This paper examined inflation, its causes, and, as a case study, the reason for the year 2008 inflation rate increase and India’s response to combating the same. From the year 2000 until the end of 2007, India’s inflation rate remained relatively stable between 5 and 7 percent. Although the Reserve Bank of India had set a target inflation rate of 4.11 percent for 2008, the inflation rate skyrocketed, shocking everyone. Recent inflation rate growth has kept India’s central bank, RBI, on edge. This article examines the dynamics of inflation, the reason for its sudden rise, and India’s response to containing inflation. Speculation in the markets, a lack of food products, a rise in global prices, and an overabundance of money are discussed as some of the major causes of India’s rising inflation rate. We also discuss the inflation of 2022, which is caused by a variety of factors, such as supply chain disruptions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war.
Page(s): 01-04 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
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This article discusses the challenges and prospects in the national textile industry. As an important industry in economic development, the textile industry needs regulatory support and strategic policies to overcome several upstream and downstream obstacles. From the upstream industry, TPT includes the fiber industry, spinning, and yarn, knitting, stamping, and finishing, while downstream, it includes the apparel industry. Through the right policies, the textile industry is expected to be able to absorb labor, support national economic growth, and realize clothing resilience. This research uses empirical juridical research methods through tracing and studying secondary data in the form of laws and regulations, academic manuscripts, policy recommendations, and scientific papers of experts in the cybersecurity and empowerment of the small and medium enterprises sector. Secondary data are obtained through Library Research from printed and electronic library materials. Doctrinal research is needed to understand the legal norms that are currently in force (Law in the Book) through a statute approach and a conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach). The results showed that some of the obstacles to the textile industry include limited transportation and electricity infrastructure, low quality of human resources, and access to financing, which is still narrow. For this reason, regulations and policies are needed to guarantee the financing of the textile industry, as well as innovation support for research institutions and related institutional cooperation—notably the Indonesia Central Bank (B.I.) and Financial Services Authority.
Page(s): 05-15 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6901Download PDF
This study on importance of market in the location of industries determined the relative contribution of market facilities in the locations of industrial plants at the 9th Mile area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Survey research design was involved and field data were obtained using the methods of questionnaire, guided interview, documentary materials, and field observations. The statistical techniques used in the analyses of the field data were; Percentage contributions and graphs (pie, and bar graphs), the weights of raw material inputs per month/year were compared with the weights of the products per month/year using Weber’s Material Index (M.I.) method, standardised matrix score, and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analytical technique which was used to identify the level of significance of the market contributions in the locations of the industrial plants in the study area. The results of the analyses reveal that market facilities contributed in the location decisions of 28 (87.5%) of the 32 studied industrial plants in the area in which 17 and 11 industrial plants indicated that it is 1st and 2nd order factors in their locations in the study area respectively. Only 4 (12.5%) industrial plants did not consider market as an important variable in their decision to locate in the area. With frequency score of 28 (8.8%), it obtained 2nd position among the 23 identified factors in the locations of the studied 32 industrial plants in the area. The result of MLR analyses showed that market facilities contributed significantly (0.042) in the locations of the 32 sampled industrial plants in the area. In this regard, it is recommended for entrepreneurs to have eyes in the market facilities in their location decisions. Also, industries should be attracted in the study area as a result of the influx and the available industrial resources in the area.
Page(s): 16-28 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
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Agricultural policies in Kenya tend to influence agricultural related aspects such as resource allocation to agriculture, input and out price stability, budget allocation and investments in agriculture. Rice has always been considered in the blanket agricultural policies and strategies such as the earliest National Development Plans that were developed immediately after gaining independence. However, it is of recent that stand-alone rice-related policies and strategies have emerged. To understand the impacts of agricultural policies in Kenya on rice value chain, a review based on the already published literature from the colonial period to date was conducted. During the colonial period, government policies were favourable towards export crops such as tea, coffee, cotton and pyrethrum. Rice indirectly benefited from the general rehabilitation of infrastructure. During the post-independence era, the main goal of policies within Kenya were equitable distribution of income, transfer of land, smallholder development. It was marked with establishment of main rice irrigation schemes. In 2008, a stand-alone rice specific National Rice Development Strategy phase one was developed to drive the development within the rice value chain. The second phase runs from 2019 to 2030. Most of the targets have been achieved, however, productivity has still stagnated thus the reliance on importation to meet the domestic demand. Inclusion of rice farming communities in the development of rice-related strategies and interventions can generate greater ownership of rice interventions. Learning from the previous intervention and fast tracking the implementation of the plans and policies can better guide the attainment of the objectives.
Page(s): 29-35 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
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The principal objective of property management is to maintain a property in a state to command the greatest possible net return and to protect the owners capital investment at all times. Commercial properties are often relatively large and complex buildings which are multi-stored or high rise type. The complexity is viewed in terms of the bigness of the structure and diverse multiple occupants inform the need for specialized skill and training for effective and efficient service delivery. The absence of property management negatively affects the physical condition of commercial property due to poor maintenance. Therefore, it is important that the commercial properties are maintained in a sound condition to provide the greatest possible economic return. Effective property management is the only antidote necessary to generate maximum returns on property investment especially at this period of global economic crunch. The study adopted quantitative design. The population of the study are Estate Surveying and Valuation firms located in Enugu State. Hence the total population for the study is Forty-two (42). The study adopted simple random method while sample size is 38. The data was computed using factor analysis, variance, rotated component matrix and multiple regression analysis. The result confirms that poor usage of commercial properties is major problem confronting the management of commercial properties in Enugu which are not significant on commercial properties in Enugu. The implication is that problems associated with the management of commercial properties in Enugu does not have adversely affect the prospects attributed to such property investment.
Page(s): 36-41 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
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Ever since the Coronavirus (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in early 2020, it has spread to over 200 countries across the globe, claiming over 6 million lives, disrupting the world economy, and impeding the United Nations global development framework (Sustainable Development Goals). Due to the challenges posed by the virus, several agreements, policies, and efforts have been made at the international level to curb the spread of the deadly virus. This study, therefore, examined the global policies of COVID-19 towards the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria with a specific focus on SDG-3 which aims at “Good Health and Well‐Being”. The data analysed in this study were sourced through a structured questionnaire. 70 copies of questionnaires were distributed Oyo State SDGs Office and some selected health institutions in Oyo State. The results of the findings showed that WHO and the World Powers have been assisting Nigeria with health equipment, funds, and the development of healthcare centres in the fight against the epidemic. The study, however, concluded that the achievement of the SDG-3 by the year 2030 depends on the actions and policies of the government, the policy-makers and the several agencies saddled with a matter concerning health matters and national development. The study implored the world powers and other developed countries to continue with the supply of humanitarian, materials, medical and financial assistance to the developing countries so the entire world can achieve SDG-3 by 2030. The study further recommends that. the government, health institutions, and several concerned Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) take necessary actions to ensure other health-related issues are not neglected while tackling COVID-19.
Page(s): 42-51 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6902Download PDF
ALKI waters as strategic straits are Indonesian seawaters that have complex characteristics and are prone to infiltration by foreign ships. Currently, the Indonesian Navy is still focusing on security at sea level, while with current technological advances, many foreign submarines are using the underwater area to commit transnational crimes. The area under the water surface that is used is the shadow zone, which has the potential as a hiding place for submarines. The shadow zone is a safe zone where the temperature and salinity of the layer reflect the propagation of incoming sound waves so that submarines can avoid detection by Sonar. This paper aims to provide an alternative solution to the use of acoustic tomography technology by installing the Sonobuoy and Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) to monitor the movement of foreign submarines entering Indonesian territory, especially through strategic straits. This study uses mixed methods, to process quantitative data from the questionnaires from the respondents regarding the criteria and alternatives to determine the coordinates of the Sonobuoy placement with the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the detection probability theory approach. To process the quantitative data (shadow zone and submarine detection), the researchers simulated and modeled sound wave propagation from SOSUS using the parabolic equation method which was processed using MATLAB and the Act up v.2.2L toolbox, and processing qualitative data from interviews with experts would be analyzed to complete the quantitative data. The results of the research showed that the optimal placement priority and number of Sonobuoys were obtain. From the optimization of the sound wave propagation simulation by paying attention to hydro-oceanographic data in the form of temperature, salinity, and speed of sound. It is also obtaining the placement position and number of SOSUS with the concept of fixed sonar array operation, which is expect to be able to know the shadow zone and detect foreign submarines to support the underwater defense system in the Indonesian archipelago
Page(s): 52-74 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
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What role does empirical research play in developing a constructive theory of Christian ethics, job satisfaction, and employee retention in Ghana’s security services? Specific empirical investigation of Christian ethics, employee work happiness, and retention are discussed in this paper. The paper examines the influence of Christian ethics and job satisfaction on employee retention in the security services in Ghana. Organizations can avoid the inconvenient consequences of high attrition by identifying the factors that drive employee retention and how to improve them. In recent years, the academic idea of Christian ethics, job satisfaction and employee retention has piqued the interest of researchers in the domains of the security services, management, social psychologies, and practical operations. The influence of Christian ethics on employee job satisfaction and retention has a positive impact on employee retention in the security services in Ghana. Several factors directly or indirectly impact employee’s satisfaction at work hence their retention. Security services that create work cultures that attract, motivate, and retain skilled individuals will do better in today’s competitive world. Organizations’ key challenges today are not only managing their human resources but also satisfying and retaining them. Securing and retaining a talented workforce is critical for every organization, especially in the Ghanaian security services as their knowledge and skills have become increasingly significant in achieving and maintaining security at its highest standard.
Page(s): 75-85 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
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Electoral Related Violence (ERV) is a common feature of elections in some countries around the world; however it is more prevalent in developing countries. The resultant effects of ERV are similar in most settings where it is experienced. Such effects include poor democratic systems, unpopular governments and loss of lives and property among others. ERV is broadly divided into pre election, election and post election violence. This study seeks to explore the measures that can be taken towards the prevention, control and mitigation of ERV. For the purpose of this study, the mixed methods research was employed, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed in the data gathering process. A total of 500 randomly selected respondents who were employees of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) were used for the study. A cross sectional survey was carried out; the respondents were interviewed and further issued questionnaires designed to gather relevant data. Data from this study showed that the male participants (68%) constituted the majority of the total respondents who participated in the study. The age distribution of respondents showed that 38% of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 31 and 40 years, furthermore, about 71% of the respondents have witnessed various forms of ERV and only about 3% of the respondents still held some excitement about participating in core electoral activities. Results obtained from the study showed that the mitigation of ERV will mainly require a comprehensive health policy to cater for the needs of those affected by ERV. The study explored other settings where there were incidences of ERV and the measures that were taken to address it. The study further proffered recommendations on measures that can be taken to prevent, control or mitigate ERV. It recommended proper training for electoral workers, improved voter education, De-glamorization of Political Office, improved security presence and performance, control of corruption and the adoption of modern technology in the electoral process among other measures.
Page(s): 86-99 Date of Publication: 26 September 2022
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This paper explores Kisii women’s participation in general elections since 2013. Contrary to scholarship that overemphasizes how patriarchal mechanisms keep women out of the political sphere, the chapter explores the experiences of women in their local context to show the reality of how the interplay between patriarchal structures and processes within the realm of Abagusi traditions and state projects, and the persistence of matrilineal practices and ideologies has contributed to the way women navigate the political space in Kisii county. We focus on how women negotiated the patriarchal electoral terrain in their positions as political ‘managers’ – as mobilizers and convincing agents. We argue that women’s political participation has been shaped by historical, social and cultural processes, and continues to be informed by gendered maternal ideologies that formed a crucial ground for negotiation and renegotiation of women’s political performances in the general elections. We conclude that while the prevailing patriarchal climate in Kisii county inspired largely by tradition and kin relations, limits women’s ascension into elective positions, it complexly provides them an opportunity to perform public politics.
Page(s): 100-110 Date of Publication: 27 September 2022
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Page(s): 111-120 Date of Publication: 28 September 2022
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The study assessed the influence of the Advisory role of PPDA Authority on corruption in Kabale municipal council. The main objective was to establish the influence of the Advisory role of PPDA Authority on corruption in Kabale municipal council. A descriptive correlational research design was used to get information from a cross-section of respondents using census and simple random sampling techniques; a sample size of 147 respondents was selected from a target population of 233 subjects. Data was analyzed using SPSS and the results were as follows. The average of results of the claims set in the questionnaires obtained indicate that PPDA’s advisory role was found to be significant on corruption in Kabale municipal council. Basing on correlation co-efficient between PPDA roles and corruption, the study thus concluded that PPDA roles significantly combat corruption especially through its advisory roles. In recommendation, PPDA Authority should routinely apply and enhance its advisory and compliance monitoring roles while carrying out pilot schemes to actually predict their impact. PPDA Authority should develop interim, spot checks and progress audits to promote transparency, accountability and value for money. PPDA Authority should develop and advocate for programs to monitor the welfare of procurement officers including sponsorship for professional courses irrespective of whether they are central or local government employees. PPDA should advocate for inclusion of area political representatives for certification of completed works, supplies and services to improve the quality in contracted projects
Page(s): 121-127 Date of Publication: 28 September 2022
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Page(s): 128-134 Date of Publication: 28 September 2022
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Sierra Leone’s educational system has made a remarkable recovery in several interventions over the years. The Government of Sierra Leone is firmly committed to building a solid foundation for quality education. With this priority given to the education sector, the Government is firmly committed and puts a premium on resource allocation to the education sector for sustainable development. Representatives of the ministry of education, universities authorities and communities, were also engaged in focus group discussion for an in-depth idea about the topic under review. Additional information was sought from literature published by the institutions, especially the Ministry of education and Universities. The research was limited to the Western Area. The instruments used to collect data include a questionnaire, interview and discussion. The data were analysed qualitatively. Various parameters were analysed, such as compulsory Education by law, Free Primary education, principles of Discrimination, the building of schools all over the country, Distance Education programs, Guidance and Counselling in Schools, Emphasis on Girl child education, and Quality education for quality life in Sierra Leone, Promoting accessibility and many more. This research yielded a very fruitful result in the development of the country over these years to the present. Compulsory Education with the strict conditions attached to it increased the roll of pupils in schools. Today illiterate parents can boast of literate children, wherein such children give birth to children that they can take care of in terms of basic needs such as education, food, morals, shelter, clothing etc. With adult education all over the country, there is a considerable reduction in illiteracy countrywide. Education is made accessible throughout the country, with at least a secondary school in all the chiefdoms. The teachers are made available in schools that are in remote areas. Guidance and Counselling help correctly place school pupils in their excellent careers in life, making education relevant and meaningful. The researcher recommended that the Government maintain continuity in its policies, continue to promote Guidance and Counselling in schools and establish a local languages department at the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
Page(s): 135-144 Date of Publication: 29 September 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6903Download PDF
The pandemic has brought challenges both to students and teachers in higher education. This study determined the level of satisfaction and difficulties encountered by criminology students at Saint Mary’s University Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines during their online modality of learning. A quantitative, inferential, and descriptive research design was used among sixty (60) respondents from sophomore to senior criminology students. The study found that criminology students were satisfied with the methods of teaching, teacher’s class requirements, teaching platforms, teacher’s consideration, time schedule of classes, and student support from the department and that they experienced difficulty to a moderate extent with the gadgets used in online classes and availability of academic resources, Respondents have a neutral level of difficulty in terms of financial source, the strength of internet signal and time availability for doing class requirements. There is a significant difference in their level of satisfaction in terms of their year level in relation to the teachers’ method of teaching, teaching platforms, teachers’ consideration, and with their internet connectivity. There is also a significant difference in their level of difficulty in online learning when the students were grouped according to their year level, financial source, gadgets, and time schedules of classes; internet connectivity when it comes to financial source, internet signal, gadgets, and academic resources; and gadgets used (Laptop) when it comes to internet signal and academic resources.
Page(s): 145-151 Date of Publication: 29 September 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6904Download PDF
The current study used the explanatory position to distinguish the relationship between cultural socialization and mental health, considering several variables for the members of the study community, who are students at A’Sharqiyah University. The sample consisted of 800 students, 435 female students, 365 male students. The current study includes five colleges of the university, namely the College of Arts and Humanities, the College of Engineering, the College of Law, the College of Business Administration, and College of Applied and Health Science and the university includes various academic degrees, namely the diploma, the bachelor’s, Master’s, for the academic year 2021/2022. The researcher used the Cultural Socialization Behaviors Measure scale (CSBM) Derlan et al (2016) and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing scale (WEMWBS) Brown and Platt (2007). To answer the research question the researchers used Mean and standard deviation, and to analyze the data it has been using T. test and ANOVA , the results show there are correlation between cultural socialization and mental health, in addition, the results indicate a noteworthy difference between male and female students in terms of cultural socialization and mental health which means this finding interpret the females are more socially and they have a more positive health pattern than males. The researcher tested the psychometric properties of the scales used in the current study, and in order to answer the three questions of the study, the following mathematical statistics were used; Pearson’s correlation coefficient, T-test, one-way ANOVA, LSD test, and regression analysis. The results of the study concluded that there is a relationship between cultural socialization and mental and psychological health, in addition to the presence of indications that there is a difference in favor of female students in cultural socialization and its impact on mental and psychological health. As for the majors offered at the university, the study did not find an impact on mental health.
Page(s): 152-158 Date of Publication: 29 September 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6905Download PDF
The aim of this contribution is to analyse the impact of rainfall variability on vegetation cover dynamics in the northern part of the Southern Rivers. The methodology adopted is based on the processing of rainfall data (1961-2018), Landsat satellite images and time series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results show a highly contrasted rainfall variability, highlighted by the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). The latter shows that annual variations in rainfall are slightly in favour of drought. The temporal profile of the NDVI revealed two periods with different rates of change. A first period from 1984 to 2000, characterised by good phenological activity, with good vegetation cover, and a second period from 2001 to 2018, marked by a significant decrease in vegetation cover. Spatial analysis of the evolution of vegetation formations reveals a north-south density gradient accompanied by an increase in dense forest and the regression of open savannah.
Page(s): 159-166 Date of Publication: 29 September 2022
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The level of exam cheating around the world has alarmed stakeholders in education who, by default, are expected to have developed students into morally upright people. The purpose of the study was an analysis of Kantian ethical principles of morality in relation to examination cheating in Kenya. The paper was guided by two objectives as follows; the phenomenon of examination cheating in Kenya and Kantian ethical principles of morality. Critical method guided the methodology of the paper. The findings concluded that the main motivator to examination cheating was institutional level compared to individual and cross-cutting levels. Also, the findings indicated that educational stakeholders and teachers were at the forefront in fostering cheating as opposed to Kantian deontological theory of ethics. Lastly, the findings concluded that the principles of universality and humanity formula are the best to be emulated by individuals to bridge the gap of disrespect to humanity rights and obligations.
Page(s): 167-173 Date of Publication: 29 September 2022
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The study was conducted in Elobied Crops Market to investigate the efficiency market hypothesis (EMH) for sesame, groundnut, and Arabic gum crops. The study used Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) method, Johansen multivariate approach, and Vector error correction model (VECM), and co-integration method. Data was obtained from the Elobied Crops Market database for annual prices and quantities of trading commodities from 1990 to 2017.The study concluded that there is a weak form of EMH for sesame and groundnut and a semi-strong of EMH for Arabic gum.
Page(s): 174-179 Date of Publication: 30 September 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6906Download PDF
This study aimed to estimate supply response crops, i.e., sesame, groundnut, sorghum, and millet, in traditional rainfed agriculture, in North Kordofan State, Sudan, from 1990 to 2015. The response is estimated as the yield and area responses to prices, temperature, and rainfall. The study depended mainly on secondary data obtained from the records of the Ministry of agriculture and animal resources, Elobied Crops Market, and Elobied Airport Metrological Station. The co-integration and vector error correction approaches were applied to estimate the response. The results found that the estimated responses of crop yield in the long run to price were negative and inelastic for sesame, groundnut, and elastic for sorghum. It was positive and inelastic for yield millet yield. The estimated responses of crop area to price in the long run were negative and inelastic for sesame, sorghum, millet, and elastic for groundnut. The estimated responses of crop yield in the long run to temperature were negative and elastic for all crops and ranged from-24.01 to -197.83. The estimated responses of crop area in the long run to temperature were positive and elastic and ranged from 37.121 to 411.747.The estimated responses of crop yield to rainfall index, in the long run, were positive and elastic for groundnut (2.357), sorghum (4.667), and millet (1.142), but it is inelastic for sesame (0.509). The responses of crop area to rainfall index were negative and elastic and ranged from -13.745 to -1.086. The study concluded that rainfall index and temperature factors are the most dominating factors influencing yield and area behavior in the long-run, hence farmers’ decisions.
Page(s): 180-189 Date of Publication: 30 September 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6907Download PDF
The youth of the present generation are faced with issues that are beyond their control. These issues are as a result of the changing world. The present world of technology, the social media, and busy family life have created a gap between children and their parents, thereby making it difficult for the two parties to relate mutually. Incidentally, the church is not immune to the challenges bedeviling the contemporary world. One of the ways by which the church is negatively affected is in the aspect of mentoring. From the Apostles’ days, mentoring process has been an effective way of helping and developing young Christians. However, the gap created between the older members and the young people in the Church through the advance in technology and human communication is somewhat rendering mentoring of little or no effect for achievement of mission goals in the 21st century. To ensure the trend does not hinder this generation from transmitting the apostolic values, which the preceding generations earnestly fought to sustain and carefully handed down to the succeeding generations, to those coming behind them, particularly in the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Nigeria, something drastic must be done. It is against this backdrop this paper sets out to review the concept of mentoring in Christendom in the 21st Century from the perspective of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Nigeria. It therefore evaluates the extent the prevalent relationship realities between the older individuals and the youth have hindered productive mentoring processes and discouraged sustainable youth development in the church.
Page(s): 190-199 Date of Publication: 30 September 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6908Download PDF
Counterfeit medicine is a dangerous problem in Bangladesh, making the country’s healthcare system more challenging. For a developing nation like Bangladesh, finding a perfect solution to curb this problem is complex. According to the World Health Organization (2021), awareness is the key to preventing the innocent patient from taking counterfeit medicine. Due to the knowledge gap, it’s hard for patients to detect the authenticity of medicine because it requires knowledge of medicinal formulation. Physicians of Bangladesh could play a vital role in preventing this counterfeit medicine problem by establishing guidance and cooperation relationships with the patients. The study reviewed the concept of counterfeit medicine, conducted a bibliometric analysis of counterfeit medicine on the Scopus database, and provided a relationship flow diagram of prospective guidance relationship between physicians and patients. The study concluded that the physicians should offer this consultation service to the patients, and the study expected that the patient willingly accepts it for getting the safeguard against counterfeit medicine.
Page(s): 200-206 Date of Publication: 01 October 2022
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The objective of this research was to find out the role of gross domestic savings and investments on the economic growth of EAC region. The study used the explanatory research design. Annual panel data obtained from World Bank development database for Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi from 2005 to 2021 were used. Levin, Lin and Chu (2002) methodology was used to test for stationarity and stabilize data. Pooled OLS regression model was used to estimate the parameters and conduct the inference. The results showed that Gross domestic investment was significant with a p-value of 0.012 at 0.05 significance level while domestic savings had insignificant effect on the GDP with a p-value of 0.069 at 0.05 level of significance. The resesearch concluded that Gross domestic investment has a significant role on economic growth while domestic savings is insignificant in determining growth for the EAC region.
Page(s): 207-211 Date of Publication: 01 October 2022
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As a consequence of the socio-economic changes that took place in Sri Lanka during the colonial era, traditional socio-economic institutions which had been executed in the past underwent a notable transformation. The emergence of new social institutions coupled with the development of a navel form of social order reached its climax under the British colonial regime. This movement contributed to introduce vast range of economic and social changes in the Lankan society during the early nineteenth century and came to be termed later as the modern period. The present study is an attempt to examine how this transition is reflected realistically in fictions pertaining to that period. For this study Marxist theory on socio-economics factors and subaltern theory is adopted in reviewing literary perspective of the contemporary society. Qualitative data analysis was the method followed in analyzing data. Proliferation of new towns was seen as an outcome of industrialization and urbanization, which eventually became the hub of business enterprises and administrative activities. These newly cropped up establishments gradually grew up exerting a great influence on the daily activities of the people of all walks of life. An in-depth study suggests that the tone of the pre-colonial Sinhala fiction, in content-wise and vision-wise was a far cry from its post-colonial counterpart. The objective of the present study is to demonstrate how far it was successful in portraying this transitionary process in a realistic perspective.
Page(s): 212-215 Date of Publication: 01 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6913Download PDF
Girl child education has been a problem in most developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. The problem of the Nigerian girl child is the cultural web in which she is caught which makes it impossible for her to compete with her peers in the developed world. Various studies have shown that there is a strong link between girls’ literacy rates and religious and traditional misconceptions. As Nigeria is a very religious country, many of its citizens tend to live according to the holy writings, be it the Bible or Quran. That is why many households think that girls should not receive education in the same way boys do, if they receive it at all. The same can be said for traditions. Many people still live with a very traditionally biased view on life. According to this view, a girl should grow up to be a mother and a housewife. Why would she need education for that? Out of these reasons stems another one: gender discrimination. Girls are discriminated based on their gender both in their communities and in schools. Their achievements are not considered as significant as the boys’ achievements are. Women’s history is not taught at schools. Less attention is paid to educating girls on the topics of their bodies and their health. In line with this background, this research work was conducted to determine the role of the print media (Daily Trust Newspaper) in promoting the girl child education through its publicities and to what extent. Internet based method was used to gather data which were analysed using descriptive method and simple percentage. The population of the study is 391 weekly editions (educational stories) within 12 months (September 2020-October 2021). The findings revealed that educational issues are paid the least attention to in news coverage in Daily Trust Newspaper when compared to other issues. It was recommended among others that the print media should make conscious effort to ensure a wider and consistent coverage of educational issues to sensitise policy makers, and other stakeholders on the importance of girl child education as this will ensure the provision of solutions to problems affecting girl child education, promoting national development.
Page(s): 216-220 Date of Publication: 01 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6909Download PDF
This study aims to examine the values of religious culture in the ngerebong tradition carried out by the Hindu community at Petilan Temple, Desa Pakraman of Kesiman, Denpasar city, Province of Bali. This research is designed as an interpretive descriptive research to find answers to problem formulations related to the background, process, and meaning of the ngerebong tradition. The results of this study found three findings. First, the cultural historical background of the ngerebong tradition is related to the respect for King of Kesiman in order to build unity with other kings, namely the eight kingdoms in Bali to participate in attending the implementation the pengilen of Ida Bhatara’s. This phenomenon is related to efforts to increase harmonious relations, both with the vertical aspect in the form of parhyangan through ritual communication, pawongan building harmonious relationships with fellow humans, and palemahan creates harmony with the surrounding environment. Second, the ngerebong tradition has a standardized procession which is carried out on the redite wuku medangsia day (the Balinese Hindu calender) by performing pengilen, which is a form of ceremony aimed at building harmony in life in this world. Third, the dominant meaning contained in the ngerebong tradition, namely religious meaning, social meaning, cultural meaning, educational meaning, aesthetic meaning and economical meaning.
Page(s): 221-231 Date of Publication: 01 October 2022
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The study investigated mental health comorbidities of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among sexually abused adolescents in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study used the correlational research design. Three research questions as well as three corresponding null hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study comprised all 14,784 senior secondary school students (SSS 1, 2 and 3) in the 16 public secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA of Rivers State. A sample of 528 adolescents was drawn for the study using the purposive sampling technique. Four instruments were used to collect data for this study. They include; Post-traumatic stress disorder index (PTSDI), Anxiety Scale (AS), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Insomnia Inventory (II). The instruments were designed on a four point Likert scale of Strongly Agree (SA) =4, Agree (A) =3, Disagree (D) =2, and Strongly Disagree (SD) =1. The Cronbach Alpha reliability was used to establish the internal consistency reliability coefficients of 0.77, 0.97 and 0.69 respectively. Responses to the research questions were answered with Pearson Product Moment Correlation, while the hypotheses were tested with independent sample t-test statistics. The findings of the study showed that social anxiety disorder, depression and insomnia relate significantly to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among sexually abused adolescents in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that, a trauma-focused cognitive bahavioural therapy (TF-CBT) should be carried out on adolescents who are sexually abused victims to identify and correct any opposing thoughts or misrepresentations they have about the traumatic event.
Page(s): 232-237 Date of Publication: 02 October 2022
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The main purpose of the study was to investigate the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on mental health of residents in Hillside in Harare. The specific objectives were finding out about the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on Hillside residents, determining the awareness level of the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on mental health amongst Hillside residents, finding out mechanisms employed by Hillside residents to cope with the psychosocial effects on mental health arising from COVID-19 and soliciting solutions on how best the COVID-19 mental health challenges can be alleviated. The research adopted a survey research strategy focusing on Hillside residents and data was collected using self-administered questionnaires from 102 respondents in Hillside in Harare. The data was then analyzed using percentages and findings from the research indicated that job insecurity, financial loss, stigmatization, infobesity and alienation due to social distancing were the main psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on Hillside residents. The research thus recommended that government should extend social support to vulnerable groups and increase awareness about psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on mental health and appropriate coping mechanisms. Similarly, individuals were urged to seek information about COVID-19 from reputable sources and adopt positive coping mechanisms to fight against mental health effects of the pandemic.
Page(s): 238-244 Date of Publication: 02 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6912Download PDF
In the process of language learning, Reading is considered a fundamental skill as it is the only means of access to written documents in a language (Alderson, 2000). With sound proficiency in reading, learners, especially at tertiary level, can achieve their academic and professional goals. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effectiveness of Collaborative Strategic Reading Instruction Approach (CSR) which is a learner centered reading approach closely related to cooperative learning theory (Klingner and Vaughn ,1996; 1998; 2000). The informants of the study were 67 lower intermediate level undergraduates from the University of Peradeniya. Data was collected through the mixed method approach. The qualitative data of the experiment demonstrated that collaborative work during the reading activities lead the learners to learn and think significantly more and better. However, the statistical analysis did not prove this method as a better method than the traditional teaching method. Thus, pedagogical implications for English instruction at university level in Sri Lanka and suggestions for future research based on the findings to further validate the impact and effectiveness of collaborative learning are proposed.
Page(s): 245-248 Date of Publication: 02 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6911Download PDF
This study investigated the sources of insecurity and possible educational continuity of Senior Secondary School Students in public schools in Oyo-South Senatorial District in Oyo State. Three (3) research questions and three (3) hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted expost- facto research design. The study consisted of 105,649 students drawn from one hundred and ninety five (195) Senior Secondary school students in public schools in Oyo–South Senatorial District in Oyo State. Stratified random sampling technique through Taro Yamane formula was used to select the sample size of 398 students from One Hundred and Ninety – Five (195) schools that participated for the study. Self –structured questionnaire designed by the researchers tilted “Sources of Insecurity and Educational Continuity of Public Senior Secondary School Students Questionnaire (SIECPSSSSQ)” was used for the study. “SIECPSSSSQ” was validated and Cronbach Alpha was used to establish the reliability indices of 0.81, 0.83, 0.92, 0.78, 0.85, and 0.71 respectively. Mean and standard deviation as well as rank order were used to answer the research questions; while Z-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study among others revealed that legislation for provision of grazing reserve for Fulani- Herdsmen settlement, marginalization of Yoruba ethnic group in project execution, giving preferential treatment to Northerners on sensitive political appointments that is against federal character principle and the available security agencies have fallen below standard to protect lives and properties. It was concluded that inability of the government to carry out its constitutional responsibility led to wanton destruction of lives and properties thereby hindering educational continuity in the area. It was recommended among others that Government and Non-Governmental Organizations should provide scholarship award, entrepreneurial education that will promote skills development among youths, and withdrawal of sensitive political appointments to a particular region that is based on federal character principle to reduce regional uprising.
Page(s): 249-261 Date of Publication: 02 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6910Download PDF
This study purposed to explore the social factors influencing undergraduate students’ attitudes towards studying physical education at the University of Nairobi. The study used cross-sectional survey design. A total of 273 students were profiled. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative data were generated by the study. The data was coded and entered into computer for analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. From the study, 32.7% of the students indicated that their parents’ career did influence their career choice. Majority, 51.7% of the respondents agreed to have been influenced by family members’ advice to pursue their careers. However, 37.5% of the students demonstrated that they were advised by their friends to choose the career they were pursuing while 44.1% were influenced by their teachers. About 64.5% agreed that they chose the career because it was prestigious while 14.7% agreed that they were influenced by their religious beliefs when it came to the choice of their career. The study recommended provision of quality equipment and resources in the university to improve the attitude of students towards studying PE, the ministry to organize seminars and workshops to create awareness on the importance of PE, further research to be done on the attitude of parents towards PE and the influence of socioeconomic background towards students’ attitude in studying physical education and sports.
Page(s): 262-266 Date of Publication: 03 October 2022
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Sumberejo Village in Pasuruan Regency, East Java, is a village that has potential assets in the agricultural and tourism sectors. The agricultural potential in Sumberejo is increasing when the super strategic commodity porang is introduced as a new commodity to be cultivated through the Sinar Agro Permata farmer group. Porang cultivation aims to advance and increase the income of the agricultural sector and empower farmers in Sumberejo. Since, porang production requires new knowledge, the Sinar Agro Permata group is still experiencing confusion and concerns about results that are not in line with existing expectations. This scientific article is the result of research on empowering agriculture communities in Sumberejo Village. The research was conducted using a mixed-method approach presented descriptively and using in-depth interview instruments, participatory observation, focus group discussions, and literature study. The research results showed that the porang commodity has not been able to provide maximum leverage for community empowerment. Porang has become a new product for Sinar Agro Permata in Sumberejo, so it requires time and ongoing assistance. With the application of the hexa-helix approach and the behavior drivers model, the research found that there are still three of the six hexa-helix components that have been integrated in this empowerment program. Meanwhile, in the behavior drivers model, this study also found that the Sumberejo community needed driving factors to the individual level to change their mindset, both in terms of farming and as farmers. It will still take time for the empowerment of the Sumberejo community with porang cultivation to reach its maximum potential. Even with the role of stakeholders who are required to be collaborative and sustainable.
Page(s): 267-273 Date of Publication: 03 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6914Download PDF
I. INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE
Grammar is one of the main tenets of language learning. According to Sioco and De Vera (2018), grammatical competence is vital in order for individuals to communicate effectively. Competence in grammar also ensures the comprehensibility of the message that is being communicated among the interlocutors of a conversation. Bradshaw also stresses that one’s grammar skills are directly proportional to one’s writing skills; thus, mastery of grammar contributes to masterful writing (2013, as cited in Sioco & De Vera, 2018, p. 83). Other studies about teaching and learning of English grammar in the Philippines explore the areas in grammar which the learners face and struggle with the most. Results of several studies by (Sahagun, 2021; Sioco & De Vera, 2018; Barraquio, 2015), suggest that most student-participants got relatively high scores in parts of speech and nouns, while the area in grammar that they struggle with the most is subject-verb agreement These studies encourage future researchers to seek ways to improve students’ grammatical competence through these aforementioned areas, particularly subject-verb agreement. There is no doubt that competence in grammar is most applied in writing because in order to produce quality written output, it has to exhibit clarity of thoughts and unambiguity of message, which is usually achieved when an individual is knowledgeable in the conventions of grammar. According to Baleghizadeh and Gordani (2012), accuracy in grammar is necessary in constructing good writing. Therefore, teachers should bear in mind that in order for students to write well, they must have a strong foundation in grammar as well.Page(s): 274-276 Date of Publication: 05 October 2022
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Being a prophet is to speak the truth, to convey God’s messages to people, regardless of the backlash the messenger may receive, just in case some people repent, and God does not punish those who do not repent. This article examines the Charism and Prophetic roles in the modern capitalist world where over 75 million people are languishing in abject poverty. The article is grounded on Lugino Bruni’s manuscript on Economy and Communion. It presents a reaction to his avers on true prophesies and the nature of love that not only unites people and communities but also fosters human relationship with God resulting in a religious world economy that constantly fights poverty. The article uses empirical examples to demonstrate how selfless love and economic prosperity are inseparable. It argues that ending poverty is a universal goal that can be achieved through unity among religious organizations and true prophetic actions. This points to the Economy of Communion (EOC), which is closely linked to agape in Christianity, Sorokin’s Altruistic Love, Ubuntu in Africa, the Harambee movement in Kenya, the Ujamaa spirit in Tanzania and many other forms of charism
Page(s): 277-282 Date of Publication: 05 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6916Download PDF
Page(s): 283-292 Date of Publication: 05 October 2022
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This study aimed to learn about dispute resolutions in the lowest political unit of the Philippines, particularly with the Lupon Members’ firsthand experiences with the Katarungang Pambarangay. It assessed the challenges encountered and innovations implemented by the members of the Katarungang Pambarangay in the settlement of the cases in the three areas of dispute settlement. When grouped according to profile variables, significant differences in the level of difficulty were considered. This study employed both quantitative and qualitative utilizing a descriptive method in the eight selected barangays of Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya. A three-part structured questionnaire was used to gather pertinent data using frequency, mean, and t-test for paired samples and ANOVA, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. It was found out that the specific difficulties are: not following suggestions and agreements, lies and disrespect; failure to attend to proceedings; lack of training and compensation, and lastly, violence during proceedings. The findings of the study also include that most of the Lupon Members have difficulty regarding mediation, conciliation, and arbitration proceedings. On the other hand, there is no significant difference in the difficulty level when respondents are grouped according to data except for sex. On the significant differences, it was only in the area of seminars or training attended where significant differences existed among the study participants.
Page(s): 293-299 Date of Publication: 05 October 2022
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Page(s): 300-306 Date of Publication: 05 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6915Download PDF
There is a prevalence of nepotism in all organizations. Numerous studies have attempted to examine nepotism, but very few have focused on the Philippine context. Through the perspectives of private-sector employees, this qualitative study explored workplace nepotism. Literature and participants’ data indicate that nepotism has significant negative effects on an organization. Low morale promotes workplace discontent, stress, and demotivation. Inefficiency costs the company money. Employees and management may experience communication and leadership difficulties due to nepotism. Although not illegal, it can cost a business money if it leads to discrimination and an unpleasant workplace. It is unethical because it favors relatives or close acquaintances. It disregards merit, competency, and skill. In private companies, nepotism maintains the business in the family, but it must be used with prudence. As it has negative implications, it is not a smart strategy for the survival, development, or expansion of a business. The family should be approached with discretion.
Page(s): 307-313 Date of Publication: 06 October 2022
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The purpose of this study was to trace the Senior High School graduates under the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand of Divine Word College of Legazpi and identify which of the four exits they pursued. The researchers chose to trace the entire population of the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand graduates of Divine Word College of Legazpi, from School Years 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 as the respondents of the study. The total respondents were four hundred seventy-one (471). The retrieval rate of the response was 89.17%. This study made use of the descriptive design to gather the needed data. Descriptive research aimed to describe a population, situation, or phenomenon accurately and systematically. Using an electronic survey questionnaire, the researchers were able to identify the percentage of the students who have taken the four “exits” of the Senior High School Program, in this case, most of the STEM graduates continued in Higher Education. Additionally, the researchers were able to identify the college courses that they are currently taking. Most of the STEM graduates chose higher education as one of the four exits on Senior High School. In terms of their preferred academic institution, the STEM graduates are enrolled in Bicol University, Divine Word College of Legazpi, and University of Santo Tomas – Legazpi. Three hundred forty-three (82%) out of four hundred eighteen (418) of the STEM Graduates are taking up their degree courses aligned to the strand being Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing (23.1%), Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering (11.4%), Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture (9.4%), Bachelor’s Degree in Electrical Engineering (8.2%) and Bachelor’s Degree in Information Technology (5.8%) were the top five (5) choices. The remaining seventy-five (18%) of the STEM graduates enrolled on courses that were not aligned to STEM. The courses they are taking up are, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Marketing Management (8.0%), Bachelor of Physical Education (8.0%), Bachelor of Science in Economics (6.7%), Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy (6.7%), and Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship (5.3%) and Bachelor of Arts in Journalism (5.3%). These were some of the reasons why they did not take the course related to STEM: their current course is interesting, it is their dream course, their courses serve as a pre-requisite subject to their dream course and influences from parents and peer.
Page(s): 314-319 Date of Publication: 06 October 2022
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The major crux of this paper is making evaluation of music pedagogy a co-operative endeavour, which to a large extent is guided by the music curriculum in use. In the bid to address this issue, extensive literature review was carried out on evaluation in music pedagogy and it adopted the social interdependence theory as a suitable theory for making evaluation of music pedagogy a co-operative endeavour. The four key stakeholders that were identified to co-operate and synergize for the co-operative evaluation are the Teacher/Instructor, School Management, Pupil/Student/Learner, Community/Society and the Parents. This co-operative effort has to start from the inception of curriculum development in which every interest needs to be represented down to the implementation. In addition, this paper found out that Nigerian music education is mainly of Western orientation to the detriment of our indigenous musical culture. Similarly, there was a lack of proper synergy amongst the entities that play significant roles in evaluation of music in Nigerian basic school, and some of the teachers lack adequate musical knowledge for adequate musical instruction. Suggestions of areas of co-operation that will impact positively on music pedagogy were proffered and consequently proposed for Nigerian basic education.
Page(s): 320-326 Date of Publication: 06 October 2022
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“Financial management refers to the efficient and effective management of money (funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization.” (Juneja, 2008). A good financial management is germane to the overall success of an entity. An entity can be a Sole Proprietor, a Partnership Business, a Firm, a Company, Government Establishment, Institution of Learning and even Religious Institutions. The importance of sound financial management cannot be over-emphasized in all these entities mentioned. The paper examines the meaning, objectives, importance and functions of financial managers in making an excellent communication skill to all the stakeholders of the entities enumerated above.
Page(s): 327-331 Date of Publication: 06 October 2022
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This article utilizes the Decoloniality theory to discuss the underrepresentation of opportunities in the appointment of women to positions of leadership in universities in Zimbabwe. Equality and justice are referred to in the research from the works of Ranciere and Rawls as themes and frameworks informing decoloniality. The arguments advanced in the research are that there cannot be democratization of opportunities if equality and justice frameworks are not subjected to decoloniality. The research discovered that out of fifteen state run universities, none of the universities has attained the 50% female representation in leadership and decision-making anticipated when the National Gender Policy was formulated in 2004.
Page(s): 332-335 Date of Publication: 06 October 2022
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With thirty nine percent (39%) adults worldwide as overweight or obese in 2016, obesity has alarmingly reached epidemic proportions. Obesity has been associated with decreased life expectancy, increased mortality rates and diminished quality of life. Data show that its economic costs like healthcare expenses, reduced productivity and work loss are staggering. Obese people suffer from discrimination, depression and low self-esteem. Indeed, an examination of the determinants of obesity has become imperative. This study examined how food environments, specifically the availability of fast foods are associated with obesity. Using a quantitative methodology, this study analyzed country level data from 93 countries. Correlation and regression analysis were done to determine whether relationships exist between obesity rates (dependent variable) and independent variables such as number of persons per fast food establishment, number of persons per McDonald establishment, population, globalization index, average disposal income. Correlation results show that only globalization index has a positive relationship with obesity rates. Income classification of countries, population, number of persons per McDonald’s outlet and number of persons per fast food outlet are negatively correlated with obesity. Results from the regression analysis show three predictors of obesity rates: number of persons per McDonald’s outlet and number of persons per fast food and population. These predictors can account only 25 percent of total variability in obesity levels. In conclusion, though the relationship between fastfood availability and obesity is established, fastfood availability is not a strong single cause of obesity
Page(s): 336-341 Date of Publication: 08 October 2022
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Waste management encompasses management of all processes and resources for proper handling of waste materials, from maintenance of waste transport trucks and dumping facilities to compliance with health codes and environmental regulations. Public awareness is key to successful waste management. A critical component in any waste management program is public awareness and participation, in addition to appropriate legislation, strong technical support, and adequate funding. Waste is the result of human activities and everyone needs to have a proper understanding of waste management issues, without which the success of even the best conceived waste management plan(s) becomes questionable. (NCBI, 2015) The need to manage waste in such a way that it does not affect our health and our environment is quite a new concept in many countries, especially in the rapidly growing urban centres of the developing world. The lack of awareness can be immense in some cases, and this is reflected in the lack of resources allocated to set up robust waste management systems (WHO, 2015). Rapid population growth especially puts an enormous strain on the sanitation and solid waste management capacities of cities, more so in the developing world where such infrastructure is already weak or stretched (WHO, 2016). According to the WHO (2016) report, all stakeholders need to work together at global and local levels for advocacy and project implementation as well as for raising awareness on urbanization in order to maintain environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability involves the capability to maintain the qualities that are valued in the physical environment such as human life, living conditions for people and other species (e.g. clean water and air, a suitable climate), the quality of life for all people as well as the live-ability and beauty of the environment. Threats to these aspects of the environment mean that there is a risk that these things will not be maintained (Sutton, 2004). The goal of the environmental sustainability is to promote sustainable engineered systems that support human well-being and that are also compatible with sustaining natural (environmental) systems. These systems provide ecological services vital for human survival.
Page(s): 342-348 Date of Publication: 08 October 2022
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Page(s): 349-358 Date of Publication: 08 October 2022
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This case study aimed to determine the rehabilitation program for typhoon Pablo victims in the province of Davao del Norte. Using the purposive sampling technique, twelve (12) informants were interviewed in three (3) municipalities, namely the municipality of Kapalong, San Isidro, and Talaingod, Davao del Norte covering three (3) commodities such as; banana, cacao, and coffee rehabilitation program. A qualitative research instrument was used to capture all data relevant to their experiences, challenges, and overcoming strategies. Thematic analysis by Creswell (2009) was employed to analyze the data. Under the experiences, the result revealed the following themes; living comfortably after the typhoon, damaged farmlands and crops, income loss in agriculture, generation of alternative income and employment, the existence of disaster resiliency and management, provision of inputs, and cash assistance and implementation of the rehabilitation program. Furthermore, the challenges experienced by the victims are climate change, market instability, financial incapacity, lack of information and education, low-quality seedlings and high cost of production, lack of crop insurance, and delayed distribution of seedlings. The overcoming strategies they identified were as follows; develop a positive attitude toward family welfare, develop ways for sustainable farming, availing of the loan program, and intensify coordination for assistance. Finally, the success stories revealed the following cluster; development of self-reliance and perseverance, recovery as a result of hard work and assistance, development of a positive outlook for the future, and government response helped to expedite rehabilitation. The implementation of the typhoon Pablo rehabilitation program must couple with appropriate policy frameworks and political and financial support for the farmers to bridge the gap. Thus, creating a sustainable agricultural program and planning a disaster response will benefit the farmers in the long term. Farmers, scientists, and institutions continually aim to uncover techniques that boost crop yields, improve agricultural productivity, minimize loss due to disease, insects, and disasters, create more efficient equipment, and improve food quality overall. Lastly, the Department of Agriculture, Local Government Units, National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, Non-government Organizations, and other concerned agencies can help the farmers live a decent life by providing appropriate intervention and assistance that promote the interests and needs of the agricultural sector.
Page(s): 359-369 Date of Publication: 08 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6917Download PDF
Page(s): 370-376 Date of Publication: 08 October 2022
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Background: Globally, drug and substance abuse is a socio-economic menace that is posing immeasurable threat to the lives of individuals and socio-economic development. World Health Organization (WHO) confirms that alcohol use and misuse accounts for 3.3 million deaths annually. Kenya tops the list of east African countries with Uganda following closely in alcohol consumption rates respectively. Further, it has been noted that the majority of the consumers are in urban settings. There is adequate literature on factors influencing drug use among the youth but not much is available on the influence of substance and drug on the psychosocial wellbeing among the adolescents and the youth yet they contribute immensely in socio-economic development of any given nation thus need for the current study. Method: The study adopted an explanatory survey design and a mixed method approach since it combined both quantitative and qualitative methods. A sample size of 387 adolescents and 295 youth were stratified sampled from the three social status categories. Results and recommendations: Study findings indicated that psychosocial wellbeing exhibited a significantly positive relationship with substance and drug abuse (r=0.654, ρ<0.05), Therefore, it can be concluded that substance and drug abuse plays a significant role in determining psychosocial wellbeing of the adolescents and the youth. That the higher percentage of male youngsters engagement in substance and drug use can be attributed to social tolerance from the society. The study recommends that the government enforce law with stringent penalties on illegal drugs business. That sale of alcohol and drugs to people below 18 years is illegal and attracts hefty fines and long jail terms. Further, the need for frequent awareness programmes on the detrimental short and long term effects of substance and alcohol use. Services like guidance and counseling and rehabilitation programmes are essential in curbing the menace.
Page(s): 377-385 Date of Publication: 10 October 2022
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Breast milk is the most nutritious food for infants and exclusive breastfeeding is the most sufficient type of infant feeding in the first six months of life. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers in the Sisters of the Nativity Hospital Jikwoyi, Urban –City, Abuja, Nigeria. Aim of the study was to establish the exclusive breastfeeding practices among working mothers attending the Hospital. The study utilized the cross-sectional descriptive study that made use of both the qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The target population was 316 working women. Simple random sampling was used to sample 174 working women. Data was collected using questionnaires. The Spearman Brown Co-efficient was used to ascertain reliability. Findings established that; initiating breastfeeding within 2 hours after delivery, weaning at six months of age, exclusively breastfeeding up to 6 months and continuing breastfeeding until 2 years of age were the common exclusive breastfeeding practices among the working mothers. Factors hindering successful exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers and its promoters were determined from the findings and recommendations were duly made. The study concluded that working breastfeeding women who attend the target hospital adhere to breastfeeding practices as recommended by WHO, with the rate of 53(48.2%) which is higher than 8% out of 29% working class mothers in previous studies.
Page(s): 386-393 Date of Publication: 10 October 2022
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Page(s): 394-397 Date of Publication: 10 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6931Download PDF
Developing interactive eLearning courses is perhaps one of the most challenging tasks for instructional designers and developers. Nonetheless, the rich literature on instructional systems design provides a plethora of theoretically sound approaches and models for designing interactive online courses. Due to the complexity and diversity of eLearning environments, instructional designers need to document their design processes and share their experiences so that new theoretical knowledge and applications continue to be generated. This study used a design-based approach to document the cyclical and reiterative process of designing and developing the study skills course. The study applied the ADDIE instructional design model as a sub-system model to design, develop, deliver, and evaluate the online study skills course. The qualitative data were collected using document analyses, focus groups, and structured interviews with policymakers, SMEs, and instructors at SQU to define the gap in the practices of the design and development of SPOCs. In addition, a need assessment survey was used to collect quantitative data from the Instructional and Learning Technology (ILT) department at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU). The researchers used the instruments associated with each phase of the ADDIE model during the design and development of the intervention (the Study Skills course). The SMEs, instructional designers, developers, and e-learning specialists used a continuous feedback loop and formative evaluation to review each phase. The course evaluation sheet and the overall course grade indicated that the students had a positive online course experience. In addition, new contextual factors were identified and added to the design principles checklist that can be adapted and adopted in other learning environments
Page(s): 398-405 Date of Publication: 12 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6918Download PDF
Management reforms in the education sector through Performance Contracting (PC) is aimed at making the education sector effective and efficient in provision quality education services to the public. One significant PC reform in learning institutions is managing staff so that performance of duty is enhanced which forms the basis of this research. The purpose of this study was to determine the prediction of Principals’ allocation of duties to the relevant personnel on the implementation of PC in public secondary schools in Machakos County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The sample size was 409 respondents comprising of nine sub-County directors of education, 100 Principals’ and 300 Teachers. The Sub County directors of education were sampled purposively while proportionate sampling was used to sample the teachers and random sampling to sample the principals to participate in the study. Data from principals and teachers was collected by use of questionnaires while interview schedules were used to collect data from Education officials. Results for quantitative data were presented in tables and charts and correlational analysis while verbatim reports and indirect reports presented qualitative data. The study revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between allocation of duties to the relevant personnel and the implementation of PC in public secondary schools in Machakos County, Kenya. The study concluded allocation of duties to relevant personnel enhanced the implementation of Performance contracting in Public secondary schools in Machakos County Kenya.
Page(s): 406-411 Date of Publication: 12 October 2022
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Page(s): 412-415 Date of Publication: 12 October 2022
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As agents of change, universities have an essential role in spreading the concept of sustainability. Indonesia has UI Greenmetrics as an assessment for Universities to manage the campus environment. There are several challenges in implementing the Green Campus program and Ranking on UI Greenmetric, such as participation by the entire campus community and education of the academic community. In this study, the Theory of Planned Behavior is used to determine the factors that influence the behavior of the academic community at the Institut Teknologi Sumatra. Hypothetically three factors influence the intention, and four factors influence pro-environmental behavior. Results This research is quantitative research with a survey design. The questionnaire was designed based on previous research on pro-environmental behavior and applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The sample consisted of 450 people, with a total of 20432. The data were analyzed using PLS Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software. The results show that PBC is a strong predictor of pro-environmental behavior intention (β: 0.394), and intention is the second most significant predictor of pro-environmental behavior (β= 0.347). Meanwhile, the analysis shows that attitude affects pro-environmental behavior but applies intention as mediation (β = 0.188). While Norm subjective insignificant on intention but positive effect on pro-environmental behavior with low influence
Page(s): 416-422 Date of Publication: 12 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6919Download PDF
Page(s): 423-429 Date of Publication: 13 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6920Download PDF
The Kenya government adopted the Blue Economy concept to spearhead the Big Four Agenda in order to compliment other economic pillars for national prosperity. However, maritime threats remain a security concern in the realization of blue economy benefits. The purpose of the study was to explore the influence maritime security strategies and their implications on blue economy in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study aimed to interrogate the influence of maritime security strategies in promoting blue economy in the coastal region, Mombasa County. It was anchored on three objectives; to establish the key maritime threats, examine the effects of maritime policing frameworks and establish the influence of human security on blue economy. The study was grounded on the stakeholder theory and carried out in four sub counties in Mombasa County. The target population comprised of public and private security agencies, ship handlers, Kenya Port Authority administrators, Fisheries department officials and Beach Management Units (BMU) representatives, County and Local Community Representatives. Godden (2004) determination of sample size was used to arrive at a size of 138 respondents. The study used stratified and purposive sampling methods to achieve the desired representations and the research tools were pilot tested in Shimoni, Kwale County. Collected data was presented using graphs, tables and pie charts. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods used for data analysis while frequencies, correlation and regression models were used to establish the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results indicated that there was a positive and statistically significant influence of all the three independent variable (key maritime threats (β = 0.2591, p=0.000), policing framework (β = 0.138, p=0.012); and human security (β = 0.143, p=0.028) on blue economy in Kenya. The study concludes that there is a positive and statistically significant influence of key maritime threats, policing framework and human security on blue economy in Kenya. Some of the study recommendations includes maritime security stakeholders and practitioners should develop homegrown, multi-sectoral and comprehensive strategies to address key maritime threats; harmonization of policing frameworks strategies to link development and the blue economy transformation; there is need to address human security issues such as poverty, lack of alternative livelihoods through empowerment programs and initiatives of coastal communities to solve some of the root causes of maritime insecurity: the government to formulate innovative strategies on maritime security and blue economy policies to encourage local and foreign investments into the blue economy through tax and non-tax incentives, tax exemption, investment tax allowance as well as grants.
Page(s): 430-439 Date of Publication: 14 October 2022
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Page(s): 440-447 Date of Publication: 14 October 2022
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Based on the current situation of English education in China, this paper explores the positive effects of combining English and history educational games, so as to improve students’ overall quality and motivation to learn, and develop their intercultural communication skills, creative awareness and independent learning ability. The quantitative research approach is applied in this study. A survey is carried out and it is found that most people learn English and history through teacher-led lessons, short videos and instant messaging software, and are willing to try a game that combines English and History. Based on this, an attempt is made to introduce a history-based educational game–Today in History–with English as the main language.
Page(s): 448-453 Date of Publication: 14 October 2022
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Leadership style can affect nurses’ work motivation, where the dimensions of leadership style include directive, supportive, participative, and achievement orientation. This leadership characteristic is very unique and interesting to explore, where the style shown must be able to influence, encourage, manage, and regulate with leadership skills possessed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between leadership style and work motivation at Pidie Regional Hospital. This type of research is a correlation analysis with a cross-sectional study design with a total sampling method of 253 nurses. Data collection have collected through a questionnaire using the Path-Goal Leadership questionnaire. Bivariate results obtained directive leadership style with p-value 0,008, supportive leadership style with p-value 0,427, participative leadership style with p-value 0,000 and achievement-oriented leadership style with p-value 0,000. The multivariate test with logistic regression test showed the results of participative leadership style with an odds ratio value of 13,198 and an achievement-oriented leadership style sub-variable with an odds ratio value of 0,321. Based on the results of the study, it is expected that the leadership style that will be used to increase the work motivation of nurses is participative, the leader invites each other to achieve goals.
Page(s): 454-458 Date of Publication: 14 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6921Download PDF
Page(s): 459-460 Date of Publication: 14 October 2022
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This research is quantitative and aims to understand the influence of quality service, human resources competency, disruption digital, and transformation digital to corporate performance. A population that used to research this is all staff DBS Indonesia with CBG segment. The size sample taken 133 respondents. Technique the determination of sample uses the method of purposive sampling. Analysis techniques used are partial least square. The result of this research showed that (1) quality service has a significant impact on corporate performance with a coefficient value of 0,180. (2) competency SDM has a significant impact on corporate performance with a coefficient value of 0,101. (3) Disruption Digital has a significant impact on corporate performance with a coefficient value of 0,181 (4) transformation digital has a significant impact on corporate performance with a coefficient value of 0,565.
Page(s): 461-470 Date of Publication: 14 October 2022
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African countries have received little attention in defense economics literature, despite the role that Chad and some African countries have played and continue to play in maintaining peace in the Sahel region. This study attempts to partially fill this gap by providing new evidence of the effect of military spending on economic growth in Chad between 1983 and 2015. This study uses the Autoregressive Distributed lag Model (ARDL) and finds no significant effects of military spending on Chad’s economic growth. The study shows that domestic investment has a positive and significant impact on economic growth
Page(s): 471-475 Date of Publication: 15 October 2022
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Page(s): 476-480 Date of Publication: 15 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6922Download PDF
The study sought to investigate effects of conveyor belt marking in internal joint examination toward KCSE national examination performance in extra-county secondary schools, in Murang’a county, Kenya. The study employed descriptive survey design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches targeting 23 school principals and 4815 students. A sample of 168 respondent was randomly selected for the study findings. Data was mainly collected using a questionnaire tool. The study established that the whole process of belt marking ensured that all students from extra-country secondary schools were awarded the correct marks, scores, grades and awards based on their performance. Majority (78.26%) of the extra-county school mean performance were between grade C minus and grade D plus. Most students did not perform well since the whole process of marking ensured the assessment in reliable and valid. Majority (80.75%) of the students managed a grade C plain and below in the joint exam that was marked under conveyor belt system. All the schools improved in KCSE examination where majority (60.87%) scored grade C plain which is a better and higher grade in national examination performance and none of the school performance below grade C plain a clear indicator that conveyor belt marking had an impact in this performance as compared with previous years, where schools were using traditional marking system. Quality grades improved by 29.456% and poor grade reduced by 34.77% from the joint examination and 2306 secured a degree program in the university. There was a positive correlation between joint examination and KCSE examination performance after adoption of conveyor belt marking a replacement of traditional marking. Students felt that belt marking would protect them from those teachers who are biased and unfair in their marking and therefore, CBS increases the efficiency and accuracy in performances.
Page(s): 481-486 Date of Publication: 15 October 2022
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Page(s): 487-495 Date of Publication: 15 October 2022
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This research aimed to gather data on the perceived effects of modular distance learning on students. The following research objectives informed this research: 1) to determine the perceived effects of modular distance learning on the students and 2) to determine the significant difference in the perceived effects of modular distance learning on grades 4,5 and 6 students. This quantitative study employed a descriptive survey to determine and identify the perceived effects of modular distance learning on grades 4,5 and 6 students. The research instrument used in this study is a survey questionnaire, which is used to acquire the necessary data. Based on the result, the study revealed that students agreed on using modular distance learning as a teaching method. They agreed most with the statements and the benefits of this approach. The study also revealed no significant difference in the perceived effects of modular distance learning on students when categorized according to gender. This means that students had the same perceptions when categorized according to gender. However, the study also revealed a significant difference in the perceived effects of modular distance learning on the students when categorized according to their grade level. It means that students had a different perception when they were grouped according to their grade level. Therefore, researchers concluded that in terms of gender, modular distance learning was not affected by their perception of the modular approach. At the same time, the perception of the students had a difference in terms of their grade level. This study implies that this modular distance learning approach helps students improve their perception of modules. Therefore, a modular approach must be continued in face-to-face instruction even if the pandemic vanishes. Researchers may recommend to the faculty/teachers in Aumbay Elementary School to use modules so students can study in advance; teachers/faculty might monitor their student’s progress and be more flexible and even-minded in any situation to provide and help the students. Moreover, Schools may provide guidelines regarding the implementation of limited face-to-face and modular distance learning so that students can learn in different approaches; parents should also give attention to their children and support them in such activities. Furthermore, future researchers may incorporate other variables when they conduct a study related to our research.
Page(s): 496-506 Date of Publication: 15 October 2022
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Page(s): 507-512 Date of Publication: 16 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6923Download PDF
The explored the impact of social media on university students’ self-esteem. The research was limited to 120 Great Zimbabwe University (GZU) students who were surveyed, and a self-administered structured questionnaire was used. The students were selected from the Faculty of Social Sciences in the Department of Psychology. Stratified random sampling which is a probability sampling technique was used to select the participants. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Spearman correlation test and the Chi Square test were used. Findings indicate that there is a negative relationship between social media usage and self-esteem, self-confidence, and feelings of competence. The study indicate that the more frequent the students visit social media sites the lower their self-esteem, self-confidence and feelings of competence tend to be. However, students who spend an average of 3 hours per day on social media recorded high levels of self-esteem, self-confidence, and feelings of competence. This led to the conclusion that social media is a double-edged sword whose impact can be either negative or positive depending on time spent on it. This study recommends that universities conduct awareness campaigns aimed at exposing the negative psychological effects of excessive use of social media with a view to reduce curb same. Furthermore future studies may need to focus on the causal relationship that exists between each social media site and various psychological conditions as little research has been done in that regard despite the unprecedented concurrent surge in psychological disorders and social media usage among the 21st century’s young adults.
Page(s): 513-518 Date of Publication: 16 October 2022
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Page(s): 519-525 Date of Publication: 16 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6924Download PDF
The agriculture sector is increasingly becoming knowledge-intensive where farmers require more information. ICT-enabled services help in disseminating timely information and agricultural advisories to enrich farmers’ capacity and empower them with contemporary farming technologies and techniques in Bangladesh. To measure farmers’ level of knowledge on the utilization of ICT-based Agricultural Advisory Services (AASs) in Bangladesh, there was no standardized scale available. The goal of this study was to build and standardize the scale. Initially, 54 items were collected after thorough consultation with relevant experts and available literature. Then, 36 statements were selected where six items from each of the six levels of the cognitive domain. After conducting a pre-test on 24 farmers (four farmers from each six districts of three agricultural regions) of the representative part of the research population, was selected. Through item analysis the difficulty index values ranging from 20.83 to 70.83 and the discrimination index values ranging from 0.25 to 0.75 were included in the final format of the knowledge scale in the current study. The aforesaid procedures indicate that the face, content, construct and ecological validity were all built during its construction. Moreover, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha value (0.922) and split half value (0.922) of items indicated very strong internal consistency and reliability of the items. With the proper changes, this scale can be used to assess farmers’ knowledge of ICT outside the research area
Page(s): 526-532 Date of Publication: 16 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6925Download PDF
Page(s): 533-551 Date of Publication: 16 October 2022
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This paper is on the ethnographic mapping for community based child protection mechanisms (CBCPMs) to assess the main risk factors for children, mechanisms in place for protection, and to provide a guide for programming that promotes a protective environment in Kalola Community of Chibombo District, Zambia. The community faces many challenges, including few educational resources, remoteness from police stations, schools, and health clinics, low linkages to formal child protection systems, and limited resources to support education and interventions for child protection issues. The core research questions of this qualitative study were designated into seven Thematic Areas: (1) Understanding general child protection concerns and prevalence, (2) Community attitudes around risks and protection, (3) Children’s resilience skills and participation in their own protection, (4) Understanding the formal child protection system, (5) Understanding the informal child protection system, (6) Understanding capacities in the child protection systems, and (7) Accountability in the child protection systems. The study was conducted in six zones in the Kalola community, through a total of 37 focus groups that reached 648 participants, as well as 24 key informant interviews (KIIs) with local leaders and government/NGO actors. Data collectors completed social maps, transect walks, and observation sheets to gain an understanding of the community. For focus groups and KIIs, data collectors used specific questions under each thematic area to engage the different groups of participants. Additional tools, like body mapping and problem tree analysis, were utilized with children and adults. Notes were transcribed after data collection, and the team returned to the field several times to fill gaps that were identified. Challenges of the process included the length of time between data collection and validation, the Cholera outbreak which prevented gatherings for some time, and the deterioration of some road networks due to the rainy season. Under Thematic Area 1, the main child protection risks identified by the community include drug and alcohol abuse, school drop outs, conflict with adults, teen pregnancy, early marriage, sexual violence, child labor, and neglect. When discussing causes of such risks, the common themes that emerged were poverty, lack of economic opportunities, and children lacking supervision from parents. Under Thematic Area 2, cultural and religious practices that protect or put children at risk were discussed further. During data collection, participants mentioned certain aspects of initiation ceremonies that put children at risk of harm, but during validation sessions it was agreed that most of those cultural practices are no longer prominent in the community. The practice that continues to exist is building separate houses for children, which exposes them to sexual abuse or early sexual activity. In terms of religious practices, children are regularly unsupervised at church camps or night meetings, leaving them vulnerable to many harms. Positive parental guidance, peer groups, and religious values were cited as protecting children from harm. Under Thematic Area 3 it was found that children’s voices are not greatly taken into account in the community. Adults do not seriously consider the perspectives of children because of their age. Children would rather confide in peers if they have experienced abuse, leading to most cases being handled at a family level, because of fear of reporting. Under Thematic Area 4, many formal structures were identified by participants, but most community members find it difficult to use these structures due to the distance, corruption, and limited capacity of these structures to respond to cases. Instead, under Thematic Area 5 it was found that most cases are handled between families or with the support of the village council (including traditional leaders) or religious leaders. Under Thematic Area 6, participants mostly expressed that they are dissatisfied with child protection services because structures are distant from the community, the structures lack the skills to successfully respond to and handle cases, and those who report are often victimized, perpetuating the culture of silence. Under Thematic Area 7, participants noted that the health facilities and schools seem to monitor their programs and provide a platform for feedback, but otherwise there are limited opportunities for people to express their concerns. Additionally, there are limited services for victims. Validation took place during two sessions, first with a mixed group of 25 adults and youth, and second with a group of 32 youth. During both sessions, the participants were able to hear, confirm, and clarify the findings from all seven Thematic Areas. With both groups, the most significant revision was that initiation ceremonies are no longer prominent in the community, and participants did not agree that this cultural practice poses a risk of harm for children. Adult participants were more vocal about the difficulties in accessing formal structures, mostly due to distance and corruption. Youth participants discussed in detail the need for their voices to be considered and for sensitization programs on child protection, which could also help parents and children form better relationships. Among the key recommendations from both groups include: engaging community leaders to reduce alcohol consumption, sensitization programs for adults and children, a counselling or youth resource center, advocating for more local formal structures, and the introduction of income-generating activities or skill programs for youth. The conclusion and recommendation section of this paper gives more insights into the key findings and recommendations to support strengthening of CBCPMs in this community.
Page(s): 552-563 Date of Publication:16 October 2022
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This study investigates the effect of Corporate Characteristics on Environmental Reporting of Beverage companies in Nigeria. Using company’s specific Corporate Characteristics. Firm Age (FA), Firm Size (FS) and Return on Assets (ROA) were used to proxy Corporate Characteristics, while Employee Health & Safety Cost Disclosures (EHSCD), Waste Management & Remediation Cost Disclosure (WMRCD) and Donations & Charity Contribution Cost Disclosures (DCCCD) served as proxies for the dependent variable – financial performance. The study selected all 3 companies out of four (4) quoted Beverage companies in Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 2021. Ex Post Facto research design was adopted and the secondary data were collected from annual reports of sampled firms from 2010 to 2019 through content analysis. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Eview version 8 was applied in testing the hypotheses. The study showed that Sustainable Firm Age has a significant positive effect on EHSCD with a p – value of 0.0000 and a t – statistical value of 5.1416, while Firm Size has a significant positive effect on WMRCD with a p – value of 0.0000 and a t – statistical value of 5.1964. The study also reveal that Return on Assets has no significant positive effect on DCCCD with a p – value of 0.1176 and a t – statistical value of 1.6185. Based on these findings, the study recommended that companies should carter for the wellbeing of its employees, adopt practicable waste management plans, insure the environment against degradation, as well make valuable contributions to the society
Page(s): 564-572 Date of Publication: 18 October 2022
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Page(s): 573-578 Date of Publication: 18 October 2022
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The Mother and Child Education Programme (MCEP) is a non-formal education programme initiated through the EFA, with financial support from patrons and friends and technical support from UNESCO, in one the southern states of Nigeria (River state). The provision of educational opportunities such as provision of literacy and life skills training, socio-economic empowerment of women and community youth to train as literacy facilitators and to earn an income in the programme covered disadvantaged and marginalized groups such as Mothers and children of Ogoni land, which is made up of six local government areas in Rivers State. This paper therefore intends to identify the reflectivity of those educational opportunities which were availed from the programme implemented in the southern state and bring out the reflection of those educational opportunities to attention of Yobe state government to adapt the Mother and Child Education Programme (MCEP) through non-formal education structure and use it as measure to provide educational opportunities around literacy and life skills training, socio-economic empowerment of women and community youth to train as literacy facilitators and to earn an income in order to cushion the hardship of disadvantaged and marginalized groups such as widows, divorcees and abandoned wives and also help them to provide means of livelihood in Yobe state.
Page(s): 579-585 Date of Publication: 18 October 2022
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Page(s): 586-599 Date of Publication: 18 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6926Download PDF
The effects of untimely pension payment on the well being of retired Civil Servants has posed a serious problem in Nigeria. Osun State has her own share of the series of complaints by the pensioners who are seeking justice over the unpleasant bottleneck experienced in the payment of their pension. The study examined the effects of untimely pension payment on the well being of retired Civil Servants in Osun State, Nigeria. Primary Data was used for the study. The Primary data was gathered through the use of questionnaires which were analyzed, while regression statistical tool was used to test the hypothesis formulated. 200 copies of questionnaires were administered, out of which 168 were used for the data analysis. The method of sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique which was administered on the retired Civil Servants at their monthly meeting. Simple linear regression analysis was used. The results of the three hypotheses tested revealed that significant relationship exists between time of payment role of pension personnel mode of pension contribution and the well being of retired Civil Servants. Thus the stated null hypotheses are rejected. The study concludes that correlation exists between untimely pension payment and the wellbeing of retired Civil Servants. The implication is that, as the Pension of retired Civil Servant is not paid on time, the well being of the retired Civil Servants decreases. The study then recommends that Osun State Government in Nigeria, should pay the entitlement of the retired Civil Servants as at and when due.
Page(s): 600-606 Date of Publication: 18 October 2022
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A shared set of ideals that teachers base their professional work on are outlined in the Teachers’ Professional Code of conduct. The Code is designed to give teachers the principles and guidelines they need to handle professional work. The main purpose for this study was to examine the effects of teacher professional code of conduct on teaching and learning process in public secondary schools in Busega District. Specifically the study aimed to explore forms of teachers misconduct that affect teaching and learning process. The 1986 Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory provided the theoretical foundation for the study. The study used mixed research methods approaches and designs. The data was collected from a total targeted population of 457 from which a sample size of 82 respondents was obtained through probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Data were collected from respondents using questionnaire and interviews. A pilot study conducted employed split half technique and the result was 0.7 correlation coefficient hence the researcher used the instruments to collect data. Quantitative data collected were analysed through descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS version 20 while qualitative data were thematically analysed and presented in narrative form. The study found that various forms of misconduct such as teachers absenteeism, unethical dressing, the use of abusive language, drunkenness, lateness and others, highly and negatively affect the teaching and learning process. Therefore the study concluded that teacher professional code of conduct is essential for successful teaching and learning process besides effective achievement of educational goals. The study recommended that the government should improve teachers’ living and teaching conditions, use various discipline methods effectively to reduce indiscipline actions of teachers in school setting, service training and induction programmes concerning the teacher code of conduct for the newly appointed teachers, and cooperation between teachers and head teachers and also among teachers themselves for mutual relationship.
Page(s): 607-612 Date of Publication: 19 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6927Download PDF
Participation in school management, which ensures the cultural relevance of the teaching and learning process, promotes a wider acceptance of the educational process. Community involvement in school activities has been shown to increase accountability for both learning outcomes and school resources. Additionally, community involvement encourages the willing provision of local resources (human, material, and financial) for educational purposes. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of community involvement in school activities in promoting quality learning in public secondary schools in Hai District, Kilimanjaro Region – Tanzania. Community effectiveness was measured in terms of the extent to which community members are involved in school activities. The study adopted a mixed research approach under which convergent parallel design was applied. The District Secondary Education Officer, community members, students, heads of schools, and teachers, representing a total population of 14,351 people were targeted. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to select the study sample which consisted of 114 respondents. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data. The pilot study was conducted with instruments tested and the coefficient of reliability obtained was 0.81. The quantitative data were analyzed descriptively with the aid of SPSS version 21 and presented in frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data were coded in categories, thematically analyzed, and presented in narratives. The study found that major activities in which community members were willing to participate are: building school infrastructure, contributing to student meals, school meetings, and disciplinary issues to a moderate extent. The study concluded that building a good relationship between school organizations and community members is vital and should be endeavoured for desired quality education results in public secondary schools. The study recommended that the community members should liaise with schools to find ways of supporting the teaching and learning process- for greater educational output. The school administration also should strengthen the relationship and frequently communicate with community members for active involvement.
Page(s): 613-620 Date of Publication: 19 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6928Download PDF
This study sought to examine the triggers of intimate partner violence. There is little work done towards addressing the triggers of intimate partner violence. Thus, a significant gap as the triggers are diversified. It is well known that women’s rights have always been sidelined since the early 1500’s. Thus women are in most cases, victims of intimate partner violence. This study assumed that the main causes of intimate partner violence were social, economic and psychological. A phenomenological approach was adopted with 20 participants to identify a phenomena and focus on the subjective experiences and understanding about the structure of those lived experiences. The researchers used an in-depth interviews and focus groups to understand the triggers of IPV and the experiences of IPV victims. The study found that too much poverty and its related stressors worsen the risk of intimate partner violence. Women were often at the receiving end of this violence stating that alcohol and substance abuse proved to be the major key drivers’ partner violence together with the loss of one’s livelihood activity. Women in different peri-urban communities often got married for financial reasons more than actual love and thus there were high rates of infidelity which also resulted in intimate partner violence. This study further found that victims of intimate partner violence did not want to leave these relationships as they often heavily depended on the perpetrator. Intimate partner violence was also found to be socially acceptable as a social norm in the community, which influence its high rates. This study suggests intervention methods such as psycho-social support, IPV related campaigns and education to educate both males and females about the devastating effects of intimate partner violence. This can be aided to by comprehensive use of media and influential gate keepers in the community to help community members to shun maladaptive behaviours.
Page(s): 621-629 Date of Publication: 19 October 2022
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The story of sacrifice and suffering in the liberation struggle has been dominated by men and the role of females in the liberation struggle of Zimbabwe has not been equally celebrated. However, females played heroic roles without which the course of history might have been distorted. Due to their physical biological make up, females suffer more hardships, some humiliation, as compared to their male counterparts. In contemporary writings, a few researches were done targeting individuals such as Chung’s and Nhongo-Simbanegavi’s works. This study traces the plight of female ex-combatants back to their war time experiences to get a rich background to understand their psychological disposition and ability to be socio-economically reintegrated in post-independence Zimbabwe. These war time experiences show the inherent complexities of transitional justice as invisible war-borne scarred human emotions are often not given due attention when peace finally prevails. The study which employed the qualitative approach and the target population included both male and female ex-combatants from Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and Zimbabwe People’s (ZIPRA) cadres, revealed that female ex-combatants went through distressing experiences during the war which required close attention (which unfortunately seemed not rendered) at reintegration in post-independence Zimbabwe. Recommendations are that the female ex-combatants be afforded systemic counselling.
Page(s): 630-637 Date of Publication: 19 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6929Download PDF
Qur’an is the seal of revelations of Allah, it has revealed on prophet Muhammed peace be upon him in the period of twenty three years, as such, it contains and deals with all aspects of human life from cradle to death. Though, the Qur’an is neither a book of medicine nor a book of healthcare, but in it there are hints which lead to guidelines in health and diseases. Prophet Mohammed (peace and blessings be upon him) has been sent as an example to mankind so his traditions in matters of health and personal hygiene are also a guide for his followers. Being healthy is vital in that, it enables us to undergo our daily life with ease and also to carry out our responsibility as a vicegerent (khalifah) of Allah. Surely, a happy and healthy Muslim can do a much better job compared to that done by a sickly one. Hence, being healthy is not only beneficial to our own selves but also to others as well. Likewise, COVID-19 is an infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It emerged in early 2019, and continue to threat human life altogether. Based on the above fact, this article by adopting Quranic approach aims to explore the importance of cleanliness and good hygiene in Islamic worldview as a remedy for current deadly disease of covid19 pandemic. As a matter of fact, the covid19 Pandemic continues to jeopardize people’s life nowadays, and in response to this fact various medical solutions have emerged to serve as remedy to this dangerous ailment. Interestingly, one of the remedy of covid 19 that suggested by many doctors and by WHO is physical cleanliness which is an essential part of Islamic value, and indeed the meaning and spirit behind the concept of cleanliness in Islamic perspective is much beyond the superficial concept of the conventional cleanliness. Therefore, in this juncture and for the sake of academic paper, this article will apply Qur’anic approach in demonstrating the importance of cleanliness in Islamic perspective and the scope of this article is restricted on the importance of cleanliness in Islam, Quranic worldview on cleanliness, then the finding will demonstrate how much importance Islam and the Qur’an give to cleanliness; and the result will provide raison d’etre and justification of the Qur’an as a seal of revelation of God. Finally, the paper will suggest some recommendations that if well implemented, will make our world and surrounding better place to live.
Page(s): 638-642 Date of Publication: 19 October 2022
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Page(s): 643-655 Date of Publication: 20 October 2022
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Groundwater is a precious natural water resource. In Sri Lanka, 72% of the rural population and 22% of the urban population are depending on groundwater. Jaffna district is only depending on groundwater sources. Velanai Divisional Secretariat area groundwater resources are a danger due to salinity problem. In the dry season, people most affected to obtain good quality water. A detailed literature review was carried out to understand the reasons and how to overcome them. A survey with a questionnaire was conducted and chemical parameters analyzed also done. According to the analysis only one well’s water, the quality was below the permissible level. 97.50 % of wells were not suitable for drinking. The quality is depending on the soil geology and elevation from the mean sea level. The maximum elevation of Velani area is 9m and Pungudutivu is the flat terrain and average ground surface elevation from MSL is 2m. The groundwater table is 0 – 1.85m in the Pungudutivu area and the major reason for water pollution is mixing saline water with fresh water. The main reasons were seawater intrusion into the wells, over extraction and the solutions were water treatment plant for desalinization and alternative water resources should be identified.
Page(s): 656-660 Date of Publication: 20 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6930Download PDF
Page(s): 661-666 Date of Publication: 20 October 2022
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The study was to explore the leading factors of girls’ dropout in Oloolua Ward, Kajiado North Constituency, Kajiado County, Kenya. The study was aimed to determine the socio-cultural and economic factors contributing to school dropout and to suggest strategies which can be used to curb the problem. The study employed an exploratory research design using purposive sampling with a sample size of 15 participants which included 10 girls who had dropped out in school and 4 key informants who were working closely with the children. The data was collected using two Interview Guides. The data collected was analysed using thematic analysis. The results revealed that early marriage, female genital mutilation, and valuing a boy than a girl were some of the cultural factors that were contributing to dropout of girls from school. Furthermore, the findings showed that economic factors such as low income and girls working to generate income for their families contributed to dropout of girls in Olooua ward Kajiado North Constituency, Kajiando County, Kenya. Also, the findings showed several strategies to curb girls from dropping out school included enforcement of policy by government, parents to provide basic needs and offer parental care to their children. The study recommended that government and other stakeholders to sensitize the society on the importance of educating the girl child; the government to push measures that will prevent girls from getting early marriage and unhealthy relationships with older men; and to sensitize parents towards providing equal opportunities to their children and especially in providing their basic needs including education.
Page(s): 667-674 Date of Publication: 20 October 2022
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The research was conducted in 2019 to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals (cd and pb) in roadside soil along Owerri-Umuahia highway Imo State Nigeria. Three locations were sampled-Owerri, Mbaise and Obowo. These locations are the major highways connecting Owerri-Umuahia. Soil samples were collected at a predetermined distance of 0-15 feet (ft), 15-30 ft, 30-45ft, and 45-60ft away (row) from the edge of the road. All were sample at a depth of 30 centimeter (cm) depth using soil auger. The locations were either cultivated with cassava or maize and in some cases vegetables. Reference (control) samples were also sampled from fallow (non-highway soil) lands but at a distance of 100meters (m) away from highway. Fifty four (54) samples were randomly collected, and bucked samples were replicated for treatment sources. Samples were air dried and sieved with 2mm sieve, crushed and stored in the polythene bag for laboratory activities. Analyses were done routinely. The physicochemical result (table 1) showed that the soils are mostly sandy and the pH were slightly acidic with mean value of (5.97) when compared with control (5.89). There were significant differences between locations and control with regard to macro nutrient levels. These ranges from (phosphorus (p) 14.43 to 16.06 mg/kg, Nitrogen 0.11 to 0.73 % and potassium 0.18 to 0.23 cmol.kg-1). These were significantly different when compared with control (NPK 0.54. 23.74 and 1.15) as the locations levels were lower than non-highway soils. The organic Matter (OM) where lower in highway location. The mean value were 2-12% while the control. The mean value was 2-12%, and control was 3.41%. The result followed same trend with Base Saturation and Basic Cation levels. Base Saturation (BS) were significantly different between locations and also when compared with control. The BS mean value was 77.91% while control was 84.60%. Cadmium levels at various distances, and between one location and another did not change significantly. Cadmium at distances 0-15ft, 15-30ft, 30-45ft and 45-60 ft, the mean values were 2.21, 1.87, 1.77, 2.03 and for control 2.19, 2.19, 2.02, 2.19 mg/kg respectively (table 2). For lead, at the sample distance away from road edge- 0-15ft, 15-30ft, 30-45ft and 45-60ft, the mean values were 11.7, 13.2, 12.5 , 12.0 and for control 13.22, 14.42, 13.03 and 14.14 (table 3). These slightly differences in the locations from control were not significant at p<0.05. In some cases, the control levels were higher the locations in terms of spread. From the result of the study, cadmium and lead concentrations at all the distances and spread, depth and locations were at moderate levels when compared with critical Cd and Pb established standard. Automobile movement at Owerri-Umuahia highway did not increase cadmium and lead levels spatially. The result was discussion in line with the established standard for heavy metal permissible limits
Page(s): 675-679 Date of Publication: 21 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6932Download PDF
Page(s): 680-685 Date of Publication: 21 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6933Download PDF
Parents play a critical role in the development of the childhood. This encompasses the language mastery. As such, this study was initiated to investigate and understand the lived experiences of parents in assisting the development of language mastery of their early childhood learners. Results show that parents are skilled enough to assist their early childhood learners in the development of their language mastery which can be learned by the teachers as well by re-echoing these findings through SLAC sessions, seminars, trainings and take these insights up to the educational leaders and authorities who can implement relevant agendas and developments
Page(s): 686-694 Date of Publication: 21 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6934Download PDF
Background & Objective: Hand washing practice is a well-recognized preventive measure against infectious organisms including COVID-19. There is a need to find out factors that may influence good hand washing practice. This study was done to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of good hand washing practice among the healthcare workers in the Federal Medical Centre, Asaba. Method: This was an institutional-based, cross-sectional study carried out among 247 Health care workers using a systematic sampling design. A structured, standardized questionnaire was used to collect data.SPSS version 25 was applied for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Logistic Regression analysis was done to determine the socio-demographic predictor of good hand washing practice. Results. The majority of Health care workers had good knowledge (91.9%) and practice (98.9%) of hand washing. The respondent’s profession (chi-square value 4.71, p-value <0.03)) and Gender (chi-square 5.24, p-value < 0.22) were statistically associated with the practice of good hand washing. Gender is the only significant predictor of good hand washing practice on the Multivariate analysis level. Conclusion: Gender is a predictor of good hand washing practice among health care workers in Federal Medical Center Asaba. Efforts should be made to establish an Infection prevention committee in every Health care facility. This will ensure regular training of staff to eliminate Hospital-acquired infection to the barest minimum.
Page(s): 695-703 Date of Publication: 21 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6935Download PDF
Page(s): 704-707 Date of Publication: 21 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6936Download PDF
This study investigates the perceptions and responses to Covid-19 risk communication among rural dwellers in Enugu State. In conducting this study, survey research method was used to generate quantitative and qualitative data from rural residents in select communities in Enugu State through the instrumentality of questionnaire and Key Informant Interview. A sample size of 384 was drawn from the population using Wimmer and Dominick online sample calculator. Analysis of data generated revealed that the most reliable source of health messages on Covid-19 for rural residents during the pandemic was the radio. More so, majority (52 percent) of the sampled respondents were of the view that they had a moderate knowledge about Covid-19 controlling and preventive measures and majority of the respondents practiced Covid-19 preventive measures to a moderate extent. Religious and cultural norms were found to be major barriers to Covid-19 messages targeted at rural people. Based on the findings, it was recommended that health messages targeted at rural residents should take into account some factors that are peculiar to rural environment such as religious and cultural issues, poverty, level of education and access to adequate information.
Page(s): 708-717 Date of Publication: 21 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6937Download PDF
Page(s): 718-721 Date of Publication: 21 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6938Download PDF
The main objective of this paper is to zexplore the impact of public sector auditing in fighting corruption and promoting the development agenda in Zimbabwe. The paper explores the extent to which public sector auditing may be used to fight the corruption surge in the public sector. The existing literature on corruption focused more on economic and political perspectives. There is limited literature that explains in depth how elements of the public sector auditing may contribute to a reduction in corruption. The study was based on the positivism research philosophy and explanatory research design. Probability sampling technique was used to develop the sample of the study. A total of 500 respondents were used in the study. The findings of the study indicated that the four elements of public sector auditing process are indeed necessary to fight corruption in the public sector. The study noted that to reduce corruption in the public sector, it was important to ensure and develop auditors integrity, develop and put up strong and effective control systems, promote auditor’s independence and ensure the development of relevant auditors competency. This shows that paper has provided another accounting perspective to the fight against corruption. In view of these findings, the study recommended that Government invest more resources in the development of auditors for the public sector in all the Ministries. There is need for targeted human capital development in the area of public sector auditing which must incorporate auditors integrity, auditing competences, control systems and enhancement of auditors independence in the public sector. This study recommends that future studies may need to examine the value of each of the four elements in the process of fighting corruption.
Page(s): 722-727 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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The main purpose of this concept paper was to examine strategic management capabilities that are relevant to help female owned enterprises recover, be resilient and growth following the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business sectors. The purpose of the study wsa to determine the most effective strategic management capabilities that can revive the female led enterprises in the hospitability sector. The study was anchored on the positivist research philosophy, explanatory research design and adopted a survey as a data collection method. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was collected from 300 females’ business leaders in the hospitality sector and 30 stakeholders in the sector. Corelation and regression analysis of the relationship between the strategic management capabilities and survival of the female led enterprises in the hospitality sector were used. The study shows that strategic implementation capabilities was the most effective in contributing to the survival of the female led enterprises in the hospitality sector in the current business environment. Strategic planning capabilities were the second most effective in promoting revival and growth of the female led enterprises in the hospitality sector. Strategic evaluation capabilities also emerged as one the most relevant in the current business environment in the hospitality sector. The study concluded that the three strategic management capabilities are thus critical to help female leaders in the hospitality sector to revive the performance of their enterprises and set the foundation for growth following the devastating effects of theCOVID-19 pandemic. The paper recommended that female business leaders and other stakeholders invest in the development pf the three sets of the strategic management capabilities.
Page(s): 728-734 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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The purpose of this concept paper is to develop a conceptual framework that will guide a study to explore female business leadership capabilities that may lead to resilience and growth of female owned enterprises in periods of pandemics like the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper draws the leadership capabilities from the existing leadership models and scholarly work on the leadership in challenging business environments. The paper noted that there are five main critical business leadership capabilities namely business management, strategic management, human resource management, innovation and technology. This means that empirical research may be constituted to examine the status of the leadership capabilities in female business leaders and determine the capabilities that may be relevant in the current challenging business environment.
Page(s): 735-741 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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The study examined the relationship between poverty, socio-political factors and global terrorism. Social injustice, poverty, political exclusion, and religion served as the independent or predictor variables of the study. While global terrorism served as the dependent variable. The population of the study consisted of all the places where terrorist acts are being unleashed. Cross-sectional/survey design was used for the study. Data were sourced by using secondary sources. The study reviewed extant literature to generate data for the investigations. Data analyses were done with statistical tool of regression analysis (ordinary least square estimation) through the help of SPSS 25.0. The study found that there are nine countries most impacted by terrorism according to the 2022 GTI, and how they have been ranked on the index since 2011. The countries are Afghanistan 1st, Iraq 2nd, Somalia 3rd, Burkina Faso 4th, Syria 5th, Nigeria 6th, Mali 7th, Niger 8th and Pakistan 9th. The study also found that despite a one per cent decrease in the number of deaths from terrorism overall, the nine countries most impacted by terrorism remained largely unchanged. Afghanistan and Iraq maintained their positions as the two countries most impacted by terrorism, for the third consecutive year. There were some movements in the rankings with Burkina Faso overtaking Syria and Nigeria to be the fourth most impacted country, Pakistan moved from eighth most impacted to ninth and Nigeria dropped two places to sixth most impacted country. The study observeed that terrorism has become a global phenomenon with fierce destructive tendencies claiming lives and properties. Conclusively, it is obvious and evident based on the findings of the study that: There is significant relationship between social injustice and global terrorism; there is negative, but significant relationship between poverty and global terrorism; there is significant relationship between political exclusion and global terrorism, and there is no significant relationship between religion and global terrorism. The study therefore recommends the adoption of impartial characterization in handling democratization and government businesses of various nations. With that in motion equity and social justice must always be maintained in sharing dividends of democracy. Also, jobs should be created for the youths to reduce luring them to participate in terrorist acts. It is important to understand, however, that reducing poverty will have a relatively modest positive impact on countering terrorism. Governments should look at the factors that promote socio-economic development and societal resilience, taking the view that the way to build and sustain peaceful societies requires a revision in attitudes, institutions, and structures. Positive peace identifies developmental factors that lead to resilient societies, kinetic approach is not the way to stop terrorism in the world.
Page(s): 742-756 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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Clown knife fish (Chitala ornate) locally known as arwana is one of the invasive freshwater fish in the Laguna Lake that affects the production of tilapia and other fishes cultured in the lake. Due to the massive number of clown knife fish, it was found out by the local fisherfolks that there is a potential for clown knife fish for processing purposes. The study was conducted to obtain primary data that will serve as first hand data since there were no studies conducted in particular to this commodity within the locality. With this the study was conducted to determine the supply chain of clown knife fish in the Province of Laguna, Philippines. Descriptive research design was used in the study following the purposive sampling technique which complete enumeration of registered fisherfolks in the locale was served as respondents. Data was analyzed using frequency counts and percentage. Data obtained in the study shows that there is a potential for economic aspect of the fisherfolks since there are processors bought there catch. Also, data revealed that the clown knife fish were brought to international level for food and processing purposes. With the identified potential of clown knife fish, the production of other freshwater fishes is increasing due to the population of clown fish are lessen. Also, the government may develop production practices to sustain the supply of clown knife fish.
Page(s): 757-764 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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The creation of a petrodollar global-economy ushered in the rise of globalization. After this formation and going forward, apart from peripheral squabbles like terrorism and insurgence within states, it is believed that there will hardly be any serious wars between nations, because it is believed that nations have learnt their lessons and the incentive of a globe connected financially, will discourage wars. Obviously, this position is wrong. Russia has leverage on the fall-out of the surprised war with Ukraine to break-free from the petrodollar systemr. The Kremlin, China and some countries in Asia don’t want the dollar to remain the central-currency anymore. A move considered an obnoxious-shift by the West. Consequently, nations must forcefully align behind the West or for the East while Ukraine is been reduced to ashes in the middle. Nigeria is the leading-economy in the ‘Richest continent’. it becomes imperative that the nation sits-up and chart a productive-course for itself, so that other African nations can follow. The time to be non-align is gradually fading as most African nations are indebted financially both to the West and the East; therefore, will be in a serious dilemma amidst this dichotomy. The study historically exposes the short coming of Nigeria if it does not ceasing upon the current war to develop herself through financial-technology culminating in an African-based-payment-system (just like the University Transparent Accountability Payment System developed by the nation’s Universities) so as to be able to sustain the African continent should it comes to the point when one of these blocks decides to be aggressive towards it. The study concluded that Nigeria can anchor a formidable payment system for the African-continent. It recommends that Nigeria should quickly bridge the commodity shortfalls from Russia and Ukraine through Local production, develop a homegrown continental-payment-system equaling the SWIFT or SPFS while law-makers should start drawing-up legislations to make the nation a globally connected but an independent State. This readiness should e treated with uttermost urgency for the sake of our self-survival.
Page(s): 765-776 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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Employee empowerment should instill greater trust in leadership, encourage employee motivation, lead to greater creativity, and improve employee retention all of which ultimately results in a better bottom line. This study seeks to find out the strategies of employee empowerment in sector in Kenya. The study was guided by two objectives; to find out strategies or techniques used by banks in employee empowerment, and examine the impact of employee empowerment in service delivery to the bank customers. The researcher adopted a descriptive study where by the data was analyzed and presented with the help of statistical package for social sciences version 16, thereafter the findings were corroborated with existing literature to arrive at logical conclusion. The researcher found that; the strategies employed include-easy accessibility to senior management level, regular meetings, reward for excellent services, regulated routine, and freedom to make independent decision. On the impact of employee empowerment on service delivery, it was found that there is general impact on customer’s satisfaction. The study concludes that employee empowerment is a crucial aspect in dealing with human resource in every organization in order to survive in a competitive environment.
Page(s): 777-781 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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This paper explores Okorafor’s Akata Witch as an exemplification of Gothic nuances inhabiting the postmodernist world. Okorafor’s dexterous deployment of Gothicism as topoi that uncovers salient postmodern issues contemporaneous with society. The study is anchored on the emerging theory propagated by Maria Beville, Gothic-postmodernist theory. Through a close reading of selected text, this study analyses Gothic topoi that serve to elucidate sublime terrors in the form of fear of self, immortality and transcendence to the ethereal realm. Okorafor’s Akata Witch was sampled out purposely because it is flavored with Gothic topoi that amplify postmodern concerns. The paper argues that Gothic topoi deployed by the writer evince society’s sensibilities and contradictions in the twenty first century. It established that the Gothic topoi of placeness and Gothic characters revitalize restoration of Gothic as a distinct genre. A conclusion is made that Gothic topoi buttress postmodern notions of hegemonic commodification. The study adds to the polemics surrounding the continuous evolvement and centrality of Gothicism in literature. The study also contributes to the field of Gothic-postmodernism as ever-changing and evolving genre. It entrenches it as a distinct genre that requires more academic attention and recognition.
Page(s): 782-787 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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Since the end of the Cold War, the dynamics of conflict has changed as there is a decline in inter-state conflict and a rise in intra-state conflict. It is a global phenomenon as minority groups’ glamour for self-determination due to suppression, marginalization, poor governance encountered from majority group, which has led to the rise of conflicts in most parts of the world most especially in Africa. Ethnic conflicts constitute a major challenge to international peace and security. The Balkans, the West Bank and Gaza strip and most especially countries in Sub Saharan Africa have witnessed the rise of intra-state conflicts as a result of poor governance of ethnicity. This paper seeks to examine the governance of ethnicity and the rise of conflicts in Africa with particular attention on the conflict in Anglophone regions of Cameroon. Centripetalism as the theoretical framework that guided the paper. The paper adopted a case study research design with the use of qualitative approach for data collection. The purposive sampling technique was used to interview 40 respondents from Mezam (North West) and Fako (South West) divisions. The paper used thematic as a method of data analysis. The finding of the study holds that poor governance of ethnicity could be held accountable for the conflict in Anglophone regions of Cameroon because differences in diversity have been poorly managed. The findings hold that factors such as colonialism, marginalization and state structure have equally played a role in the outbreak of the conflict. The poor governance and management of ethnicity by the government of Cameroon has led to the escalation of the conflict with huge displacement of people, loss of lives and destruction of properties in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon. To better manage and govern ethnicity, there is need to introduce mechanisms that build an inclusive society without necessarily destroying the identities of the respective cultures. The study recommends that there is need to accept and recognize the identities of minority group as a way to manage and govern ethnicity in todays’ heterogeneous societies in Africa.
Page(s): 788-795 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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Studying in other countries reinforce academic, intercultural, and scientific competence of students (Maharaja, 2018). But despite the many possible positive opportunities and experiences’ students from other countries, they may also encounter challenges and difficulties during their studies. This study explored the academic experiences and challenges of the Philippine Normal University (PNU) Bachelor in Early Childhood Education (BECED) alumni who are teaching abroad and decided to enroll at PNU for the first time to pursue Master of Arts in Early Childhood Education (MA ECE) through the Kaway Aralan sa Bagong Kadawyan in SY 2021-2022. This phenomenological research method purposively selected 15 participants. The data were collected through online survey questionnaire that included open-ended questions, individual, and focus group interviews. Participants lived experiences were considered, transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed. Findings from the study indicated that the students encountered challenges and pointed out how they addressed these challenges. The main themes that emerged include psychological readiness, practical method, and application (duties at work and studies, schedule at work and studies, learning management system, positive attitude) and functional social support. It is important to investigate the academic experiences of first-time graduate students who are based on other countries to provide the essential support and services for less hassle transition and to provide inputs to policy makers to create or enhance existing policies on admission and program delivery.
Page(s): 796-802 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6939Download PDF
The aim of this study was to track down the chosen exits of the Senior High School graduates of Technical Vocational and Livelihood Track in Home Economics and Information and Communications Technology strands of Divine Word College of Legazpi. The respondents of the study was the entire 92 TVL graduates of DWCL, from School Years 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020. The retrieval rate of the responses is 78.26 % (72 respondents). This study made use of the descriptive design to gather and analyse the needed data. In the results, 93% of the respondents chose Higher Education as their exit after graduating from SHS. Furthermore, 7% of the total population chose a different exit or did not choose at all and are currently unenrolled/unemployed. From the 67 who pursued higher education, 48% took courses which are aligned to their chosen strand in SHS, however, 52% chose a different course. This shows that majority of TVL graduates who have enrolled in college have a mismatched course. Furthermore, when asked about their recommendations or suggestions for the improvement of the TVL track, majority of the respondents suggested to have a more upgraded equipment, facilities, and laboratories for both HE and ICT, as well as to uphold more opportunities to conduct practical tests for major subjects like Cookery, Bread and Pastry, Food and Beverage Service and Computer System Servicing especially during assessment tests, and lastly, to modify the schedule of major subjects which are condensed during Saturdays only.
Page(s): 803-807 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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The paper examined Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a tool that has taken over the global economy. Most things if not all require ICT to be performed. The education sector is not left out of this as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has improved the method of teaching and learning; it has made teaching and learning less difficult, interesting, and interactive. This advancement in technology has equally bridged the digital divide between information rich and poor society. This study examined the level of ICT literacy among the Junior Secondary School Students in Gbonyin Local Government Area in Ekiti State using descriptive survey design. Questionnaires were used as instrument for data collection on JSS 1, 2 and 3 students from twenty-eight ICT teachers. Five research questions were used to guide the work and it was found that computer facilities and accessories were not available in most schools and without competent and qualified teachers to handle students ICT literacy needs. It was recommended that there should be a rethink on the part of proprietors to employ, train and retrain ICT teachers to ensure ICT literacy among the local government JSS students.
Page(s): 808-811 Date of Publication: 23 October 2022
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Adoption of Sustainable Development Goal number one (1) by 193 member states in New York was aimed at eradicating poverty. This prompted different development actors and agencies to work together. Non-governmental organizations are one of the key development actors through support of various interventions in different sectors such as agriculture, health, gender, family planning, environment and education. However, education support is one of the main strategies used to transform social-economic status of communities. Non-governmental organizations support character-building education with the aim of equipping community members with moral values and virtues that enable them live and function well in society. Non-governmental organizations have been supporting education interventions with the aim of empowering communities, However, they have been measuring the success of character-building interventions using indicators of individual empowerment, as a result the influence on community empowerment is not known. Hence, the study sought to explore the influence of non-governmental organizations’ education character-building interventions on community empowerment in Nakuru County, Kenya. The research design adopted was ex-post facto research design and correlational research design. The study sample size was 114, which comprised of social workers and beneficiaries of those education programs. Stratified random sampling and purposive sampling were used. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis). Character-building construct was measured in two parameters: social skills and ethical skills. The parameters of community empowerment were social capital, human capital and financial capital development. The F statistic was 17.749, with a corresponding p-value of 0.000, meaning that the education character-building interventions supported by non-governmental organizations significant influence on community empowerment. The study recommends that all non-governmental organizations supporting education interventions as one the strategies for community empowerment need to include character-building education, in order to achieve community empowerment.
Page(s): 812-818 Date of Publication: 25 October 2022
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Palm oil is the most important product and one of the key economies of the agricultural sector in the developing countries. However, the growing of oil palm plantation and its subsequent activities of palm oil processing is threatening environmental quality. This study analyses the palm oil industries and its influence on the environment of Akpo town with a view to ensure environmental sustainability. This was achieved by conducting analysis of soil samples within the oil industrial sites to determine the level of Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME) contamination on the environment, assessing the respondents’ environmental perceptions and socio economic impacts of this oil industry. Laboratory analysis was used to determination of the physicochemical composition of Mg, pH, COD, BOD, P, Ca, organic carbon and nitrogen. The results showed that the concentration of Mg in POME contaminated soil is significantly higher compared to the non-POME contaminated soil (p<0.05). Similarly, the organic carbon content of POME contaminated soil has a higher concentration compared to that of non-POME contaminated soil (p<0.05). On the other hand, analyzed parameters (K, pH, COD, BOD, P, Ca and T.N) do not differ significantly between POME contaminated and non-POME contaminated soil. Comparing the POME contaminated soil with acceptable soil standard for agriculture showed that content were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the acceptable standard. From the questionnaire and field observation conducted, it was further observed that oil palm development has degenerated to loss of farm land, increased food insecurity, human right violation and sudden rise in price of land.
Page(s): 819-825 Date of Publication: 25 October 2022
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The aim of the study was to understand the factors that influence the adoption of mobile money services for business transaction purposes by micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Lusaka. The aim was divided into three specific objectives. These objectives were to determine the factors (demographic and economic factors and features available) that influence the use of mobile money by MSEs for business transaction purposes; to achieve this primary focus was given to three factors availability of savings and borrowing services on the platform, transaction costs and gender. Age and education were control variables. The study used cross-sectional primary data. The study employed a pragmatism research philosophy and a mixed research approach. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire administered by the researcher to respondents sampled using purposive sampling technique. The study had a sample size of 102 respondents. The binary logistic model was the regression model used. The empirical results showed that most businesses who use Airtel money started using it less than a year ago, consider the cost to be fair, save on the platform, are affected by insufficient space borrow on the platform and are also affected by the unavailability of agents. The regression results of the binary logistic model showed that savings and insufficient float have a statistically significant impact on the adoption of mobile money. Saving using mobile money increases the likelihood of using it to conduct business transactions and issues of insufficient float among agents constrain the probability of using it to conduct business transactions.
Page(s): 826-830 Date of Publication: 25 October 2022
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