Kenya’s Export of Cut Flowers to the European Union: A Constant Market Share Analysis

Mathew Kipkoech Bartilol, Sharon Jebiwot Keror, Harrison Kimutai Yego – April 2019 Page No.: 01-08

Kenya is one of the leading exporters of cut flower export products to the European Union market. It is the most important market for Kenya’s horticultural produce. This paper explores at length the market shares and lack of export growth of Kenya’s cut flower exports to the European Union market using a Constant Market Share Analysis methodology. This study used annual time series data from 2001 to 2014 of cut flower exports to the 28 member countries of the EU market. The growth in exports of cut flower products from Kenya to the European Union during the period under study was chiefly due to market share effect. The absence of export growth in cut flower products was attributed to commodity composition effect since the market distribution effect revealed that export products from the country did not attain much with respect to the expanding global markets.

Page(s): 01-08                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 14 April 2019

 Mathew Kipkoech Bartilol
Department of Agricultural Economics and Resource Management, Moi University, Kenya

 Sharon Jebiwot Keror
Department of Agricultural Economics and Resource Management, Moi University, Kenya

 Harrison Kimutai Yego
Department of Agricultural Economics and Resource Management, Moi University, Kenya

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Mathew Kipkoech Bartilol, Sharon Jebiwot Keror, Harrison Kimutai Yego “Kenya’s Export of Cut Flowers to the European Union: A Constant Market Share Analysis” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.01-08 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/01-08.pdf

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Gender and Changing Forms of Inheritance among the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria: A Case-Study of Women’s Inclusion in Landed-Property Bequest in Ijesa Land

OWAGBEMI, Olusola Gabriel, OLUSANYA Oyewole Omoniyi – April 2019 Page No.: 09-12

Over the years, gender has been one major factor which determines what goes to an individual in inheritance acquisition in the Yoruba society of the South-west Nigeria. As it is in most patriarchal societies there has been unequal positioning of male and female children to inheritance. The study investigates gender and the changing form of inheritance among the Yoruba of South-west Nigeria. Quantitative data was collected from randomly selected respondents numbering one hundred and twenty-five. The quantitative data collected were analysed with statistical package for the social sciences and the formulated hypotheses were tested using chi-square. Findings revealed that. The inheritance system is still in favour of the male than the female children due to patriarchal culture which still prevail among the Yoruba people. The Yoruba still believe that female children are not permanent member of their ‘first’ family, therefore if given a landed property, when married, it will become the husband’s property. The study also confirms the future possibility of female inclusion into landed properties inheritance acquisition in Ijesa land. The study therefore recommends that the Yoruba should de-emphasise the culture of patriarchy which promotes the superiority of men over women. people should be encouraged to stop seeing women as not being part of their ‘first’ family and also, as someone who cannot adequately handle landed properties even if it’s transferred to them after their parent’s demise, women should be out to seek for redress whenever they are being discriminated upon in inheritance sharing.

Page(s): 09-12                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 14 April 2019

 OWAGBEMI, Olusola Gabriel
Department of Sociology Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

 OLUSANYA Oyewole Omoniyi
Department of Sociology Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

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OWAGBEMI, Olusola Gabriel, OLUSANYA Oyewole Omoniyi ” Gender and Changing Forms of Inheritance among the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria: A Case-Study of Women’s Inclusion in Landed-Property Bequest in Ijesa Land ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.09-12 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/09-12.pdf

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Determinants of Small Holder Dairy Farmers Milk Production and Supply to Market in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Elly Kiptanui Kurgat, Sharon Jebiwott Keror, Harrison Kimutai Yego, Mathew Kipkoech Bartilol – April 2019 – Page No.: 13-18

This study aimed at analyzing the determinants of small holder dairy farmers’ milk production and supply to market in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. A Cobb Douglas production function was used to determine the factors influencing the quantity of milk produced while a supply function was used to determine factors influencing the quantity of milk marketed. Results of this study indicated that farmers are doing dairy farming for commercial purpose (79%) which is a clear step towards improving productivity and marketing. Factors which significantly affected milk production included milk price, training on animal husbandry, access to AI services, total farm size and group membership whereas sex of household head and the duration of keeping dairy cattle did not significantly influence milk production. The variables which significantly influenced the quantity of milk sold to the market were amount of milk produced and amount of milk consumed at home whereas household size and average price of milk did not significantly affect amount of milk supplied to the market. Given the results of this study the government should invest more in dairypolicies geared towards price stabilization, provision of AI services and training on dairy farming. Farmers should also be encouraged to join farmer dairy groups.

Page(s): 13-18                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 14 April 2019

 Elly Kiptanui Kurgat
County Government of Nandi, Kenya

 Sharon Jebiwott Keror
Moi University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Resource Management, P.O BOX 30900, Eldoret, Kenya

 Harrison Kimutai Yego
Moi University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Resource Management, P.O BOX 30900, Eldoret, Kenya

 Mathew Kipkoech Bartilol
Moi University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Resource Management, P.O BOX 30900, Eldoret, Kenya

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Elly Kiptanui Kurgat, Sharon Jebiwott Keror, Harrison Kimutai Yego, Mathew Kipkoech Bartilol “Determinants of Small Holder Dairy Farmers Milk Production and Supply to Market in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.13-18 April 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/13-18.pdf

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Education Inequality between Urban Slum and Rural Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of Kenya

Jafred Muyaka – April 2019 Page No.: 19-26

The purpose of the current paper was to determine the relationships between marginalised school location (Urban Slums versus Arid and Semi-Arid Lands) and girls’ performance in literacy and numeracy in Kenya. The study sampled 5,185 girls in Grades 5,6, 7 and 8 in the Urban slums of Nairobi and Mombasa Counties and ASAL areas of Turkana, Tana River, Kwale, Samburu, Marsabit and Kilifi Counties. The findings show significant differences in the performance of girls in Urban slums and ASALs in favour of the former. In addition, girls’ performance in middle grades (5&6) was better in numeracy than literacy while upper grades (7&8) the performance was better in literacy than numeracy. The study recommends the need to have quality education as one of the educational metrics to direct the education policy for the marginalised groups in Kenya.

Page(s): 19-26                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 15 April 2019

 Jafred Muyaka
Department of Foundations of Education, School of Education, University of Eldoret, P.O. BOX 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya

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Jafred Muyaka “Education Inequality between Urban Slum and Rural Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.19-26 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/19-26.pdf

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Using Community Learning Resources to Enhance the Acquisition of Science Process Skills

Dr. Stella Kabesa, Dr. Lazarus M. Okioma – April 2019 Page No.: 27-35

Current curriculum reforms in science education calls for a new look at using community resources. The science syllabi require access to the world beyond the classroom so that students get educational experiences that can diversify the array of learning opportunities and connect school lessons with daily life and real problems. A schools’ immediate community is a wonderful curriculum laboratory, which can provide extremely dynamic, interesting and real life opportunities for the acquisition of science process skills which include: observation, classification, measurement, inference, prediction and communication. In view of that, this study was conducted to investigate the use of community resources in helping students acquire science process skills. The study resides in a general survey model (Karasar, 1999).The study targeted form four students in 33 secondary schools of Uasin Gishu County. Data was collected from a sample of 186 form four students using self administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Correlation was employed to establish the association while multiple regressions were used to test the study hypotheses. The results revealed that use of school grounds, objects and specimens; use of zoos, parks and botanical gardens; resource persons; museums; models and dioramas exert statistically significant effect on the student’s acquisition of science process skills. It is recommended that school management should support the use of community resources by allowing and facilitating students to go for out-of-classroom activities and closely monitoring their full participation. Further, resource persons should be occasionally engaged in teaching and learning since they are full of memory, experience and expertise. This study provides theoretical insight that community resources can help students make connections between learning science skills and applying them in daily life.

Page(s): 27-35                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 16 April 2019

 Dr. Stella Kabesa
University of Eldoret, Kenya

 Dr. Lazarus M. Okioma
Moi University, Kenya

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Dr. Stella Kabesa, Dr. Lazarus M. Okioma “Using Community Learning Resources to Enhance the Acquisition of Science Process Skills” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.27-35 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/27-35.pdf

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Structure-Agent Relationship in Social Construction Process An Implementation of Election Information System in Indonesia

Harjono Padmono Putro, Udi Rusadi & Kholil – April 2019 Page No.: 36-42

The 2019 Concurrent Election, which was the first time in the history of elections in Indonesia which use a Political Party Information System (Sipol) as a working aid for the General Election Commissions of Indonesia (KPU RI) and Political Parties at the registration stage of 2019 Election Contesting Political Parties, caused legal, social, Sipol users and technical and non-technical aspects. The Critical Paradigm that underlies this research uses qualitative research methods using the Theory of Social Construction of Technology (SCoT), Giddens Structural theory and Information Systems theory. Evaluation analysis were conducted using the Holostic Critical Evaluation framework and data analysis using Miles and Hubermas models.
The evaluative analysis results showed some differences in interpretation of meanings between structures and agents, this shows that the social construction process in the development and implementation of this Sipol (1). not yet have consistency starting from the vision to the results and (2). there is no balance between technical aspects and non-technical aspects. There is a practice of structural domination by the KPU RI due to unequal power relations between the RI KPU and Political Parties, so that there are differences in the position of the electoral system structure in Indonesia, and this has an effect on the development and application of Sipol. This research succeeded in offering 3 recommendations, namely: (1). model, (2). the use of theory between scientific fields and (3). architecture for development and implementation of Sipol. The renewal of this research is the modification of the SCoT theory with the Giddens Structural theory called the Giddens-SCoT Structural Theory Integration.

Page(s): 36-42                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 16 April 2019

 Harjono Padmono Putro
Students Ph.D Program of Science Communication, Post Graduate School of Sahid University, Jakarta Indonesia

 Udi Rusadi
Associate Professor at Post Graduate School of Sahid University, Jakarta Indonesia

 Kholil
Professor at Post Graduate School of Sahid University, Jakarta Indonesia

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Harjono Padmono Putro, Udi Rusadi & Kholil “Structure-Agent Relationship in Social Construction Process An Implementation of Election Information System in Indonesia” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.36-42 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/36-42.pdf

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The Implementation of Subsidiary toward Holding Company in Manifestation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) Principle

Alfarina Ardyastutik, Albertus Sentot Sudarwanto, Yudho Taruno Muryanto- April 2019 Page No.: 43-47

This research aims to know the implementation of the subsidiary toward the holding company in manifestation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principle. This research was conducted at PT INKA (Persero) and PT IMS. This research uses empirical legal research and the nature of this research is descriptive research. It explained implementation of the subsidiary toward the holding company in manifestation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principle. The types of data are divided into primary and secondary data. The primary data are the data gained from interview, and the secondary data taken from written document, reports, books, journals, and articles related to the research. Meanwhile, source of data consist of primary and secondary data source. The primary data source is information or fact which is directly gained through research on location, and secondary data source consist of primary and secondary legal material. Technique of collecting primary data is conducted by interview, while technique of collecting secondary data is conducted by literature review. Based on the research finding and discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation of Subsidiary toward holding company in manifestation of Good Corporate Governance has been corresponding with Article 36 paragraph (2) of Decree of the Minister of State-Owned Enterprises No: KEP-117/M-MBU/2002 concerning the application of Good Corporate Governance Practice in the State-Owned Enterprises. The implementation of the Good Corporate Governance Principle is important for companies. It is used to increase business success and company accountability in order to embody long term shareholder value while while paying attention to the interest of other stakeholders based on the legislation and ethical values.

Page(s): 43-47                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 18 April 2019

 Alfarina Ardyastutik
Master Program of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

 Albertus Sentot Sudarwanto
Lecturer Master Program of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

 Yudho Taruno Muryanto
Lecturer Master Program of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

Books
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[4]. Rajagukguk, E. (2008). Peranan Hukum Dalam Mendorong BUMN meningkatkan Pendapatan Negara dan Kesejahtraan Rakyat. Jakarta : PT Indeks.
[5]. Shadily, H (pemred). (1987). Ensiklopedia Indonesia. Jakarta : PT. Ichtiar Baru – Van Hoeve.
[6]. Soeriaatmadja, A. (2010). Laporan Akhir Kompendium Bidang Hukum Keuangan Negara (Sumber-Sumber Keuangan Negara). Jakarta: Law and Human Rights Development Agency of Republic of Indonesia.
[7]. Suhardi, G. (2007). Revitalisasi BUMN. Yogyakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya.
[8]. Usman, R. (2004). Dimensi Hukum Perusahaam Perseroan Terbatas. Bandung : Alumni
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[9]. Wijayanti, M. (2015). PENERAPAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) PADA METODE PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA DI BUMN (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan BUMN PT.XYZ). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.
[10]. Xu, X., & Xia, Y. (2012). Internal corporate governance and the use of IPO over-financing: Evidence from China. China Journal of Accounting Research, 5(3), 231- 249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2012.08.003
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[18]. Regulation of Minister of Stated Owned Enterprises No: PER – 01/MBU/2011 concerning Good Corporate Governance Implementation in the State-Owned Enterprises which states that all of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs).

Alfarina Ardyastutik, Albertus Sentot Sudarwanto, Yudho Taruno Muryanto, “The Implementation of Subsidiary toward Holding Company in Manifestation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) Principle” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.43-47 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/43-47.pdf

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Performance Evaluation of Electricity Service Delivery Privatisation in Selected Developed and Developing Countries

Olamide Eniola Victor (PhD) and Adeoti, I. – April 2019 Page No.: 48-53

Electricity service delivery privatisation had been the strategy embarked upon in some developed and developing nations with the intention of finding a solution to the problem of poor supply of electricity. The comparative analysis of the factors that account for either poor or excellent performance of this strategy in some selected countries across the globe is the thrust of the paper. Relevant literaturewas systematically reviewed to unravel the factors responsible for poor or excellence performance as method adopted in this paper. Seventeen nations were purposively selected across the globe and the comparative analysis of the factors for effective service delivery of electricity in some nations and otherwise in some other nations. The analytical results of the factors like; availability of enabling environment of functional electric facilities, the effective distribution network of electricity facilities, and cautious privatisation planning process by the government that have utmost concern and consideration for electricity users among others, formed the points of the discourse of the study. Recommendations like; availability of functional electricity service delivery facilities, preparedness of the government, appropriate planning process, inter alia,before venturing into privatisation, were the submission of the paper.

Page(s): 48-53                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 April 2019

 Olamide Eniola Victor (PhD)
The Federal Polytechnic Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

 Adeoti, I.
The Federal Polytechnic Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

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Olamide Eniola Victor (PhD) and Adeoti, I., “Performance Evaluation of Electricity Service Delivery Privatisation in Selected Developed and Developing Countries” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.48-53 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/48-53.pdf

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Efficiency and Productivity Pattern of Public and Private Hospitals in Oyo State Nigeria

Joseph Afolabi Ibikunle- April 2019 Page No.: 54-61

The importance of good health to social and economic development has been the reason for countries’ health systems to pursue effective, efficient, quality and equity objectives. However, the success depends on how much any or all of these objectives could be attained. This study estimates the efficiency and productivity pattern of public and private hospitals in Oyo State, Nigeria for the period of 2007 to 2016. Convenience sampling method was employed to select 10 public and 10 private hospitals. The input data are the number of Doctors, Nurses, hospital beds, unit cost of operation, equipment and cost of drugs while the output variables were inpatient, outpatient, deliveries and revenue. Data Envelopment Analysis and the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) was used to calculate the efficiency and productivity growth of the hospitals. Findings revealed that the public hospitals were more efficient in terms of technical, allocative and cost with the mean score of (0.858, 0.822 and 0.701) than the private hospital (0.616, 690 and 0.425), but both are deteriorating in productivity growth (0.971 and 0.763). The study recommended that the Ministries of Health should equip the hospitals towards the changing health demands and competitiveness in the cost of operation for both hospitals.

Page(s): 54-61                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 April 2019

 Joseph Afolabi Ibikunle
Department of Economics, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria

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Joseph Afolabi Ibikunle” Efficiency and Productivity Pattern of Public and Private Hospitals in Oyo State Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.54-61 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/54-61.pdf

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Beginning Change: Incorporating Information Communication Technologies into Secondary-level Biology Education in Bangladesh

Khayrunnahar Shirin, Patricia A Kerslake – April 2019 Page No.: 62-67

Using a self-study methodology as a basis of investigation, this paper explores theincorporation ofinformation communication technology (ICT) into secondary-level Biologyeducation in Bangladesh.Given that the traditional secondary-level learning environment in Bangladesh isoften unequipped for preparing students to function beyond its own society, the encroachment of globalism renders pedagogical progress (in the form of incorporated ICT) both vital and inevitable. Using ICT in a learning environment is commonplace in developed nations, yet developing countries, such as Bangladesh, are still considering whetherICT is even an appropriate application, yet there is scant understandingor substantive research upon which to base future policy change. This paper examines the role that ICTmay play in supporting face-to-face teaching and learning in thesecondary-level Biology classroom, at the same time as improving knowledge-retention, and dealing with special-needs students. This paper also discusses possible ICT education needs in Bangladesh and suggests futurepolicy direction.The result of this research is an important tool for educators, students, politicians, development practitioners, researchers, and many other freelance knowledge educators.

Page(s): 62-67                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 20 April 2019

 Khayrunnahar Shirin
Government Titumir College, Dhaka, Bangladesh

 Patricia A Kerslake
CQ University, Melbourne, Australia

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Khayrunnahar Shirin, Patricia A Kerslake “Beginning Change: Incorporating Information Communication Technologies into Secondary-level Biology Education in Bangladesh” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.62-67 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/62-67.pdf

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The Concept of Best Practice in Vocational and Technical Education: Case Study of Federal College of Education (Tech) Gombe

Ado Makama Adamu PhD, Rakiya Audu, Rhoda Sarki Awak PhD, Yakubu Abubakar – April 2019 Page No.: 68-72

The purpose of this study is to appraise what academic staff of Federal College of Education Technical Gombe understands by the concept of ‘best practice’. The concept of best practices resonate with almost everybody, it has been a buzz word in many fields of human endeavors. It is the same in the academic world, yet it isa nebulous construct precisely demarcating what constitute best practice seems to be a daunting task. In this study the concept of best practice was tested with 163 academic staffs of Federal College of Education (Tech.) Gombe. Results indicates that concept of best practice is not well understood by the respondents. Suggestion for further studies is made; among others there is a need for scholars to come up with a group of procedures that will be use as best practice.

Page(s): 68-72                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 20 April 2019

 Ado Makama Adamu PhD
Department of Accounting, Federal College of Education Technical Gombe, Nigeria

 Rakiya Audu
Home Economics Department, Federal College of Education Technical Gombe, Nigeria

 Rhoda Sarki Awak PhD
Office Technology and Management, Federal College of Education Technical Gombe, Nigeria

 Yakubu Abubakar
Department of Accounting, Federal College of Education Technical Gombe, Nigeria

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Ado Makama Adamu PhD, Rakiya Audu, Rhoda Sarki Awak PhD, Yakubu Abubakar “The Concept of Best Practice in Vocational and Technical Education: Case Study of Federal College of Education (Tech) Gombe” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.68-72 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/68-72.pdf

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Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Under-Five Mortality in Adamawa State of Nigeria

Mundi R, Nwankwo BB , Dakyes SP, Ishaya S, Yohanna S – April 2019 Page No.: 73-80

Background
The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) identifies that children are at a greater risk of dying before age five if they are born in rural areas, among the poor, or to mothers who have no basic education. This study aimed to examine the influence of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women of child bearing age on the survival of their under- five years children.
Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study employed the use of quantitative data derived from primary sources. The study participants were selected from communities in three Local Government Areas of Adamawa State using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The demographic and socioeconomic variables analyzed include age, Level of education, marital status, occupation, average monthly income, ethnicity, religion, living with spouse/partner. Chi square test of significance was used to analyze the categorical data, while logistic regression was used to determine the variables that were the most predictive of under-five mortality.
Results
Four hundred and thirty- eight mothers aged between 15 and 49 years (mean 30.8 +/- 9) consented and completed the interviews in the different communities studied. One hundred and seventy-two (39.3%) of the mothers had experienced the death of at least one child before the attainment of five years. The bivariate analysis of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the mothers depicts a statistically significant relationship between mothers’ education, mother monthly income, ethnicity, religion, marital statusas well as occupation of partner and under-five child mortality. Age of mothers and Occupation had no statistical significant relationship with under-five child mortality. The, low educational status, widowed and divorcees, who had no other source of income than housewifery were significantly more likely to have an under-five mortality compared to their counterparts (p-value <0.05). On multinomial logistic regression beta coefficient, of all the variables, religion was the onlysignificant causing under 5 mortality.

Conclusion
Despite concerted efforts by several international organizations to reduce under-five mortality worldwide, there remains unacceptably high numbers of children dying before reaching the age of five years in Adamawa State, Nigeria.Low educational status, low income, maternal unemployment, divorce and widowed status were noted to be important predictors of a woman experiencing the death of her under-five children. The continued practice of girl child marriage, high divorce rate and the paralysis of economic activities by the insurgency in the Northeast, Nigeria may be indirectly sustaining the high under-five mortality in Adamawa State.
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Page(s): 73-80                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 20 April 2019

 Mundi R
Department of Geography, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

 Nwankwo BB
Department of Community Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

 Dakyes SP
Department of Family Medicine, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria

 Ishaya S
Department of Geography, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

 Yohanna S
Department of Family Medicine, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria

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[24]. aabneh, A. ‘Christian-Muslim differences in child survival in Egypt’, Journal Of Population Research, 31, 3, p. 253-267, 2014 Scopus®, EBSCOhost, Last accessed: August 22, 2018.
[25]. Heaton, T.B. ‘Religion and socioeconomic status in developing nations: A comparative approach’, Social Compass, 60, 1, pp. 97- 114, 2013, Last accessed: August 22, 2018

Mundi R, Nwankwo BB , Dakyes SP, Ishaya S, Yohanna S “Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Under-Five Mortality in Adamawa State of Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.73-80 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/73-80.pdf

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Influence of Voice and Accountability on Tax Revenue in Nigeria

N. S. Awotomilusi, Prof. I. R. Akintoye, Dr. F. F. Adegbie – April 2019 Page No.: 81-89

:-Tax revenue is an essential aspect of government revenue considered as the wheel of economic development of a nation and it facilitates the implementation of the fiscal policy of the government. Quite a few reforms have been carried out in Nigeria tax system to improve the tax revenue but yielded little effect as the country still experiences over-dependence on oil revenue. This study explored another alternative that may influence and improve tax revenue without necessarily reviewing tax rate that may adversely affect taxpayers’ purchasing power in the long run. Several studies were carried out on the impact of institutional factors on tax revenue in developing nations using panel data analysis without specific effect, but it seems not many have been conducted in Nigeria. The study evaluated the influence of voice and accountability as institutional factor jointly with economic factors which are industry share in GDP, the share of Agriculture in GDP, trade openness and inflation held as control variables on tax revenue in Nigeria.
The ex-postfacto research design was adopted for this study. The geographical coverage of the study is Nigeria. Secondary data were obtained from the reports of Federal Inland Revenue Service, Political Risk Services of International Country Risk Guide and the World Bank Development Index for a period covering 1984-2017 using purposive sampling technique the study adopted descriptive and inferential (regression) statistics for data analysis.
The study found that significant relationship existed betweenvoice and accountability and tax revenue (β = 0.0413; p< 0.05; t(34) = 2,54; R2= 0.99 ) in line with a priori expectation. There was also a significant positive relationship between control variables. The researcher recommended that government should improve on voice and accountability to improve tax revenue through voluntary compliance to tax laws

Page(s): 81-89                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 20 April 2019

 N. S. Awotomilusi
Ph.D. Student, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

 Prof. I. R. Akintoye
Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

 Dr. F. F. Adegbie
Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

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N. S. Awotomilusi, Prof. I. R. Akintoye, Dr. F. F. Adegbie “Influence of Voice and Accountability on Tax Revenue in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.81-89 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/81-89.pdf

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A Study of Relationship between Pedagogical Knowledge and Practice among Senior Secondary School Civic Teachers in Osun State Nigeria

Dr. B.A. Adeyemi – April 2019 Page No.: 90-95

The study determined the adequacy level of pedagogical knowledge as well as pedagogical practice of senior secondary school Civic teachers in Osun State. It also examined the relationship between pedagogical knowledge as well as pedagogical practice of senior secondary school Civic teachers and finally determined the influence of educational qualification and year of experience on pedagogical practice of senior secondary school Civic teachers in Osun State.The study adopted the correlational research method. Multistage sampling procedure was employed in selecting a sample size of 100 Civic teachers. Two instruments were designed and validated before use. Two research questions were raised and answered and three hypotheses were tested and verified. The results among others showed that 80% of Civic teachers had adequate level of pedagogical knowledge whereas 18% of Civic teachers demonstrated good level of pedagogical practice. The results equally showed that there was a significant relationship between the pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical practice of senior secondary school Civic teachers (χ2 = 13.490; p < 0.05). The study concluded that a cordial harmony existed between pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical practice of senior secondary school Civic teachers. This is keen to ensuring effective teaching and learning

Page(s): 90-95                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 23 April 2019

 Dr. B.A. Adeyemi
Institute of Education, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

[1]. Adeyemi, B.A. (2019). Influence of Value Self Efficacy on Knowledge of National Values in Civic Education among Senior Secondary Schools Students. Journal of Emerging Trends in Education Research and Policy Studies,10(1): 33 – 40.
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[13]. Popoola,A.A. and Odili,G.A. (2011). Secondary School Mathematics Teachers Utilization of Pedagogical Knowledge and their teaching effectiveness.African Journal of Education and Technology, 1(3): 53-61
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Dr. B.A. Adeyemi “A Study of Relationship between Pedagogical Knowledge and Practice among Senior Secondary School Civic Teachers in Osun State Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.90-95 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/90-95.pdf

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Tafsir Literature: Growth and Development

Abu Nasar Mohammad Abdul Mabood – April 2019 Page No.: 96-107

The Qur’ān introduces itself as a guidance which encourages man to realize the nature of his existence. The man who would reflect upon Allāh’s guidance should therefore have a thorough understanding of the Qur’ān. The Qur’ān needed interpretation, even while it was being revealed. The effort of interpreting the meaning of this guidance according to man’s ability is called tafsir. As recorded in many accounts, the style of Qur’ān commentary is traceable as far back as the first generation of Muslims( 310-23, 1995, V. 72, n. 2, Der Islām). After the Prophet Muhammad (r) himself, Ibn ‘Abbās (رضى الله عنهما) was the most prominent Qur’ān interpreter among the Prophet’s Companions,[1] his exegesis was marked by a close attention to certain expressions of the Qur’ān and the occasions on which the Qur’ān was revealed. It contains an unlimited possibility of meanings. The impression that it has upon our thoughts stands at the level of absolute existence. Therefore, its verses are always open to new interpretation; it can never be restricted to a single interpretation. The variety of possible interpretations of the Qur’ānic verses shows the need for a similar variety of approaches. Qur’ānic exegetes formed schools and formulated principles of exegesis and methods of interpretation which often reflected the socio-political environment and comparison the religious thoughts of their eras.[2] At first, the study of the Qur’ān involved the study of the text itself, focusing on its readings and the traditions that explained it. Later, this was extended to commentary on the Qur’ān originally meant to give Muslims Qur’ānic answers to their daily problems. When Muslims encountered other civilizations, the status of the Qur’ān was included. Toward the end of the last second century hijri, the study of the authenticity of the Qur’a>n and of its miraculous nature (i‘jāz al-Qur’ān) developed mainly to establish the validity of Muhammad’s(r) Prophethood. After the Prophet (r) it has been developed day by day by the methods which are accredited to all. The paper has been focused on the development of Tafsir literature.

Page(s): 96-107                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 24 April 2019

 Abu Nasar Mohammad Abdul Mabood
Dr., Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

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Abu Nasar Mohammad Abdul Mabood “Tafsir Literature: Growth and Development” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.96-107 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/96-107.pdf

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Inclusive Education for Persons with Disabilities in Context of Social Change and Development in Kenya – A Case of Kenyatta University

Joyce. Achieng Ogogo, Molly M. Akinyi Ogalloh, Paul. K. Mbugua, Stephen M. Nzoka- April 2019 Page No.: 108-115

The purpose of this paper was to establish influence of inclusive education for persons with disabilities in context of social change and development in Kenya – a case of Kenyatta University. The study aimed at determining whether Kenya was ready for Inclusive Education, whether Inclusive Education is an effective means for social change and development for PWDs and persons without disabilities, whether Inclusive Education leads to all round development of a person, and whether Inclusive Education facilitates social change and development more than any other mode of education. Methodology-descriptive survey design. Population consisted of all persons with disabilities and those without disabilities within Kenyatta University and a sample size of 150 persons was purposively sampled. The findings of this study showed that: Kenya was not ready for inclusive education; Inclusive Education has not been quite an effective means of social change and development as in the context of KU; Inclusive Education would only benefits persons with disabilities; KU environment is generally not Inclusive because of inadequate facilities for PWDs; Inclusive Education is not cost effective. Some of the recommendations were: stakeholders need to work together as a team to put in places all the requirements; provision of resources to remove all the barriers to change and make modifications to the curriculum and infrastructure to cater for all students’ needs.

Page(s): 108-115                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 24 April 2019

  Joyce. Achieng Ogogo
Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi Kenya

  Molly M. Akinyi Ogalloh
Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi Kenya

  Paul. K. Mbugua
Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi Kenya

  Stephen M. Nzoka
Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi Kenya

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[4]. Convention on the rights of the child 1989: 44/25 November, 1999.EENETnewsletter 1998 – http://www.eenet.org.keIndividuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments(1997), (P.L. 105- 17), 111 Stat. 37-157 (1997).
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[16]. World Conference on Education for All (Jomtien, Thailand, 1990). bice.org/…/unesco_world_declaration_on_education_for_all_jomt.

Joyce. Achieng Ogogo, Molly M. Akinyi Ogalloh, Paul. K. Mbugua, Stephen M. Nzoka, “Inclusive Education for Persons with Disabilities in Context of Social Change and Development in Kenya – A Case of Kenyatta University” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.108-115 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/108-115.pdf

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The Relationship between Market Orientation on Business Performance of Women: Mediating Role of Innovation

Rahmat Magajiya Aliyu, Tunku Salha Binti Tunku Ahmad and Norshahrizan Binti Nordin – April 2019 Page No.: 116-123

This research examines the relationship between Market orientation (MO) on Business Performance of women (BP) in Nigeria using Innovation (I) as a mediator in improving the women performance which at the long-run will contribute positively towards the increase of Nigeria GDP. Data required for the study was collected from the Women (MSME’s) operating in the North-Western Nigeria using a survey design, a systematic random and stratified disproportionate sampling. A designed questionnaire has been distributed across the target population of 576 through self-administration. In order to evaluate the proposed data, the study has adopted the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that MO and Innovation are important strategic for the women performance MSMEs in Nigeria. The findings also revealed that women MSME performance depends on the degree of MO of the business performance. However, innovation was found to mediate between MO and business performance of women. The findings of this study provide important insights to women owner/managers of MSMEs, policy makers and researchers to further understand the impacts of MO and I on women MSME performance. Women MSMEs should also be encouraged to improve their MO and I which may increase their performances.

Page(s): 116-123                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 24 April 2019

 Rahmat Magajiya Aliyu
PhD Candidate, School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

 Tunku Salha Binti Tunku Ahmad
Senior Lecturer, School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

 Norshahrizan Binti Nordin
Senior Lecturer, School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

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Rahmat Magajiya Aliyu, Tunku Salha Binti Tunku Ahmad and Norshahrizan Binti Nordin “The Relationship between Market Orientation on Business Performance of Women: Mediating Role of Innovation” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.116-123 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/116-123.pdf

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Governance and Operations of Corporate University-Industry Partnership: Strategic Transformation Management Plan Model

Engr. Dennis S. Tibe – April 2019 Page No.: 124-137

The focus of this study is to describe the governance and operations of corporate university-industry partnership, to develop a strategic transformation management plan model.The transformational management techniques utilized by the University administration in strategic transformation organizational management, governance and operations. The transformative tools employed by the University administration in strategic corporate management, governance, and procedures; and the extent to which the strategic models of partnerships between the University and industry undertaken by the University in management, governance, and operations. This study used a descriptive, analytical method of conducting research wherein the quantitative data were gathered using a survey questionnaire. Results showed that the University had a very satisfactory environment, a very satisfying delivery of strategic mandates, and often utilized the transformational management techniques; and the strategic models of partnership between the University and industry often undertaken which led to the development of the Governance and Operations of Corporate University-Industry Partnership: Strategic Transformation Management Plan Model. State Universities, Colleges, and private industries are encouraged to maximize the utilization of the said management plan model to bring economic impact to the country in general..

Page(s): 124-137                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 24 April 2019

 Engr. Dennis S. Tibe
Leyte Normal University, Tacloban City, Leyte, Philippines

Books
[1]. Adeyemo, Kolowale Samuel (2013). Management Technique forSchool Administrators Decision-Making Paradigm. Manila,Philippines: Rex Book Store.
[2]. Atienza, RumelValenton, (2012) Transformation OrganizationManagement. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.www.rexpubishing.com.
[3]. Miclat, Eusebio T. Jr. (2005) Strategic Planning in Education: MakingChange Happen, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
[4]. Ouchi, Williams G. (2005) Theory Z: How the American Business CanMeet the Japanese Challenge: Reading MA: Addison WesleyPublication Co.
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Engr. Dennis S. Tibe “Governance and Operations of Corporate University-Industry Partnership: Strategic Transformation Management Plan Model” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.124-137 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/124-137.pdf

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Translation and Analyses of IbnTaymiyya’s First Anti-Mongol Fatwa

Dr. Jabir Sani Maihula- April 2019 Page No.: 138-142

IbnTaymiyya’s three Anti-Mongol fatwas are his most controversial treatises regarding jihad. The controversial nature of the fatwas exposed them to the exploitation by the contemporary jihadists. The three fatwas are cited in volume twenty eight of the Majmūʿfatāwā, the first fatwa is in 28:502 -508. This paper will translate the first fatwa into English and make some analysis on the content of the fatwa. The aim of the translation and analysis is to make the fatwa available to the non-Arabic readers to avoid accessing the fatwas from the analysis of the extremists and also to contextualize IbnTaymiyya’s harshness in fatwas to the Mongol period.

Page(s): 138-142                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 25 April 2019

 Dr. Jabir Sani Maihula
Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria

[1]. AbiDawud, S. A. (2003), SunanAbiDawud, A. Abdul-khair et tal (eds.), Dar al-Hadith.
[2]. Ahmad Khan, 177–203. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2016. n Hoover, “IbnTaymiyya between Moderation and Radicalism,” in Reclaiming Islamic Tradition: Modern Interpretations of the Classical Heritage, ed. Elisabeth Kendall and Ahmad Khan (Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2016), 3.
[3]. “Lessons from the Fitnah of the Mongols,” Dabiq 14, (April/May 2016): 47. Last accessed 25/04/2017 https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2016/04/the-islamic-state-22dacc84biq-magazine-1422.pdf
[4]. Aigle D. “The Mongol Invasions of Bilād Al-Shām by GhāzānKhān and IbnTaymīyah’sThree “Anti-Mongol” Fatwas.” Mamlūk Studies Review 11, no.2 (2007): 89-120.
[5]. Bonney, Richard. Jihād: From Qur’ān to bin Laden. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
[6]. Hoover, Jon. “IbnTaymiyya between Moderation and Radicalism.” In Reclaiming Islamic Tradition: Modern Interpretations of the Classical Heritage. Ed. Elisabeth Kendall
[7]. IbnTaymiyya, AḥmadʿAbd al ḤalīmShaykh al-Islām, Fatāwā al-kubrā. ed. Muhammad ʿAbd al-QādirʿAṭā and MusṭafāʿAbd al-QādirʿAṭā Beirut: Dāralkutub al-ʿilmiyya, 1978.
[8]. IbnTaymiyya, AḥmadʿAbd al ḤalīmShaykh al-Islām, Majmūʿfatāwā ed. ʿAbd al-RaḥmānibnMuḥammadibnQāsim and MuḥammadibnʿAbd al-RaḥmānibnMuḥammad.Majmūʿfatāwā (Riyadh: Maṭābiʿ al-Riyāḍ, 1961-67).
[9]. Muslim, M.H. (2008), Sahih Muslim, Siddiqui, A. (trans.): Beirut. Daru al-Arabia.

Dr. Jabir Sani Maihula, “Translation and Analyses of IbnTaymiyya’s First Anti-Mongol Fatwa” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.138-142 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/138-142.pdf

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Assessment of Career Guidance in the Ghanaian Senior High Schools: The Case of Tema Metropolis

Esther Agbodeka (Rev.Mrs.), Davis Mawuena Aweso, Rev. Ebenezer Tetteh Fiorgbor – April 2019 Page No.: 143-145

This paper offers primarily an assessment of parents, teachers and Guidance and Counseling Coordinators involvement in delivering counseling services in Senior High Schools within the Tema metropolis.
Premised on Super’s theory of self-concept, the study conducted involve a heterogeneous sample of 150 respondents, comprising 25 SHS Students, 50 teachers, 50 parents and 25 Guidance and Counseling Coordinators were selected within the metropolis were selected using both statistical and non-statistical sampling techniques. Three questionnaires were the research instruments used to collect data from the respondents. The major findings of the study showed that 40% of the parents were involved in their wards career guidance. Again, 60% teachers were also involved in their students’ career guidance in the selected Senior High Schools in the Tema Metropolis. However, more than half of thestudents’ respondents needed to be guided by teachers especially, in the area of career choice.

Page(s): 143-145                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 25 April 2019

 Esther Agbodeka (Rev.Mrs.)
Principal, Agogo Presbyterian College of Education, Ghana

 Davis Mawuena Aweso
Tutor, Agogo Presbyterian College of Education, Ghana

 Rev. Ebenezer Tetteh Fiorgbor
Tutor, Agogo Presbyterian College of Education, Ghana

[1]. Ackummey, M.A. (2003). Organisational and Administration of Guidance Programme. Accra: Media Graphic and Press Limited
[2]. Assoah, S.K. (2007). Guidance and Counseling in Education. Kumasi: Saviour Printing Press

Esther Agbodeka (Rev.Mrs.), Davis Mawuena Aweso, Rev. Ebenezer Tetteh Fiorgbor “Assessment of Career Guidance in the Ghanaian Senior High Schools: The Case of Tema Metropolis” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.143-145 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/143-145.pdf

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Justice Principles and Balance of Interests of Online and Conventional Taxi Business Competition in Indonesia

Dwi Eka Putriani, Adi Sulistiyono, Emmy Latifah- April 2019 Page No.: 146-154

Justice is the ideal of law which is the basic right of every human being that must be realized in all aspects of life. One of them is business competition. The justice in business competition actualized in the principle of economic democracy basically makes public welfare the goal to be achieved. However, it has not been felt by conventional taxi industrialists because of the presence of online taxis that determine tariffs lower than those of conventional taxi so that many conventional taxi users begin to switch to online taxis resulting in a decrease in conventional taxi companies’ turnovers. According to justice theory proposed by Aristotle, Roscoe Pound, and John Rawls, using document study method with legal analysis, it was found that Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 118 of 2018 issued by the Minister of Transportation of Indonesia is a manifestation of justice and balance of interests between online and conventional taxis in Indonesia. In the Minister of Transportation Regulation, the upper and lower limit tariff determination is the solution to the problem of non-significant tariff differences between online and conventional taxis. In addition, the regulation of operational terms and conditions in Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 118 of 2018 is intended to equal the rights and obligations of business people so that they can create a healthy business environment among them.

Page(s): 146-154                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 25 April 2019

 Dwi Eka Putriani
Law Department, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

 Adi Sulistiyono
Law Department, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

 Emmy Latifah
Law Department, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

Journal
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[3] Barbara Mescher, (December 2009) “Business Ethics and The Law of Contract” Journal of Law and Financial Management Volume 8, No. 2,
[4] Bahder Johan Nasution, (2014) “KajianFilsafatTentangKonsepKeadilan Dari PemikiranKlasikSampaiPemikiranModeren (Philosophical Study on the Concept of Justice from Classical to Modern Thought)” Yustisia, Volume 3 Number 2.
[5] EdmiraRivani, (March,2017) “KebijakanPenyesuaianTarifTaksiBerbasis Online (Online-based Taxi Tariff Adjustment Policy)”, Info SingkatEkonomidanKebijakanPublik, Vol. IX, No. 06..
[6] EmmyLatifah, (2015) “EksistensiPrinsip-PrinsipKeadilanDalamSistemHukumPerdaganganInternasional (Existence of Justice Principles in the International Trade Law System)” PJIH (PadjadjaranJurnalIlmuHukum), Vol. 2, No. 1.
[7] Melisa Safitri, (2015) “TinjauanHukumPersaingan Usaha TerhadapKonflikAntaraTaksiKonvensional Dan Taksi Online (Legal Review of Business Competition Against Conflicts Between Conventional and Online Taxis)” JurnalProgresifKeadilan,Vol. 06 No. 02 Bandar Lampung.
[8] Monika Suhayati, (November 2016)“PenyederhanaanIzinBagiPelaku Usaha Mikrodan Kecil dariPerspektifHukum; Studi Di Daerah Istimewah Yogyakarta (License Simplification for Micro and Small Business People from a Legal Perspective; A Study in Yogyakarta Special Region)” Jurnal Negara Hukum, Vol.7 No.2.
[9] Monika Suhayati, (Juni 2011) “KajianYuridisPrivatisasiBadan Usaha Minil Negara MelaluiMekanismePenawaranUmum (Juridical Study of State-Owned Enterprises through Initial Public Offering Mechanisms), Jurnal Negara Hukum, Vol.2, No.1.
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Dwi Eka Putriani, Adi Sulistiyono, Emmy Latifah “Justice Principles and Balance of Interests of Online and Conventional Taxi Business Competition in Indonesia” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.146-154 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/146-154.pdf

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The Role of Diplomacy in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment for Development in Nigeria: A Study of Olusegun Obasanjo Shuttle Diplomacy from 1999 to 2007

Sanusi ADULWASIU and Muddassir AHMAD GADO – April 2019 Page No.: 155-161

Diplomacy has been described as an established way of engagement between countries through representatives, it is a method of influencing the decision and behaviour of government through discussion, negotiation, dialogue and other measures of engagement that are free of war or violence. It also a conduct of international relationships within the range of issues between countries across the globe. One of such methods of diplomacy is shuttle diplomacy which entails travelling by an intermediary or representative to engage in a discussion, negotiations and dialogue with other parties for enhanced relations between them. Nigerian government during Olusegun Obasanjo era employed shuttle diplomacy to, among others, rebuild the country’s image and confidence in the eyes of international communities with the sole aim of attracting investment for economic growth and development. Despite daunting challenges faced by the government in this regard, the method yielded some desired results in the area of foreign direct investment, debt clearance for the country among other benefits. It is therefore recommended that the present Nigerian government should maintain the good image of the country in the eyes of the world and make the nation’s investment environment friendly for an overall economic growth and development.

Page(s): 155-161                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 25 April 2019

 Sanusi ADULWASIU
Department of Social Studies, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria

 Muddassir AHMAD GADO
Department of Sociology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

[1]. Adeniji, O, (2004) New Direction in Nigeria’s Foreign Policy; in Bolaji A. Akinterinwa, (ed) Nigeria’s New Foreign Policy Thrust: Essays in Honour of Ambassador Oluyemi Adeniji; Ibadan: Vantage Publishers.
[2]. Akinterinwa, B. A. (2004) Nigeria in Global Strategic Calculations: Image and Expectation;in Bolaji A. Akinterinwa,(ed) Nigeria’s New Foreign Policy Thrust: Essays in Honour of Ambassador Oluyemi Adeniji; Ibadan: Vantage Publishers.
[3]. Aremu, J. A. (1997). Foreign Private Investment: Issues, Determinants and Performance. A Paper presented at a workshop of foreign investment policy and practice, organized by the Nigeria Institute of Advance Legal Studies, Lagos, March.
[4]. Asobie, A. (2002). Nigeria: Economic Diplomacy and National Interest – An Analysis of the Policies of Nigeria’s External Economic Relation, In Ogwu J. and Adebayo O. (eds). The Economic Diplomacy of the Nigerian state Lagos, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs. Frankad Publisher.
[5]. Central Bank of Nigeria. (2000). The changing structure of the Nigerian economy and implications for development. Abuja: CBN.
[6]. David N. A. (2007). Attracting Foreign Direct Investment for Growth and Development in sub-Saharan Africa: Policy Options and Strategic Alternatives; Africa Development, Vol. XXXII, No. 2, 2007
[7]. Dunning, J. H. (1994). Re-evaluating the Benefit of Foreign Direct Investment, Transaction corporations, Vol. 3, February, no 1,23-51.
[8]. Ezeife, D. I. (2002). The frenzied search for foreign investors – A severely flawed policy. Culled from www.nigeriaworld.com; Friday, July 26, 2002. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences ISSN: 2278- 6236 Vol. 1 | No. 6 | December 2012 www.garph.co.uk IJARMSS | 16
[9]. Garuba D. (2008). Country profile: Nigeria and its Regional Context. Annex Foreign policy; CIDOB International Yearbook 2008
[10]. Putnam,R. (1993). Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. In Peter Evans, Harold Jacobson and Robert Putnam (Eds), Double-Edged Diplomacy: International Bargaining and Domestic Politics, Berkeley: University of California Press.
[11]. Rosenau, J. (1969). Linkage Politics: Essays on the Convergence of National and International Systems; New York: The Free Press.
[12]. Umah, K. E. (2007). The Impact of Foreign Private Investment On Economic Development of Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Economics and financial research. Vol.1, No.3
[13]. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2008). World Investment Report, New York and Geneva. www.unctad.org/wir or w.unctad.org/fdistatistics.
[14]. World Bank, (1996). World Debt Tables: External Finance for Developing Countries, Vol. 1 (Analysis and Summary Tables). Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
[15]. Zabadi, I. S. (2004). Nigeria’s New Multilateral Diplomacy. In Bolaji A. Akinterinwa,(ed) Nigeria’s New Foreign Policy Thrust: Essays in Honour of Ambassador Oluyemi Adeniji; Ibadan: Vantage Publishers.

Sanusi ADULWASIU and Muddassir AHMAD GADO “The Role of Diplomacy in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment for Development in Nigeria: A Study of Olusegun Obasanjo Shuttle Diplomacy from 1999 to 2007” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.155-161 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/155-161.pdf

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The Impact of Community Score Card Strategy in Improving Quality Health Services. The Case Study of Shamva District

Olivia Gumbo – April 2019 Page No.: 162-168

Zimbabwe health sector focusses more on treating diseases rather than preventing disease out breaks. There have been several diseases out breaks such as cholera, typhoid and other diarrheal related diseases. Zimbabweans face challenges to combat communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases, and HIV/AIDS. The country’s health sector decentralisation implementation is moving at a snail’s speed, triggering complaints of unsatisfactory service delivery at rural health centres. The study examined the impact of community score card in improving quality health services in Shamva District. The study sought to understand how community scorecard strategy was implemented in Shamva District, to empower the communities with health rights for them to be able to demand suitable health services. The study was guided by interpretive and critical post-modernist paradigms. Qualitative methodology utilised open-ended questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and participant observation data generation tools. The data generated were analysed using grounded theory. The key findings are that community scorecard improved health rights knowledge of communities in Shamva District, this led them to demand quality services from nurses. The study concluded that lack of continuous funding and sustainable plans had led to the reversal of positive results that the community score card programme had made. The major recommendation is that government provides adequate human, financial and physical resources for successful implementation of SAcc in Shamva District Health Sector.

Page(s): 162-168                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 25 April 2019

 Olivia Gumbo
Zimbabwe Open University, Zimbabwe

[1]. Ackerman, J.M. (2005). Human Rights and Social Accountability.Social Development Papers No.86.Washington. D.C.: The World Bank.
[2]. Chakaipa,S. (2001). The Zimbabwean experience. In D. Conyers, Paper presented at African Regional Conference on the challenge of Decentralisation and Local Government. Cape town: United Nations Capital Development Funds.
[3]. Community Working Group on Health (CWGH). (2016). Strengthening community participation in health programme report. Harare: CWGH.
[4]. Conyers, D. (2003). Decentralisation in Zimbabwe:A local perspective.[Adobe Digital Editions Version]. doi:10.1002/pad.265.
[5]. Development Peace Education. (2013). Community parliament Report. Maseru: DPE. Lesotho.
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[7]. Makumbe.J (1998). Development and Democracy in Zimbabwe: Constraints of Decentralization. Zimbabwe: Sapes Trust.
[8]. Marume, M. and Jubenkanda.R.(2016). Centralisation and Decentralisation.Journal of research in Humanities and Social Sciences,6(2016),106-110. ISSN: 2321-9467.
[9]. Maykat, P. & Morehouse, R. (1994). Beginning a Qualitative Research: A philosophic and Practical Guide.London: Falmer Press.
[10]. Ministry of Health and Child Care. (2017). Zimbabwe Health Financing Policy.
[11]. Molynuex, S., Mulupi, S., Mbabu, L.& Marsh, V. (2012). Benefits and payment for research participants:Experiences and views from a research centre on the Kenyan Coast.Kenya:BMC Medical Ethics Bio Med Central Ltd.
[12]. Save the Children. (2016). Quarter 11 report on strengthening community participation in health. UK: Save the Children International.
[13]. Schaaf, R.C., Dumont, R.L., Arbesman,M. & May-Benson,T.A. (2018). Efficacy of occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration.USA:US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health.
[14]. Shah,M. (2003). “Using Community Scorecards for Improving Transparency and Accountability in the Delivery of Public Health Services:Experience from Local Initiatives for Health (LIFH) Project”.CARE Malawi :CARE International in Malawi.
[15]. Training and Research Support Centre (TARSC). (2016). Supporting the role of the health centre committees. A training manual. Harare: TARSC.
[16]. WekweteK.H. (1990). Constraints to planning for socialism in Zimbabwe. Britain: Gower publishing Company Limited.
[17]. Winterford, K. (2009). Citizen Voice and Action Guidance Notes. London: World VisionUK.
[18]. Zimbabwe Constitution2013.Harare: Government Printers.

Olivia Gumbo “The Impact of Community Score Card Strategy in Improving Quality Health Services. The Case Study of Shamva District” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.162-168 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/162-168.pdf

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Education for Sustainable Development: Feminist Literary Texts Transforming African Societies

Dr Winnet Chindedza, Dr Admire Mhindu – April 2019 Page No.: 169-176

This study analyses the importance of studying feminist literature at university level.It was carried out with ten university students,six males and four females. The study analysed students’ views on the importance of studying feministliterary texts for sustainable development in Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular. Historically, the writing canon was a preserve for men. It was very difficult for women writers to publish their works. Their works were considered not suitable to be read by the public. However, some daring women authors had to publish their works using male pseudonyms. As a result, the twenty first century saw feminist writers emerging from different countries and the Sub-Saharan region has also produced its fair share of feminist writers. Since the emerging of these feminist writers in Africa, many academics have taken a keen interest in female writers’ works of art. Many scholars have critically analysed these works and invariably found that these authors deal with issues that can transform African societies in as far as the condition of women and girls in society is concerned.The readings of such books willsensitise young adults who are future policy makers, on the need to formulate policies that put women and men on an equal footing.The students revealed that women and girls should be educated in order to sustain the development of African countries.They also indicated that women have the same capability asmen; and as a result, they should be accorded equal opportunities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to find out what university young adults say about the themes that are explored by these feminist authors. The authors explore themes on women oppression, marriages as institutions to oppress women among many others.This paper is viewed through the liberal feminist theory, and therefore recommends that feminist books be studied in high schools and tertiary institutions in order for these young adults to transform traditional societies to modern societies that advocate for equality between men and women.

Page(s): 169-176                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 26 April 2019

 Dr Winnet Chindedza
Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe

 Dr Admire Mhindu
Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe

[1]. Bâ, M. (1980).Second Class Citizen. Glasgow: Fontana Collins.
[2]. Beauvoir, S. (1990). The Second Sex. London: Penguin Books.
[3]. Brickhill, P. (1996). Gender Stereotypes In Infant Primary Textbooks and The Potential Effect They Have on The Socialisation and Education Advancement of the Girl Child. An Analysis of Selected Primary Schools in Harare.Journal of Gender and Development, vol. 6(2), pp.44-57.
[4]. Chindedza, W. (2012).Radicalism in Feminist Literature: A Critique. New York: Lambert Academic.
[5]. Chirimuuta, C. (2006).Gender and the Zimbabwe Education Policy: Empowerment http://www.quietmountainessays.org/chirimuuta.(Accessed 12 May 2013).
[6]. Chitando, A. (2011).Narrating Gender and Danger in Selected Zimbabwe Women’s Writings on H.I.V AIDS.Unpublished PhD thesis. Pretoria: University of South Africa.
[7]. Egejuru, P.A. & Katrak, K. H. (1997).Womanbeing & African Literature. Asmara: Africa World Press Inc.
[8]. Emecheta, B. (1974). Second Class Citizen. London: William Collins Sons &Co. Ltd.
[9]. Hannam, J. (2011). Feminism. Malaysia: Pearson Educated Limited.
[10]. Kambarami,M.(2006).FeminityandCulture:PatriarchyandFemaleSurbodination.Unpublished thesis. University of Fort Hare.
[11]. Moyana, R. (2006). Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions: An Attempt in the Feminist Tradition. Harare: Zambesia.
[12]. Kwinjeh, G. (2007). Male Authority Disbanded: Understanding Opposition Politics in Zimbabwe. Journal of Alternatives for Democratic Zimbabwe, vol 5, pp 45-55.
[13]. Odhiambo, G. (2011).Women and Higher Education Leadership in Kenya: A Critical Analysis. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, vol. 33( 6),pp.114-150.
[14]. Snodgrass, M. E. (2014). Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature. North Carolina: Wonderland Books.
[15]. Tong, R. (2009).Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction. Abingdon: Westview Press.

Dr Winnet Chindedza, Dr Admire Mhindu “Education for Sustainable Development: Feminist Literary Texts Transforming African Societies” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.169-176 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/169-176.pdf

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Indian Private Companies and Zambia’s Economic Development, 1964-2015

Euston Kasongo Chiputa – April 2019 Page No.: 177-183

Most scholarly writings on the presence of business people of Indian origin in Zambia have tended to emphasise their role in commerce; retail and wholesale trading. However, since Zambia’s liberalisation of the economy and introduction of plural politics in 1991, there emerged a paradigm shift towards other economic sectors. Business people of Indian origingravitated towards manufacturing, farming, agro-processing, water exploration and drilling and, by 2015, construction and real estate development. Their contribution emerged as one of the major pillars of the post-1991 liberalised Zambian economy. Since then these firms were making steady but significant inroads into Zambia’s agricultural and emerging industrial sectors. There were private Indian business people and Zambians of Indian origin who invested in crop and livestock farming. There were also some companies that engaged in agricultural plant machinery and equipment merchandising and production of agro-chemicals. Zambia’s largest steel plant commissioned in 2010; with both direct and indirect linkages to agriculture is owned by one of Zambia’s largest manufacturing companies, Trade Kings. Zambians of Indian ancestry have a significant shareholding in Trade Kings. The only Coal powered electricity generation plant (300 megawatts) situated in southern Zambia, commissioned in 2016 was developed by an Indian-owned company. In the last decade, most private companies involved in underground water exploration and drilling for irrigation and for domestic consumption are of Indian origin. Up to 2015 the Zambian economy witnessed increased investments in the construction industry and real estate development by investors of Indian origin or Zambians of Indian descent. This study attempts to investigate the emergence, growth and contribution ofIndian private companies to Zambia’s economic development from 1964 to 2015.

Page(s): 177-183                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 26 April 2019

 Euston Kasongo Chiputa
Department of Historical and Archaeological Studies, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

[1]. Biswas Aparajita and Dubey Ajay, (April 2014), Report on ‘Indian Private Agro-Investments in Zambia, A Case Study’, New Delhi: Oxfam India.
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[3]. Chiputa Euston K, (2006), ‘Development Planning in Zambia and India: A Comparative Study from Independence to 1991’, PhD Thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.
[4]. Gann Lewis H., (1958), The Birth of a Plural Society: The Development of Northern Rhodesia under the British South Africa Company, 1894-1914, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
[5]. Hill Mathew, ‘MTN Zambia trumps Airtel in Subscribers’, Bloomberg, 21 May 2014, Accessed on 10 July, 2017.
[6]. https://investingnews.com, ‘Taurian Manganese Invests in New Plant’, 7 February, 2012, Accessed Sunday, 8 October, 2017; Times of Zambia, February, 2012.
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[8]. https://www.lusakatimes.com, Accessed 13 May, 2013.
[9]. https://www.sarozambia.com, ‘The Saro Group’, Accessed Sunday, 8October, 2017.
[10]. Interview with Sheni Ahmed, Chipata, Zambia, 12 December, 2010.
[11]. Leahy Joe, ‘Bharti seals deal for Zain Networks’, https://ft.com, Financial Times, 30 March, 2010, Accessed 8 October, 2017.
[12]. Mfula Chris/Reuters,’ Taurian plans $150 mn manganese plant in Zambia’, http://www.livemint.com/Companies/1RIW5slgteclxE4EDCI1cJ/Taurian-plans-150-mn-manganese-plant-in-Zambia.html, Accessed 8 October, 2017.
[13]. Mufuzi, F. ‘Indian Traders as Agents of Western Technological Consumption and Social Change Memoirs in Mukuni: Memories of the Sharma Brothers’ Trading Store, 1950s to1964’, in Ross Robert, Hinfelaar Marja, Peša Iva, (eds.), (2013), The Objects of Life in Central Africa: The History of Consumption and Social Change, 1840-1980, (Leiden: Brill, NV, pp.189-214.
[14]. Nagaraj G., (Nov. 18-24, 2006), ‘Indian Investments Abroad: What Explains the Boom?’ Economic and Political Weekly, vol.41, No.46, pp.4716-4718.
[15]. Nyondo Linda, (26 December, 2016), ‘Itezhi-Tezhi Ready to Roll OutPower’, Zambia Daily Mail,.
[16]. Pathak Vidhan, (April-June, 2007), ‘India’s Francophone Africa Policy: Leniency to Partnership’, The Indian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 68, No. 2, p.293.
[17]. Phiri BJ, (2000), A History of Indians in Eastern Province of Zambia, Lusaka: BJ Phiri.
[18]. Phiri BJ, (2001), ‘Zambians of Indian origin: a history of their struggle for survival in a new homeland’, Occasional paper, Centre for Advanced African Society, 12 Issues.
[19]. Press Trust of India, ‘Vedanta Buys Zambian Copper Mine’, https://m..rediff.com, Accessed 9 November, 2004.
[20]. PrizzonAnnalisa, ‘The age of choice: Zambia in the new aid landscape’, Research Report, OverseasDevelopment Institute, (March 2013), p.v.
[21]. Ramamurthy TG, (1997), ‘Foundations of India’s Africa Policy’, Africa Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 1 and 2, p.30.
[22]. Republic of Zambia, Office of the President, (January 1989)Fourth National Development Plan, 1989- 1993, Vols.1 and 2, Lusaka: NCDP.
[23]. Republic of Zambia, The Balance of Payments Statistical Committee, ‘Foreign Private Investments and Investor Perceptions in Zambia, 2015’, Lusaka, 2015.
[24]. Taraporevala Persis and Mullen Rani D, ‘Courting Africa through Economic Diplomacy’, India Africa Brief, August 30, 2013, Updated on May 2, 2014, p.2.
[25]. Zulu Helen, ‘Indian Firms Create 25,000 Local Jobs’, Times of Zambia, 14th April, 2014.

Euston Kasongo Chiputa “Indian Private Companies and Zambia’s Economic Development, 1964-2015” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.177-183 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/177-183.pdf

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Socio-Economic Factors of Female’s Rural to Urban Migration: Two Time Period Analysis in Pakistan

Farah Naz Ata, Qurra-tul-ain Ali Sheikh, Prof. Dr. Mahpara Begum Sadaqat – April 2019 Page No.: 184-191

Migration for better standards of life and opportunities has been centuries old phenomenon. Migration around the world has been taking place internationally as well as domestically. Worldwide, majority of people are reported to be internal migrants and the trend of urbanization has become an increasing these days, especially in developing countries. Presently, about 37 percent population of Pakistan is living in the urban centers while by 2025, it is expected that more than half of the population will settle in the urban areas. Aside from this, another important aspect of rural to urban migration exists which has been increasingly known as the “feminization” of migration. This study aims at estimating the gender aspect of internal migration through various socio-economic factors of migration such as age, age square, marital status, level of education, vocational training and status in the family. A probit regression model is used, by extracting the data from the Labor Force Survey (2010-11 and 2017-18). The findings showed that mostly females prefer to migrate due to non-economic factors (marriages, health care services, being associates of migration etc.) while males migrate for both economic (job arrangements, educational opportunities, business) and non-economic factors. Level of education and vocational training appeared as important factors to empower females and give them the independence to migrate; additionally, when females are charged as head of household, they are most likely to migrate than when males are heads of the household. However, the statistics (2017-18) also proved that males have been seen to be migrating more for marriage which is a better trend towards cultural change in the prevailing orthodoxy society of Pakistan. For further policy implications, it is suggested that more focus be given towards improving standard of education and vocational facilities for females, especially in the rural areas.

Page(s): 184-191                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 28 April 2019

 Farah Naz Ata
M. Phil candidate, Applied Economics Research Centre (AERC), University of Karachi, Pakistan

 Qurra-tul-ain Ali Sheikh
Ph. D candidate, Applied Economics Research Centre (AERC), University of Karachi, Pakistan
Asst. Prof. (Economics Department), Govt. Girls Degree College, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan

 Prof. Dr. Mahpara Begum Sadaqat
Professor, Department of Business Administration, Iqra University, North Campus, Karachi, Pakistan

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Farah Naz Ata, Qurra-tul-ain Ali Sheikh, Prof. Dr. Mahpara Begum Sadaqat “Socio-Economic Factors of Female’s Rural to Urban Migration: Two Time Period Analysis in Pakistan” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.184-191 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/184-191.pdf

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The Role of Civil Servants Investigators of Department of Environmental of East Java In Conducting Environmental Law Enforcement Under Criminal Law Number 32 of 2009 Concerning The Protection and Environmental Management

Hanum Hapsari, Hartiwiningsih, Widodo Tresno Novianto – April 2019 Page No.: 192-198

This study aims to determine the role of civil servants investigator in the enforcement of environmental criminal law. Legal research is included in empirical legal research is descriptive with qualitative approach. Types and sources of data used in the writing of this legal research is primary data and secondary data, through field studies and literature, and analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques including data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and civil servant investigators verifikasi. That in carrying out the duties and authority in accordance regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment has not been optimal.

Page(s): 192-198                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 28 April 2019

 Hanum Hapsari
Master Program of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia

 Hartiwiningsih
Lecturer Master Program of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

 Widodo Tresno Novianto
Lecturer Master Program of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

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[21]. The Code of Criminal Procedure

Hanum Hapsari, Hartiwiningsih, Widodo Tresno Novianto “The Role of Civil Servants Investigators of Department of Environmental of East Java In Conducting Environmental Law Enforcement Under Criminal Law Number 32 of 2009 Concerning The Protection and Environmental Management” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.192-198 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/192-198.pdf

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The Effect of Entrepreneurship between the Internal Environment and Organizational Performance of Public Tertiary Institution in Nigeria: A Conceptual Paper

Alhaji Adamu Saidu, Sadiq Abubakar Ilelah, Saidu Ali – April 2019 Page No.: 199-202

The internal environment of the public sector was observed among the factors that affect the performance of the public sector organization, studies have shown conflicting results regarding the effect of internal environment on organizational performance. This study has observed entrepreneurship between the internal environment and organizational performance. The objective is to provide additional explanations on the relationship between the internal environment and entrepreneurship on organizational performance and to examine the effect of entrepreneurship between the internal environment and organizational performance. The study was in line with a review of extant research and have conceptualized that entrepreneurship has a mediating effect between internal environment and organizational performance and the internal environment has an impact on organizational performance. In addition, it was found that entrepreneurship plays a significant role in organizational performance.

Page(s): 199-202                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 28 April 2019

 Alhaji Adamu Saidu
Department of Public Administration, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi State, Nigeria

 Sadiq Abubakar Ilelah
Department of Public Administration, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi State, Nigeria

 Saidu Ali
Department of Public Administration, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi State, Nigeria

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Alhaji Adamu Saidu, Sadiq Abubakar Ilelah, Saidu Ali “The Effect of Entrepreneurship between the Internal Environment and Organizational Performance of Public Tertiary Institution in Nigeria: A Conceptual Paper” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.199-202 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/199-202.pdf

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Types of Hives Used By Bee Keepers in Marigat Baringo County- Kenya

Chemwok C. K, Tuitoek D. K and Nganai S. K. – April 2019 Page No.: 203-210

Beekeeping is one of the more universal agricultural activities. The study sought to identify the main types of beehives used by bee keepers in Marigat, Baringo County. The main types of hives are Traditional log hive, improved log hive, Kenya Top Bar hive and Langstroth hives. Majority of the farmers use traditional log hives. This may be caused by the fact that traditional log hives provide cool temperatures for the bees that normally prevail in the study area. The modern hives requires additional cost for construction of grass-thatched shelter to avoid high temperatures that make the bees avoid the modern hives being promoted as new technology.

Page(s): 203-210                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 29 April 2019

 Chemwok C. K
University of Eldoret, Kenya

 Tuitoek D. K
Moi University, Kenya

 Nganai S. K.
Moi University, Kenya

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Chemwok C. K, Tuitoek D. K and Nganai S. K. “Types of Hives Used By Bee Keepers in Marigat Baringo County- Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.203-210 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/203-210.pdf

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Local Government Administration and Service Delivery in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges

Ola Abegunde Ph.D – April 2019 Page No.: 211-217

Effective local government administration plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient provision of public goods to vast rural dwellers. In Nigeria huge percent of the population lives in the rural areas, where it is the constitutional responsibility of the local government to provide basic social and public services. The non-performance of the 774 local governments in Nigeria has continued to generate concerns and attract reactions in the recent time. This study examines the challenges confronting local government administration in effective service delivery at the grassroots level. The study relies on secondary sources of data collection and personal observations. Data was collected through a comprehensive review of relevant literature on local government administration; descriptive qualitative technique of data analysis was adopted. The study identified lack of autonomy, mismanagement of available funds, corruption, lack of transparency and accountability and lack of competent man power among others as the challenges to effective service delivery by the local government administration in Nigeria. In view of this, the study provides some measures that could ensure effective service delivery at the local government level. Such measures include, constitution review to ensure the autonomy of local government, improve human capacity and institutional building, viable sources of revenue and leadership recruitment process that is merit driven, that will produce leaders of unquestionable character and integrity that will improve service delivery at the local government level. Local government leadership must be elected by the rural dwellers and not imposed by the higher authority. This study concludes that, if the above measures are not adopted, there will be improvement in local government service delivery among the rural dwellers in Nigeria.

Page(s): 211-217                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 29 April 2019

 Ola Abegunde Ph.D
Department of Political Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

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Ola Abegunde Ph.D “Local Government Administration and Service Delivery in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.211-217 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/211-217.pdf

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Arousing and Sustaining Interest in the Study of TVET

Ruby Jecty, Dennis Annan – April 2019 Page No.: 218-228

The Ghana Government’s initiative of formulating a free and double track senior high school education policy, which saw its maiden admissions made in 2017, with about 80% of JHS graduates accessing it, covered only the mainstream senior high schools at the unfathomable neglect of the TVET as if to say it has no prospects for its graduates. The prospective results of this policy therefore can be emphatically asserted to produce a bookish education system with little or no prospects of guaranteeing 50%of its graduates ready entry either to the tertiary institutions or the job market. On the other hand, considering sewing, a notable branch of TVET for example, Wallani (2000) says there are numerous importance that sewing offers to the individual, society and nation at large which include
It serves as a source of income: The acquisition of skills and knowledge in sewing can serve as a source of income. These basic skills acquired will give pupils the ability to construct garment and make articles like tablecloth, hat, handkerchief, etc. made by crocheting which they will sell to generate some money. The generated income by the pupils will help them finance their education or support the family when the need arises.
It serves as a leisure and hobby: Pupils acquiring skills and knowledge in sewing will make pupils busy during their leisure time as well as their hobby. As the popular saying goes “an idle man is the workshop of the devil”. Pupils can engage themselves with construction of garments, articles made by crocheting and paper pattern during their leisure time. It also increases the interest in sewing and further pursue the course at higher educational level.
Pupils can be an alterationist: Pupils with the ability to use the sewing machine and the hand needle can be alterationists. They will be able to renovate and remodel garment. Remodelling of a garment takes pupils with creative and mind and skills through skills and knowledge acquired from sewing. Pupils with skills and knowledge in sewing can be renovating and remodelling relatives garments or people in the community, which will generate them income and raise their standard of living. These and many other benefits of TVET may have been so great of a concern to the stakeholders involved in the formulation of the new 4 year B.Ed curriculum for initial teacher education institutions in Ghana that the discipline has attracted a specialism with specific colleges assigned to (PDS Handbook for Tutors Theme 9 pg 6)
There should, hence, be a need to place emphasis on vocational and technical training for learners in all basic schools in Ghana so that learners with creative minds can with the basic skills acquired, start making artefacts or products to be sold especially during the waiting time for either an entry into a tertiary institution or the job market to help in their personal advancement in pursuit of higher educational level. The inclusion of Basic Design and Technology in the Junior High School curriculum, if intended to provide the pupils with basic skills in Design and Technology should be given precedence as a practical examinable subject.
Apart from its potency of being pursued at higher levels of the educational ladder, it can also be recognized that the advancement of the country can only be accelerated if a large number of persons are trained in Design and Technology. It is expected that if the subject is taken seriously in schools, a new breed of pupils with Basic Design and Technology skills will be developed as the human resource for the growth of the individual and at large the country.
Disinterest in garment construction is a major problem facing many pupils in most basic schools in Ghana because many teachers and parents have associated mastery in this technique with learners who are academically weak. In this case little or no attention is given to the study of this subject. However if the pattern cutting methods taught in Ghanaian schools including draping, drafting, copying and direct cutting on fabric called freehand cutting are given some push, the menace of learners staying home after their secondary education for more than three years because of ‘the no money syndrome’ would be curtailed as their ability to measure accurately and cut patterns for garment construction will reduce the dependency on the little income parents generate from their professions and occupation.
In a survey taken in AssinAmponsie JHS in the Assin North Municipality in the Central Region, it was observed that Learners’ showed disinterest in measuring and cutting of patterns. This made the researcher embark on this study to identify the causes of their disinterest in garment construction and to systematically take them through the techniques of garment construction
This article catalogues the outline of contemporary basic fashion design expectations for pupils in our basic schools to select appropriate tools and materials to learn the processes of design techniques such as drawing, freehand sketching and colour work to make a product or artefact that satisfies a need. It examines to what extent measurement and cutting fabrics can be used in training pre-tertiary learners to develop creativity and practicality which are vital to promoting individual effectiveness.

Page(s): 218-228                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 29 April 2019

 Ruby Jecty
Foso College Of Education, Ghana

 Dennis Annan
Foso College Of Education, Ghana

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Ruby Jecty, Dennis Annan “Arousing and Sustaining Interest in the Study of TVET” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.218-228 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/218-228.pdf

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Analysis of Socio-Economic Problems Affecting Women in Agriculture: A Case Study of Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan

Abdul Jaleel Mirjat, Bahadur Ali Soomro, Shahnawaz Mangi – April 2019 Page No.: 229-232

In the present era, agrarian women are confronting with big socio-economic problems. Particularly, in the field of agriculture, women have severe issues concerning socio-economic conditions. Taking into consideration, the present study is attempted to investigate the socio-economic problems which are faced by the women in the agriculture sector in Ghotki District of Sindh, Pakistan. We employed a survey questionnaire to get the responses from the agrarian women randomly. In total 225 valid cases have proceeded for the final analysis. By applying the contingency table method, the study found the agricultural women are facing the big socio-economic problems such as bad behaviour of the landowner, the problem of getting wages in time, and the problem of harsh conditions of the weather. They revealed that the hardship of work becomes responsible for their illness and health problems. Males are earning more money than females despite the same work. Finally, the women also underlined that they are not independent of consuming the amount which they obtained from agriculture in the shape of wages. The study may be valuable to know the challenges and problems that are frequently faced by the agrarian women of the rural areas of Ghotki or Sindh. The investigation may enrich and further validates the issues that have raised by the present study.

Page(s): 229-232                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 29 April 2019

 Abdul Jaleel Mirjat
PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

 Bahadur Ali Soomro
Visiting Faculty and Research Fellow, Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

 Shahnawaz Mangi
PhD Research Scholar, Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Paksitan

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Abdul Jaleel Mirjat, Bahadur Ali Soomro, Shahnawaz Mangi “Analysis of Socio-Economic Problems Affecting Women in Agriculture: A Case Study of Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.229-232 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/229-232.pdf

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A Systematic Functional Linguistic Approach towards Mood Structure Analysis of Soliloquy

Subhanan Mandal – April 2019 Page No.: 233-236

The Shakespearean dramatic texts exhibit the shades of power and ideology in the Elizabethan era through the representation of characters from various sections of the society. The class sensitive English society were much aware of their addressee’s attachment to a specific social class which motivated not only their choice of lexemes but also the manner of arrangement of the same linearly in their conversations. However, there are situations when the participants in a conversational exchange do not linguistically react the way their mind wants to. This results in a disparity between thought and action. Soliloquies take deep into the minds of the interlocutors and brings out the actual thought process of individuals which may not always be reflective in conversational activities. This study aims to understand the nature of thought process, particularly through categorization of mood structures, understanding the soliloquial discourse and the manner of self expression.

Page(s): 233-236                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 29 April 2019

 Subhanan Mandal
Phd Research Scholar, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Mysore.
JRP, Central Institute of Indian Languages.

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Subhanan Mandal “A Systematic Functional Linguistic Approach towards Mood Structure Analysis of Soliloquy” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.233-236 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/233-236.pdf

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Indigenous Aesthetic Qualities Inherent in the Dagomba Bim’maŋli (Smock) in Northern Region of Ghana

Mumuni Zakaria Fusheini., Dr. Joe Adu-Agyem, Asante Eric Appau – April 2019 Page No.: 237-248

The Dagomba, who remains the biggest ethnic society noted for the use of the Bim’maŋli as their traditional wear, have also exhibited lack of knowledge on the indigenous aesthetics. The aim of this article is to identify the indigenous aesthetic qualities inherent in the Bim’maŋa among the Dagomba in Northern Region of Ghana. It also sought to examine how the indigenous aesthetic qualities characterize the various types of Bim’maŋa among the Dagomba ethnic society. This will go a long way to provide sanity in the Dagomba Bim’maŋli art and culture thereby helping to promote the cultural heritage of Ghana’s indigenous dresses as a whole. A population of Bim’maŋli weavers, sewers and traditional folk historians from five Bim’maŋli production communities among the Dagomba were used. Data was taken from a sample of 60 respondents comprising weavers, sewers and traditional folk historians. Through face to face interview and observations, the study gathered, simplified, scrutinized, edited, discussed and analyzed the data with the aid of narratives, descriptions, tables and figures. The study found out that the indigenous aesthetic qualities of any type of Bim’maŋli makes it useful or functional in the context of the Dagomba culture. Also, Bim’maŋli meant for prominent people such as chiefs and other traditional rulers have unique indigenous aesthetic qualities which differentiate them from the commoners’ Bim’maŋli. Conclusions drawn from the findings indicated that to purchase and wear a Bim’maŋli, it becomes necessary to consider the indigenous aesthetic qualities of the Bim’maŋli. This will help the users to choose Bim’maŋa that match their personalities as well as adding beauty to the wearer’s physical qualities.

Page(s): 237-248                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 April 2019

 Mumuni Zakaria Fusheini
Tutor, Head of Department, Department of Vocational Skills, E.P College of Education-Bimbilla, N/R, Ghana.

 Dr. Joe Adu-Agyem
Senior Lecturer, Former HOD, Department of Educational Innovations for Science and Technology, Faculty of Art and Built Environment, KNUST, Ghana

 Asante Eric Appau
Senior Lecturer, Department of Educational Innovations in Science and Technology, Faculty of Art and Built Environment, KNUST, Ghana

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[4]. Acquah, S., Amissah, E.R.K., Yankson, G. (2017). Dress aesthetics of Bim’maŋli in northern Ghana: Form, function, and context. Textile Eng Fashion Techno, 1(2), 2-11, 00013,DOI:10.15406/jteft.2017.01.00013
[5]. Awedoba, A K 2006, The People of northern Ghana, Ghana Governemnt Publication Service, Accra.
[6]. Kingraftheradiant 2013, History of the people of Tamale (The Dagbong Tribe), viewed 21 April 2016, <radiantghanaguide.wordpress.com/2013/04/11/history-of-the-people-of-tamale-the-dagomba-tribe>.
[7]. St. James, M. (2010).About the dagomba Wiki, viewed 7 February, 2017, <https://wikis.uit.tufts.edu/confluence/display/DagombaDanceDrumming/About+the+Dagomba [8]. Danso, D.K. (2014). Textiles of Ghana: A philosophical enquiry based on a conceptual view of aesthetics (Unpublished Doctoral thesis).Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. [9]. Abugri, G. S (2016, April 19). The fugu Dr. Nkrumah gave the world. Daily Graphics Retrieved from http://www.sydneyabugri.com/Web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=218:the fugu-dr-nkrumah-gave-the-world&catid=39:other-resources&Itemid=152 [10]. Chanda, J. (1991). African arts and culture. Worcester, Massachusetts: Davis Publication, Inc. [11]. News Ghana (2016, March 4). The priceless traditional attire, batakari’, NewsGhana.Retrieved from http://www.newsghana.com.gh/the-priceless-traditional-attire-batakari. [12]. Shorn, B. &Malokwane, J. (n.d). The african aesthetics as it informs the product form. Gaborone, Bostwana : University of Bostwana. [13]. Ulzen-Appiah, E.V (2005). A review of symbolism in indigenous West African textiles. Journal of Science and Technology,25 (1), 108-124. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/just/article/view/32937/6341 [14]. Adu-Agyem, J. (1990). Aesthetics, appreciation and criticism (Unpublished master’s thesis).Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. [15]. Essel, O.Q &Amissah, E.R (20150. Smockfashion culture in Ghana’s dress identity-making. Historical Research Letter, 18, no. 2225-096, pp. 32-39. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319417874_Smock_Fashion_Culture_in_Ghana’s_Dress_Identity-Making/download [16]. Dramedo, B.E, Ahiabor, R. &Gbadegbe, R (2013). The relevance and symbolism of clothe within traditional institutions and its modern impacts on the Ghanaian culture. Arts and Design Studies, 13, 1-14. Retrieved from https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ADS/article/viewFile/8079/8173 [17]. Salm, S. J., &Falola, T. (2002). Culture and customs of Ghana. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. [18]. Asare I.T. (2012). Critical success factors for the revival of the textile sector in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(2), 307-310. Retrieved from http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_2_Special_Issue_January_2012/32.pdf>
[19]. Abdul-Rahim, A, Abdul-Wadudu, M. A &Alhassan, Y.A (2016). Indigenous industries in the face of growing competition in textile markets: A study of Smock/Fugu industry in Tamale metropolis, Northern Ghana. International Journal of Development Research,6(2), 6826-6833. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313903858_The_BIM’MAŊLI_Exploring_an_Indigenous_Industry_in_Tamale_Metropolis_of_Northern_Ghana
[20]. Jasmine, A. (2016, August 22). Fugu-the Tradition goes on. Graphic Ghana.Retrieved fromhttp://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/11044-fugu-the-tradition-goes-on.html
[21]. Adikorley, D.R. (2013).The textile industry in Ghana: A look into tertiary textile education and its relevance to the industry (Master’s thesis). Ohio University, Ohio, USA.
[22]. Dzramedo, B.E. (2009). Clothing and fashion in Ghanaian Culture: A Case Study among the Akans’, PhD thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved
from<http://ir.knust.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/292/1/Clothing%20and%20Fashion%20in%20Ghanaian%20Culture.pdf>.
[23]. Akinbeleji, T.Y. (2014). Symbolic values of clothing and textiles art in traditional and contemporary Africa. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 3(4), 626-641. Retrieved from https://isdsnet.com/ijds-v3n4-3.pdf
[24]. Disele, P.L.P., Tyler, D. and Power, Jess (2011) Conserving and sustaining culture through traditional dress. Journal of Social Development in Africa, 26(1). ISSN 1012­1080. Retrieved from
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Mumuni Zakaria Fusheini., Dr. Joe Adu-Agyem, Asante Eric Appau “Indigenous Aesthetic Qualities Inherent in the Dagomba Bim’maŋli (Smock) in Northern Region of Ghana” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.237-248 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/237-248.pdf

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An Examination of Available Sources of Finance and Constraints to SMES in the Wenchi Municipal of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana

AMPOSAH, Boateng Alfred – April 2019 Page No.: 249-258

This study was conducted to examine the sources and constraints to SMEs financing in the Wenchi Municipal of the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana. The main objective of the study was to provide an examination of the sources from which SMEs received finance for their operations, the constraints associated with obtaining finances from the available sources and the implication for the growth and development of SMEs in the Wenchi municipality. In order to achieve these objectives data were collected from questionnaire administered to 170 randomly selected SMEs owners and 13 conveniently selected financial Institutions. Analysis of the data revealed that there are available internal and external sources of finances that SMEs in the Wenchi Municipal are able to obtain finances from. The common internal sources include personal savings, sales of assets, retained earnings and equity investment. External sources of finances SMEs are able to access also include loans from financial institutions, governmental agencies, friends and relatives as well as trade credit.Conditions that militate against access to finance noted from the findings includedcollaterals, interest rates, size of credits, maturity time or duration before repayment, general economic conditions, firm-specific situations and bad attitude of lenders towards SMEs. Characteristics such as sex of the SMEs owners, education, sector of SME, length of existence were not found to be significant determinant of access to finance. The study therefore recommend that financial institution should undertake financial management education for SMEs to help them improve their financial management, SME should improve their business management and accounting skills by employing qualified professionals, government should also strengthen its agencies and parastatal that support SMEs financially.

Page(s): 249-258                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 April 2019

 AMPOSAH, Boateng Alfred
Bachelor of Business Administration, Methodist University College, Wenchi Campus, Ghana

[1]. Abor, J. and N. Biekpe, (2006). “SMEs’ Access to Debt Finance: A Comparison of Male- Owned and Female-Owned Businesses in Ghana”, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 7(2), pp. 105-112.
[2]. Abor, J., &Quartey, P. (2010). Issues in SME development in Ghana and South Africa. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics,39(6), 215-228.
[3]. Acs, Z., R. Morck, and B. Young, 1999. “Productivity Growth and Size Distribution”, in Acs, Z., Carlsson, B. and Karlsson, C. (eds.), Entrepreneurship, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and the Macroeconomy, Cambridge University Press.
[4]. Anheier, H. K. and H. D. Seibel, (1987). “Small Scale Industries and Economic Development in Ghana”, Business Behaviour and Strategies in Informal Sector Economies, VerlagBreitenbech, Saarbruckh, Germany.
[5]. Bolton, J.E. (1971) Report of the Committee of Enquiry into Small Firms. Cmnd 4811, HMSO, London.
[6]. Cook, P., &Nixson, F. (2000). Finance and small and medium-sized enterprise development. Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester.
[7]. Fischer, E., &Reuber, R. (2000). Industrial clusters and SME promotion in developing countries (No. 3). Commonwealth Secretariat.
[8]. Kayanula, D. and P. Quartey, 2000. “The Policy Environment for Promoting Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Ghana and Malawi”, Finance and Development Research Programme, Working Paper Series, Paper No 15, IDPM, University of Manchester.
[9]. Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. New York: 3ohn Wiley & Sons.
[10]. Lee, B. C., & Tan, W. L. (2002). 14 Small and Medium Enterprises in Singapore and the New Economy. The role of SMEs in national economies in East Asia, 2, 374.
[11]. Liedholm, C. and D. Mead, (1987). “Small Scale Industries in Developing Countries: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications”, International Development Paper No.9, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
[12]. Little, D. A.; Anderson, F. M.; Durkin, J. W., 1987. A note on the effect of supplementation with noug cake (Guizotiaabyssinica) on the milk production of crossbred cows. Proceedings of a workshop held at Ryall’s Hotel, Blantyre, Malawi, September 1986 Ed. Little, D. A. and Said, N. A.
[13]. Mensah, S. (2004). A review of SME financing schemes in Ghana. InUNIDO regional workshop of financing small and medium scale enterprises, Accra, Ghana (pp. 15-16).
[14]. Muritala, T. A. (2012). An empirical analysis of capital structure on firms’ performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 1(5), 116-124.
[15]. Puopiel F. (2014). Prospects and Challenges of Electronic Banking in Ghana: The Case of Zenith Bank, Sunyani.Ijamee.info March-April 2014 | Vol.1| Issue 1|06-14
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[17]. Sulemana, I. (2014). Factors Influencing the Performance of Small Scale Entrepreneurs in the Garment Industry of the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana (Doctoral dissertation, University of Ghana).
[18]. Tonge, J. (2001). A review of small business literature part 1: defining the small business.
[19]. Weiner, B., Amick, H., & Lee, S. Y. (2008). Conceptualization and measurement of organizational readiness for change: a review of the literature in health services research and other fields. Medical Care Research and Review.
[20]. Weston, J. F. and Copeland, T. E., 1998. “Managerial Finance”, CBS College Publishing, New York.

AMPOSAH, Boateng Alfred “An Examination of Available Sources of Finance and Constraints to SMES in the Wenchi Municipal of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.249-258 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/249-258.pdf

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The Role of Libraries in Transparency and Combating Corruption in Nigeria

Ukubeyinje, Sandra Ejiro, Eda Rita – April 2019 Page No.: 259-264

Corruption is an all-pervasive phenomenon, whether as powerful business and political elites, or the petty corruption that acts as a kind of extra tax on the poor. Transparency in various forms offers potential for the combating of corruption through access to knowledge of regulations and laws, as well as revelations of wrong doing. This work will look at the Relevant aspects of transparency which include: open government and public scrutiny of official business; freedom of information laws; protection of public interest, disclosure (whistle blowing; enforcement of good practice in financial accounting and audit; protection of investigative journalism; and civil society campaigning. The implications for archives and records management (the sources of information on transactions that may include corrupt dealing) is obvious; the role of libraries in transparency and combating corruption will also been look at. This paper recommends few ways of how to combat corruption in Nigeria and in our society in general.

Page(s): 259-264                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 April 2019

 Ukubeyinje, Sandra Ejiro
Library Department, College of Education, P.M.B 1251 Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

 Eda Rita
Library Department, College of Education, P.M.B 1251 Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

[1]. Baston, L. (2000) Sleaze: the state of Britain. London: Channel 4.
[2]. Bayley, D.H. (1966) The effects of corruption in a developing nation. Western Political Quarterly 19(4) pp.719-732.
[3]. Burkeman, O. & Norton-Taylor, R. (2004) The spy who couldn’t keep secret. Guardian [London] 26th February, G2 pp.2-3.
[4]. Calland, R. & Dehn, G. (2004) eds. Whistle blowing around the world: law, culture and practice. Cape Town: Open Democracy Advice Centred.
[5]. Campaign (1996) for Freedom of Information. Open and shut case: access to information in Sweden and the EU. Available at http://www.cfoi.org.uk/sweden1.html [Accessed 5.8.04].
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[7]. Daruwala, M. (2003) ed. Open sesame: looking for the right to information in the Commonwealth. New Delhi: Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative.
[8]. Doig, A. (2003) Political corruption in the United Kingdom. In: Bull, M.J. and Newell, J.L. eds. Corruption in contemporary politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.961-966.
[9]. Garai, A & Shadrach, B. (2006) Taking ICT to every Indian village: opportunities and challenges. New Delhi: OneWorld South Asia.
[10]. IFLA (2008) Manifesto on Transparency, Good Governance and Freedom from Corruption. http://www.ifla.org/publications/ifla-manifesto-ontransparency-good-governance-and-freedom-from-corruption (visited 22.12.11).
[11]. Johnston, M. (1997) What can be done about entrenched corruption? In. Pleskovic, B. ed. Annual Word Bank Conference on development Economics, 1997. Washington: World Bank. pp.69-90.
[12]. Johnson, C. (2004) Board approves accounting rules: auditors will be obliged to preserve backup documents. Washington Post 10th June, p.E02. Accessible at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A29563-2004Jun9.html. [Accessed 15.4.2004].
[13]. Kumar, A. (2002) E-government and efficiency, accountability and transparency. Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, available at http://www.ejisdc.org.
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[15]. Leys, C. (1965) What is this problem about corruption? Journal of Modern African Studies 3(2) pp.215-224.
[16]. Marie Chêne, (2016). Literature review: The use of ICTs in the fight against corruption. Transparency International, mchene@transparency.org Date: 10 November 2016 Number: 6
[17]. McKemmish, S. & Acland, G. (1999) Archivists at risk: accountability and the role of the professional society. Available at http://www.archivists.org.au/events/conf99/mckemmish_acland.html [Accessed 15.6.04].
[18]. Mendel, T. (2003) Freedom of information: a comparative legal survey. New Delhi: UNESCO Regional Bureau for communication and Information.
[19]. Mohamed Sami Ben Ali and Seifallah Sassi (2017). The Role of ICT Adoption in Curbing Corruption in Developing Countries. from book Catalyzing Development through ICT Adoption (pp.37-50). June 2017 with 576 Reads DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56523-1_4
[20]. North, D.C. and Weingast, B.R. (1989) Constitutions and commitment: the evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth century England. Journal of Economic History 49(4) pp.803-832.
[21]. Oliver, R.W. (2004) What is Transparency? New York: McGraw-Hill. Sharma, G. and Sturges, P. (2007) ‘Using ICT to help the poor access public services: an action research programme’. Information Development, 23(1), pp. 15–23.
[22]. Pope, J. (2000) Confronting corruption: the elements of a national integrity system. Transparency International Source book 2000. http://www.transparency.org/sourcebook/index.html [Accessed 17.6.2004]
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[26]. Sturges, P. (2000) ‘The Council of Europe, freedom of expression and public access to networked information’. IFLA Journal, 26(4), pp. 280–283.
[27]. Sturges, P. (2001) ‘The library and freedom of information: agent or icon?’ Alexandria, 13(1), pp. 3–16.
[28]. Sturges Paul (2007) Corruption, Transparency and a role for libraries In: Belan-Simic, A. and Sapro-Ficovic, M. eds. Library Professional Ethics and Civil Society Ethical Norms. Zagreb: Croatian Library Association, pp.182- 192.
[29]. Sturges, P. (2009) ‘Stimulating IFLA’s ethical conscience: FAIFE 2003– 2009’. IFLA Journal, 35(2), pp. 117–122.
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[33]. World Bank. (2016). World Development report http://www.worldbank. org/en/publication/wdr2016

Ukubeyinje, Sandra Ejiro, Eda Rita “The Role of Libraries in Transparency and Combating Corruption in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.259-264 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/259-264.pdf

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The Relevance of Interreligious Collaboration in Peacebuilding

Emmanuel Chiwetalu Ossai – April 2019 Page No.: 265-269

This paper closely considers how interreligious collaboration between religious peacebuilders could help to make religious peacebuilding in cases where religion is (part of) the problem more effective. Considering how interreligious collaboration applies to some peacebuilding mechanisms such as conflict mediation and workshops, I identify and discuss four major advantages, which include the following: (i) bolstering the legitimacy and influence of religious actors,(2) enhancing the capacity of religious resources, (3) providing a platform for the combination of intra-/intercommunal human, intellectual and material resources, and (4) sending unspoken and influential messages of love, tolerance and reconciliation to the public.

Page(s): 265-269                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 April 2019

 Emmanuel Chiwetalu Ossai
Department of Religion and Cultural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

[1]. Appleby, R.S.,(2000). The ambivalence of the sacred: religion, violence, and reconciliation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
[2]. Appleby, R.S., Omer, A. & Little, D. (eds.) (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict, and Peacebuiding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[3]. Barnard, A.& Karam, S.,(2015). Image of drowned Syrian, Aylan Kurdi, 3, brings migrant crisis into focus. New York Times 3 September.Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/04/world/europe/syria-boy-drowning.html?_r=0 [accessed 27 August 2016].
[4]. BBC News (2016). Battle for Aleppo: photo of shocked and bloodied Syrian five-year-old sparks outrage 18 August. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-37116349 [accessed 27 August 2016].
[5]. Bercovitch, J.,(2007). Mediation in international conflicts: theory, practice, and developments. In: Zartman I.W. (ed.) Peacemaking in international conflict: methods and techniques. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press. pp. 163-194.
[6]. Bercovitch, J.,(2011). Theory and practice of international mediation: selected essays. London: Routledge.
[7]. Bercovitch, J., &Kadayifci-Orellana, S.A., (2009). Religion and mediation: the role of faith-based actors in international conflict resolution. International Negotiation 14, pp. 175-204.
[8]. Fisher, J.R.,(2007). Interactive conflict resolution. In: Zartman, I.W., (ed). Peacemaking in international conflict: methods and techniques. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, pp. 227-276.
[9]. Foltz, J.W.,(1977). Two forms of unofficial conflict intervention: the problem-solving and the process-promoting workshops. In: Berman, R.M.& Johnson, E.J.,(eds). Unofficial diplomats. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 201-221.
[10]. Gopin, M.,(1997). Religion, violence, and conflict resolution. Peace and Change 22(1), pp. 1-31.
[11]. Gopin, M.,(2000). Between Eden and Armageddon: the future of world religions, violence, and peacemaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[12]. Gopin, M.,(2002). Holy war, holy peace: how religion can bring peace to the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[13]. Hogan, L.,(2009). Between legitimation and refusal: Jewish, Christian, and Islamic responses to political violence. In: Hogan, L.& Lehrke, L.D., (eds.)Religion and the politics of peace and conflict. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, pp. ix-xxii.
[14]. Hurewitz, C.J.,(1984). Book Review: The peace brokers: mediators in the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1948-1979, by Touval, S.,(1982). Middle Eastern Studies 20(1), pp. 112-114.
[15]. Little, D.,(2007). Peacemakers in action: profiles of religion in conflict resolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[16]. Saunders, H.H.,(2000). Interactive conflict resolution. a view for policy makers on making and building peace. In: Stern, C.P.& Druckman, D.(eds.)International conflict resolution after the cold war. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, pp. 251- 293.
[17]. Touval, S.,(1982). The peace brokers: mediators in the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1948-79. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[18]. Zartman, I.W.,(2007). Toward the resolution of international conflicts. In: Zartman, I.W.(ed.)Peacemaking in international conflict: methods and techniques. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace. pp. 3-22.

Emmanuel Chiwetalu Ossai “The Relevance of Interreligious Collaboration in Peacebuilding” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.265-269 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/265-269.pdf

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The Roles of Librarians and Libraries Campaign as a Strategy for the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria

Ukubeyinje, Sandra Ejiro, Ejitagha Stella – April 2019 Page No.: 270-274

All over the world in 2015, countries adopted a set of goals to end Poverty protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for as part of a new sustainable development goals. Seventeen general goals for sustainable development were set up. Each goal has targets to be achieved over 15 years. For the goals to be achieved, governments, the private sector, civil society and people in general need to be committed. For any nation to develop, it needs to have and provide relevant, updated and adequate information on food security, democracy, health, education, gender equality etc. Libraries can provide such access to information that would enable people to live gainful lives. However, people need to be skilled at identifying, acquiring, organizing, offering for use and publicly preserving materials irrespective of the form in which it is packaged in such a way that when it is needed it can be found and put to use. The paper describes the importance of library campaign as a strategy for attainment of the SDG in Nigeria. In addition, the paper also examines the roles of librarians for ensuring the actualization of the sustainable development goals in the country.

Page(s): 270-274                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 April 2019

 Ukubeyinje, Sandra Ejiro
Library Department, College of Education, P.M.B 1251 Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

 Ejitagha Stella
Library Department, Delta State Polytechnic Otafe-Oghara, Nigeria

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[3]. Apotiade, J. (2002). National, state, and public libraries. Ibadan: Distance Learning Center. University of Ibadan press.
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[21]. United Nations Development Program (2010). Nigeria millennium development goals report 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2012, 2010. from http://www.ng.undp/mdgs/ Final- MDG-report-2010.pdf Comparative Jour | 96
[22]. Wilson, S. (2015). Library strategies: keys to managing your boards. Retrieved on 9th August 2016 Comparative

Ukubeyinje, Sandra Ejiro, Ejitagha Stella “The Roles of Librarians and Libraries Campaign as a Strategy for the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.270-274 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/270-274.pdf

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Factors Influencing Subsidized Fertilizer Access and Use Intensity on Small Holder Farmers in Trans Nzoia County

Augustine Wafula Barasa, Josephine Barasa, Paul Okelo Odwori, Kenneth Kisuya Malaba, Harrison Yego – April 2019 Page No.: 275-279

Low crop yields as a result of inadequate application of fertilizer remains to be a challenge limiting optimum crop production especially among smallholder farmers in Kenya. The government of Kenya, under The National Accelerated Agricultural Inputs Access Programme (NAAIAP), introduced subsidized fertilizersaimed at increasing crop productivity.Despite these initiative, there has not been much achievements as far as general increase in crop yields and especially maize crop yields in the country is concerned. This study therefore sought to investigate thefactors affecting the access and the use intensity of subsidized fertilizer among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya with the case of Trans Nzoia County.The specific objectives of the study were to establish the factors affecting the access to subsidized fertilizers and to assess the factors affecting the intensity of fertilizer used.This study employed cross-sectional survey using structured questionnaires to collect the data from 384 farmers who had been selected using multi-stage sampling technique. The data was analyzed econometrically using a double hurdle model which combined a probit model and a truncated regression model. The findings showed thatage, access to extension services, land size, distance to market, household size and non-farm income significantly affected the accessibility of subsidized fertilizer to the farmers while the intensity of subsidized fertilizer use was significantly determined by age, land size, access to extension services and non-farm income of household head. The study concluded that the government should target the smallholder farmers and consider their factors when formulating policies for distribution of subsidized fertilizers as they are the intended beneficiaries of the program.

Page(s): 275-279                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 April 2019

 Augustine Wafula Barasa
University of Eldoret, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Kenya

 Josephine Barasa
University of Eldoret, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Soil Science, Kenya

 Paul Okelo Odwori
University of Eldoret, School of Economics, Moi University, Kenya

 Kenneth Kisuya Malaba
University of Eldoret, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Kenya

 Harrison Yego
School of Business and Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Resource management, Moi University, Kenya

[1]. Akudugu, M. A., Guo, E., & Dadzie, S. K. (2012). Adoption of modern agricultural production technologies by farm households in Ghana: What factors influence their decisions. Journal of biology, agriculture and healthcare, 2(3).
[2]. Asante, B. O, Afari-Sefa V., &Sarpong, D. B (2011). Determinants of Small-Scale Farmers’ Decision to JoinFarmer Based Organizations in Ghana. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 6(10), 2273-2279.
[3]. Cavane, E. (2016). Farmers’ attitude and adoption of improved maize varieties and chemical fertilizers in Mozambique. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 11(21), 1-6.
[4]. Cochran, W. G. (2007). Sampling techniques. John Wiley & Sons.
[5]. Cragg, J. (1971). Some statistical models for limited dependent variables with application to the demand for durable goods.Econometrica, 39(5), 829-844.
[6]. Dorward, A., Chirwa, E., & Jayne, T. S. (2011). Malawi’s Agricultural Input Subsidy Program Experience over 2005–09. Yes Africa Can: Success Stories from a Dynamic Continent, 289-317.
[7]. Druilhe, Z., & Barreiro-Hurlé, J. (2012). Fertilizer subsidies in sub-Saharan Africa (No. 12-04). ESA Working paper.
[8]. FAO. (2018) Kenya at a glance | FAO in Kenya | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2018). Fao.org. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from http://www.fao.org/kenya/fao-in-kenya/kenya-at-a-glance/en/
[9]. Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology. Methods and techniques, 2nd Ed. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd.
[10]. MAKAU, J. M. (2016). AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF SUBSIDIZED FERTILIZER ON FARMER PARTICIPATION IN COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER MARKETS IN NORTH RIFT REGION OF KENYA (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
[11]. Mal, P., Anik, A.R., Bauer, S., and Schmitz, P.M., (2012), “Bt Cotton Adoption: A Double-hurdle Approach for North Indian Farmers”, AgBioForum, 15(3): 294-302
[12]. Martey, E., Wiredu, A. N., Etwire, P. M., Fosu, M., Buah, S. S. J., Bidzakin, J., & Kusi, F. (2013). Fertilizer adoption and use intensity among smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana: A case study of the AGRA soil health project. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 3(1), 24.
[13]. Mathenge, M., Place, F., Olwande, J., & Mithoefer, D. (2010). Participation in agricultural markets among the Poor and marginalized: analysis of factors Influencing participation and impacts on income and Poverty in Kenya. Unpublished Study Report Prepared for the FORD Foundation.
[14]. Ng’ang’a, Stanley Karanja, An Notenbaert, Chris Miyinzi Mwungu, Caroline Mwongera, and Evan Girvetz. “Cost and benefit analysis for climate-smart soil practices in Western Kenya.” (2017).
[15]. Noltze, M., Schwarze, S., & Qaim, M. (2011, September). Understanding the adoption of systemic innovations in smallholder agriculture: the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Timor Leste. In presentation at the EAAE 2011 Congress, August (Vol. 30).
[16]. Ochola, R. O., & Fengying, N. I. E. (2015). Evaluating the effects of fertilizer subsidy programmes on vulnerable farmers in Kenya. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 7(6), 192-201.
[17]. Odame H, Muange E (2012). Can Agro-dealers deliver the green revolution in Kenya? Future Agricultures Consortium DFID UK. Future Agricultures Policy Brief No. 45.
[18]. Vanlauwe, B., Kanampiu, F., Odhiambo, G. D., De Groote, H., Wadhams, L. J., & Khan, Z. R. (2008). Integrated management of Striga hermonthica, stem borers, and declining soil fertility in western Kenya. Field Crops Research, 107(2), 102-115.

Augustine Wafula Barasa, Josephine Barasa, Paul Okelo Odwori, Kenneth Kisuya Malaba, Harrison Yego “Factors Influencing Subsidized Fertilizer Access and Use Intensity on Small Holder Farmers in Trans Nzoia County” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.275-279 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/275-279.pdf

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Relationship between a Banker and His Customer under a Letter of Credit: A Legal Reflection

Mantinkang Formbasso Lawrence – April 2019 Page No.: 280-287

The banker/customer relationship is a relation based largely on contract with well-defined terms. The contract conferred reciprocal rights and duties upon the parties. This is to say that the bank under normal banking operation is supposed to respect only the written terms of the contract between it and the customer. However, banks often intermittently of course perform some other duties which are not spelled out in the contract. The bank at times act as an agent of the customer towards other persons with whom the customer has a transaction. A documentary credit transaction stands out as a clear example of a situation where a bank act as an agent for the customer. The base contract giving birth to the opening of a documentary credit for the customer by the bank is a sale contract between the customer (buyer) and a seller in which they agree payment be made by a documentary credit. The conclusion of payment of goods supply to be made by documentary credit often give rise to three other independent but inter-related legal transactions among which is the transaction between the customer (buyer) and the issuing bank. This article focuses on this relationship between the customer and the bank which lead to the opening of a documentary credit. The credit is opened on the request of the customer for the benefit of the seller. The objective of this article is therefore to examine the content of the relationship between a customer and the issuing bank under a documentary credit transaction.

Page(s): 280-287                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 02 May 2019

 Mantinkang Formbasso Lawrence
University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon

Reference are not available.

Mantinkang Formbasso Lawrence “Relationship between a Banker and His Customer under a Letter of Credit: A Legal Reflection” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.280-287 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/280-287.pdf

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Happiness Instrument Development

Ateerah, A. R., Lukman, Z. M. – April 2019 Page No.: 288-292

Happiness is related with subjective well being. However, there is scarce of research pertaining to Islamic view of happiness. Previous research from Western perspectives have proven that positive element and attitude contribute positively to happiness. Hence, this research tries to identify several aspects that have relationship with happiness among Muslim specifically. Happiness Instrument was developed based on al-Ghazali’s concept of happiness. It was about 500 Muslims involved in this study quantitatively in which using developed scale inventory as the main instrument. The data collected from the sampled population has been descriptively analysed based on mean and SD attained from the responses. Moreover, the PLS-SEM has been utilized in this chapter to test the theoretical model. Coherently, multiple approaches have been incorporated to examine the measurement and structural models such as the convergent validity, discriminant validity, R-square, and F-square among others. As a result, there is significant result of the construct such as religious knowledge, practices and individual with happiness.

Page(s): 288-292                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 02 May 2019

 Ateerah, A. R.
Faculty of Applied Social Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 20300, Terengganu, Malaysia.

 Lukman, Z. M.
Faculty of Applied Social Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 20300, Terengganu, Malaysia.

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[29]. Cummins, R. A. (2006). Personel Wellbeing Index. Melbourne: Australia Centre on Quality of life, Deakin University. Retrieved from http://www.deakin.edu.au/research/acqol/instruments/wellbeing_index.htm
[30]. Lu, L., & Shih, J.B., (1997). Personality and happiness: Is mental health a mediator? Personality and Individual Differences. 22(2), 246-256.
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Ateerah, A. R., Lukman, Z. M. “Happiness Instrument Development” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.288-292 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/288-292.pdf

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Determinant of Self-Rated Satisfactory Quality of Life for older women (70+) in South-Eastern Nigeria: Preparing an Early Intervention

Atumah Oscar. N. – April 2019 Page No.: 293-299

Quality of life for older adults is crucial to successful aging, and has formed a part of global goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A survey was administered to collect data from 30 women who are 70 years and above. Through multiple regression analysis, using self-rated satisfactory quality of life as the criterion variable, and access to housing, food, and healthcare as the predictor variables, this paper attempted to predict self-rated satisfactory quality of life for women 70 years and above. The intention is to have data backed information that will enable policy makers to plan an intervention for older adults, particularly the women. Findings revealed that access to food was the strongest predictor as it received the greatest weight in the standardized regression equation, and was also highest in terms of squared structured coefficient, accounting for about 86% of the total effect. Access to housing also received a sizeable beta weight, but did not out-perform access to healthcare substantially with respect to the observed effect. Implications include community partnership with universities to boost food production, to enact policies that will oblige government to subsidize the cost of food for adults above 70 years, and to emphasize the multidisciplinary nature of gerontology to aging professionals.

Page(s): 293-299                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 02 May 2019

 Atumah Oscar. N.
Department of Sociology, University of Abuja, FCT Nigeria

[1]. Omotara, B., Yahya, S., Wudiri, Z.,Amodu, M., Bimba, J. and Unyime, J. (2015) Assesment of the Determinants of Healthy Ageing among the Rural Elderly of North Eastern Nigeria. Health, 7, 754-764. doi: 10.4236/health.2015.76090
[2]. Kalache, A. and Kickbusch, I. (1997) A Global Strategy for Healthy Ageing. World Health, 4, 4-5
[3]. Pinquart, M., &Sörensen, S. (2011). Spouses, Adult Children, and Children-in-Law as Caregivers of Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Comparison. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 1–14. Retrieved from https://libproxy.library.unt.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gnh&AN=EP59831272&scope=site
[4]. Esteban, R. (2015) Thinking about Aging: Experience, Identity and Meaning among an Elderly Population in the Philippines. Advances in Aging Research, 4, 133-153. doi: 10.4236/aar.2015.45015
[5]. Low, G. , Kalfoss, M. and Halvorsrud, L. (2015) Identity Processes, Depression, and the Aging Self—A Norwegian Study. Advances in Aging Research, 4, 212-224. doi: 10.4236/aar.2015.46023.
[6]. Wilson, D. , Osei-Waree, J. , Hewitt, J. and Broad, A. (2012) Canadian provincial, territorial, and federal government aging policies: A systematic review. Advances in Aging Research, 1, 38-46. doi: 10.4236/aar.2012.12005.
[7]. Zhan, H. J. (2013). Population Aging and Long-Term Care in China. Generations, 37(1), 53–58. Retrieved from https://libproxy.library.unt.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gnh&AN=EP86024536&scope=site
[8]. Okharedia, A. A. (1999). Sociological survey of the socioeconomic dilemma of the aged in less developed countries. Ageing International, 25(1), 17–30. Retrieved from https://libproxy.library.unt.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gnh&AN=78562&scope=site

[9]. Kimuna, S. R., &Makiwane, M. (2007). Older people as resources in South Africa: Mpumalanga households. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 19(1), 97–114. Retrieved from https://libproxy.library.unt.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gnh&AN=119167&scope=site
[10]. O’Loughlin, K., Loh, V., &Kendig, H. (2017). Carer Characteristics and Health, Wellbeing and Employment Outcomes of Older Australian Baby Boomers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 32(3), 339–356. Retrieved from https://libproxy.library.unt.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gnh&AN=EP124620237&scope=site
[11]. Apt, N. A. (2002). Ageing and the changing role of the family and the community: an African perspective. International Social Security Review, 55(1), 39–47. Retrieved from https://libproxy.library.unt.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gnh&AN=88725&scope=site
[12]. Liu, J., Guo, M., & Bern-Klug, M. (2013). Economic Stress Among Adult-Child Caregivers of the Oldest Old in China: The Importance of Contextual Factors. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 28(4), 465–479. Retrieved from https://libproxy.library.unt.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gnh&AN=EP91959667&scope=site
[13]. Finkelstein, E. S., Reid, M. C., Kleppinger, A., Pillemer, K., & Robison, J. (2012). Are Baby Boomers Who Care for Their Older Parents Planning for Their Own Future Long-Term Care Needs? Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 24(1), 29–45. Retrieved from https://libproxy.library.unt.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gnh&AN=EP70284899&scope=site

Atumah Oscar. N. “Determinant of Self-Rated Satisfactory Quality of Life for older women (70+) in South-Eastern Nigeria: Preparing an Early Intervention ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.293-299 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/293-299.pdf

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Effects of Geogebra Instructional Package on Secondary School Students Retention in Geometry in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State

Abari, M. T.; Dr.(Mrs) Gimba, R.W.; Dr. Hassan, A. A; Dr. Jiya, M. – April 2019 Page No.: 300-303

The research was concerned with the effects of Geogebra Instructional Package on secondary school students retention in Geometry in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria. Two research questions were asked and answered while two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was quasi-experimental design of pretest-post test non equivalent control group. The sample of the study was 205 students. The experimental group was taught using Geogebra Instructional package while the control group was taught using the expository method. The instrument for data collection was Geometry Retention Test(GRT) and Geometry achievement Test(GAT).The data collected at the end of the research was analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while the hypotheses were tested using analysis of covariance. The result of the study revealed that students taught geometry using Geogebra Instructional Package retained higher mean scores than those taught using Expository method. The result also revealed no significant difference in the mean retention scores of male and female students taught geometry using Geogebra Instructional Package.

Page(s): 300-303                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 02 May 2019

 Abari, M. T.
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

 Dr.(Mrs) Gimba, R.W.
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

 Dr. Hassan, A. A
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

 Dr. Jiya, M.
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

[1]. Bester, G. & Brand, L. (2013). The effect of technology on learner attention and achievement in the classroom. South African Journal of Education, 33(2), 1-35.
[2]. Gambari, A. I.I, Falode, C. O. & Adegbenro, D. A.(2014). The effectiveness of computer animation and geometry instructional model on mathematics achievement and retention on Junior Secondary School Students in Minna, Nigeria.European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2(2), 127-146.
[3]. Hohenwarter, M., Hohenwarter, J., Kreis, Y., and Lavicza, Z. (2008). Teaching and learning calculus with free dynamic mathematics software GeoGebra. Paper presented at the 11th International Congress on Mathematical Education. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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[7]. Osemwinyen, A. C. (2009). Effects of e‐learning on retention and achievement in secondary school mathematics in Abuja, Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
[8]. Royati, A. S., Ahmad, F. M. & Rohani, A.T. (2010).The Effects of Audio-visual on Mathematics Achievement: Enlightening Coordinate Geometry Learning.International Conference on Mathematics Education Research 2010 (ICMER 2010).Institute for Mathematical Research, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia.
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[11]. Zengin, Y & Kutluca, T. (2012). The effect of dynamic Mathematics Software geogebra on student achievement in teaching of trigonometry. Procedia.-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 31; 183-187.

Abari, M. T.; Dr.(Mrs) Gimba, R.W.; Dr. Hassan, A. A; Dr. Jiya, M. “Effects of Geogebra Instructional Package on Secondary School Students Retention in Geometry in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.300-303 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/300-303.pdf

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Aligning University-Industry Partnership in Africa to Employability of Graduates

Goddana Mensima Darko, Akua Ahyia Adu-Oppong – April 2019 Page No.: 304-312

This paper examines University-Industry collaboration in Africa as a tool for engendering graduate employability. It reviews perspectives on university education in Africa in the context of fulfilling the needs of industry through appropriate human capital development strategies. It outlines the challenges of African industries in respect of their collaboration with academia to foster employability of graduates. Available literature showed that the two institutions operate almost in isolation at a level of cooperation that is insignificant to guarantee employability of graduates on an appreciable scale. Beyond the pure teaching and research functions of academia and the profit goals of industry, the paper sheds light on workable employability strategies that can be adopted by the two institutions with support of government to create a win-win situation for universities and industry as well as guarantee employability of graduates.

Page(s): 304-312                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 May 2019

 Goddana Mensima Darko
College of Technology Education, Kumasi-University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

 Akua Ahyia Adu-Oppong
College of Technology Education, Kumasi-University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

[1]. Abor, J. & Quartey, P.,(2010). Issues in SME Development in Ghana and South Africa. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics 39, 1450-2887.
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[7]. Beukes, C.J. (2010). Employability and Emotional Intelligence of the Individual within the School-to-Work Transition Phase. Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of South Africa: Pretoria
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[9]. Blumenthal, D. (2003). Academic-Industrial Relationships in the Life Sciences. New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 2452-2459
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[11]. Dooley, L. & Kirk, D. (2007). University‐Industry Collaboration: Grafting the Entrepreneurial Paradigm onto Academic Structures. European Journal of Innovation Management, 3(10), 316-332
[12]. Etzkowitz, H. (2002). Incubation of Incubators: Innovation as a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Networks. Science and Public Policy. 29, 115-128.
[13]. Foster, D. (2006), ―Reflection of a Careers Adviser‖, Phoenix. The Journal of the Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services. 117, 5-6.
[14]. George, G., Zahra, S. A., & Wood, D. R. (2002). The Effects of Business-University Alliances on Innovative Output and Financial Performance: A study of Publicly Traded Biotechnology Companies. Journal of Business Venturing, 17, 577-609
[15]. Hong, W., & Su, Y.-S. (2013). The Effect of Institutional Proximity in Non-Local University-Industry Collaborations: An Analysis Based on Chinese Patent Data. Research Policy, 42, 454-464
[16]. Jamal, N. I., Haradhan, K. M & Rajib, D. (2012). Organisational Models in University-Industry Collaboration: International Perspective. International Journal of Economics and Research 3(5). 2229-6158
[17]. Johnes, G. (2006). Career Interruptions and Labour Market Outcomes. EOC Working Paper Series (45). Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission.
[18]. Knight, P T and Yorke, M (2003) Assessment, Learning and Employability, Maidenhead: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
[19]. Kruss, G., Adeoti, J. & Nabudere, D. (2012). Universities and Knowledge-Based Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Comparing University-Firm Interaction in Nigeria, Uganda and South Africa. The Journal of Development Studies, 48(4), 516-530.
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[38]. Run for their Short-Term Salient Stakeholder?’ European Management Journal 25 (2): 146–162
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Goddana Mensima Darko, Akua Ahyia Adu-Oppong “Aligning University-Industry Partnership in Africa to Employability of Graduates” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.304-312 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/304-312.pdf

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Effect of Improvised Instructional Materials on Students’ Achievement and Interest in Longitude and Latitude

Benjamin Akoji OGUCHE and Prof. K. O. USMAN – April 2019 Page No.: 313-320

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of improvised instructional materials on students’ achievement and interest in Longitude and Latitude. The influence of gender on the achievement and interest of the students taught with improvised instructional material (Frame of a Sphere) was also considered. Four research questions and six null hypotheses guided the study. A non-equivalent control group of quasi-experimental design was used for the study. The simple random sampling technique was used to select two schools from Olamaboro Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Each of the schools was assigned to control and experimental groups. Two intact classes from each of the schools were used for the study. Two instruments – Longitude and Latitude Achievement Test (LLAT) and Longitude and Latitude Interest Scale (LLIS) were used. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions and ANCOVA was used to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that the use of improvised instructional materials increases the students’ achievement and interest. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Mathematics teachers should endeavour to use improvised instructional materials since it enhances the achievement and interest of students.

Page(s): 313-320                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 10 May 2019

 Benjamin Akoji OGUCHE
Department of Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

 Prof. K. O. USMANE
Department of Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

[1]. Abakpa, B.O.& Iji, C.O. (2011). Effect of Mastery Learning Approach on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Geometry. Journal of the Science Teachers Association on Nigeria, 46 (1), 207-223.
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[3]. Abolade, A.O. (2006). Importance of Learning and Instructional materials in the Nigeria. Education Industry, Journal of Curriculum Instruction (1), 187.
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[6]. Akinsola, R.O (2004) Learning and teaching Senior Secondary Mathematics in Anabra State.
[7]. Azuka, B.F. (2003). The challenges of Mathematics in Nigeria: Economic & Technological Development Implication for tertiary Education ABACUS 28 (1):18.
[8]. Badmus. G.A (2002). Improving Positive Attitude and interest of Students to Mathematical Science Education in Nigeria, Organize by National Mathematical Centre, Abuja 4th – 5th October
[9]. Betiku, O.F. (2002), Factors responsible for poor performance of students in school mathematics suggested remedies. Proceeding of the 43rd Annual Conference and Inaugural Conference of CASTME African Heinemann Educational Books Nig. Plc.
[10]. Gambari, A.I. (2004). The Development of Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) software for individual instruction of Physics in Senior Secondary Schools in Niger State, Nigeria. Unpublished M. Tech. Thesis Minna: Federal University of Technology.
[11]. George, P. (2008). Interest and Mathematics achievement in Problem solving approach. Retrieved on 3/8/09. http://www.edu.intermap.org.
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[13]. Imoko, I.B. & Agwagah, U.N.V. (2006) Improving Students’ interest in Mathematics through the concept mapping technique: A focus on gender. Journal of Research in curriculum and Teaching 1 (1), 30 – 38.
[14]. Iwendi, B.C. (2012) Effect of gender and age on the Mathematics Achievement of Secondary School students in Minna metropolis Nigeria. JOSMED, 9 (1), 215- 223..
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[16]. Obodo, G.C. (2004), Principles and Practice of Mathematics Education in Nigeria. Enugu Floxton Press.
[17]. Offoma, G.C. (2004). Gender and Language International Journal of Arts Education. 4 (2) – Pp 38 – 49.
[18]. Owodeyi, A.F. (2004) Mathematics for Sustainable Development, Implications and Illustrations for Secondary Education. Journal of the Mathematical Association on Nigeria. 29(1).
[19]. Piaget, J. (1964). Judgment and Reasoning in the Child. Patterson, NJ: Littke field Adams.
[20]. Shih, S, KUO, B, Liu, Y. (2012). Adaptively Ubiquitous Learning in Campus Maths Path. Educational Teachnology & Society, 15 (2), 298 – 308
[21]. Yisa (2014). Effectiveness of Computer Animation on a progressive Learning achievement of Secondary School biology Students in Niger State, Nigeria.Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Department of Education, FUT Minna.

Benjamin Akoji OGUCHE and Prof. K. O. USMAN “Effect of Improvised Instructional Materials on Students’ Achievement and Interest in Longitude and Latitude” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.313-320 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/313-320.pdf

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The Correlational Effect of Training and Development on Organizational Performance: A Study of Usmanu DanFodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria

Fodio Garba, Ph.D, Hani Awad Abdallah Hajjaze – April 2019 Page No.: 321-326

Training plays an important role in the attainment of organizational goals and objectives, as it serve as a nerve that suffices the need of easy and smooth functioning of work which helps in enhancing the quality of work life of employees and organizational development. With respect to this context, the paper entitled the correlational effect of training and development on organizational performance: Astudy of UsmanuDanFodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria, was put forward to examine the impact of training and development on organizational performance with particular reference to UsmanuDanFodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria. The methodology applied was survey method. The data was collected through a well structured questionnaire. Data analysis has been done with the help of SPSS software version 21. The result obtained from the SPSS analysis output shows that there is strong positive relationship between staff training and development and service delivery. So the higher the effective HRM practice of (T&D) the higher the attainment of the training needs of the university. The policy makers are therefore, recommended to continue formulating policies that support HRM practices of T&D in the university, because the findings of the research reveals that such will help in improving and ensuring the attainment of the goals of the University.

Page(s): 321-326                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 10 May 2019

 Fodio Garba, Ph.D
Usmanu DanFodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria

 Hani Awad Abdallah Hajjaze
University of Bakht Al-ruda, Sudan

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[5]. Fajana, S. (2009) HRM in Africa: The Social and Economic Frame work, Journal of Personnel Management, 7 (1), 80-86.
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[13]. Maiyaki, A.A. (2012), “Influence of Service Quality, Corporate Image, Perceived Value, Switching Costs and Culture on Customer Behavioral Responses in the Nigerian Banks”, PhD Thesis, University Utara, Malaysia.
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[19]. Yahaya, T.B., & Abdullah, A. (2015), ‘Foundations of Personnel Management in (eds) S.O. Ilufoye and A. Jimoh, Foundations of Social Sciences, Lagos, Malthouse Press Ltd.

Fodio Garba, Ph.D, Hani Awad Abdallah Hajjaze “The Correlational Effect of Training and Development on Organizational Performance: A Study of Usmanu DanFodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.321-326 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/321-326.pdf

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Teachers Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Teaching Services in School: An Overview

Fodio Garba, Ph.D, Nura Abubakar Allumi, Ph.D – April 2019 Page No.: 327-331

Job satisfaction and motivation are very essential to the continuing growth of educational systems around the world and they rank alongside professional knowledge and skills, teacher competency, educational resources as well as strategies, in genuinely determining educational success and performance. In the teaching services, the place of trained human resource cannot be compromised noting the sensitivity attached to effective service delivery and result-oriented outputs. The responsible authorities must not only identify relevant techniques of motivating there teachers but also ensure that the said techniques are formidable enough to stimulate job satisfaction and increased productivity. The national education policy expressed in the personnel development component of some or any relevant declaration and convention, only succeeds in complying with global standards and best practices. Through the use of documentary method, relevant literatures have proven instrumental in informing the findings of the paper. Put differently, the paper concludes that for teachers to integrate their personal goals to those of the organization, a measure of job satisfaction instrumented by relevant motivational (incentive) packages must abound. Finally, the paper recommends that a separate salary structure, for teachers should be established and merit based employment, should be ensured by the authorities concerned.

Page(s): 327-331                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 10 May 2019

 Fodio Garba, Ph.D
Department of Public Administration Usmanu DanFodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

 Nura Abubakar Allumi, Ph.D
Department of Public Administration Usmanu DanFodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

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Fodio Garba, Ph.D, Nura Abubakar Allumi, Ph.D “Teachers Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Teaching Services in School: An Overview” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.327-331 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/327-331.pdf

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Analysis of Profitability of Processed Catfish Marketing In Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria

Daniel A. Olaleye, Abdulhameed A. Odeseye, Emmanuel David, Edward A. Aregbesola, Uzoamaka Asogwa, Stephen A. Adams – April 2019 Page No.: 332-338

Profit is the increase in wealth an investor has from making investment, taking into consideration all costs associated with the investment. This study examined the profitability of marketing processed catfish in Ilorin metropolis of Kwara State.Employing three-stage sampling method, purposive sampling technique was used to select processed catfish marketers in the study area to have 132 catfish marketers which represents 72.53% of the total registered population. Through intensive field survey, data were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics for socio-economic characteristics, farm budget model for profitability, Shephered-Futeral model for marketing efficiency, and likert scale to analyse the constraints faced by the catfish marketers. Some of the socio-economic characteristics analysed include: age, marital status and years of experience. The retailers and wholesaler were observed to have return on investment of 1.79 and 1.27 respectively. The observed marketing efficiencies were 85.75% and 78.84% for retail and wholesale marketing of processed catfish respectively. The constraints that posed least effect on the marketing operations of processed catfish marketers in the study area were storage, distance and linkage with other actors with mean scores of 2.69, 3.29 and 3.35 respectively. Marketing processed catfish is a viable and profitable business in Kwara metropolis.

Page(s): 332-338                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 10 May 2019

 Daniel A. Olaleye
Extension Management Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria.

 Abdulhameed A. Odeseye
Enterprise Development Management Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria.

 Emmanuel David
Extension Management Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria.

 Edward A. Aregbesola
Agricultural Finance and Rural Credit Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria.

 Uzoamaka Asogwa
Research Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria.

 Stephen A. Adams
Learning Resources Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria.

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Daniel A. Olaleye, Abdulhameed A. Odeseye, Emmanuel David, Edward A. Aregbesola, Uzoamaka Asogwa, Stephen A. Adams “Analysis of Profitability of Processed Catfish Marketing In Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.332-338 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/332-338.pdf

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The Effects of Instagram Based Activities in Improving Secondary School Students’ Writing Skill

Aadila Fatin Mohd Desa, Mohamed Amin Embi, Harwati Hashim – April 2019 Page No.: 339-363

The 21st century of learning and teaching not only emphasises on core competencies such as collaboration, critical thinking, problem-solving but as well as on the digital literacy aspect. The integration of social networking sites (SNS) like Instagram application in the classroom is believed to be able to contribute to many beneficial impacts on students. However based on current findings, it is claimed that in the Malaysian school context, students’ face real struggle in producing grammatically correct pieces of writing. Therefore, it is crucial to efficiently respond to this writing accuracy issue among students by identifying the most comprehensible features on Instagram which could work as the trailblazer. This study is conducted to unearth how the theoretical underpinnings that Instagram features own affect students’ subject-verb-agreement instruction. In this intervention, 50 Form 4 students from a secondary school in Perak were selected as the participants. A few Instagram-based writing activities were carried out to explore the effectiveness of Instagram features on students’ use of subject-verb-agreement. Pre and post observation as well as questionnaire were also used as methods of data collection. The findings indicated that the students responded effectively to Instagram based activities thus it boosts their motivation in writing learning. Based on this finding, more studies are expected to be conducted in the future too as students should be well armed with sufficient writing skills to thrive in today’s world.

Page(s): 339-363                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 10 May 2019

 Aadila Fatin Mohd Desa
Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

 Mohamed Amin Embi
Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

 Harwati Hashim
Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

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Aadila Fatin Mohd Desa, Mohamed Amin Embi, Harwati Hashim “The Effects of Instagram Based Activities in Improving Secondary School Students’ Writing Skill” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.339-363 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/339-363.pdf

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Student Perception on the Extent Use of Instructional Material in Teaching Computer Organization Course

Devine Grace D. Funcion – April 2019 Page No.: 364-370

Instructional materials (IM) play an essential role in the teaching and learning process. IM’s can be in the form of video, workbook, and textbook to enhance the knowledge and skills of the student. Books and instructional materials are some of the learning materials that the teacher use to deliver the experience and expertise to the student. However, factory produced instructional materials are insufficient and expensive because of the high-cost instructional material provided by the publishing companies, teachers are encouraged to create instructional materials. Moreover, because of the poor academic performance of students in Computer Organization Course which attributestoo numerous factors among which is the instructor’s approach in teaching the class due to the limited resources available in the library. However, several conducted studies on the development of instructional materials, but none of this study has been performed to determine the effectiveness of using improvised instructional materials to improve the academic performance of the student. This study shall employ a quantitative research approach using descriptive-correlation design. The respondents of the survey are the 2nd year Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) students enrolled in the course Computer Organization at Leyte Normal University. A total of 53 students who were identified to answer the survey questionnaire on the extent use of the instructional material in teaching Computer Organization course. The output of this study will serve as the basis for the revision of the instructional materials used in Computer Organization course.

Page(s): 364-370                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 10 May 2019

 Devine Grace D. Funcion
Leyte Normal University, Philippines

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Devine Grace D. Funcion “Student Perception on the Extent Use of Instructional Material in Teaching Computer Organization Course” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.364-370 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/364-370.pdf

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Challenges Encountered by Students in the Acquisition of Entrepreneurial Skills in Home Economics Education in Edo and Delta State

Dr. (Mrs) B.E. Uwameiye – April 2019 Page No.: 371-376

This paper examined challenges encountered by students in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills in Home Economics Education in Edo and Delta State of Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted in this study. 82 final year students in the tertiary institutions participated in the study. Three research questions guided the study. A self-structured 21-item questionnaire was administered to elicit responses for the data. The Mean and Rank Order was utilized to rank the challenges encountered by students in Home Economics Education in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills, in order of gravity. Findings revealed that: school challenges preventing students in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills in Home Economics Education are; The time allotted for practical courses as inadequate, facilities available are inadequate and that learning resources are obsolete. Students’ personal challenges indicated by respondents include: Students have low interest in Home Economics Education, financial demand to study Home Economics Education is too high, no good motivation to acquire entrepreneurial opportunities in Home Economics Education. Teacher challenges indicated by respondents include; Methods utilized for teaching Home Economics Education courses are uninteresting, lecturers do not utilize modern learning methods to teach practical courses in Home Economics Education, lecturers utilize lecture methods to teach practical courses. This paper recommends that meaningful intervention will require that all stakeholders in education look inward and address these challenges; by adequately funding, monitoring and supervising the teaching and learning of Home Economics Education programmes in all tertiary institutions of learning in Edo State.

Page(s): 371-376                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 11 May 2019

 Dr. (Mrs) B.E. Uwameiye
Senior Lecturer, Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ambrose Alli University, EKpoma, Edo State, Nigeria

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Dr. (Mrs) B.E. Uwameiye “Challenges Encountered by Students in the Acquisition of Entrepreneurial Skills in Home Economics Education in Edo and Delta State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.371-376 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/371-376.pdf

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In Search of Our Common Humanity – Towards a Philosophy of Pluralism

Sylvanus Ifeanyichukwu Nnoruka – April 2019 Page No.: 377-382

More than sixty years after the ratification of the declaration of human rights, nothing can be taken for granted and everything is possible. We are more and more indifferent to the inhuman treatment we see around us. More and more nations wage wars against the others; the number of political refugees is drastically and alarmingly increasing every day. The African continent does not seem to have recovered from the devastating effects of slave trade and colonialism. What is worse, the world is increasingly becoming insecure. Nevertheless, there is still hope. It comes from the realisation that all humans undeniably have one thing in common – that they are humans, precisely human beings. We have a common humanity irrespective of when and where our contact with the world started. It is our conviction that it is through the realisation and promotion of our common humanity that authentic peace could be achieved today. We are working on the principle that no culture is self-sufficient. The attitude ought to be: I need the Other in order to develop myself meaningfully and authentically

Page(s): 377-382                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 12 May 2019

 Sylvanus Ifeanyichukwu Nnoruka
Associate Professor, Bigard Memorial Seminary, Enugu, Nigeria

References are not available.

Sylvanus Ifeanyichukwu Nnoruka “In Search of Our Common Humanity – Towards a Philosophy of Pluralism” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.377-382 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/377-382.pdf

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Effects of Generative Instructional Strategy on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement and Attitude to Summary Writing

Olagbaju Oladotun Opeoluwa PhD – April 2019 Page No.: 383-393

Success in English language is one of the prerequisites for academic advancement and admission into tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Students’ performance in English language examinations has been very poor and ineffective strategy in teaching summary writing is one of the causative factors. Most of the instructional approaches have been teacher-centred rather than learner-centred. This study determined the effects of Generative Instructional Strategy on students’ achievement in and attitude to summary writing in Ibadan. Moderating effect of gender was also examined. Four intact randomly selected classes were assigned to experimental and control groups. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance, and Scheffe post-hoc test. Generative instructional strategy was effective in enhancing students’ achievement and attitude to summary writing.

Page(s): 383-393                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 12 May 2019

 Olagbaju Oladotun Opeoluwa PhD
College of Education and Social Sciences, Legacy University, The Gambia.

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Olagbaju Oladotun Opeoluwa PhD “Effects of Generative Instructional Strategy on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement and Attitude to Summary Writing” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.383-393 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/383-393.pdf

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The Relationship between Transformational Leadership among Principal with Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Secondary School in the East Coast Malaysia

Kaharuddin Sharkawi, Abdullah Bin Ibrahim, Wan Khairul Aiman Wan Mokhtar, Ramle Abdullah – April 2019 Page No.: 394-397

The purpose of this research is to identify the level of Transformational Leadership of Principal towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). This research is a survey using questionnaire distributions. The questionnaire utilized in this research is divided into three parts. The first part of the questionnaire involves the questioning of the respondent demographics. The second part is the 20 items of the dimension of Organizational Citizenship Behavior based on Podsakoff (1990). While the third part of the study questions contains 20 items describing the style of Transformational Leadership based on instruments built by Bass and Avolio (1995). A total of 102 respondents have collaborated in the success of this research, and two types of statistics were used, which named descriptive statistics and inference statistics. The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents were tending to the intellectual stimulating dimensions (mean 6.09) compared to the motivational dimensions (min 5.98), individual consideration dimensions (min 5.88) and charismatic dimensions (min 5.40). The intellectuals’ stimulation is the fourth dimension embodied in transformational leadership. The T-test was found to have no significant relationship between the organization’s citizenship behavior and the gender of the respondent. One of the objectives of the study is to investigate the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organization Citizenship Behavior. Hence, the correlation test has been used and the findings show a significant relationship between transformational leadership and the organization’s citizenship behavior (r = 0.431). As such, the role and responsibility of the Principals also need to change from time to time and they also need to alter them based on time and situation. If a principal has effective leadership qualities, then the mission and vision of making an outstanding school can be achieved. On the other hand, if a principal lacks character in his or her leadership, then it will give an unfavorable effect on the achievement of a school.

Page(s): 394-397                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 12 May 2019

 Kaharuddin Sharkawi
Faculty of General Studies and Advance Education, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 21300 Terengganu, Malaysia

 Abdullah Bin Ibrahim
Faculty of General Studies and Advance Education, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 21300 Terengganu, Malaysia

 Wan Khairul Aiman Wan Mokhtar
Faculty of General Studies and Advance Education, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 21300 Terengganu, Malaysia

 Ramle Abdullah
Faculty of General Studies and Advance Education, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 21300 Terengganu, Malaysia

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Kaharuddin Sharkawi, Abdullah Bin Ibrahim, Wan Khairul Aiman Wan Mokhtar, Ramle Abdullah “The Relationship between Transformational Leadership among Principal with Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Secondary School in the East Coast Malaysia” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.394-397 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/394-397.pdf

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Cognitive Leadership Competencies and Performance of Private Universities in Kenya, A Case of Daystar University

Onduso Salome Bosibori, Okode Martin Opiyo – April 2019 Page No.: 398-401

The study focused on cognitive leadership competencies and how it affects performance of faculty/department leaders in private universities in Kenya. A descriptive research design with a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative methods of research approaches was adopted. Findings for constructs of cognitive leadership competencies revealed critical thinking highly (77.8%) influence leaders’ performance, creativity highly (66.7%) influence leaders’ performance and problem solving (12) lowly (66.7%) influence leaders performance.
Study concluded that cognitive leadership competency has negative insignificant influence on leaders performance and recommends that university should embrace/enhance capacity development training for leaders in order to develop or enhance their cognitive competency.

Page(s): 398-401                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 13 May 2019

 Onduso Salome Bosibori
Department of Leadership and Management, Pan Africa University, Kenya

 Okode Martin Opiyo
Department of Business Administration, Maseno University, Kenya

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[12]. Kariuki, J. (2015), Global leadership from A to Z: creating high commitmentorganizations, Organizational Dynamics, 295(309), 1‐16.
[13]. Khan, V., Hafeez, M.H., Rizvi, S.M.H., Hasnain, A., & Mariam, A. (2012). Relationship of Leadership Styles, Employees Commitment and Organization Performance: A Study on Customer Support Representatives. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 49, 133-43.
[14]. Mwaura, K. (2007). The Failure of Corporate Governance in State Owned Enterprisesand the Need for Restructured Governance in Fully and Partially PrivatizedEnterprises: The Case of Kenya. Fordham International Law Journal, 31(1), 34-75.
[15]. Northouse, P. G. (2007). Leadership: Theory and practice. New York: Sage publications.
[16]. Nyanjom, C. (2013). Factors Influencing Employee Retention in the State Corporationsin Kenya, Unpublished MSc Thesis, Nairobi: University of Nairobi.
[17]. Okundi, B. (2013) There’s a Need to Breath New Life into State Corporations throughReforms. Daily Nation, September 25, 2013.
[18]. OReilly, C. A., Caldwell, D.F., Chatman, J. A., Lapiz, M., & Social, W. (2010). Howleadership matters: The effects of leaders’ alignment on strategy implementation. The Leadership Quarterly, 21, 104–113

Onduso Salome Bosibori, Okode Martin Opiyo “Cognitive Leadership Competencies and Performance of Private Universities in Kenya, A Case of Daystar University” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.398-401 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/398-401.pdf

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Students’ Attitude and Perceptions on Teachers’ Comments: Does it associate with their Interest on Particular Subjects? A Case of Morogoro Municipality

MSEMO, Emanuel Mbazi, EDWARD, Mariafelista Massawe – April 2019 Page No.: 402-404

This study explored the relationship between students’ attitude and perception towards teachers’ comments and their interest on particular subjects. The study was conducted as a case study of Morogoro municipal in Tanzania, and employed a cross sectional design with a sample of size n=127 students from two schools. Schools in Morogoro municipal were clustered into two clusters (old schools and newly ward secondary schools) and one school from each cluster was randomly selected. Respondents were chosen within a cluster using simple random sampling. Information on study variables was obtained using questionnaire and to establish the relationship, a chi square test of association was performed. Results showed a significant relationship between students’ attitude and perception towards teachers’ comments and their interest on particular subjects. Choice of students on whether to engage on a particular subject depends on how they approach and interpret the feedback given by teachers. This suggests that, it is important to create a condunsive means of communicating feedback to students so as to achieve a learning environment that ignite and sustain student interests to subjects for greater achievements and performances.

Page(s): 402-404                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 13 May 2019

 MSEMO, Emanuel Mbazi
Assistant Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Computational Sciences, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania

 EDWARD, Mariafelista Massawe
Department of Education, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania

[1]. Lipnevich, A. A., & Smith, J. K. (2008). Response to assessment feedback: The effects of grades, praise, and source of information. ETS Research Report Series, 2008(1), i-57.
[2]. Ndalichako, J. L., & Komba, A. A. (2014). Students’ Subject Choice in Secondary Schools in Tanzania: A Matter of Students’ Ability and Interests or Forced Circumstances? Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2(08), 49.
[3]. Hattie, J. (2003). Teachers Make a Difference, What is the research evidence?
[4]. Harackiewicz, J. M., & Hulleman, C. S. (2010). The importance of interest: The role of achievement goals and task values in promoting the development of interest. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(1), 42-52.
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[8]. Colley, A., Comber, C. and Hargreaves, D. (1994). School Subject Preferences of Pupils in Single Sex and Coeducational Secondary Schools, Educational Studies, 20: 379-85.
[9]. Colley, A., and Comber, C. (2003). School Subject Preferences: Age and gender differences revisited, Educational Studies, 29(1): 59-67.

MSEMO, Emanuel Mbazi, EDWARD, Mariafelista Massawe “Students’ Attitude and Perceptions on Teachers’ Comments: Does it associate with their Interest on Particular Subjects? A Case of Morogoro Municipality” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.402-404 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/402-404.pdf

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Self Esteem and Depression: Relations with Muslims’ Happiness

Ateerah, A. R., Lukman, Z. M. – April 2019 Page No.: 405-409

Happiness is negatively correlated with depression and anxiety. Likewise, self-esteem has close relationship with the element of happiness. Previous research mentioned that it possesses high correlations between measurement of happiness and self-esteem [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Thus, one aim of this study is to viewboth positive and negative aspects, by exploring the differential level of depression, self esteem and happiness on Muslim students.The method of this research is quantitative, and the respondents were selected in several states in Malaysia, which approximately 500 people. This research used Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) and happiness instrument developed by the researcher based on al-Ghazali’s concept of happiness. After conducting the descriptive analysis for every construct, this research used the average of construct, whereas to determine the correlation between depression and self-esteem aspects, pearson correlation has been computed and the result is significant which is r=-0.462, p<0.01]. It shows that the direction of relationship was found to be negative at the moderate level. As a conclusion, there is positive relationship with happiness and self esteem, and it negatively correlated with depression.

Page(s): 405-409                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 13 May 2019

 Ateerah, A. R.
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 20300 Terengganu, Malaysia

 Lukman, Z. M.
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 20300 Terengganu, Malaysia

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[10]. Kramanon, R., Gray, R. S., (2015). Differentials in Happiness among the Young Old, the Middle Old and the Very Old in Thailand.Journal of Population and Social Studies, 23(2), 180 – 192. DOI 10.14456/jpss.2015.13
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Ateerah, A. R., Lukman, Z. M. “Self Esteem and Depression: Relations with Muslims’ Happiness” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.405-409 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/405-409.pdf

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Challenges and Successes of E-Government Development in Developing Countries: A Theoretical Review of the Literature

Malang B.S. Bojang – April 2019 Page No.: 410-414

Electronic government(e-Gov) is the innovation of the 21st century. This is because many governments around the globe are reforming their service delivery system via the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) to attain greater efficiency in public sector. The potential benefits of e-Gov were echoed by stakeholder and supranational bodies like United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, just to name a few. Developed countries have started reaping the fruit of ICTs in government service delivery while developing nations are stagnant with structural and sustainable failures of information systems in general. However, this study argued that some success stories are registered with regards to e-Service delivery in some developing countries and lesson needs to be learn from it—Singapore, Egypt andChile can best this argument. Using explanatory method, data has been collected for this study from secondary sources.

Page(s): 410-414                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 15 May 2019

 Malang B.S. Bojang
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Kocaeli University, Turkey

[1]. AL ATHMAY, A. A. (2013), “e-Governance in Arab Countries: Status and Challenges,” Global Journal of Business Research, Vol:7, No:5.
[2]. AL-KHOURI, A. M. (2011), “An Innovative Approach for e-Government Transformation,”International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC), Vol:2, No:1, pp.22-43
[3]. AZAB, N. A. et al. (2009), “A Suggested Framework for Assessing Electronic Government Readiness in Egypt,” Electronic Journal of e-Government, Vol:7, No:1, pp.11-28, available online at www.ejeg.com
[4]. CARTER, L and BÉLANGER, F. (2005), “The utilization of e-government services: citizen trust, innovation and acceptance factors,” Info Systems, Vol:15, pp.5–25. Blackwell Publishing Ltd
[5]. CHEN, Y. N. et al. (2006), “E-Government Strategies in Developed and Developing Countries: An Implementation Framework and Case Study,” Journal of Global Information Management, Vol:14, No:1, pp.23-46, Copyright, Idea Group Inc.
[6]. CHUA, J. (2012), “The e-Transformation Journey of Singapore,” Chapter 2, Springer New York.
[7]. DADA, D. (2006), “The Failure of E-Government in Developing Countries: A Literature Review,” The Electronic journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, Vol:26, No:7, pp.1-10
[8]. DAVIS, F. D. (1989) “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and User Acceptance of Information Technology”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 319- 339
[9]. DELONE, W. H. and MCLEAN, E. R. (1992) “Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable”, Information Systems Research, Vol.:3, No:1, pp. 60-95
[10]. ELKADI, H. (2013), “Success and failure factors for e-government projects: A case from Egypt,” Egyptian Informatics Journal, Vol:14, pp.165–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2013.06.002
[11]. EVANS, D. and YEN, D. C. (2006), “E-Government: Evolving relationship of citizens and government, domestic, and international development,” Government Information Quarterly Vol:23, pp.207–235. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2005.11.004
[12]. FINGER, M and PÉCOUD, G. (2003), “From e-Government to eGovernance? Towards a model of e-Governance,” Electronic Journal of eGovernment, Vol:1, No:1, pp.52-62), available online at www.ejeg.com
[13]. GICHOYA, D. (2005) “Factors Affecting the Successful Implementation of ICT Projects in Government” The Electronic Journal of e-Government, Vol:3, No:4, pp 175-184, available online at www.ejeg.com
[14]. HEEKS, R. (2002), “Information Systems and Developing Countries: Failure, Success, and Local Improvisations,” The Information Society, Vol:18, pp.101– 112, copyright Taylor & Francis 0197-2243/02 DOI: 10.1080/0197224029007503 9
[15]. HUANG, W. et al. (2002), “An empirical investigation of the adoption of e-government in Australian citizens: some unexpected research findings” Journal of Computer Information Systems, Vol:43, No:1, pp.15-22.
[16]. HUNG, S. Y. et al. (2006), “Determinants of user acceptance of the e-government services: The case of online tax filing and payment system”, Government Information Quarterly, Vol:23, pp.97-122.
[17]. KE, W. (2004), “Successful e-Government in Singapore. How did Singapore manage to get most of its public services deliverable online?” article in communications of the acm • June doi: 10.1145/990680.990687
[18]. MUTULA, S. M. (2013), “e-Government Divide: Implications for sub-Saharan Africa,”In Information Ethics for Africa: Cross-cutting Themes. Pretoria: ACEIE, pp.59-69
[19]. NDOU, V. (2004), “E-Government for Developing Countries: Opportunities and Challenges”, The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, Vol:26, No:1, pp.1-24
[20]. NKOHKWO, Q. N. and ISLAM, S. M. (2013), “Challenges to the Successful Implementation of e-Government Initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review” Electronic Journal of e-Government, Vol:11, No:2, pp253- 253, available online at www.ejeg.com
[21]. OJO, J. S. (2014), “E-Governance: An imperative for sustainable grass root development in Nigeria,” Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research. Vol 6, No:4, pp. 77-89. DOI: 10.5897/ JPAPR2013.0264
[22]. RORISSA, A. and DEMISSIE, D. (2010), “An analysis of African eGovernment service websites,” Government Information Quarterly Vol:27, pp.161–169. 0740-624X/$, Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2009.12.003
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[25]. STAHL, B. C. (2005), “The Paradigm of E-Commerce in E-Government and E-Democracy,” Copyright Idea Group Inc.
[26]. WANG, Y. and LIAO, Y. (2008), “Assessing eGovernment systems success: A validation of the DeLone and McLean model of information systems success,” Government Information Quarterly, Vol:25, pp.717–733. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2007.06.002

Conferences and Working Paper Proceedings

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[30]. GAO, P. and GUNAWONG, P. (2014), “Understanding e-Government Failure from an Actor-Network Perspective: The Demise of the Thai Smart ID Card,” Centre for Development Informatics Institute for Development Policy and Management, SEED. University of Manchester. The iGovernment working paper series
[31]. HEEKS, R.and SANTOS, R. (2009), “Understanding Adoption of eGovernment: Principals, Agents and Institutional Dualism,” Centre for Development Informatics Institute for Development Policy and Management, SED. University of Manchester. The iGovernment working paper series. Paper No. 19
[32]. HEEKS, R. (2001), “Understanding e-Governance for Development,” Institute for Development Policy and Management. University of Manchester, iGovernment working paper series. Paper No. 11. View/Download from: http://www.man.ac.uk/idpm/idpm_dp.htm#ig
[33]. HEEKS, R. (2003), “Most eGovernment-for-Development Projects Fail: How Can Risks be Reduced?” Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester. iGovernment Working Paper Series. Paper No. 14
[34]. KIM, R. (2012), “Institutions and e-Government Development: Trends and Issues,” EGovernment Technical paper. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM)
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[37]. LESSA, L. et al. (2012), “Steering e-Government Projects from Failure to Success: Using Design-Reality Gap Analysis as a Mid-Implementation Assessment Tool,” Centre for Development Informatics Institute for Development Policy and Management, SED University of Manchester. The iGovernment working paper series. Paper No. 22
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Malang B.S. Bojang “Challenges and Successes of E-Government Development in Developing Countries: A Theoretical Review of the Literature” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.410-414 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/410-414.pdf

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Democratization and Electoral Violence in Nigeria: A case of Sokoto State

Isah Musa Yusuf – April 2019 Page No.: 415-421

I. INTRODUCTION
Since the onset of the wave of democratization in parts of the world, sequel to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the wind of political changes that swept through Eastern Europe, many countries have made attempts, even if feeble in some cases, to come to terms with the necessity of enthroning a project of democratization (Umar, 2009). In this respect, Nigeria has not been left out of the bandwagon of democratization. Evidently though, at independence in 1960, the country experimented with parliamentary democracy fashioned after the British model which was later bedeviled by electoral crises. Beginning from 1964/65 general elections, violence became a major feature of electoral politics in the country. Thus, it was after thirteen (13) years of military rule (1966-1979) that the Federal Military Government of Nigeria (FMGN) handed over to a new civilian government on October I, 1979 and Nigeria’s Second Republic was born amidst great expectations (Kurfi, 2005 cited in Omotosho, 2008:1).

Page(s): 415-421                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 15 May 2019

 Isah Musa Yusuf
Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, UsmanuDanfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria

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[5]. Ake, C. (2000). Revolutionary Pressures in Africa. Port-Harcourt: Longman Group Ltd.
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Isah Musa Yusuf “Democratization and Electoral Violence in Nigeria: A case of Sokoto State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.415-421 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/415-421.pdf

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The Debate around Civil Society in Africa: A Replica of “Western Civil Society”

Malang B.S. Bojang – April 2019 Page No.: 422-426

In search of answers to locate what is wrong with African civil societies, this study seeks to evaluate and critically explore contemporary debates surrounding civil society organizations in Africa. The study also aimed to ascertain whether African civil society organizations are replica of the Western civil societies. Much of the received wisdom on civil society discourse is that it enhances liberal democracy by widening citizens participations in political processes, eradicate poverty and fill the void created by state deficiencies. Yet civil society in many African countries is faced with doubts on its usefulness, origin and application in the continent. These uncertainties surrounding civil society often centered on its legitimacy, autonomy, authority and purpose. In Africa, civil society legitimacy and freedom can only be guarantee if they are transparent and accountable, in other words, they need to be democratic institutions; and they need to address accusations of manipulation for political or personal gain. While this study acknowledged the strength and effectiveness of civil society in Africa but still has a long road ahead to becoming a powerful voice on public policy or enhance democracy in the continent.

Page(s): 422-426                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 15 May 2019

 Malang B.S. Bojang
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Kocaeli University, Turkey

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Malang B.S. Bojang “The Debate around Civil Society in Africa: A Replica of “Western Civil Society”” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 4, pp.422-426 April 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-4/422-426.pdf

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