Ghana is a signatory to all International and Regional Conventions and Declarations which protect the child from abuse, meanness and callous treatments. To institutionalize child rights, Ghana through the Ghana Education Service and the Ministry of Education enacted legislations which prohibited the use of corporal punishment in all first and second cycle institutions. However, upon its implementation, there has been an upsurge of students’ unrest in first and second cycle schools in the country. This has become a major source of worry to key stakeholders in education including school heads, school administrators, teachers, parents and even some students. This indeed has ignited the need to explore how the ban of corporal punishment has fueled indiscipline among students. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The target population was 5089 comprising eight schools in the Sekyere South and Sekyere Central Districts in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A sample of 975 students, assistant headmasters (domestic), teachers and guidance and counselling coordinators was arrived via mixed sampling techniques. The study established that the ban of corporal punishment in senior high schools in Ghana has fueled indiscipline acts among students. Also, the study found that there are lots of negative consequences such as vandalism and cheating in exams due to the ban of corporal punishment in schools. Again, the study ascertained that teachers have a negative attitude unlike students who showed a positive attitude towards the ban of corporal punishment. The study therefore submits that to effectively resolve indiscipline problems in schools, the Ministry of Education and the Ghana Education Service must involve relevant stakeholders such as head teachers, teachers, students and parents on alternative disciplinary measures that can effectively deal with indiscipline acts in schools.
Page(s): 01-07 Date of Publication: 05 July 2021
Download PDF
The study examined the effect of internal audit practices on aggregate fiscal discipline of government organizations in Nigeria. The study achieved these specific objectives and more: determination of the effect of risk assessment on aggregate fiscal discipline of public expenditure management. The population of the study consist of 350 staff in the five surveyed government organizations in Nigeria. The study through the use of Monkey Survey, sampled 310 respondents from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and validly used 310 respondents representing 89% response rate for data analysis. Risk assessment, Asset safeguard and Auditor’s independence were used as the dimensions of internal audit practices in this study. The study used Aggregate fiscal discipline as both dependent and measurable variable. The study used a questionnaire to elicit information from the respondents. The study applied descriptive and inferential statistical tools to analyze the data and test the hypotheses with the help of SPSS 22.0. The study found that risk assessment has significant effect on aggregate fiscal discipline; asset safeguard has significant effect on aggregate fiscal discipline and auditors’ independence has no significant effect on aggregate fiscal discipline. The study concludes that the use of internal audit instills aggregate fiscal discipline in government organizations’ staff. As government organizations apply asset safeguard it translates to positive and insignificant effect on aggregate fiscal discipline of government organizations. The study therefore recommends that government organizations’ staff should update their knowledge with respect to internal audit practices. Government organizations should encourage auditor independence in order to boost aggregate fiscal discipline in public sector organizations.
Page(s): 08-28 Date of Publication: 05 July 2021
Download PDF
Affect includes every aspect related to feelings, emotions, moods, sensations etc. that people encounter in their lives. University students experience a rich variety of such feelings, emotions, moods and sensations in academic settings. They are also frequently subjected to emotional upheaval due to various reasons, specifically within the initial phase of their university life. Emotions experienced by students in academic settings are believed to play a major role in their academic success and achievement. However, the attention given to the role of emotions in educational settings, particularly in Second Language (L2) learning is seemingly at a low level. Therefore, the study explored the impact of academic emotions on L2 learning with a special focus on first year Undergraduate Officer Cadets studying in a defence university in Sri Lanka. This investigation took the form of a case study that subsumes a mixed methods research design. Both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather, analyse and interpret data were integrated at each stage of the study to avoid inherent biases and limitations of using only one method. Results suggested that especially during the first year, the students frequently encounter many adjustment problems due to the nature of their training, language issues and personal attributes. What appeared to be impacted mostly on real learning in this context was intrinsic motivation. Though manifestation of positive emotions inside the classroom was found to have a positive impact on students’ performance, it was exposed that in educational settings where rigorous physical training is a necessity, the will power and determination gained through the experience of negative emotions seemed to assist the students to perform better in classroom activities, presentations and at exams than the impact made by the experience of positive emotions. It is therefore, recommended the university staff members to intervene in assisting the undergraduates in coping with their emotional struggles only in the right place and at the right time, as enough room should be given to the students to learn from their own affective experiences.
Page(s): 29-38 Date of Publication: 06 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5601Download PDF
Efforts for stolen asset recovery as a result of criminal acts of corruption are always not an easy task. This is because the corruption offenders have many broad access and they are difficult to reach in terms of hiding or money laundering. Stolen assets recovery from corruption are increasingly difficult to do because the so called save haven has crossed the country’s territorial boundaries and as an organized crime, even corruption often involves corporations as the perpetrator. Method research used normative legal model. Sources of data in this study were secondary data. The data was collected by using literature study and interviews, while the data analysis technique used was qualitative normative methods. The result of this research is that arrangement and position of state attorneys in efforts to recover state assets due to criminal acts of corruption play a very important role. Prosecutors as state lawyers have a role to enforce the law by filing a lawsuit or petition to the Court in the civil field as stipulated by statutory regulations in order to maintain legal order, and protect the interests of the country and government as well as the civil rights of the people.
Page(s): 39-42 Date of Publication: 06 July 2021
Download PDF
This paper sought to study the demographic dynamics in the Nigerian economy as it affects the development process of the country. The study specifically investigated the determining factors of population growth in Nigeria, along with the effect of infant mortality on fertility rate. The study employed the ordinary least squares regression and threshold regression analysis in achieving the set objectives. The data for the study were obtained from World Development Indicators and they covered the period of 1970 to 2017. The result of the study revealed that the determining factors of population growth in Nigeria are crude birth rate and infant mortality rate. Also, a positive and significant effect of infant mortality on fertility rate was observed. The optimal threshold of crude birth rate was obtained to be 41.62%, while the optimal population growth level that is sustainable for economic development was estimated to be 2.50%. The paper concluded that there is need to maintain an optimal population growth that will be consistent with the available resources is sustainable economic development is to be achieved.
Page(s): 43-50 Date of Publication: 06 July 2021
Download PDF
As the region’s leading influence, Kenya is among the few African countries that have enjoyed relative peace since independence. Kenya’s pivotal role in the greater Horn of Africa has been instrumental in improving regional security. The nation’s influence in the areas of intelligence, counterterrorism, and personal protection has immensely contributed to the war on terror through progressive defeat of prominent extremist organizations and terror groups such as the Al-Shabaab. Moreover, Kenya is the leading hub for technological advancement and innovation within the East Africa region, with a vibrant and progressive economy. With its election as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, Kenya has gained enviable status among nations as an instrumental country in world politics and peace making. This status has increased the country’s position as one that can influence the geopolitics and security situation in greater Horn of Africa region. Thus, Kenya’s capacity to influence and enforce stability in the Horn of Africa has exponentially increased through the years. This article will examine Kenya’s contribution to peace and stability in the Horn of Africa region.
Page(s): 51-54 Date of Publication: 07 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5602Download PDF
The World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a public health emergency of international concern in 2019. This study focuses on the impact of coronavirus on women who are mothers, in Sri Lanka. The objectives of the study were to identify the psychological and social effects experienced by mothers during periods of lockdown and to evaluate their life experience in the current context. The study sample consisted of 340 mothers from different geographical areas. They were categorized as Working and House Mothers. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, the Health Cube Survey-Coronavirus 2019 (Stueck 2020) and a self-developed questionnaire about social relationships and related problems. The results of the study showed that Coronavirus has life-threatening implications which have an overall negative impact on the mothers’ psychological wellbeing and social life. Both groups of mothers had negative experiences during the lockdown period, and they reported difficult and different experiences. The Working Mothers reported more difficulties than the House Mothers, since they had to undertake several different roles/tasks in the home during lockdown, such as childcare, working from home and online learning/teaching while dealing with turmoil within the family. Both groups reported significant feelings of helplessness, emotional pain and anxiety about the safety of the family. They also experienced feelings of loss with regard to their social relationships and family members, together with feelings of isolation. Both groups of mothers reported significant changes in their lives, including negative emotions of meaninglessness, insecurity, confusion and sadness. However, the House Mothers reported more negative life evaluations than the Working Mothers. They also reported a significant increase in domestic violence during the lockdown period, as compared to the past. Therefore, persons who fall ill with coronavirus and quarantine persons should have access to online counselling and awareness programs to enhance their social and emotional wellbeing and to improve their quality of life. The government and the private sector should invest in resources relating the professionals to offer online or mobile telephone counselling for patients suffering from coronavirus as well as for persons quarantined at home, in order to improve their social and psychological wellbeing.
Page(s): 55-60 Date of Publication: 07 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5603Download PDF
Despite the efforts put in by the government to oversee the introduction of the public procurement and disposal act of 2015 and the integrated financial management system, public institutions have continued to lose public funds through dubious procurement practices. The main aim of his study was to assess the influence that ethical practices have on the procurement performance of Kenyan state corporations with a case study of KenGen. A descriptive research design was used for this study. The population for the study included 381 procurement officers, procurement actuarial, and quantity surveyors at KenGen. Probabilistic sampling through the Yamane formula was used to arrive at a sample of 195 respondents. A questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection administered by the researcher inperson. Data collected was then analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Results of the study were presented on tables and interpretation done narratively.The study found that there are bidders present during tenders opening as shown by a mean of 4.14. The study also found a (β=0.319, t=5.281 and p-value=0.001) between tendering transparency and procurement performance. The study concluded that tendering transparency had a positive and significant influence on procurement performance.The study recommended the continuous publication of tenders, continuous appraisal of tenders by auditors, public participation of bidders during the opening of bids by ensuring that tenders are not tampered with during opening.
Page(s): 61-66 Date of Publication: 07 July 2021
Download PDF
Sustainable design currently is becoming a more and more popular and foreseeable perspective of viewing products. Besides, a biomimicry is a science work that studies on nature’s ways and then imitates these designs for human problem-solving. Biomimicry moreover can be categories into three different levels: Nature as a model, Nature as a measure, and Nature as a mentor. Thus, the research is carried out by using qualitative research methods to look on how nature’s masterpieces pattern would be used as an interfaces for kitchenware product (ceramic) that further presenting a brand for Pahang’s National Park. The kitchenware design is based on systematic analysis of local nature patterns collected from plants, fish, and flora within the area of Kuala Keniam, Pahang’s National Park.This new set of design kitchenware product visibly significant defines the relationship of nature, and can be applied to practical design to enhance and support visual communication.
Page(s): 67-70 Date of Publication: 07 July 2021
Download PDF
The study examined vessel turnaround time in Eastern Nigerian ports. The study adopted a survey research design. Three hundred and eleven questionnaire were administered to operational staff of Eastern Nigerian ports, and oral interviews were conducted using simple random sampling technique across the Ports. A direct emailing system was utilised to administer respondents questionnaire directly and available data obtained were analysed descriptively. The study findings revealed that container terminal performance in Eastern Nigerian ports with regards to vessel turnaround time at its best of 2 days per vessel especially for Onne Port in recent time, followed by Rivers Port, Delta (Warri) Port, and the Calabar Port in that order of efficiency. The PPMC analysis revealed that the rho outcome of 0.798 @ p0.000 <0.05 reveals that there is a strong significant relationship between port infrastructure and vessel turnaround time in Eastern Nigerian ports, which infer that the null hypothesis was rejected and alternate hypothesis was accepted indicating that; there is a significant relationship between port infrastructure and vessel turnaround time in Eastern Nigerian ports. The study concluded that vessel turnaround time has a global standard duration of 24 hours per vessel, hence the need for total improvement across the Eastern Ports. Port managers should improve on port automation orientation of their ports by encouraging the use of efficient work information and communication technology systems in order to improve on vessel turnaround time among others port performance indicators. Port managers should institutionalise port automation that will improve cargo turnaround time in the various sea-port so as to increase the income generation activities of port, thereby improving the nation’s economy.
Page(s): 71-74 Date of Publication: 07 July 2021
Download PDF
The study was an attempt assesses the role of women during COVID 19 lockdown. From the findings it has been established that when disasters happen, existing inequalities for women and girls and discrimination intensify. Working women who were operating from home have proved to be in a dilemma of balancing work, mother and wife duties under the same roof. Their reproductive and community linked duties remained critical despite the evolution of the covid-19 pandemic. The informal sector has been hard hit as the majority of the middle as well as lower classes of people sorely rely on it for survival. It was exaggerated by the imposed lockdown condition in order to curb the spread of coronavirus. People were not allowed to go to work, go to the markets, cross borders and or visit the malls or entering town if not among the ‘essential service providers’. Female commercial sex workers’ tools of their trade as well as their clients were usually found in the public spaces but the rules of the game made a spontaneous turn making them more vulnerable to risky way of business. There is notable increase in domestic violence as social interaction hours in the home have increased which was alien to most working couples. As a result women have suffered the most.
Page(s): 75-79 Date of Publication: 08 July 2021
Download PDF
Personality Disorder is a mental health disorder recognized by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Mental Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). Personality Disorder refers to personality characteristics that, for a prolonged period, are maladaptive, inflexible, and pervasive in many contexts, causing severe discomfort and disability. The study was DSM-5 lists three clusters of personality disorders with ten specific disorders in those categories. An adolescent must meet the DSM-5 requirements to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. The primary aim of this article is to review research documenting the underlying mental health problems in personality disorders amongst adolescents and, to evaluate research on potential intervention for such disorders. Eligibility criteria: This systematic review has exclusion and inclusion criteria that were applied to the search results of publication within the last 20 years and included personality and adolescence in the title. Results: Nineteen studies were considered out of sixty (60) primary studies, of which 19 (31.66%) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The primary studies reviewed personality disorder in childhood/adolescence and the screening for personality disorder in adolescents and impaired functioning from adolescence to adulthood. Personality Disorder was predominately measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis II disorders (n = 9), the Diagnostic Interview for GHQ & SIPP (n = 2), and DSM criteria based psychiatric evaluation (n = 8). The primary studies utilized cross-sectional, case-control. Studies comprised a mix of clinical and non-clinical populations and ranged in duration from 10 to 24 years. Conclusions: Adolescent personality has significant genetics and environmental impact. This systematic review shows that many adolescents display behaviour to a certain degree, making it challenging to differentiate mental health disorder and normal adolescent behaviour from a personality disorder. A significant clue is when adolescents have recurrent issues or defiance and when these behaviours are getting more severe. Adolescents at risk of PDs may also be having substance abuse disorder, including alcohol, which exacerbates depression or anxiety. The self-reported data provided very few cases that met diagnostic requirements for personality disorders in adolescence. Hence, more studiesare still needed.
Page(s): 80-89 Date of Publication: 08 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5604Download PDF
The issue of fake drugs is a global threat, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Thus, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), among other strategies, launched a Mobile Authentication Service (MAS) scheme that enables the public to authenticate drugs at the point of purchase using scratch codes and SMS. The study examined the level of public awareness, knowledge, and use of MAS in eradicating fake drugs in South-East Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed-methods research of Survey and Key Informant Interviews (KII). The data gathered from 400 respondents via a structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis, while the transcripts from KII were thematically analysed. The analysed data reveals a low level of awareness, knowledge, and use of MAS among respondents, especially in rural areas. Some challenges faced by the respondents in the use of MAS include a low level of awareness and knowledge of MAS, poor network services, elitist nature of the campaign messages on MAS, and partial access to MAS among drug manufacturers. The data also reveal strategies towards enhancing the operations of MAS to ensure its efficiency in eradicating fake drugs in Nigeria. The study, therefore, concludes that the level of public awareness, knowledge, and use of MAS is relatively low, especially in rural areas. The study found that the use of MAS if enhanced is an efficient scheme in eradicating fake drugs in Nigeria.
Page(s): 90-98 Date of Publication: 08 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5605Download PDF
The study objective was to determine the validity and reliability of the test items used to measure understanding of multiple representations. For this purpose, quantitative methods are applied. Participants were first-year students of the Chemistry Department, Education and Teacher Training Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, who took the Basic Chemistry course I (specifically solubility, redox, and hydrocarbons). The test was followed voluntarily. Before determining the validity and reliability of each test, the Multiple Representation Understanding Test (MRUT) was developed, which was conducted in five stages. MRUT contains 20 items, and its validity is determined using Pearson Product Moment (PPM). Valid test items are nine where rcount 0.3128-0.7145. The nine-item tests are reliable, and Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.701 to 0.769 (moderate-high).
Page(s): 99-104 Date of Publication: 08 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5606Download PDF
The introduction of the Competence-based Curriculum (CBC) in Zimbabwe meant a shift on the general aims and objectives of the education system as stipulated in the Curriculum Framework for Primary Secondary Education, 2015-2022. The framework quotes post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and other international conventions as drivers of the educational reforms. Agenda 2030 comprises 17 SDGs. This study focused on sustainable SDG 4.7 and the transformation of education from an academic oriented curriculum to one that is skills-based. The transformation meant changes in the way students were assessed and consequently change in expectations by higher education from the prospective students. However, the administration of public examinations remains a critical measure of the teaching and learning that is taking place in the schools. Advanced level examinations administered by Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) are the prime measure of learner success as they act as the chief benchmark for grading, selection and placement of learners into various stations of their destiny. The study qualitatively examined Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (MoPSE) ZIMSEC assessment framework documents and workshops held between (2017-2020) in which 3 977 stake holders participated. Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development (MHTEISTD) and MoPSE were in agreement with the ESD policies, desired outcomes and direction in which education in Zimbabwe should take. Both ministries introduced and adopted curriculum action plans for sustainable transformation of the education system and have made strides in this regard through Education 5.0 and CBC frameworks. However, MoPSE-ZIMSEC has not been able to fully implement CBC since its inception as a result A-level graduates are proceeding to higher education without some competencies and skills being assessed. There is need to propel coordinated approaches in transforming and implementing educational changes by both ministries to meet the targets for Agenda 2030. Higher education has to strategically position itself to receive the new student, so that efforts made at lower levels in preparing them for the future are not in vein at point of entry.
Page(s): 105-112 Date of Publication: 09 July 2021
Download PDF
In Africa, regional integration appeared to be a viable means to achieve socio-economic stability and facilitate the integration of the economies of newly independent African countries in the world global economy; with the Abuja treaty of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) now the African Union designating eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the building blocks of the African Economic Community (AEC). In West Africa, economic decline and decay were the major catalysts for social change characterised by socio-economic and political turmoil enmeshed in increased poverty, chronic food shortages, expanded indebtedness, worsening balance of payments, and internecine wars (Anadi, 2005). Therefore, in search of new strategies for the attainment of all round sustainable development, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was established for economic revitalization across the West African region and has offered the only practical means for building more viable national economies (Onyia, 1995).
Page(s): 113-120 Date of Publication: 09 July 2021
Download PDF
Human fertility is a function of various factors that contribute to population dynamics. It may be defined as the actual reproductive performance of a woman. Fertility is a major public health concern because it affects economic productivity, growth of the population and other social facilities. This study aims to find the demographic, socio economic, cultural and health related factors that affect the fertility of reproductive aged women in Sri Lanka. The study was based on a Sri Lankan demographic and health survey (SLDHS) conducted in 2016. The sample consisted of 11, 201 ever married women within reproductive ages ranging from 15 to 49 years. Among the considered social, demographic, cultural and health-related factors, the statistical analysis which was conducted employing chi-square tests and logistic regression models revealed that, socio-demographic factors such as the woman’s residential district, ethnicity, wealth index, education level, occupation, and partner’s education level and working status were found to have a significant effect on odds of having at least the required fertility level for her age at 5% level of significance. The odds of having at least the required fertility level for her age of a woman belonging to the lowest quintile of wealth index was 48.1% more than that of a woman belonging to the highest quintile of wealth index. The results revealed by this study will be beneficial for relevant authorities when organizing awareness programs on fertility for ever married women in Sri Lanka.
Page(s): 121-129 Date of Publication: 09 July 2021
Download PDF
The study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices among nurses on performance appraisal system at two district hospitals in Zimbabwe. A survey design was used. A questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect data. The sample was chosen using the non-probability method of convenience. Data was presented on tables and analyzed using descriptive statistics and themes. The findings showed that some nurses were trained in performance appraisals whilst others were not. Most nurses indicated that they were not adequately trained on the appraisal system. The majority understood the purpose and objectives of the system but they did not have adequate knowledge. The nurses viewed the system as necessary and commented that it has improved their work. However, the process of writing was viewed as stressful and time consuming. Although the system was being practiced in hospitals, most indicated that it was difficult to implement because of pressure of work, lack of knowledge and the paper work involved. The nurses complained that the system has not been followed by an increase in their remuneration. The study recommends the need for a continuous training of nurses on appraisal system. To be viable nurses who do well according to the system should be rewarded appropriately so that they are motivated to work hard. Research on how the system affects relations in hospitals is recommended.
Page(s): 130-134 Date of Publication: 09 July 2021
Download PDF
The study examined United States-Venezuela relations and economic development 2017-2020. The theory that was used for the study was the hegemonic theory by Antonio Gramsci. The ex- post facto research design was used for the study. Accordingly, data was sourced through secondary sources like, textbooks, newspaper, journal articles, textbooks, and internet. Qualitatively analyses were used to analyse the data, although figures and tables were presented where required. Evidences drawn from these sources were prudently examined in order to establish a reasonable trend from which inferences were drawn. The study found that Venezuela has promoted new regional cooperation arrangements that deliberately excluded US and that through the executive orders that was issued by Donald Trump the government of Venezuelan has been prohibited from accessing US financial markets. The study suggested among others that US should stop sanctioning Venezuela as these have affected the economic development of Venezuela and United States must not intervene in the activities of Venezuela as this has divided the country which is not healthy for the development of any nation.
Page(s): 135-145 Date of Publication: 09 July 2021
Download PDF
This article discusses current issues of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) specifically focusing on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG4) on quality in education. The SDGs form part of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for sustainable development which was unanimously adopted in 2015 by all UN member states as a plan of action for sustainable development. Special focus of the article is on Sustainable Development Goal 4, which is oriented towards the achievement of educational quality within a lifelong framework. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals propose that ESD has the potential to increase knowledge and strategies to meet Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and the needs of society which is the specific focus of SDG4 which strives on quality education. This article critically assesses how Zimbabwe higher education works towards achieving SDG4 which seeks to ensure quality education. In this article I argue that, ESD empowers learners to take informed decisions and responsible actions for environmental integrity, economic viability for present and future generations. Quality, sustainable and development education supports knowledge driven economic growth strategies and poverty eradication by generating new knowledge, building the capacity to assess existing stores of global knowledge and adapt that knowledge to local use. In this article we explore the achievement of SDG4 mapping insights from structure and agency approaches and theoretical view point. The article demonstrates that critical realist theory of structure and agency perspectives can contribute towards enabling and constraining the achievement of ESD. The theoretical view point contributes towards the understanding and achievement of transformation towards sustainability and can help to ensure a deeper understanding of current issues, relating to ESD and specifically on quality higher education.
Page(s): 146-154 Date of Publication: 09 July 2021
Download PDF
Practical oriented education was not foreign to indigenous education systems. Precolonial education ideology focused on promoting productivity and practicality. Given current challenges, contemporary education systems can deduct from fertile African cultural heritage to mitigate educational shortfalls promoting unproductivity and unemployment. Contemporary Zimbabwe education, if not most of Africa, from primary to Tertiary level lacks emphasis of practical skills. Yet one can argue that, practical subjects/skills are the foundational cornerstone of sustainable productivity and socioeconomic development. Many curricular obstacles hinder promotion and teaching of diverse practical subjects. At the top of several hindrances is lack of supportive infrastructure for effective practical subjects teaching; and lack of practical subjects teachers given absence of a pro-practicals teacher college education in Zimbabwe. Most persistent hindrance is the history driven ideology associated with practical subjects. The purpose of this qualitative study through analysis of published literature was to determine the cause of above-mentioned hindrances. This study discovered a limited inclination towards practical subjects by the current Zimbabwe education system and related practical subject’s pedagogy. Therefore, one can conclude logically that, limited teaching of practical subjects in most schooling levels highly affects productivity of active citizens contributing towards national sustainable growth. Hence, there is a need for practical subjects’ access diversification at all schooling levels and train relevant teachers towards that end.
Page(s): 155-159 Date of Publication: 09 July 2021
Download PDF
The collaboration between a knowledge hub and a product incubator is increasingly perceived as a vehicle to enhance innovation and business incubation through knowledge and technology exchange. This is evidenced by a significant increase in researches that investigate the collaboration phenomenon from different perspectives. However, the body of knowledge is still fragmented and lacking an efficient comprehensive view that can widely be considered as the engine of economic growth. A sample of volunteered (Murairwa, 2015) 12 knowledge hubs and 60 product incubators was selected. The research employed systematic procedures to review the literature and analyse researchers’ perspectives on the collaboration between industry and universities. The research designed a questionnaire with closed and a few open-ended questions and collected data from volunteering knowledge hubs and incubators. The data was analysed in Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). The research discovered key aspects underpinning the collaboration theory. These aspects were integrated into an overarching pragmatic knowledge hub and product incubator collaboration (PKHPIC) framework that can provide a substantial contribution to the understanding of the university – industry collaboration and literature in the research area.
Page(s): 160-168 Date of Publication: 10 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5607Download PDF
This study examined the impacts of monetary policy transmission mechanisms on the liquidity of Nigerian capital market from 2006-2020. The required data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. Capital market liquidity is the dependent variable while the independent variables are; treasury bill rate, savings rate, net domestic credit, exchange rate and inflation rate. The Ordinary Least Square multiple regressions with econometric view were used as data analysis techniques. The study found that monetary policy transmission mechanism does not have significant impact on the liquidity of the capital market as against the findings of Akani and Imegi (2017). Also, all the channels of monetary policy transmission mechanisms have positive relationship with capital market liquidity except exchange rate. It therefore recommends that exchange rate should be worked upon so as to enhance the liquidity of Nigerian capital market in view of its negative impact on the capital market liquidity
Page(s): 169-174 Date of Publication: 10 July 2021
Download PDF
The research investigated the extent of accessibility of various health information sources, assess the extent of versatility of Clinical Core Skills and Clinical Decision Making of Medical Doctors in OAUTH, Ile-Ife. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. The population for the study consisted of all the 822 Medical Doctors of various professional status and specializations in (OAUTH), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Four hundred and eleven (411) Medical Doctors formed the sample for this study. Proportionate sampling technique was used to assigned sample size to each area of specialization to ensure fair representation. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select sampled size assigned to each area of specialization. The survey instrument used to collect data was questionnaire titled “Health Information Resources, Clinical Core Skills and Clinical Decision Making of Medical Doctors (AHIRCCKDM) Data collected were analyzed using appropriate frequency count, mean and standard deviation. The findings indicated that health information resources for clinical decision making were accessible and used to a very high extent. The study concluded that Health Information were accessed and used for Clinical Decision Making among Medical Doctors in OAUTH. The study recommended that the university should make funds available for the OAUTH management to enable her procure modern health information equipment that will enhance easy accessibility of health information and enrich the routine Clinical Decision Making among Medical Doctors in OAUTH.
Page(s): 175-184 Date of Publication: 10 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5608Download PDF
The effect Of Reward System on Employee Job Satisfaction With Work Motivation as Intervening Variable. The objectives of this study are: 1). This is to find out how the reward system affects the employee performance of the Procurement of Goods / Services at the Serdang Bedagai Regency Government. 2). To find out how the influence of work motivation on employee performance in the procurement of goods / services at the government of Serdang Bedagai district. 3). This is to find out how the reward system affects the performance of employees in the procurement of goods / services at the Serdang Bedagai Regency Government with work motivation as an intervening variable. This research was conducted in January 2020 at the Office of the Procurement of Goods / Services of the Government of Serdang Bedagai Regency. The results of this study indicate. (1) It can be seen that the magnitude of the adjusted R square value is 0.146 or 14.6%. This shows that if the reward system (X) can explain work motivation (Z) by 14.6%, the remaining 85.4% (100% – 14.6%) is explained by other variables outside of this research model. (2) The results of the t test (partial) show that tcount (1.628) 0.05, It can be concluded that the first hypothesis is rejected, meaning that the reward system variable (X) has no significant on work motivation (Z). (3) The results of the t test (partial) show that the value of t (5.737)> t table (2.034), and the significance value of 0.00 <0.05, it can be concluded that the second hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the reward system (X) has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y). (4) The results of the path analysis test show that the direct effect of variable X on variable Y is 0.722. Meanwhile, the indirect effect through variable Z is 0.273 x 0.023 = 0.0627. From the calculation results obtained, it shows that the indirect effect through variable Z is smaller than the direct effect on variable Y.
Page(s): 185-192 Date of Publication: 12 July 2021
Download PDF
The logistical companies have a complex supply chain management (SCM) that requires huge resources to implement because of the scope of internal functions as well as external parties’ operations. This study investigated the influence of process improvement on performance of Consolbase limited. A descriptive design survey was used for the study. The study population was the employees at the Consolbase Limited in the two branches offices. The study used stratified sampling method to sample the respondents. The study sample size was 130 respondents which was determined using Slovenes formula. Piloting was done to determine reliability and validity by use of 10 respondents. The data was collected by the use of questionnaires as the primary data collection instrument. The study established that process management had a positive and significant influence on organizational performance. The study concluded process improvement enables the organization to optimize existing business processes in order to meet best market standards and improve customer experience. The study recommends that the organization should conduct process improvement on a regular basis as a part of a business strategy. Define and deploy strong business processes to engage employees in a valuable way by distributing responsibility and accountability closer to the work itself.
Page(s): 193-197 Date of Publication: 12 July 2021
Download PDF
For the last 5 years, the real estate in Kenya has been affected negatively by financial crisis that affected the entire world. There has been also a massive expansion of the real estate that calls for innovation and new strategies by the stakeholders in the sector for them to keep abreast with the challenges. Therefore, this study sought to assess the effect of innovation strategies on real estate firms’ performance in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to; determine how Process Innovation Strategy, Product Differentiation Strategy, Technology Strategy, and Innovative Customer Service Strategy influences performance of real estate firms in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya. This study used census method since the population was small and the firms were easily accessible. Primary data for this study was collected using copies of questionnaire as its key instrument. SPSS version 25 then aided in analyzing data as it was most apposite and user-friendly for analyzing attitudinal responses that are management related. Data collected was then analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and presented using frequency distribution tables and figures. The findings revealed that 90.3% of the total variance in the dependent variable (Performance of Real Estate Firms) could be significantly explained by combined independent variables (Process Innovation Strategy, Product Differentiation Strategy, Technology Strategy, and Innovative Customer Service Strategy). The study therefore concluded that Process Innovation, Product Differentiation, Technology, and Innovative Customer Service Strategies had significant positive effect on the performances of real estate firms in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya. Therefore, the study recommended that the firms should make use of these strategies so as to boost their performance.
Page(s): 198-206 Date of Publication: 12 July 2021
Download PDF
This study was designed to analyze the relevance of new crop varieties and the challenges faced by Santa farmers, North West Region of Cameroon. Primary data were collected from 115 farmers involved in the cultivation of new seed varieties using purposive random sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).The results showed that 45.8% of farmers’ main difficulty encountered for cultivating new crop varieties was difficulty in multiplying seeds successfully. Also, 25.2% of farmers complained of not having access to large lands needed for cultivation. Furthermore, the introduction of new crop varieties led to the gradual disappearance of local seeds which automatically changed many people’s eaten habits in Santa. Despite the challenges faced, the study found that 61.6% of farmers adopted new varieties because it increased their productivity. The results equally reported that new crop varieties equally attracted and employed majority (52.3%) of the youths from towns to villages for farming.The study strongly recommends that the government and other stake holders should focus more on providing means to which farmers can be able to multiply seeds successfully. When this is done, then farmers in Santa are sure of having seeds that can be multiplied easily without incurring so much loss. Hence, this will equally help farmers from buying seeds almost every planting season.
Page(s): 207-213 Date of Publication: 12 July 2021
Download PDF
The aim of the study is to examine the nature of daily share price and select a suitable ARIMA model to forecast the future daily share price from the previous daily share price of Chittagong Stock exchange (CSE). A random sampling method has been followed to collect the closing price of 60 companies for the period of January 2019 to December 2019 (241 trading days). Durbin-Watson test has been conducted to find the autocorrelation in each of the share prices. Then the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test has been applied to test the stationary of data and the Autocorrelation function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation function (PACF) has been calculated to determine the lag value of moving average MA(q) and autocorrelation AR(p)based on Ljung-Box Test Q, root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percent error and R-square values. After selecting ARIMA (p,d,q) model, forecasted values for each of the shares are calculated for the next 22 trading days of January 2020. Then a comparison has been made between the forecasted prices and the actual share prices by using the Goodness-of-fit Test, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Square Error (MSE) to validate the model. The result shows that the ARIMA model is applicable to forecast the daily share price of CSE.
Page(s): 214-233 Date of Publication: 12 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5609Download PDF
This study aims to examine the effect of employee salary, job stability, and job enrichment on employee commitment to the manufacturing industry in Batam with job satisfaction as mediation. The object of research is employees who work in manufacturing companies in the city of Batam. The sampling technique used random sampling by using questionnaires for data collection by distributing questionnaires directly and partly through google forms, because not all companies and employees can be found directly during this pandemic. The data that has been collected was tested using Smart PLS version 3.0 to test the validity of the reliability and hypothesis testing. The results showed that job stability and job enrichment had no positive and significant effect on employee satisfaction, while salary, job stability and job enrichment and job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on employee commitment. In the mediation test, job enrichment does not have a positive effect on work commitment with job satisfaction as mediation.The results of this study are expected to be input for business actors in manufacturing companies which are widely available in Batam. Several limitations and recommendations for future research were also included in this study.
Page(s): 234-238 Date of Publication: 12 July 2021
Download PDF
Joint liability lending strategy adopted by Self Help Groups (SHGs) has provided a panacea for financial exclusion previously associated with the rural poor. Access to SHG micro-credit by the rural poor enables acquisition of assets for improved production as well as food and better livelihood. However, poverty levels in some regions in Kenya remain high despite the existence of several SHGs. There were about 796 registered self-help groups in Nyakach Sub-County by December 2015. In the study area, poverty level had moved from 18% to 43% in the period up to 2019, representing 238% rise. The situation contradicts evidence from other developed countries across the globe especially parts of Asia and Europe which show that self-help groups have positive influence on the overall development of society. The purpose of the study was to explore how structures of SHGs influence livelihoods of households in Nyakach Sub County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine how types of SHGs influence livelihood of households; assess the influence SHG size has on the livelihood of households and to determine how objective based SHGs influence households’ livelihoods. The theory of Collective Action (CA) stipulating that mobilization of groups of vulnerable population to fight a common problem which has been overlooked by responsible public institutions guided the study. Descriptive design was employed on a target population of 9450 from which a sample size of 384 respondents was calculated via Yamane’s formula. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from the SHG members whereas Key Informant interviews were used to collect data from Divisional Social Services Officers (DSSOs) who were non SHG members. Findings showed that financial and social capitals were the livelihood aspects highly influenced by structures of SHGs and the size and objective-based SHGs had high influence on livelihood of households. The influence of SHG structure on livelihood was significant but small (n=384; r = .427; p < 0.05). It was concluded that the influence of structure was not homogeneous. The study recommended that structures of SHGs should be aligned to contextual conditions of the household members.
Page(s): 239-246 Date of Publication: 13 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5610Download PDF
University education does not only increase earnings by providing skills that increase the chance of employment opportunities, but also promotes the economic growth of the country concern. For a developing country like Sierra Leone, a step to attain university education is a step towards moving away from poverty. It is therefore the desire of each and every parent to see their children through university level education. However, there are some unavoidable factors that may influence the ability and desire of provincial secondary (high) school students to further their education to university level. In Sierra Leone today, despite the increasing number of school dropouts, no clear-cut research has been carried out to address this great issue of concern. This research work, therefore, used a binary logistic regression modelling technique to identify the main factors influencing students’ decision to attend a university of their choice after secondary (or high) school education. For this purpose, a stratified random sampling method was employed to select 363 respondents proportionately from each of the secondary schools in the Mokonde community, Korie chiefdom, Moyamba District, southern part of Sierra Leone. Data were collected from the selected respondents using structured questionnaires. To further ascertain the appropriateness of the chosen binary logistic regression model, two additional regression models, the proportional odd ordinal logistic regression model and the unconstrained partial proportional odd ordinal logistic regression model were also used in the analysis. However, statistical tests showed that the chosen binary logistic regression model outperformed the two ordinal regression models. Based on the result of the empirical analysis, the gender of the secondary (high) school student; the father’s income level; the mother’s income level; the annual average score and the number of study hours are the main factors influencing student’s university attendance decision in the study area. Male secondary (or high) school students are more likely to attend university than their female counterparts. High school students whose fathers are on a high level income scale are more likely to attend university than those whose fathers are on the low level income scale. Also, the higher the average score of the secondary school student the greater the possibility of the student to enter university and above all, the more hours the student spends on studying his or her academic work, the greater the possibility for the student to enter university.
Page(s): 247-259 Date of Publication: 13 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5611Download PDF
This paper assessed the provision, quality and adequacy of welfare facilities in selected schools of Lusaka city. The study used descriptive survey design. To this effect, 5 schools were sampled to participate in this study. Data was collected using focus group discussions and unstructured observation. Data analysis was done through thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that welfare facilities were positively associated with teachers’ and pupils’ performance in schools. The study, therefore, recommended that education policy makers, implementers and all stakeholders must pay much attention to the provision of welfare facilities in schools to cater for teachers, pupils and other school staff. These welfare facilities include clean drinking water, sanitary conveniences, eating facilities, change rooms and so on. More so, these welfare facilities should be adequate and of quality to the users in relation to population of a given school.
Page(s): 260-267 Date of Publication: 13 July 2021
Download PDF
The design of this research article is to bring about the overall understanding about a Christian Religious myth on Mother Mary’s appearances or magical revelations at churches to people and how these revelations impacted in creating new religious dogmas. These revelations are being experienced in all over the world from small scale to large scale including Sri Lanka and how people have absorbed these beliefs leading to social changes. The article gives an explanation on the root causes and other reasons that lead to a religious belief or a dogma. The article is constructed contrasting and the connections with the thoughts abided with Mother Mary’s revelations to people. The essay is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The Methodology used is epistemological.
Page(s): 268-279 Date of Publication: 14 July 2021
Download PDF
The purpose of this study is to know the Management of School Facilities and Infrastructure in Improving the Quality of Education. This study uses a comparison journal related to Facilities and Infrastructure in the field of education. Based on the results of a review of libraries from various countries in the world, the authors found that school facilities and infrastructure can improve the quality of education. Therefore, the school is expected to manage the facilities and pre-retirement in meeting the needs. Facilities and infrastructure greatly affect the ability of students in the learning process. It can be said that quality school facilities and infrastructure help attract and retain teachers, support improved student outcomes, and have a positive economic impact on the community. And it can be known that complete school facilities and infrastructure can determine the number of students. Therefore, the role of facilities and infrastructure is very important to attract the attention of the community so that the school has fans. The importance of school facilities and pre-retirement management in improving the quality of education attracts researchers to review, and this article to test how the management of facilities and infrastructure in improving the quality of education.
Page(s): 280-285 Date of Publication: 14 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5612Download PDF
Traditional institutions and rulers have played important roles in development administration of States in Africa. But the politics of each community has also made the institutions not to be free from some kinds of conflicts and the multiplier effects of such conflicts. Consequently, modern government has not ignored the traditional institutions as part of its development programs to ensure that no community under-develops itself and indeed the State as a result of conflict. State Governments in Nigeria have put in place structures and process to follow in resolving chieftaincy disputes. This paper is interested to find out the structure for administering chieftaincy institutions and the path for resolving chieftaincy disputes in Taraba State. The paper sourced its data from secondary and primary sources. The paper finds that whereas there is an elaborate system and machinery for conflict resolution, but some Chieftaincy disputes become protracted before they were resolve and some are still taking longer time to resolve in spite of the political efficacy of the elites in the State. Therefore with the creation of many graded chiefdoms as a measure to resolve Chieftaincy demands and disputes, both the communities that still have outstanding disputes, the Government and people should cooperate, and on the bases of equity and due process in matters of Native law and Custom resolve chieftaincy disputes to serve as deterrent to deviants. This would enable both old and new chiefs to settle down as agents of peace and development administration.
Page(s): 286-302 Date of Publication: 14 July 2021
Download PDF
Nowadays, especially in modular modality, students tend to procrastinate or to delay a certain work that needs to be accomplished on a certain deadline. It is a behavioral problem that occurs in every individual. The research design of this study utilized the phenomenological method to determine the Procrastination attitude of the students in a modular distance learning modality in The Rizal Memorial Colleges, Inc. The participants of this study composed of 10 Senior High School students. The data obtained identified emergent themes clustered into three, namely: Diligence, Honesty, and Hope. Based on the results, one of the existing behaviors that any person could have, with or without their knowledge, and became the major problem of everyone, especially to every student, is procrastination. With this, the implications to the teachers were to provide motivations towards their students in order to banish procrastination.
Page(s): 303-308 Date of Publication: 15 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5613Download PDF
Purpose: This paper seeks to present the study which was conducted to explore the institutional measures of mitigating sexual harassment cases by male teachers in Luapula province. The study was undertaken in the 5randomly selected secondary schools across the province. Design/methodology/approach: The study used qualitative paradigm in which descriptive survey design was ideal. The descriptive design was chosen in order to come up with more comprehensive, deeper insights from respondents so that a better understanding of the phenomenon under study is enhanced. The study was based on questionnaire and interview guide. Questionnaires were administered to 5 Head teachers, 5 Guidance and counseling teachers and 15teachers while interview guide was used to collect data from 15 pupils. Findings: The study revealed that, sexual harassment is a serious problem and its mitigation needs not only the attention of the head teacher but the collective effort with the teachers, pupils, stake holders and other interested parties who are involved in the provision of education. Limitations of the study: The findings of the study focused on the role of the institutions in mitigating sexual harassment of female pupils by male teachers. The findings therefore, cannot be generalized to the male pupils and female teachers because this research only endeavored to address the issue that has raised serious concerns and has drawn the attention of the government, parents, stakeholders, organizations, civil societies and the world at large. Practical implication: The practical implication is that if sexual harassment in schools is not mitigated, it can lead to psychological trauma in children who are subjected to it, it can also cause risk of death, poor physical and mental health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infection, early pregnancy, education problems, loneliness, vagrancy and poor parenting skills later in life. The institutions therefore, should fight hard and mitigate it. Originality/value: The study supports previous studies which identified that sexual harassment is a serious social problem and advocated for its mitigation. However this paper highlights the divergence views of the respondents on the mitigation of sexual harassment, thereby highlighting on the need to establish policies, breaking the silence in schools and communities and instituting reporting laws on sexual harassment.
Page(s): 309-312 Date of Publication: 15 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5614Download PDF
The paper examined state fragility and humanitarian crisis in Syria. The main thesis of the paper is that the more the fragility of the Syrian state, given some extraneous and endogenous factors fuelling the humanitarian crisis in Syria. The paper relied on secondary sources of data and for the purpose of clarity and deeper understanding of the subject matter adopted the Dependency theory as its framework of analysis. One of the assumptions of the dependency theory is that events in one country is conditioned by the actions or inactions of a country in a relationship of unequal exchange. The paper observed that the crescendo of humanitarian crisis in Syria is a result of the adverse politics of state fragility as reinforced by negative external and internal objective conditions. It is recommended in the paper, inter alia, that democratic values should be upheld and good governance should be a sundry principle for the overall interest of Syrians.
Page(s): 313-318 Date of Publication: 15 July 2021
Download PDF
The purpose of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by administrators in the implementation of inclusive education in selected primary schools in Kitwe district. In this study, the researcher used a mixed method research design which involved the collection and mixing of both quantitative and qualitative data. Semi-structured questionnaire were used to collect data. This study revealed that, teachers are not properly trained and consequently experience serious challenges when teaching learners with special needs in an inclusive classroom. Secondly, that inclusive education is not properly implemented because the results show that most school buildings do not accommodate children with physical disabilities. The recommendation made in this study was that Head teachers need to be trained with regard to special education in order for them to properly implement inclusive education.
Page(s): 319-324 Date of Publication: 15 July 2021
Download PDF
Multiethnic and religious crises are exposing Nigeria to its greatest existential problem of all time. Calls for separation and self-determination are vociferous among Nigeria’s ethnic, religious, and socio-cultural groups. While Nigeria’s government and well-meaning organizations are engaging the problem, ongoing conversations on the matter focus on the potentials of legalistic and mechanical approaches to conflict management. Ethnic and religious conflicts in Nigeria are resisting these formulations and sustaining the path of destruction, pulverizing economic, social, human, and material resources. This paper supplements existing perspectives on conflict management in Nigeria with an ontological approach. It defends the need to explore the ego, the self, the I in managing conflicts in Nigeria. With categories and frameworks mined from existentialists philosophers, the paper advocates the development of systematic processes of reorientation based on the existentialist values of intersubjectivity, tolerance, dialogue, understanding, care, and solidarity as a tool against the religious and ethnic crisis in the country.
Page(s): 325-330 Date of Publication: 16 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5615Download PDF
Corruption is a cancerous phenomenon that has permeated every facet of society. It has been identified as the main obstacle to the realisation of good governance, sustainable development and millennium development goals. Corruption is an impediment to political, economic and social development, hinders administrative development and performance, impairs economic efficiency, leads to brain drain, discourages foreign investments, undermines effective utilisation of natural resources and hampers transparency. While the manifestation of corruption is without limits, its roots seem to be identifiable in the immoderate inclination for material wealth and power. One of the major catalysts for widespread corruption in Nigeria is the failure in the existing legal frameworks to effectively combat corruption. The methodology adopted were doctrinal and empirical. The objectives of this study are to examine what motivates people to be corrupt, and to analyse the legal frameworks in the fight against corruption, the national, regional and international frameworks will be considered and recommend capital punishment for those guilty of grand and political corruption in order to eradicate this menace.
Page(s): 331-340 Date of Publication: 16 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5616Download PDF
The purpose of this study was to investigate out more about impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on the educational system and collect data about it. Within the framework of a survey research design, quantitative and qualitative research approaches were applied in this research. Teachers out of several schools in the Colombo district constitute the study’s target population. The data for this study was collected using a questionnaire with focused on three main areas: (1) teachers’ understanding of the idea of online classrooms; (2) teachers’ perceptions of online classes; and (3) teachers’ perceptions of online classrooms. (2) Teachers’ perceptions of the benefits of integrating online activities in Sri Lankan schools, and (3) Teachers’ perceptions of the challenges and issues in implementing new practices in Sri Lankan schools. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the teachers’ responses to the survey. Despite the fact that the concept of online class practices is new to Sri Lankan teachers, the analysis revealed that they are aware of the concept and have positive perceptions of online class practices. They did believe that the use of online classes could have a number of advantages, including changing traditional teaching methods, providing up-to-date subject information, improving the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process, increasing students’ interest in learning, incorporating changes in the IT world, and developing teachers’ skills and attitudes to come to terms with major problems. As a result of this study, it is recommended that relevant stakeholders suggest suitable steps to create online classes and ensure their maximum being used in schools.
Page(s): 341-344 Date of Publication: 16 July 2021
Download PDF
The importance of interpersonal conflict management for principals makes researchers interested in making literature reviews. There are many articles that discuss interpersonal conflict management for principals. This article is a literature review that aims to find out the interpersonal conflict management of the principal and the principal’s strategy in managing conflict, so it will give a positive impact on the environment of the school organization. Based on the results of literature reviews from many studies in various countries in the world, it is known that conflict has a positive effect when managed together effectively and can be very useful for the effectiveness of individuals and groups and will affect the sustainability of school organizations. So, we are interested to follow up research related to Interpersonal Conflict Management for the Principal.
Page(s): 345-351 Date of Publication: 16 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5617Download PDF
This study used a sequential exploratory strategy of a mixed-method research design aimed to explore the factors and this also aimed to determine the extent of relationship between these factors and performance of Senior High School students in biology. Factor analysis was employed to develop the instrument derived from the interview of the informants for data analysis. The predictor variables were tested whether these predict the performance of student in Biology. Result revealed five factors namely: teaching approach, student-related factors, teaching strategy, teacher’s motivation, and learning resources. The respondent’ mean level of agreement of these factors have an agree qualitative description which means it is oftentimes true for them. Students’ performance in biology was also determine. Grade 11 have a very satisfactory rating while Grade 12 obtain an outstanding qualitative description. Using Spearman’s rho correlation, all factors are not significantly correlated with the students’ performance in biology.
Page(s): 352-359 Date of Publication: 17 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5618Download PDF
The study analysed the competencies for the Boards of Management in managing funds for subsidized secondary school education in Kiminini Sub-County in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The target population included all the Boards of Management of 68 public secondary schools in Kiminini Sub-County. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 headteachers from 21 sampled schools. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A questionnaire was used in data collection. The study established that current competencies of Boards of Management negatively and significantly influence effectiveness of managing funds in schools.
Page(s): 360-362 Date of Publication: 17 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5619Download PDF
Purpose: Our current study is dedicated to an illustration of the question related to the integration of immigrant students from sub-Saharan Africa within the Tunisian system of higher education. Our target integration model transcends the functionalist determinist approach; it is not assimilation that fuses all subjects into one single entity nor communitarianism that maintains ethnic barriers above mixture and unanimity. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out among 100 students enrolled in the top three accessible multicultural private Tunisian universities. To analyze the relations between native immigrant students, we have devoted second criteria forming thus two case studies: there are two groups of students (a group of 50 Tunisian students and another group of 50 students with different sub-Saharan African nationalities. Results: The process of integrating subjects from different yet similar cultures, in this case, sub-Saharan African students, is an anthropological process seeking to put cultural diversity at the service of an inclusive environment with a new cultural code. The metaphor of the bridge between cultures is no longer valid; the focus is rather on the concept of the salad bowl integrating different cultures. University experience constitutes a key element to achieve professional insertion concerning the future of students.
Page(s): 363-368 Date of Publication: 17 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5620Download PDF
The purpose of this study was to assess the Tertiary Education Trust Fund policy implementation for universities improvement in the South – East of Nigeria. The study was guided by four research questions and four hypotheses. The researcher adopted descriptive survey design for the study. The population of the study is 765 staff of the federal and state public universities in South- East, Nigeria. There was no sampling since the number of Heads of Departments, Deans of Faculties, and TET Fund Committees of the Universities was manageable, the entire population was studied. Assessment of TET Fund Policy Implementations for Universities improvement questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The researcher also used a checklist to really ascertain the authenticity of the data provided by the respondents. Data were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions and ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings from the results revealed that the extent to which Tertiary Education Trust Fund has implemented policy on provisions of essential physical infrastructure for teaching and learning for the universities improvement in South-East, Nigeria is low and there is significant difference in the mean ratings of the opinion of the respondents. The findings also revealed that the extent to which TET Fund has implemented policy on the provisions of instructional materials and equipments for teaching and learning and is low, and there is no significant differences in the mean ratings of the respondents opinion on the result. The researcher made some recommendations which includes: that TET Fund should diversify its provisions of essential physical infrastructure to cover other areas like provision of administrative blocks, water resource, hostel accommodation, staff quarters and others. TET Fund board of directors should improve to a large extent its policy on the provision of instructional materials and equipment especially in providing items like laboratory apparatuses, personal computers, lap top computers to staff, document cameras, among others.
Page(s): 369-374 Date of Publication: 17 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5621Download PDF
The government of Kenya believes that the major reason for low enrolment in secondary schools is the high cost of secondary education. The number of students proceeding for secondary education had increased in the recent pastal though a big number of students still did not enroll in secondary schools. The policy of introducing day-wing into selected boarding secondary schools in Kenya was put in place to increase enrolment and to ensure 100 percent transition of students from primary to secondary school after the introduction of subsidized day secondary education and free day secondary education. This study aimed at assessing the determinants of implementation of day-wing policy into boarding secondary schools in Nairobi City County. The study adopted the Systems Theory. The study took place in ten boarding secondary schools in Nairobi City County which had the day-wing program. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population included ten school principals, fifteen deputy principals and six hundred teachers. Data collection instruments included use of questionnaires and interview schedule. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies, mean and percentage which was presented on graphs, tables and charts. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data which was then presented in prose. Before commencing the study, the researcher sort permission from Kenyatta University, the Ministry of Education and principals of the ten boarding secondary schools implementing the day-wing policy. The study found out the introduction of day-wing on boarding secondary schools had put a lot of pressure on the available resources apart from textbooks which the government supplied in surplus. Cases of indiscipline had also increased. Coordination of activities became hectic and teachers had been overstretched due to too much workload. The study recommended that for the policy to be viable, the government needed to provide boarding schools with physical, human and financial resources to cater for increased number of students.
Page(s): 375-384 Date of Publication: 17 July 2021
Download PDF
The study assessed the effectiveness of qualitative-descriptive evaluation method and quantitative evaluation methods on Mathematics interest of Primary School Pupils in Benue State. The design was non randomized control group, pretest – posted research design. 5463pupils of primary five formed the population while 201 pupils were sampled using intact class. Three research questions and one research hypothesis guided the study. Mathematics Interest Inventory (MII) was the instrument used for collecting data. Data analysis was carried out using mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA statistics tool. The findings revealed that; there was significant difference in mean interest of pupils when qualitative-descriptive and quantitative evaluation methods were used with qualitative descriptive group having higher mean of the interest rating. The study concluded that, Pupils interest in Mathematics is higher in the group evaluated using qualitative descriptive evaluation method. Primary School Teachers were therefore encouraged to adopt qualitative descriptive method of evaluation
Page(s): 385-390 Date of Publication: 19 July 2021
Download PDF
Covid-19 has caused much suffering to the world. No nation could get an exemption from this contagion. To reduce impairments, people had to follow instructions given by doctors, health organizations, and governments. This research affirmed massive amount of people had always been apathetic to the given pandemic instructions and their health. This paper’s purpose is to let disaffiliates know why many people are neglecting their life risk within this pandemic. It also may help to take some essential steps to reduce infection and death cases. Applying a total of 10 focus group discussions in May and June of 2020 to almost 80 random participants from roadsides and tea stalls, this paper upholds some basic narratives that demonstrate the scenario of the pandemic in Khulna, Bangladesh. Lacking proper knowledge, Frustration, Financial condition, Communication barriers, and many more reasons are liable for this kind of behavior. The media also played a very significant role. All these suggest that there are some obvious reasons for them to disregard the given instructions.
Page(s): 391-393 Date of Publication: 19 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5622Download PDF
The study was to investigate the influence of Human resource planning on organizational performance. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of human resource planning on organizational performance in the telecom company in Port Harcourt. The study used a well structured questionnaire to obtain data from 160 top managers and middle level managers. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was utilized for data analysis and regression analysis for the hypotheses. Findings from the study disclosed. HRP has a significant influence on organizational performance (R=0.563, R2= 0.318, P=0.000). Furthermore, finding suggests that an effective human resource planning such as anticipating manpower factors of job satisfaction, understanding peoples need, utilization, motivation, compensation and training and development packages have the capacity to assist the organization in modifying the behavior, increase creativity and increase its workers level of innovativeness and commitment towards improving organizational performance. It was recommended that Companies should spend more on Human Resources; which can lead towards High performance achievement.
Page(s): 394-398 Date of Publication: 19 July 2021
Download PDF
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
This study aimed at assessing the level of implementation of procurement management practices in the public sector of Ghana. To achieve this, the study adopted an exploratory research design and a quantitative research approach. The study further adopted the use of judgement sampling technique and questionnaire were used to select and collect data from 56 employees of the Ghana Revenue Authority. The findings revealed that, the major procurement management practices GRA engages in during a typical procurement process include transparency, information accessibility and availability and efficiency and effectiveness and these practices were visible during the sourcing, contract management, storage, distribution and disposal, qualification and monitoring and evaluation processes. Additionally, it was found that, the level of compliance to the procurement regulations among employees of GRA during a typical procurement process was high. The findings further revealed that, the execution of procurement management practices at the GRA, face a number of challenges. The study recommended that, there is a need for more transparency, punishment for flouting of procurement regulations, less government interferences and clarity in communication for employees and suppliers.
Page(s): 395-404 Date of Publication: 19 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5623Download PDF
Surviving and building an advantage in the digital T.V industry depends on how well firms are able to collaborate with other members of their complex supply chain network. This study examined the relationship between collaborative supply chain strategies such as decision synchronization and incentive alignment and Corprate wellness metric, customer patronage. A cross- sectional survey research design was adopted for this study. A population of 36 was adopted, comprising of sales representative, dealer supports and customer care representatives. 36 copies of structured questionnaire was issued out and retrieved. Analysis of the data was done through the use of descriptive tables, charts, and kendall-Tau-b correlation coefficient of the SPSS version 22.0 package. The study concluded that decision synchronization and incentive alignment significantly influence customer patronage. This study recommends that digital T.V firms should imbibe decision synchronization and incentive alignment in order to achieve increased customer patronage.
Page(s): 405-412 Date of Publication: 19 July 2020
Download PDF
Waqf as an Islamic charitable endowment, it has played a dynamic role in the socio-economic activities of Muslims all over the world. Studies have revealed that waqf has worked as an effective tool for improving socio-economic condition in several Muslims countries all over the world. The concept of waqf has been in existence for the long period of time in most Muslim communities. However, in most of the Muslim community the concept is still new in the public. The purpose of this paper is to revive the concept of waqf among scholars in Adamawa state Nigeria, to create awareness among on the substantial role of waqf on socio-economic development and to demand on people both the rich and the middle class to participate in waqf for the advantage of Ummah. The paper adopted qualitative research approach through interview. However, structural interview was conducted with five Islamic scholars in Adamawa state.The findings show that even among the scholars the familiarity of the concept of waqf is partial, majority of the scholars does not know much about developing waqf as well as the economic important of waqf. Therefore, the scholars, intellectuals, and practitioners of waqf have a vivacious role to play in creating awareness and sensitization among scholars on the general concept of waqf and its significant role in humanitarian and economic development of Muslims community.
Page(s): 413-418 Date of Publication: 20 July 2021
Download PDF
This paper examines the impact of Nigeria’s National Health Financing Policy since its inception in 2006 on access to healthcare. Access to healthcare is at the core of attaining Universal Health Coverage. We analysed the Policy’s provisions against five thematic areas and presented the situation analyses of each of these areas. The analyses reveal that although Nigeria experienced an improvement in some health indicators, these improvements are on the decline in the post-Millenuium Development Era. In addition, the challenges which the policy sought to address viz establishing sustained funding for healthcare, reducing catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditures on healthcare, inadequate coverage of social insurance, and poor coordination of donor activities persist 15 years after the Policy. The persistence of these challenges often leadsto the inability to access healthcare when needed and impoverishment from obtaining healthcare, thereby worsening health inequities. We, therefore, advocatefor the strengthening of existing governance and health systems on which the health financing policy can thrive. It is also essential to explore other avenues for mobilising and pooling funds to finance healthcare to supplement the budgetary allocations by the government. There is also the need to overhaul the National Health Insurance Scheme, which has yielded minimal gains in improving access to care. Finally, we suggest a review of 15 years-old Policy to take into account the new realities of healthcare financing, especially in terms of containing public healthemergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Page(s): 419-427 Date of Publication: 20 July 2021
Download PDF
The study evaluated the effectiveness of interdisciplinary team strategies for helping terminally clients and families experiencing anticipatory grief in home-based care. Interdisciplinary teams represent the collaborative working between professionals from various disciplines including physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, social workers, and other trained volunteers as well as spiritual leaders with the aim of addressing various needs of patients or clients with terminal illnesses and their families. Most patients diagnosed with life-limiting illnesses such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease among other life threatening illnesses may have multiple and complex needs. Facing end of life due to advanced severe illness can result in psychological pain and distress associated with anticipatory grief. Such clients and their families require integration of interdisciplinary team strategies to their care regimen so as to help them cope with psychosocial issues and complex multi-morbidity. Sustained levels of anticipatory grief can result in serious health risks including serious mental health disorders like clinical depression in patients faced with end-of-life and members of their families. Although little evidence exists regarding the risk factors of anticipatory grief, some empirical evidence point to a serious state of emotional suffering that may require integration of support from an interdisciplinary approach. However, the approaches aimed at addressing the end-of-life psychosocial issues in Africa and Kenya in particular may not be similar with those utilized in the western world and many of them are not well documented. There was need to assess the effectiveness of strategies being implemented by interdisciplinary teams to address issues related to anticipatory grief in terminally ill clients and families in home-based programmes in Kenyan communities. To establish the effectiveness of the strategies used, a systematic literature review was conducted through identification of relevant published articles in various databases including Clinical trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO, in addition to a hand search on relevant journals, dating from 2000 to 2020. To ensure quality of the findings, only articles and studies published in reputable journals and databases were included in the synthesis. The selection criteria focused on studies using qualitative methods or mixed methods so as to ensure consistency of study designs. The search identified 15 articles, which were assessed to establish quality for inclusion, after which 7 that met the criteria were included in the synthesis. All the included articles represented a population of 290 respondents drawn from various regions in Kenya, and focused on various themes, including communication, dignity therapy, spiritual care, and psychosocial support. The results from the reviewed articles indicated that communication, dignity therapy and general structured counselling as well as spiritual support were helpful in end-of-life care, thus establishing a level of effectiveness in addressing anticipatory grief in clients with terminal illnesses and their families. The study recommended that extensive training on grief counselling methods was required on communication proficiency of care providers. More research was recommended on effectiveness of other interventions that were not evaluated in this review.
Page(s): 429-436 Date of Publication: 20 July 2021
Download PDF
Diminishing financial performance of insurance companies in recent years in Nigeria as a result of improper personnel management has done harm to financial system and provided shortfall in investors expectation in emerging economies. This study examined the effect of employees’ motivation on financial performance of insurance companies in emerging economies in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the extent at which intrinsic and extrinsic motivation strategies affect financial performance of insurance companies. The employed mixed research design using both research survey and ex-post facto. The sample size was 175 which was derived from a targeted population of 313 employees of insurance companies in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Data for the study was collected using structured questionnaire, annual publications of the Nigerian Insurance Digest (NIA) and financial reports of insurance company for 12 years’ period 2008-2019. Regression results revealed that intrinsic motivational strategies significantly affect financial performance of insurance companies while extrinsic motivational strategies have no statistical significant effect on financial performance of insurance companies in emerging economies in Nigeria. The findings supported the prediction of Herzberg two-factor and self-determination theories. The study recommended that decision makers of insurance companies should put effective and efficient strategies in place by using the right ways to motivate both management and non-management staff in order to achieve increased financial performance that significantly justify opportunities in emerging economies.
Page(s): 437-444 Date of Publication: 20 July 2021
Download PDF
This study aims to guide not only credit cooperatives but all financial institutions in improving accountability by establishing and implementing an effective and well-organized system of internal control. This study determined which domain of internal control best influenced the accountability of credit cooperatives in Panabo City. It applied the quantitative, non-experimental research design utilizing correlational technique, with 108 employees of credit cooperatives as the respondents selected through total population sampling. The researcher adapted and modified questionnaires to measure internal control and accountability. The Mean, Pearson r, and Regression Analysis were used as statistical treatments. Results revealed that the level of internal control of credit cooperatives was very high across all indicators. Similarly, the study revealed a very high level of accountability among credit cooperatives as perceived by the employees. Based on the findings of the study, it showed that internal control is significantly correlated to the accountability of credit cooperatives, with a p-value less than the level of significance. The overall result disclosed that internal control has significant influence on the accountability of credit cooperatives. Control activities was the domain of internal control that best predicts accountability of credit cooperatives.
Page(s): 445-452 Date of Publication: 20 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5624Download PDF
Most Governments of developing countries have turned to setting up microcredit programs to give both financial and non-financial support to SMEs. However, weak project monitoring capacity of Microcredits institutions has continued to lead to poor loan utilisation, increases the risk of diversion of loans and ultimately high level of non-performing loans. This study seeks to assess the effect of project monitoring activities of the Ondo State Microcredit Agency on the performance of SMEs in the State. The study adopted Survey Research Design as primary data were used for the purpose of the study. This research work identifies and presents the project monitoring operations of Ondo State Microcredit Agency (OSMA) and their effects on the performance of SMEs. From a total population of 745 beneficiaries, 261 beneficiaries were selected based on Yamane sample size formula and they were retrieved from the list of all the beneficiaries in each SME category obtained from the agency. The research instrument adopted for collecting data from the respondents was a pre-tested and validated questionnaire. Questions were on a 5-point Likert scale, and multiple-choice type questions. Analysis of the results obtained were done using descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling(PLS_SEM) was employed to test the hypothesis. The models specified by this study are significant at 5%. The results showed that two (control measure and fund utilisation) sub- constructs of project monitoring were significant while the other two (Business/Site visitation and Loan monitoring) were not statistically significant. The results of regression analysis further revealed that project management activities (β= 0.358, R 2 = 0.259, f 2 = 0.172, T = 5.942 and P 0.05) is significant to the performance of SMEs in the state, hence the null Hypothesis (H 01 ) which states that there is no significant effect of project monitoring activities of Ondo State Microcredit Agency on the performance of SMEs in the state is rejected. The study concluded that monitoring of the loan beneficiaries ventures along the “control measure” and “fund utilisation” sub-constructs are relevant and significant to SMEs performance and will aid loan repayment. Subsequently, project monitoring activities if well planned and executed will lead to better SMEs performance. Based on this, the study recommends the creation of a robust project\loan monitoring systems as an essential part of the microcredit programme and also the establishment of savings arm of OSMA to help improve regular contacts and interaction between the borrowers and the lender. However, adequate control measure is advised to combat compromise.
Page(s): 453-461 Date of Publication: 20 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5625Download PDF
The financial performance of consumer goods firms in Nigeria is constrained by a weak macroeconomic framework with persistent exchange rate volatility, multiple exchange rate windows and forex restrictions, and distortionary activities by the central bank. Thus, persistent exchange rate volatility exposes the companies to external risks because their projected revenue and costs, alongside profit margin and earnings per share, are affected. Hence this study examined the effect of exchange rate volatility on return on assets of consumer goods manufacturing companies listed in Nigeria between the periods of 2010 to 2019. The study engaged an ex-post facto research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of fourteen (14) consumer goods firms from the listed firms. The study used panel data, panel regression models estimated was in respect to the fixed-effect model and random effect model, Hausman test indicated the appropriate model, while the exchange rate volatility (ERV) was computed using GARCH approach. The inferences were drawn at 1%, 5%, and 10%. The findings of the study showed that exchange rate volatility was negative and had statistically significant effect on return on assets [coefficient = – 0.454; P – value = 0.013]. Firm’s Size was found to be negative and had statistically significant effect on return on assets at 1% level [coefficient = – 0.057; P – value = 0.000]. Leverage had negative and statistically significant effect on return on assets [coefficient = – 0.089; P – value = 0.091]. The study concluded that exchange rate volatility has a significant influence on return on assets. The study recommended that the monetary authorities should employ various policies to steer the exchange rate downward. This will help boost local firm return on assets and at the same time increase firms’ productivity.
Page(s): 462-470 Date of Publication: 21 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5626Download PDF
This study aimed to research the significance of using leveled texts in the improvement of second language learners’ word recognition skills, accuracy, and fluency. The findings showed steady growth in word recognition abilities and improved automaticity. Results from running records exhibited a substantial increase in accuracy. Fluency assessments showcased a rise in fluency rate and fluency scores provided by three assessors. Implications from this study indicate the positive effects of reading at the frustration level. Therefore, it is encouraged to further explore the impact of providing challenging reading material.
Page(s): 471-485 Date of Publication: 21 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5627Download PDF
The study explored the influence of HR practices on the job satisfaction of teachers in the Kalulushi District in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. In this cross-sectional study, four dimensions of HR practice namely: Appraisal, Training, Compensation and Planning were used with a total of 100 respondents. The objectives of the study were answered using correlation and regression analysis, and results were also presented using descriptive statistics. All the four dimensions of HR practices were positively related to job satisfaction, with training and development showing the strongest contribution to job satisfaction. Suggestions are made for further research on ways to increase job satisfaction among the employees
Page(s): 486-488 Date of Publication: 21 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5628Download PDF
This paper examines the aims, goals, objectives and tenets of Nigeria’s philosophy of education. The connections between philosophy and education have been in evidence from earliest times. Philosophy and education are closely related. Education depends upon philosophy and philosophy depends upon education which is philosophy in action. All educational efforts need philosophy as a guide in the determination of their ends and means. Thus, philosophy serves as a light, source and influence for educational objectives. Philosophers have traditionally focused their critical attention on all aspects of the educational process. In a sense, this is only to be expected for it is impossible to investigate the phenomenon of human existence or ask questions about the best way for mankind to live without giving some considerations to topics concerned with the intellectual, aesthetic and moral development of individuals. More also, as education by nature is a process of change; philosophy gives a guide as it takes a long-term view of the future and what it obtains for both man and his society. The paper discusses the aims of Nigeria’s philosophy of education which are clarifying important educational issues and problems, the goals of Nigeria’s philosophy of education which are guiding the achievement of the Nigeria’s educational objectives, the objectives of Nigeria’s philosophy of education which are setting goals for Nigeria’s education bearing in mind people’s social needs and the tenets of Nigeria’s philosophy of education which are based on the integration of the individual into a sound and effective citizen through equal educational opportunities.
Page(s): 484-494 Date of Publication: 21 July 2021
Download PDF
The study investigated information needs and information seeking behaviour of commercial motorcycle operators in Benue State, Nigeria. Five objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprises of 38128 commercial motorcycle operators in Benue State. The sample size for the study was 396 commercial motorcycle operators who were selected using proportionate stratified and convenience sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Commercial Motorcycle Operators’ Questionnaire (INISBCMOQ) which was validated by experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha method and a reliability coefficient of 0.83 was obtained. The data collected for the study was analyzed using Frequency Counts and Percentages. The findings of the study revealed that, CMOs need information on how to own a motorcycle, prices of motorcycle, how to avoid accidents, more lucrative routes, safe routes, where to get best spare parts and traffics regulations among others. The findings also revealed the information sources of CMOs to include customers, consulting friends, listening to radio, watching and listening to television and visiting drinking joints/ beer parlours. Further, the findings revealed the difficulties encountered by CMOs in the course of seeking for information to include: inability to read, inability to use library catalogue, irregular power supply, inability to access newspaper/ magazines and lack of knowledge of computer/ internet use. The study concluded that commercial motorcycle operators just like any other category of people have a variety of information needs, ranging from general information to specific information about their commercial activities. It was recommended that, public Libraries in Nigeria should as a matter of urgency, embark on an aggressive library awareness campaign so that everybody including commercial motorcycle operators could use library resources like the internet and published materials as their source for reliable information and libraries and information centres should also see everybody as a potential information user and as such package information services for the less educated populace such as commercial motorcycle operators in a language they will understand.
Page(s): 495-500 Date of Publication: 22 July 2021
Download PDF
This study investigated 1) whether or not the collaborative writing strategy had a positive influence towards students’ writing achievement than the students who wrote individually, and 2) the students’ perceptions concerning the use of the collaborative writing strategy. The research was conducted by applying the mixed-method design. The subjects of the study were 64 students of Mataram State Islamic University which distributed randomly in two groups; experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the relevant research instruments such as: essay writing test and questionnaire. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Two major findings emerged. First, it revealed that there was a difference of the experimental and control groups’ mean scores of their post-test. The experimental group’s mean score (M=7.14) (SD=0.57) was greater than that of control group’s mean score (6.45) (SD=0.53). Seen from its independent sample test, it also unveiled that their sig. (2-tailed) (0.00) was lower than (0.05). This statistical evidence exhibited that there was a significant difference between the students who employed collaborative writing strategy than those who did not employ it. Second, all students’ responses were positive towards the application of collaborative writing strategy as it increased students’ motivation and confidence, reduced stress, gave new horizon on the way of how students to write, shared mutual feedback, gave a good attitude to respect each other, and knew others characters.
Page(s): 501-509 Date of Publication: 22 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5629Download PDF
This study reports a quasi experimental study on google classroom mediated peer assesment of English subject at High School in Indonesia.The study attemps to answer whether there is any significant difference in th students’ performances in applying the tasks. The data were elicited through students’ performances in three writing tasks. The students writing performances in three different learning tasks were compared based on the writing criteria. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference of the students’ writing ability in three tasks of Google classroom mediated peer assessment. This result also showed that free topic was the highest score the students got in their writing.This suggests that Google Classroom mediated peer assessment facilitates the students to improve the capability of their writing skill.
Page(s): 510-513 Date of Publication: 22 July 2021
Download PDF
This study aims to describe (1) the form of compliment strategies and compliment responses of English learners at the Adab and Humanities Faculty of UIN Alauddin Makassar, (2) the factors related to the pragmatics of the transfer of English learners at the Adab and Humanities Faculty of UIN Alauddin Makassar. The population in this study is all students of semester 6 of the Class of 2017 English Language and Literature Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN Alauddin Makassar, with a total of 70 respondents as a representative selected research sample, is considered as the representation of the entire research population. The data collection methods are conducted using DCT, interviews, and direct observations. The data obtained is analyzed with quantitative and qualitative techniques. Specifically, the quantitative data is processed with statistics using R analytics software, while the qualitative data is analyzed using pragmatic transfer analysis. The results showed that (1) The form of compliment strategy used by English learners at the UIN Alauddin Makassar faculty consists of 18 forms of compliment strategies and 13 forms of compliment response strategies, the most commonly used forms are surprise and congratulations strategies while the form of compliment response that is most often done is the appreciation and appreciation strategy receive compliments. (2) There are 3 factors related to the pragmatic transfer of English learners that affect the negative transfer that occurs when performing compliments speech acts and compliment responses, including sociopragmatic, pragmalinguistic and psychopragmatic factors.
Page(s): 514-519 Date of Publication: 23 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5630Download PDF
Entrepreneurship education is considered a vital tool in empowering graduate for self-reliance in creating job opportunity in the economy given the rate of graduate unemployment in the country. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education on student’s business venturing. The study used a well structured questionnaire to obtain data from 315 respondents from different tertiary institution in the country. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was utilized for data analysis. Findings from the study disclosed that Entrepreneurship education have been found to have a significant positive influence on students’ intention to venture into business. Thus, that effective entrepreneurship education which is student oriented and which give room for students to practice and start little businesses while in school, has the capacity to arouse and increase students ‘career considerations into entrepreneurship after graduation. It was recommended among others that there should be a strong partnership between the government and private bodies on student’s attachment to firms for both mentorship and guidance especially after graduation so as to encourage and motivate them to develop businesses.
Page(s): 520-525 Date of Publication: 23 July 2021
Download PDF
Lending rates are vital prices that influence consumption and investment spending decisions of economic units, and thus, the central banks of nations are saddled with the responsibility of ensuring that the rates charged by deposit money banks are providing enabling financial environment, and this responsibility is being discharged by adopting appropriate monetary policy stances taking cognizance of the prevailing macroeconomic conditions. On this premise, this study examined the effect of monetary policy on deposit money banks’ lending rates in Nigeria. Secondary data was obtained from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin from 1987 to 2018. Augmented Dickey Fuller, Bound test, and Autoregressive Distributed Lag were used to determine the effect of money supply, monetary policy rates, and cash reserve ratios on lending rates. The stationary results indicated that lending rates and monetary policy rates were stationary at level, and money supply and cash reserve ratios stationary at first difference. Bound test results showed that there were long run relationships between the dependent and the independent variables. From the Autoregressive Distributed Lag results, money supply had positive and insignificant effect on lending rates in the short- run but negative and significant effect in the long-run. Cash reserve ratios exerted positive and significant effect in the short run, and negative and insignificant in the long run. Monetary policy rates influence was positive and significant both in the short run and long run. It was concluded that, with monetary policy rates showing the potency to influence the direction of lending rates, monetary policies would go a long way in producing monetary management capable of generating increased growth with stability in Nigeria. It was equally recommended that the central bank of Nigeria should identify banks funds sources that were outside its control and institute control mechanism in order to improve cash reserve ratios potency both in the short run and long run, and strengthen monetary policies effectiveness.
Page(s): 526-530 Date of Publication: 23 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5631Download PDF
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact across all areas of human endeavor worldwide by disrupting educational and socio-economic activities. In light of this, this study set out to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural schools in both Namibia and Zimbabwe with the purpose of developing tools that may be used in post-COVID-19 reconstructions of rural schooling. Qualitative survey methodologies were used to collect data from twelve participants in Namibia and Zimbabwe. More specifically, open-ended questionnaires, telephone interviews and document analysis were the main tools used to collect the data to address the problem. The study used Hall and Hord (1987)’s Intervention Taxonomy as a theoretical and interpretive guide to the study. The results of the study reveal several schooling imperatives for rural schooling in the post-COVID-19 period. Firstly, there is need for governments to craft multi-sectorial policy frameworks that will harmonize health, education and economic activities in rural areas. Secondly, infrastructural development of rural areas focusing on the provision of remote learning technologies and internet access constitute a major imperative. Thirdly, reconfiguration of teacher education curriculum constitutes another key priority. Teachers urgently need new skills and knowledge to manage and produce distance/remote learning materials. Rural schools now exist in academic wastelands, whereby learning has ground to a halt. Rural teachers and pupils have virtually ground to a halt during the disruptive phase of the pandemic. Health and safety wise, no mitigatory measures or plans have been adopted to mitigate the spread of the pandemic among pupils and the rural populace particularly at household level. However, the study reveals that various measures have been mooted in preparation of the reopening of schools but these measures may be belated. In view of the above, several interventions emerge as imperatives not only for rural schooling but the survival of the rural populace. Firstly, the study reveals that it is imperative for multi-sectoral policy interventions to transform rural health and schooling. These interventions would entail the coordination of community development strategies, health and rural education policies and poverty alleviation strategies. Secondly, the results of the study point to the need for the development of affordable distance learning packages as the only realistic strategy and lever for enhancing and upgrading the quality of rural schooling. Thirdly, but most importantly, emergence measures to provide personal protective clothing for rural populations should be declared a national priority, otherwise protecting one sector of the society is not sustainable. In light of these findings, this study recommends that policy formulators in the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (MOPSE) should create a forum or mechanism where they formulate a common framework for engaging rural schools in a coherent and coordinated manner. Similarly, the ministry responsible for teacher education should reconfigure teacher training policies and practices to ensure that rural teachers are equipped with the knowledge, skills and competences to develop distance education learning materials and to manage composite classes. Such interventions and strategies would undoubtedly lead to the provision and transformation of rural schooling.
Page(s): 531-540 Date of Publication: 23 July 2021
Download PDF
This paper investigates the poverty risk profile by gender headship in Cameroon using a twofold methodological approach based on data from the fourth Cameroonian household survey (ECAM 4). These methodological approaches enabled us to define four heterogeneous sub-groups (de facto and de jure female-headed households, single and in union male-headed households) and also to analyse the correlates of consumption spending, vulnerability to poverty as well as its causes (poverty or risk induced vulnerability) in each group of households. Two main results emerge from this work. First, the lower vulnerability level is observed in single men group and the highest in married men group (18.55 against 49.79). Between de facto and de jure female-headed households, the difference is at least 3 points in favour of de jure female-headed households. Furthermore, the vast majority of households appear to be affected by low expectation of consumption except single men-headed households for whom the risk induced vulnerability (estimated at 10.88) is higher than poverty induced vulnerability. This result points to large potential gains from social risk management policies targeting poverty risk while taking into account the gender bias.
Page(s): 541-549 Date of Publication: 23 July 2021
Download PDF
Providing accurate information is one of the things that is very necessary when on the road, the task is the government and the police in providing information to the public what is happening on the road-ways with accurate information so that people can sort and choose which way they can and which way they can’t take, therefore one of them is the use of videotron. A Videotron is one of the information media provided by certain parties on the highway. With this, it can help the public know what happened to the highway in front of it and when did it happen. The method used in this research is by referring to previous studies as the basis for future research. There are many videotron methods used to provide traffic information to motorists on the highways, one of which is by running text on the side of the road so that motorists can know and read what is happening in front of them, for example, accidents with this method are very common. Effective but with the new method using videotron it will be much more effective to provide information to the public what is happening on highways. Study will prove that the effectiveness of videotron in providing information to the public, especially information on traffic services on the highways and can provide what happens on the highway in front of it, for example, crime and accidents. Therefore, with information, can find other routes so that no traffic jam on the highway.
Page(s): 550-553 Date of Publication: 24 July 2021
Download PDF
ICT plays an important role in the achievement of government’s operations effectiveness and efficiency. There has been a multi-million dollar ICT-support initiative by the kenyan government and World Bank which aims at improving government service delivery. However, there still exists a high failure rate of other government ICT projects. Moreover, there has been an increase in ineffective and inadequate use of e-government services regardless of several developments in e-government in most developing countries. The study adopts the government to citizen’s model. The research sought to determine the influence of E-Government to citizen’s model on service delivery at Embu Huduma Centre. This study is grounded on Unified theory of acceptance, technology adoption model theory. The study targeted all government agencies offering their services at the centre which comprised of all 56 frontline officers. This made it to be a census study. The study established that the E-citizen portal had greatly influenced service delivery. Further the findings from the correlation analysis indicated that there was significant and progressive influence on E-government to citizen model on service delivery as it had resulted into improved customer satisfaction. The study recommends that further research can be done in other huduma centers across the Country to help in comparison and expansion of the study findings..
Page(s): 554-558 Date of Publication: 24 July 2021
Download PDF
The advent and propagation of the COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted a big blow on the manner in which knowledge is imparted and acquired across the globe. While some schools and universities have simply been shutdown, most Cameroon universities have resorted to the adoption of both online and offline ways of course delivery to students as a means to ensure pedagogical continuity. The question that arises however is, what are the impacts of hybrid education model in Cameroon universities? This study therefore examines the opportunities and challenges relating thereto. It is a mixted study, involving interviews and questionnaires. The content analyses approach was used with the help of Homi Bhabha’s Hybridity theory and results revealed that in as much as instructors and learners were not adequately prepared to cope with the situation and there is an acute shortage of technological infrastructures and facilities to sustain effective teaching-learning, the COVID-19 pandemic period is disruptive in the positive sense and innovative as it has ‘upskilled’ and reconfigured their previous practices. From these results, it is clear that the COVID-19 pandemic period is both a curse and blessing to Cameroon university instructors and students.
Page(s): 559-564 Date of Publication: 25 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5632Download PDF
This study deals with the regulation of mobile financial transaction services in Bangladesh. It mainly focuses on the constraints and prospects of the regulation of mobile banking services industry. It justifies the selection of the regulation of mobile banking market as the services are growing rapidly and facing many challenges including dominant market share. Quality regulatory framework may promote the competitiveness of the industry and public interest at the next level. The secondary sources of data have been used mainly in this research. It follows content analysis as qualitative research method. The study finds that Bangladesh Bank as ‘independent’ regulatory agency, ministry of finance, the parliamentary standing committee on ministry of finance, directorate of national consumer rights protection, Bangladesh competition commission and the association of bankers- Bangladesh are main actors involved in the regulatory arrangements. The major constrains of this industry include excessive service fees, regulation of transaction ceiling, fraudulent practices, maintaining service quality, and monopoly of service providers. The prospects include inception of regressive service fee, safety of user and technology, expansion of services, using fin-tech innovations for huge users and market improvement, creating level playing field for all operators including state-owned provider, and interoperability facilities. Therefore, the policy makers and regulators including the Bangladesh Bank should take into account the above findings to improve mobile banking services in Bangladesh.
Page(s): 565-570 Date of Publication: 25 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5633Download PDF
“Food is who we are in a deepest sense, and not because it is transformed into blood and bone. Our personal gastronomic traditions- what we eat, the foods, and foodways we associate with the rituals of childhood, marriage and parenthood, moments around the table, celebrations- are critical component of our identities. To recall them in desperate circumstances is to reinforce a sense of self and to assist us in our struggle to preserve it.” This above statement is the reflection of the situation the author had went through. It also explains the psychological ways dealing with the struggles in the concentration camp of Terezin. The tiny hope they had about the future. Seeking of satisfaction and happiness in that ghetto life through deepest involvement into something that serves the need to mind, that connects people with their most familiar circumstances, which are more or less a symbol of one’s self and identity. There are many aspects highlighted in the statement. It said that food is not merely what we are eating and hence our body is transforming into something good. Rather it’s beyond that. Food is, almost similar to the definition of culture, what we are.
Page(s): 571-575 Date of Publication: 26 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5634Download PDF
Nigeria major source of foreign earning has been from crude oil which has caused decline in manufacturing sector output over the years. This situation often leads to oil price fluctuations that adversely affect budget performance. The existing literatures in Nigeria has focused largely on agricultural productivity to determine the existence of Dutch Disease (DD) in Nigeria, but paid less attention to the manufacturing sector output. The study therefore, examined the presence of DD in Nigeria from the scope of manufacturing sector from 1981-2019. The data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Thereafter, The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Phillip Peron (PP) unit root test and Johansen Co-integration for pre-test; while, Toda-Yamamoto (TY) causality test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were used for the formulated objectives. The ADF and PP unit root test confirmed stationarity of all the variables at first level difference. The Johansen co-integration established two co-integration relationships at 5% level of significance. The TY confirmed one-way causality from oil revenue to manufacturing sector output in Nigeria. The lagged error correction (ECM-1) confirmed that disequilibrium that occurred in the model from the short-run to long-run was corrected at an annual rate of 4.9%. The VECM discovered that natural log of oil revenue and exchange rate were significance and indirectly related to manufacturing sector output; while, natural log of government expenditure was significant and directly relate to it with their absolute t-statistics (1.69764), (9.92788) and (3.2788) greater than t-values (t0.05= 2.056, t0.1 = 1.706) respectively. Also, trade openness exhibited a direct relationship on manufacturing sector output but non-significance. The study therefore, concluded that the presence of DD in Nigeria was driven by increase in oil revenue. Therefore, recommended that Nigeria’s government should continuously encouraging productivity in manufacturing sector through increase in capital expenditure especially on infrastructural development. Also, government should see manufacturing sector as one of the present core sectors that could facilitate development and contribute greater percentage to government revenue through diversification of the economy.
Page(s): 576-585 Date of Publication: 26 July 2021
Download PDF
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of financial management practices on financial sustainability of the donor funded projects in the case of Windle International Kenya. This study used both descriptive survey design and explanatory approach. The target population was sixty eight senior management programme supervisors, field officers and finance officers who were also the respondents for this study. The study relied on primary data which was collected by use of questionnaire as the main research instrument and later analyzed by use of descriptive statistics inform of frequencies, means and standard deviations and inferential analysis such as Pearson correlations and regression analysis. The study key findings were that budgeting control, financial reporting, internal control and financial control were both used as financial management practices in the organization and they positively influenced the financial sustainability of projects in the organization. The regression analysis also indicated that budgeting control, financial reporting, internal control and financial control both have positive effect on the financial sustainability of projects in the organization. The study recommends among others that organization should consider putting various financial management practices such as budgeting control, financial reporting and internal control due to their huge significant effect on the financial sustainability of donor funded projects. Organizations have to also constantly ensure that budget timetables are developed in time and allocate budget preparation responsibilities to relevant organs, ensure the bids are evaluated and aligned with the priorities of the organization.
Page(s): 586-594 Date of Publication: 27 July 2021
Download PDF
The United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposal to achieve universal access to Primary and higher education in Zimbabwe from the attainment of independence in 1980 till the beginning of the new millennium has faced unprecedented massification of higher education. Any attempt to open up the system and introducing polices of deepening and widening access to higher education seems have inevitably led to the belief that mass education will be achieved at the price of lower quality education. Notwithstanding the wide array of challenges associated with the massification of higher education, the expansion of higher education in Zimbabwe has seen a major challenge of the decline in the quality of teaching and learning. This article examines the policy implication of mass education in Zimbabwe’s higher education and how it compromised the quality of higher education teaching and learning. The article adopts a qualitative paradigm, drawing on structure and agency theoretical view point to offer deeper insight into how higher education massification policies compromised the delivery of quality education in the Zimbabwean context of higher education. The article provides a detailed description of the way in which structures and agency have been constrained by the massification of higher education in Zimbabwe. The article also demonstrates how the critical realist theory of structure and agency can contribute towards a deeper understanding of mass education and quality decline.
Page(s): 595-603 Date of Publication: 27 July 2021
Download PDF
In every nationthe problem of unemployment is too significant to be ignored as it is necessary in assessing the level of economic activity in a country, and one of the ways with which unemployment problems can be solved is through improvements in sectoral employment. On this note studies on impact of sectoral–unemployment nexus becomes apt. Hence this study examined theimpact of sectoral growth on unemployment in Nigeria from 1997 to 2019. The study adopted OLS technique of analysis and as well subjected the data set to pre-test which include ADF unit root test, co-integration test and error correction mechanism (ECM). Based on the outcomes of the pre-test the study analysis was based on short-run estimation.From the results obtained, in the model one only the GRMER sector has the tendency to reduce RUR, in model two GRMAN and GRMER sectors exerted downward pressure on UUR and in model three GDPGR exerted upward pressure on total unemployment rate in Nigeria. From the findings of the study, we therefore conclude that government should refocus on the development of the manufacturing and merchandise sectors which are the hub of industrialisation and marketing. Government should partner with local communities to acquire mass lands that could be bequeathed to beneficiaries for commercial agriculture.
Page(s): 604-610 Date of Publication: 27 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5635Download PDF
The Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic life (CICLSAL) views the issue of Consecrated Women abandoning religious life after initial stages of formation as an emotional crisis from remote disappointments caused by an inauthentic religious community living. Failure to adjust is experienced to cause anxiety related feelings among other mental health related challenges. The study used sequential explanatory mixed research design. The study equally used census to collect data from all the 138 participants of various programs in AOSK-Chem Chemi ya Uzima Institute as per 2020 enrollment. The study was guided by cognitive behavior theory by Aaron Beck, (1960), complemented by Emotional Intelligence theory by Daniel Goleman, (1995). A Modified Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (MEIQ) based on Daniel Goleman’s Emotional intelligence, as modified by Suzanne Farmer et al., (c.2013) was used to measure the level of Emotional Intelligence. Adjustment to community living was measured using modified sub-scales; Emotional Maturity, Satisfaction with life, and Self-Efficacy Scales. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis in order to establish the extent to which each of the variables contributed to adjustment in community living. The findings reveal the overall Emotional Intelligence to have had a strong significant positive correlation with the overall adjustment to community living among Consecrated Women Religious. The finding implies that an increase in emotional intelligence would lead to a corresponding increase in adjustment to community living. Emotional Maturity was found to be a significant function of Self-awareness and self-management while Life satisfaction was also found to have a significant relationship with social-awareness. Linear regression findings indicate significant weak positive relationship between adjustment to community living with social awareness. This reveals that Consecrated Women Religious need to improve their relational domain to enjoy smooth adjustment to community living.
Page(s): 611-618 Date of Publication: 27 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5636Download PDF
The Post-Mugabe government is confronted by a crisis of expectations. The Zimbabwean citizenry and the world at large, expect the Emmerson Mnangagwa led “new dispensation” to usher democratic reforms not only in the media sector but in all political, economic and social spheres . The media sector is under spotlight and is certainly one of the key sectors that the international community is going to employ as a barometer, to gauge the extent to which the “new dispensation” has departed from the Mugabe era human rights violations. This paper gives therefore utilises the political economic approach and the polarised pluralist model as theoretical lenses to critically reflect on the progress,that has been made in instituting media reforms in Post-Mugabe Zimbabwe.The study is based on mixed methodology comprising of qualitative in depth interviews, document analysis and an ethnographic study of the Zimbabwean media environment. In light of the findings, the paper argues that although, the Post-Mugabe government has started instituting media reforms, no meaningful progress has been made as yet. The current media environment therefore, largely depicts a continuity from the Mugabe era or what this paper has dubbed “change without change”. Thus there is still need for sincerity and political will, .
Page(s): 619-629 Date of Publication: 27 July 2021
Download PDF
The objective of this study is to validate the third proposition of the Empty Nest Perspective Theory, which is, “Responses to empty nest stage differ among spouses.” This study utilized a qualitative multiple case study approach. A multiple case study enables the researcher to analyze within each and across sets. Several cases are examined to understand the similarities and differences between cases in a multiple case study. After the analysis of data utilizing qualitative content analysis method, four themes emerged: 1.) Adjustment; 2.) Coping; 3.) Not so empty nest: Keeping in touch with children, 4.) Conquering Loneliness: Strengthening relationships and exploring new roles. Response to empty nest among elderly couples is a combination of negative and positive responses. There is excitement seeing their children moving forward in life and negative emotions like grief, and loneliness. Responses may be diverse yet complement each other.
Page(s): 630-638 Date of Publication: 27 July 2021
Download PDF
In the past, both Hong Kong and Macau SARs have been influenced by the legal traditions of European origin. Since the establishment of the two SARs, how normative developments in these two jurisdictions compare with the evolution of specific legal standards in Europe continue to interest academic scholars and legal professionals. This paper aims to analyse the evolution of data protection standards in Europe and examine how its more recent transformation seeks to extend its regulatory reach upon data transfers beyond its borders. The paper will examine the European GDPR closely to determine its unique characteristics, which has the potential to drive the formation of data protection legal standards in other jurisdictions. Being one of the jurisdictions that has been influenced by certain European legal traditions in the past, Macau SAR’s interest in assessing the relevance of European data protection standards as a potential source of legal transplants in developing the domestic regulatory framework is natural. Therefore, the paper will examine how the Macau domestic legal standards governing the protection of personal data have been influenced by European standards. It will also examine the potential of the GDPR standards as a source of influence for the future development of data protection standards in Macau. The paper concludes with an argument that beyond any comparative analysis with other regional experiences like the European GDPR, Macau SAR should consciously seek to increase harmonisation of its data protection regimes viz a viz other international and regional markets like the PRC and Hong Kong SAR to facilitate the aspiration of the regional economic integration in the Greater Bay Area in southern China.
Page(s): 639-650 Date of Publication: 27 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5637Download PDF
This study attempts to examine the impact of gas production on economic growth in Nigeria from 1985-2020. The objective of the study broadly is to determine the impact of gas production growth rate on economic growth rate in Nigeria. In a bid to ascertain the impact of gas utilization growth rate on economic growth rate in Nigeria and determine the impact of gas flared growth rate on economic growth rate in Nigeria, Secondary data were collected based on the model used in the research work, through the use of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as estimation technique. As required of time series data Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) for stationarity test, that is unit root test was conducted on the data and the variables were stationary at level form I(0), after which Johansen co-integration test was conducted and the variables were co-integrated showing evidence of long-run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Level form I(0) stationarity indicates short run instability, as a result the study analysis is based on long run analysis. The result obtained from empirical analysis shows that there exist 47% goodness of fit between the dependent and independent variables. Economically, Growth Rate of Gas Utilized (GRGU) and Growth Rate of Gas Flared(GRGF) confirmed to a priori expectation. Statistically, GRGU and GRGF were positively significant and the overall statistical test indicates positive significant relationship. By implication GRGU and GRGF is favorable to the Nigerian economy. This study recommended that the government should set a benchmark for gas production efficiency and withdraw license from companies that failed to comply. There should be proper accountability, transparency and sell-off of compromise and Corrupt practices by adhering to economic rationalities rather than political expediencies.
Page(s): 651-658 Date of Publication: 28 July 2021
Download PDF
Higher and tertiary education is essential for economic and political development of a country and is vital to competitiveness in an increasing globalizing knowledge society. Quality Assurance (QA) in higher education is a wide subject and during the last decade, it has been given great attention. Since the implementation of the Bologna process in 1999, QA in higher education has been one of the main concerns. Quality culture has become a widespread concept in Zimbabwean higher education context of QA for the past years. In Zimbabwe and perhaps the entire African region, structured national QA processes in higher education are a very recent phenomenon and where these structures have been established, institutions face major capacity constraints. The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges of implementing QA in the Zimbabwean context of higher education. The study reports on the experiences of academics in implementing QA in two universities in Zimbabwe. From the study, it was shown that there concerns about the quality of higher education in Zimbabwe are on the rise and the major challenges where highlighted.
Page(s): 659-668 Date of Publication: 28 July 2021
Download PDF
The paper examined Local Government and its development capabilities in Nassarawa Local Government Area of Kano State. The theoretical framework for this paper is anchored on Amartya Sen’s capability approach. The first clarification that needs to be made is to ask whether the capability approach is a well-defined theory, or something broader, like a paradigm. In its most broad form, the capability approach can indeed be considered to be a paradigm. However, not everyone uses it as such. It could help to distinguish between three different levels at which the capability approach is operating: first, as a framework of thought for the evaluation of individual advantage and social arrangements. Second, as a critique of other approaches to the evaluation of well-being and justice. Third, as a formula or algorithm to make interpersonal comparisons of welfare or well-being. The capability approach is primarily and mainly a framework of thought, a mode of thinking about normative issues, hence – loosely defined – a paradigm. Sen has stressed that the capability approach can be used for a wide range of purposes (Sen, 1993). What does it mean to see the capability approach as a general framework of thought for the assessment of individual advantage and social arrangements? The capability approach focuses on the information that we need to make judgments about individual well-being, social policies, and so forth, and consequently rejects alternative approaches that it considers normatively inadequate, for example when an evaluation is done exclusively in monetary terms. The paper utilized primary data collected from a sample of 267 respondents using self-administered questionnaire, descriptive statistical technique using simple percentage presented in form of table and chart was employed to analyze the data collected. The paper revealed that Nassarawa Local Government has the capability to act and commit, that Nassarawa Local Government deliver on development projects; that Nassarawa Local Government has the capability to relate with external stakeholders, and that Nassarawa Local Government adapt and self-renew. The paper, therefore recommends; that the Nassarawa Local Government should improve on her capability to act and commit by ensuring that it effectively able to make decisions and commitments on viable policies that will improve the development capabilities of the Local Government, that the Nassarawa Local Government should improve on her capability to deliver on development projects by ensuring that the local government have sufficient and capable staff; clear organizational responsibilities; adequate financial resources; and effective administrative mechanisms in place, that the Nassarawa Local Government should improve on its capability to adapt and self-renew by regularly monitoring and evaluating the progress made on its development objectives, and encourage internal learning and reflection, that the Nassarawa Local Government should improve on her capability to relate with external stakeholders by adopting the policy of Public-Private Partnership as well as establishing a cordial relationship with NGs and international organizations.
Page(s): 669-678 Date of Publication: 28 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5638Download PDF
The African continent continues to support UNESCO’s and United Nations Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) lifelong efforts of deepening and widening access to higher education extending to distance education initiatives. Sustainable development in education is understood as the provision of quality and prosperous education, which is sustainable for the environment and has become the world’s first and most important concern, as it is the only path towards economic development, eradication of hunger and survival of our species. Sustainable quality education entails the acquisition of both physical and intellectual skills which will enable individuals to be self- reliant and useful members of society. Education for sustainable development encompasses improving higher education, reorienting the education system to address sustainability, improving awareness and providing training to many sectors of society. The rapid growth of higher education in Zimbabwe seems to inevitably lead to the belief that mass higher education has been achieved at the price of lower quality higher education. Using semi structured face to face interviews with higher education directors, and purposely selected students from three universities, the study established that Zimbabwe was still facing multiple challenges of providing quality sustainable higher education and would require a quick fix. In this study we argue that quality higher education is crucial to achieve the sustainable development goals and the achievement of quality learning in the entire education system. The chapter highlights some of the strategies that can be adopted to achieve sustainable quality higher education in Zimbabwe and probably Africa as a whole to promote excellence, sustainability and development in higher education.
Page(s): 679-689 Date of Publication: 28 July 2021
Download PDF
Humans are one of the biggest causes of environmental damage. Of course, this is contrary to what God wants as it is written in the Bible, that humans should live in harmony with nature, by protecting and managing it. For this reason, the authors raise the topic of “Developing Eco-Theological Concepts in Indonesia” to answer the need for environmental problems in Indonesia so that they can be resolved properly and to fulfill the will of God at the same time. The authors used a research method in the form of library research by using several existing literature sources to support the authors’ thoughts. The conclusion of this study is that there are three groups of people that can help develop the concept of eco-theology in Indonesia, namely (1) the general public, by returning to the Theocentric concept of the Bible; (2) educational institutions, by incorporating an ecopedagogy-based curriculum; (3) the Indonesian government, by developing and promoting research from previous researchers regarding the development of the ecogreen concept in Indonesia.
Page(s): 690-694 Date of Publication: 28 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5639Download PDF
This paper focuses on the embedded political undertones produced and reproduced by English Premiership League (EPL) football viewers in Zimbabwe’s new political discursive spheres – Beer Halls. It explores the nexus of football fans viewership patterns, commentary and how these attitudes reflect on how football viewership reproduces underlying political fractures that exist in Zimbabwe. Largely credited to the Frankfurt theorist, Jurgen Habermas (1960) a public sphere is an imaginary community which does not necessarily exist in any identifiable space which is made up of private people gathered together as a public and articulating the needs of society. Often football viewership becomes an outlay of wider societal struggles. Beer halls offer space for the playing out of these power dynamics which manifest through football fans viewership and commentary. This article explores the authors’ ethnographic encounters with EPL viewers in beer halls. It explores how football commentary is not monolithic but has in it subtle undertones which speaks to the socio-political tensions in Zimbabwe. Football viewership and commentary in Zimbabwe’s beer halls is fraught with power undercurrents.
Page(s): 695-703 Date of Publication: 28 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5640Download PDF
Specifically tailored to enhance youth development with focus on self-employment through entrepreneurship, the youth enterprise development fund programmes activities that enhance knowledge, skills and attitudes to entrepreneurship in Kenya. In Homa-Bay Town Constituency, little has been however known about the extent to which this initiative has contributed to performance of youth owned enterprises. Purpose of the study was to assess influence of credit access and growth of youth owned enterprises in Homa-Bay Town Constituency. The study was guided by three research objectives; investigate influence of credit access by youth on the performance of youth owned enterprises, examine effect of entrepreneurial skills and business skills development on the growth of youth owned enterprises, establish the role of the fund in marketing and growth of youth owned enterprises in Homa-Bay Town Constituency conducted a bay and town on the south shore of Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria in Western Kenya. The constituency in Homa-Bay County, performs below the national average of 0.56 on most socio-economic indicators; 0.46 on the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite measure of development that combines indicators of life expectancy, educational attainment and income. A descriptive research design that adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. The study targeted youth entrepreneurs and financial intermediaries. Total population of registered youth entrepreneurs in Homa-Bay Town Constituency was not known. Hence snowball sampling was used whereby initial subjects with desired characteristics were identified using purposeful sampling technique. Identified subjects named others that they knew who had similar characteristics until the researcher got the required number of cases required. A sample frame was drawn from youth entrepreneurs who operated registered businesses and were beneficiaries of formal and enterprise financing. Self administered semi-structured questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews Guides were used to collect quantitative data and qualitative data respectively. Study instruments were pre-tested and appropriate changes made before commencement of data collection, a pilot study was similarly be done. Reliability and validity of data collection tools was ensured. Chi square test was used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was organized into patterns and themes and triangulated with quantitative data. Findings revealed that the fund was accessible but youth faced regulatory challenges which affected their enterprises. Youth entrepreneurship trainings were mostly done by banks and non-governmental organizations, youth enterprise development fund did the least number of trainings. Marketing limitations were experienced by small-medium enterprises. Study findings recommended conducive business environments, adequate government regulation and intensification youth entrepreneurship.
Page(s): 704-710 Date of Publication: 29 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5641Download PDF
This study appraised the impact of capital market development on economic growth in Nigeria between 1990 and 2015. The study used Gross Domestic Product as the dependent variable and also used foreign direct investment, government expenditure, market capitalization, all share index, number of transactions, credit to private sector and stock turnover ratio as independent variables coupled with the use of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Granger Causality technique revealing that capital market development has positive effect on economic growth. Hence, it is recommended that participation within the market should be encouraged as various entities within the economy should be encouraged to invest in the capital market through various incentives in a bid to spur economic growth
Page(s): 711-716 Date of Publication: 29 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5643Download PDF
This paper analyzes the influence of corruption and other explanatory variables on the economic growth of East African countries over the period from 2013 to 2017. The study uses a panel data technique. Our empirical results found a negative effect of corruption on economic development. This gravitates to backing the “sand the wheels” hypothesis and controverts the “grease the wheels” proposition which suggests the possibility of corruption compensating the bad governance. Likewise, findings are obtained from the regulatory quality variable. However, regarding the other explanatory variables, the imported variable is statistically significant and has a positive effect on the economic growth of East African countries. While export and foreign direct investments are insignificant. Although various studies investigate the link between corruption and economic output very few studies focus on the East African region, therefore the result of this study is expected to offer robust evidence on policymakers, governments, and scholars.
Page(s): 717-723 Date of Publication: 29 July 2021
Download PDF
Urban settings currently provide the main arena for shaping gender relations. The process of urbanization provides both advantages and disadvantages for gender equality and the empowerment of women. In turn, gender relations are often critical in shaping the urbanization process itself, affecting decisions as to who migrates to cities, as well as how the household unit, family roles and local community organizations will be structured in the urban context. Urban conditions are frequently more difficult for women and children, especially among the poor, exposing them to new forms of exploitation and discrimination, in addition to greater environmental risks. Urban settings can, however, also present new opportunities for gender equality. This paper addresses some of these contradictory trends with respect to several interrelated issues and concludes that a gender-sensitive approach to urban governance would increase women’s participation in the development of human settlements and improve the performance of cities in taking advantage of the urban potentials for social improvement.
Page(s): 724-728 Date of Publication: 29 July 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5642Download PDF
This study assessed the extent to which the government policy on bursary allocation and bursary funds awarded influences the education wastage in public secondary schools in Kandara Sub-county. The target population was 360 students, 40 class teachers and 20 school principals. Data collection was done using descriptive statistics. From the findings, there was a response from 238 students. Findings showed that (50%) of the parents/Guardians are not in any form of employment, (33.6 %) are self employed, (7.6%) are employed in private sector and only 8.8% are employed by government where job security is guaranteed. From the findings majority of the students (55.0%) who applied for bursary funds received, while (45.0%) attested that they had never received bursary funds even after applying for it. Also there were some students who dropped out of for the past four years due to lack of school fees whereby in Form 1 (17.6%), form 2 (39.0%), Form 3(32.4%) and Form 4 (11.0%) a clear indicator that majority of students drop out of school in form two level, where parents/Guardians experience more burdens in terms of school fees payments contributing to the education wastage. Also (23.1%) of students repeated classes due to lack of school fees and because they are not consistent in school attendance, they end up not proceeding to the next class, hence contributing to the education wastage. Majority of students (45.0%) had been send home for school fees balances and they were absent for 1 to 2 weeks, (15.0%) were absent for 3 to 4 weeks, while (12.2%) were absent for more than a month. This depicts that majority of the students come from financially unstable families and spent a significant amount of their time at home due to school fees problems. To minimize the education wastage the Government should scale up the amount allocated to bursary funds in both the Constituency and County, to make sure that all the needy students from the poor households benefit from this funds and the policy laid down should be reviewed as per the challenges experienced in the past, devising new ways of supporting needy students with minimal political interference. In deed Government funding in form of bursary, if well embraced, it will reduce the education wastage that has been experienced in Kandara sub-County, since it will enhance equity in access, retention and transition of students in public secondary schools.
Page(s): 729-737 Date of Publication: 29 July 2021
Download PDF