulate.

C. Handling Potential Conflict with Existing Infrastructure and Land Use

Project corridor green maybe face conflict with infrastructure ready yes, pattern usage land and interests’ development. Competition for source limited land, conflicting priorities among​​​ parties’ interests, and resistance against change can complicating the planning and implementation process. For deal with conflict with infrastructure and use land ready Yes, the city can run planning use. A comprehensive land and spatial analysis for know for sure path suitable corridors and compatible uses. ​​ In addition, use use a design strategy flexible form, like​ combine infrastructure green to in street streets, parks and corridors utilities ready Yes, yes help minimize conflict and maximization interest corridor green while accommodate use and importance diverse land. ​

D. Strategies for Make Sure Equality and Inclusion Social in Green Corridor Development

Make sure equality and inclusion social in development corridor green is important for deal with gap in access to space green and optional transportation in circle diverse society.​ Overall, the principal corridor green prioritizes sustainability, integrating modes of transport considering nature around, and encouraging conservation biodiversity for creating an empowered urban landscape resistant and friendly nature. With insert principle in urban planning and development, cities can create Corridor Green that increase quality life, powerful life as well as encourages social equality and contribute to a future of more sustainable staple for participation and benefits from project corridor green, which brings to the result is not fair. For encouraging equity and inclusion social, city can receive use the planning process involving participation​ population, organization communities and groups advocacy in make decisions and priorities project. Combine principle design shape driven​ community, sensitivity culture and characteristics accessibility to in project corridor green can help deal with needs and preferences diverse population. In addition, implement mechanism equitable funding and funding, targeted outreach and engagement strategies, and programming inclusive can help make sure corridor green works as fair and able resources​ accessed for all population, without count race, income or ability.

In short, deal challenge financing and financing, steering obstacle control regulation and bureaucracy, resolve conflict with infrastructure and use land ready there, and encouraging equity and inclusion social is aspects critical development corridor green​ With use wear approach innovative, partnership collaborative and practice planning inclusive, the city can overcome challenge this and create corridor green that increases sustainability nature around, encourage equality social and improve quality life for all population.

Direction Towards the Future Green Corridor

A. Innovation in Design and Technology​ Green Corridor

Innovation in design form and technology corridor green ready for change planning, implementation and management corridor green in the future. Progress in art build landscape, design urban form and engineering enable development corridor more green​ empowered resilient, adaptive and diverse function. Technology infrastructure green, like pavement permeable, roof green, garden rainfall, and bios wales, moderate integrated to in design shape corridor for increase storm water management, reduce effect island urban heat, increase quality air and water, and support diversity biology. Solution technology smart, like network sensors, systems real -time monitoring and data analysis, is used for optimize performance corridor, track indicator nature around and involve user. In addition, use technology energy can renewable, such as solar panels and turbines wind, deep corridor green increasingly grow, give opportunity for generation energy, a powerful city resistance and reduction climate. When the city continues innovate and experiment with approach and technology design shape new, corridor green will grow to be system increasing dynamics and adaptability​ sustainability and power hold the city.

B. Promoting Global Initiatives and Partnerships Corridor Transportation Sustainable

Global initiatives and partnerships drive development corridor transportation sustainable worldwide. ​ Organization like Organization United Nations, World Bank, Union International for Nature Conservation (IUCN), and organizations not the government (NGO) promotes corridor strategy use green as part from more effort​ wide for deal with change climate, encouraging sustainability. development, and increase power hold the city. Initiative regional, like European Green Deal, Partnership Asia- Pacific Green Growth and the African Union Agenda 2063, medium nurture cooperation between countries for develop network corridor mutual green​ related that makes it easier sustainable transport and trade.​ Plus, sharing public-private, cooperation academics, and alliances various parties interested move source, share knowledge, and support renewal base for support implementation project corridor green​ With take advantage of global initiatives and partnerships, cities can access expertise technical, opportunity funding and practice the best for accelerate development corridor transportation sustainable and achieve goal sustainability them.

C. Potential Synergy with Objectives Other Sustainability, Like Climate Resilience and Energy Integration Can Renewed

Corridor green potential for synergizing with objective sustainability, like power hold on climate and integration energy, can renewed, to create more solutions​ holistic and integrated. Power strategy holds on climate, like infrastructure green, urban forest and restoration plain flood, yes integrated to in design shape corridor green for increase power hold on against event the weather extremes, sea level rise and impacts other climates. With combined features again so, like land wetlands, riparian buffers, and hills sand beaches, corridor green can work as infrastructure green empowered to give various benefits, including protection against flooding, habitat restoration and absorption of carbon. In addition, the corridor green can support integration energy can renew with providing space for solar panels, turbines wind and technology energy clean the other. By taking advantage of the synergy between corridor green and objective sustainability, the city can maximize interest together, cost-effectiveness and sustainability expected long-term investment infrastructure.

In short, future directions and emerging trends in Green Corridors include innovation in design and technology, global initiatives and partnerships that promote the sustainability of corridor transportation, and synergies with other sustainability objectives such as climate control and renewable energy integration. With a holistic, integrated adoption and adoption approach, cities can create green corridors that enhance the natural environment around them, support economic development, and enhance the quality of life for their populations now and in the future.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, discussion about corridor green outline role important them in fostering sustainable and resilient cities for the future. Through exploration this, view main has been appearing, stand out interest various aspects corridor green in reduce challenge nature around, encouraging the health public, nurture development economy and increase well-being society. Current drafter policies, planners and parties interested survive complexity urban development, there is an urgent call for act for priorities development of corridor green as components basic sustainable urban planning. With integrate corridor green to in skeleton work policy, invest in design innovative forms and technologies, and fostering sharing collaborative, the city can open potential full corridor green for create more urban environment suitable for inhabited, fair and sustainable nature around. Looking to the future, prospects​ for advanced concept corridor green is promising, with opportunities for innovation continuous, cooperation and partnership knowledge on a global scale. Received insight corridor green as components important urban infrastructure offers path to direction build a city that is not only empowered hold on face challenge nature around but also a growing community advanced, inclusive and energetic for generation will come​

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