The effectiveness of learning management to improve student achievement is closely related to the school learning management system. As for the purpose, to find out the effective learning management carried out by the teacher on student achievement. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method that describes and explains in depth the effectiveness of learning management in improving student achievement, using the research instrument itself, data processing through observation, interview guides, and documentation. Data analysis used data reduction, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. To check the validity of the data, the triangulation technique was used. The results of the study show that learning management at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Sinjai Utara, Sinjai Regency has been going well, including: a). Aspects of planning a learning program with a structured learning program; aspects of the implementation of learning with the implementation of learning guided by the program plan that has been prepared; aspects of learning evaluation, implementation of evaluation after students carry out the learning process, b) The effectiveness of teachers in managing learning to improve student achievement, including: the ability of teachers to plan learning programs in a systematic, careful and effective manner, the ability of teachers to optimally carry out learning that can improve student learning achievement, teacher’s ability to carry out student learning evaluation activities.
Page(s): 01-07 Date of Publication: 25 December 2022
Download PDF
In recent times, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are being adopted more widely and variously by local governments across the globe to enhance citizens’ participation in the socio-political decision-making process. Potentially, ICTs, if properly designed and implemented, can improve civic participation in the context of information dissemination, request and feedback, and direct engagement in local policy debates in various areas of public service delivery. This paper presents the findings of a study that examined the prospects of enhancing citizens’ participation in local governance and development through ICTs in rural Ghanaian communities. The main objective was to explore the potential of ICTs to facilitate communication relating to social welfare and health-related services between rural dispersed communities and local government structures. The study was conducted in two purposefully selected municipalities, one being Nsawam-Adoagyiri, and the other Suhum, both situated in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Through community engagements and participatory design, digital competence, and the use of ICT tools for communication and participation in local governance were explored with the primary focus on public service delivery relating to health and social care.
Page(s): 08-15 Date of Publication: 26 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61201Download PDF
Women are very inferior in every sector of the sphere of human life. Illiterate mothers or fathers cannot make well-decision and cannot contribute fruitful ideas at the family, society, national and international levels as well. Women are identified as men’s names. They are not, according to recognition, normal beings in the patriarchal society; women have accepted their fate and many of them started enjoying this status as well. Although they carry and flourish their lord’s name being empowered and developed, they are not out of greedy sight of men who are women’s fathers, brothers, and sons as well. Continuously women are violated, depressed, and victimized for sex even though they are young or old; child or daughter; it does not matter to the men except lust. The underestimation to women affects the confidence of women and under-scales women’s educational inspiration. The article attempts how women and adolescent girls are underestimated and considered a matter of nothing in the civilized modern world by physical torture like single rape, seduction, and gang rape; the result is to be death for the safety of males. The scope of this work is to recheck Bangladeshi women’s contribution in feminism through literature and to unfold the untold challenges among students of educational institutes in Bangladesh. The article aimed to term ‘feminism as F-independence’ and ‘M-independance’.
Page(s): 16-25 Date of Publication: 26 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61202Download PDF
This paper examines and analyzes related to the use of land that has occurred a transfer of functions that previously emphasized the magical and social religious nature has led to economic aspects. The development of globalization today brings very fundamental changes in the economic world, including in the field of land. Lands in Bali that emphasize magical religious properties have shifted towards the economic and pragmatic. The economic aspect is prioritized in improving the welfare of the community by utilizing customary lands in Bali. For indigenous peoples, land has a very important function because without land humans cannot live and land is also a place where indigenous peoples live and land also provides livelihoods for it because land has a very important function. Prajuru adat (customary management) legal position in the lease agreement leases the use of customary land from Laba Pura in Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi, Badung, Bali. This research uses empirical legal research, using primary data and secondary data. Primary data by conducting interviews and field studies, in addition to using research results and relevant books in assessing this problem. The results of the study found that the legal position of prajuru adat as a legal subject in carrying out legal acts in the form of lease agreements for laba pura land can be said to be valid and based because customary management can represent as a legal subject of the object of the laba pura land
Page(s): 26-29 Date of Publication: 27 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61203Download PDF
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of capital budgeting on economic growth as well as the causal relationship between capital budgeting and economic growth in Ghana. The study employed secondary data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and Ministry of Finance, Ghana, annual data spanning from 1990 to 2021 which was estimated with Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique. The findings revealed that there was statistically significant long run relationship between capital budgeting and economic growth from the bounds test. Again, capital budgeting significantly relates negatively to economic growth in both long and short run in Ghana. the study found out that Ghana’s capital expenditure is mostly spent on unproductive ventures. There were no causal relations between capital budgeting and economic growth in Ghana. The study recommends that government and policy makers should urgently direct capital budget to productive capital ventures with good returns and short payback period.
Page(s): 30-37 Date of Publication: 27 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61204Download PDF
Health services are one of the fundamental rights of the people whose provision must be administered by the Government as mandated in the 1945 Constitution. BPJS Kesehatan twitter account often finds various types of complaint tweets, questions, criticisms and suggestions every day from the public in submitting opinions, questions, confirmations and other information. This research tries to see how the role of Twitter BPJS Kesehatan as a medium for sharing information. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method that tries to describe BPJS Kesehatan’s Twitter social media as a means of sharing information. The results of this study illustrate the role of Twitter in BPJS Kesehatan including: (1) Promoting blog posting companies through company accounts (2) Communicating problems faced by the community in obtaining BPJS Kesehatan services (3) Building a reputation for BPJS Kesehatan services (4) Educational facilities to the public.
Page(s): 38-41 Date of Publication: 27 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61205Download PDF
Completeness of medical information is very supportive in determining the accuracy of the diagnosis code for each disease. The correct diagnosis code determines the value of the claim following the tariff pattern that has been determined by the insurance company. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is in the top 10 diseases in Indonesia, so research in this field is important. The analysis of the relationship between the completeness of medical information and the accuracy of the diabetes mellitus diagnosis code is the purpose of this study. The research design used correlation analytics with the cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 68 medical record documents with diabetes mellitus cases in January-August 2021. The research sample used the entire population, namely 68 inpatient medical record documents. The results showed that complete medical information was 39 medical record documents (57%) and incomplete was 29 medical record documents (43%). The accuracy of the correct diagnosis code for diabetes mellitus is 17 medical record documents (24%) and the incorrect code is 51 medical record documents (76%). Based on the results of the Chi-Square statistical test, the results obtained p-value = 0.023, which means p-value <0.05 so H0 is rejected, which means that there is a significant relationship between the completeness of medical information and the accuracy of the diabetes mellitus diagnosis code. As conclusion, the completeness of information in medical record influence the accuracy of diagnose, specifically in diabetes mellitus cases (p-value = 0.023) Therefore, medical record officer plays important roles for the completeness of the documents
Page(s): 54-59 Date of Publication: 27 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61207Download PDF
The study sought to examine the effects of simulation strategy on senior secondary school Biology academic achievement in Plateau Northern Senatorial Zone, Nigeria. Two specific objectives and two research questions were raised and two hypotheses formulated and tested at .05 level of significance. Quasi-experimental research design, specifically the pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design was used in the conduct of this study. The population of the study consisted of all the 5130 SS II Biology students, 2795 males and 2335 females). The sample size was 74 SS II Biology students, which consisted of the experimental group with 44 students (19 males and 25 females), and control group with 30 students (17 males and 13 females). The instruments used for the study was, Human Circulatory System Achievement Test (HCSAT) which was developed and validated by the researcher. The research questions raised were answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses formulated were tested using ANCOVA and ANOVA. The study showed that the achievement mean scores of the experimental group was higher than the mean scores of the control group after treatment. This signifies that simulation strategy improves students’ achievement more than the traditional method of teaching Biology. The study recommended the need for teachers to used simulation strategy in teaching so as to improve students’ achievement in Biology
Page(s): 60-64 Date of Publication: 27 December 2022
Download PDF
This study aimed to investigate Omani Cycle Two students’ perceptions and Omani English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ beliefs regarding students learning autonomy. Three main areas of learning to learn competencies were explored to investigate learning autonomy: learning skills, the ability to take control of learning, and reflecting and evaluating learning. The study uses a mixed-method research design to investigate the perceptions of 383 grade nine students in Oman using a questionnaire. Also, four female English teachers who were teaching grade nine in the academic year 2021/2022 were interviewed in a focus group. The quantitative data analysis of the learning autonomy questionnaire indicated that grade nine students held moderated beliefs in their learning skills, ability to take control of their learning, and the ability to reflect and evaluate their learning. However, the teachers believed that students need to be trained and directed to acquire learning to learn competencies.
Page(s): 65-73 Date of Publication: 27 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61208Download PDF
In Benin, to support the promotion of sexual health education, the government has made the improvement of sexual and gender health conditions in schools one of its priorities. The introduction of technological tools, Internet access (ADSL/Wifi) and the growing importance of the use of digital social networks by many school children in Benin constitute a challenge for the entire educational community. In order to respond to the lack of digital educational materials to improve knowledge and change attitudes towards sexual health among adolescents and young people, we designed a digital tool, in the form of a sexual health education application, and then used it as educational materials in several high schools and colleges in Benin. After the experimental use of the application in the chosen school environment, a survey was conducted to study the attitudes of adolescent students towards this mode of learning. The results obtained show a general increase in learners’ interest in sexual health education through the device. Learning seems to have a more playful aspect that keeps learners engaged and maximizes accessibility to key concepts in sexual health education. However, further data collection from learners is needed before appropriate ways to integrate sex education can be deduced. The long-term impact of the application needs to be studied further in order to reach more formal and decisive conclusions.
Page(s): 74-79 Date of Publication: 28 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61209Download PDF
This study investigated the status of rehabilitation education in selected correctional facilities of Western Zambia. The study was located within an interpretive qualitative paradigm and used an embedded case study approach built on the premise that reality has multiple layers and is complex. The study involved 43 participants selected through purposive sampling techniques from three correctional institutions in Western Zambia. Data was mainly collected through one-to-one interview. Focus group discussions and observation were also used to triangulate data obtained through one-to-one interviews. The objectives of the study were; to establish the nature of teaching and learning in selected correctional centres; to investigate the learning environment in selected correctional centres, to assess the benefit of correctional education provided in correctional centres to inmates and to find out the challenges faced in the provision of correctional education in selected correctional facilities of Western Zambia. The study observed that learner centred methods were limited, teachers could not apply methods like group discussions due to various factors. The study also revealed that correctional education centres were grossly under resourced in terms of teaching and learning materials. Classroom infrastructure was inadequate and not conducive for learning. The study recommended inter alia that correctional centres should be more receptive to other stakeholders and partner with other organisations in addressing their educational challenges. Additionally, curriculum review should be considered to suit the needs of inmates as most of them were adults.
Page(s): 80-88 Date of Publication: 28 December 2022
Download PDF
English is an international language, which is essential for interpersonal communication across the world. It is considered to be a common language in the field of education, business, trade, and commerce. It is found from the research studies that imparting proficiency in the English language should begin right from the school level education. Thus, the present study was carried out to assess the influence of English language proficiency on tertiary-level education in a target undergraduate student population (second year in biological sciences) at the Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Collected data were analyzed by Excel software (Windows 10.0) to assess the significant influence of English language proficiency in tertiary education. In the current study, the sex ratio (male and female) was nearly 2:1 (63% and 37%) respectively. The national school students showed a more successful rate for university entrance than provincial school. Further, the highest frequent usage of English than their mother tongue was noticed among university teachers (84%) when compared with school teachers (40%). Furthermore, the analysis showed that the majority of the students are using the English language in the university (87%), then school (40%). Most of the students were highly engaged in writing (94%), listening (83%), and reading rather than speaking skills (53%). Usage of the English language was higher (100%) in university education than in schools. Hence, the pass rate of English language proficiency was high at the tertiary level than the secondary level. Thus, this study recommends that school teachers should frequently use English in order to communicate with students while teaching.
Page(s): 89-96 Date of Publication: 28 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61210Download PDF
This study aims to examine the influence of Information Technology Utilization, Internal Control System and Human Resource Competence on Village Fund Management Accountability in Bungaraya District. The population in this study was all village offices in Kecamtan Bungaraya, namely there were 10 villages and the number of samples used was 10 villages with 40 respondents. The sample return technique uses census techniques. This research is a quantitative research using survey methods. Data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistics, descriptive tests, data validity tests, classical assumption tests, multiple liner regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the use of information technology, internal control systems, and human resource competencies had a positive and significant effect on the accountability of village fund management. It is known that the value of R-Square is 0.810. This value means that the magnitude of the influence of the use of information technology, internal control systems and human resource competence on the accountability of village fund management in Bungaraya District is 81% while the remaining 19% is known to other variables that were not studied in this study.
Page(s): 97-104 Date of Publication: 28 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61211Download PDF
This descriptive research determined the level of competency of school heads in terms of the five best practices of legacy leadership as assessed by the school heads, teachers, non-teaching personnel, and PTA members. Conducted during school year 2020-2021, the study also focused on the organizational thrusts and legacies that the school heads wanted to leave in their organization in terms of administration, curriculum and instruction, research and community and extension. Weighted mean and frequency count were used for descriptive analyses, and Kruskal Wallis was used for inferential analyses. The level of legacy leadership competency as self-assessed by the school heads was very high whether they were taken as a group or were categorized according to age, sex, length of service, and educational qualifications. The teachers, non-teaching personnel, and PTA members rated the legacy leadership competency in all practices to a very high level. The teachers and the school heads, and the PTA members and the school heads differed significantly in their assessments of competency particularly in the role of school heads as Advocator of Differences and the Community, and as Calibrator of Responsibility and Accountability. In aadministration, the school heads prioritize the development of an organizational culture of transparency, productivity, punctuality, and optimism which is the legacy that they want to leave in their schools. In curriculum and instruction, the school heads underscore the importance of the delivery of instruction based on curriculum that is “Maka-diyos, Makatao, Makabansa, and Makakalikasan”, the quality of curriculum and instruction as legacy that they want to leave in their organizations. In research, the administrative thrust of the school heads hinges upon the generation of relevant, useful, profound, collaborative, and published researches which are the legacy that they want to offer to their organizations. In Community Involvement, the school heads put their administrative thrust on the establishment of community involvement programs that are based on committedness, kindness, and cooperativeness, a robust community engagement that they want to leave as legacy to their schools.
Page(s): 105-109 Date of Publication: 28 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61212Download PDF
Objective: The study aimed at evaluating the impact of the Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) on food security. Methods: Guided by a pragmatist philosophy, the study applied mixed methods approach with an exploratory sequential design beginning with qualitative research phase. It explored the views of participants from four focus group discussions (FGDs) and seven key informant interviews (KIIs) to identify and specify variables to be measured through the second phase which was quantitative research. The quantitative phase used a household survey questionnaire to collect data from 204 respondents exclusive of participants of the first phase. Data from FGDs was analysed using NVivo, while One-Way ANOVA Test was used to analyze data from individual households. Results: The results showed that non-VSLAs members experience poor food availability and utilization throughout the year. Participation in VSLAs increased household food availability by 0.349 and utilization of food by 0.222, as evidenced by eating of balanced meal by household members. The results also indicated that participation in VSLAs led to better access to food, and stability of access, availability and utilization of food than non-VSLAs households. Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between household’s participation in VSLAs and its food security.
Page(s): 110-124 Date of Publication: 29 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61213Download PDF
Personality traits development is a problem portrayed among boys, especially at adolescence age. This study sought to assess the influence of learners’ physical development on personality traits development behaviour among form two boys in public secondary schools in Kirinyaga East Sub County. This study was guided by Adolescence Developmental Tasks theory. This study used mixed research methodology and concurrent triangulation design where descriptive survey research design was used to collect qualitative data and phenomenological design to collect qualitative data. The target population was 136 form masters/mistresses, 136 form class teachers, 68 HODs of Guidance and Counseling department, 1173 form 2 and 1011 form 3 students in 34 public day secondary schools. The sample size was 345 respondents. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling was used to select respondents. The study used questionnaires and informant interviews to collect data. Piloting of the research instruments was conducted in order to ascertain their validity and reliability. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, which were then presented in narratives and reports. Quantitative data was evaluated with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages, frequencies, mean, and standard deviation are examples of descriptive statistics. Correlations and regression analysis were utilized inferentially. Tables were used to present the analyzed data. The study findings showed that physical adjustments have a positive and significant influence on personality traits development (β=0. 138, p<0.05). The study concluded that students have experienced physical adjustments such as experiencing deepening of their voice, shoulders broadened and faces changed influencing personality traits development. The study recommends that teachers should provide reading and research opportunities that enable students to acquire information regarding adolescents’ developmental such as storybooks, novels, and research-based books.
Page(s): 125-131 Date of Publication: 29 December 2022
Download PDF
The increase in the number of refugees due to different situations that threaten human security has become a global problem manifested in societal, governmental and international levels (Steimel 2021). Uganda is among the top refugee-hosting countries in Africa and the world with 1.4million refugees (UNHCR, 2019). The government adopted an approach of accommodating refugees by placing them in settlements within communities and granting them access to basic resources like land, water and others services, which they at times share with host community members (Lomba, 2010).Uganda’s progressive refugee policy has not effectively addressed the issue of land allocation and conflicts between refugees and host communities as land is continuously becoming scarce due to increase in population (Bjørkhaug, 2020). While several refugee-related studies have been conducted worldwide, little is known about the conflict between refugees and host-community in western Uganda-a gap this study hoped to address. The objective sought to examine how land allocation to refugees leads to conflicts between refugees and host-communities of Nakivale and Oruchinga. The study was guided by Conflict theory propounded by (Bartos, 2002), as derived from the ideas of Karl Marx in 1848. A case study research design was adopted, where qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in data collection. The study found various probable causes of land conflicts between refugees and host communities in Nakivale and Oruchinga to include: inadequate consultation by the government with the host communities prior to the establishment of refugee camps and settlements; lack of direct and clear information from the government to the communities about the tenure of land occupation by refugees; cultural differences between the refugees and host community, which has resulted in lack of trust and breach of harmony among the two groups. Also, it was found that climate change with its attendant impact on environmental degradation has exacerbated scarcity of arable land, leading to resources conflict between refugees and host community members in Nakivale and Oruchinga. The study concludes that lack of prior engagement of key stakeholders in the processes of land allocation mostly host communities and proper demarcation of land between host communities and refugees will always lead to continuous conflicts in Nakivale and Oruchinga. This implies that there is need for timely consultations with the host communities, sensitization of refugees and host communities on peaceful co-existence and involvement of all key stakeholders before and during land allocation processes.
Page(s): 132-138 Date of Publication: 29 December 2022
Download PDF
The study investigated the impact of chemistry practicals on students’ performance in chemistry of public secondary schools of Nasarawa state, Nigeria. The study was conducted in Akwanga, Nasarawa-Eggon and Wamba LGA in Nasarawa North Senatorial zone. This study utilized a quantitative approach, with a quasi-experimental design. The design was in form of pre and post-test. Questionnaire was used to collect data. The main population for the study comprised all the public secondary schools offering chemistry in the zone from which 15 sample schools was selected using a combination of stratified, purposive and systematic sampling procedures. It involved 30 chemistry teachers `and 300 SS2 chemistry students comprising 200 boys and 100 girls. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used and independent samples t-tests. The study established that the use of chemistry practicals in teaching and learning of chemistry at secondary schools greatly improved performance. The findings shows that there was a significant difference in performance between students who studied chemistry through practicals and those who studied chemistry without practicals. The study recommends intensive in-service training for chemistry teachers in practical work management and latest research to improve their practices.
Page(s): 139-142 Date of Publication: 29 December 2022
Download PDF
Laughter in the face of affliction and looming danger can be an outrageous act bordering on taboo. Indeed, any attempt to make light of a matter as grave as Covid-19, a pandemic that has occasioned endemic fright and a global existential crisis of a magnitude never witnessed before, can only confirm one’s callousness or, at best, be evidence that the concerned party has lost it and is now displaying signs of severe mental distress. Fear, anxiety, distress, panic and terror would be the more typical reaction, some art produced in the aftermath of Covid-19 reveals a tendency towards the comic. A case in point is the song “Covid” by Henry Sagero. The present paper seeks to examine the aesthetic value of humorous representations in life-threatening circumstances with reference to the song titled “Covid” by Henry Sagero of Bonyakoni Kirwanda Band—a popular music artist from Kisii County, Kenya. The focus will be on establishing the link between the artist’s perception of the existing threat, his conception and deployment of humorous images and, ultimately, the audience’s anticipated participation (or reaction thereof) in the ensuing humorous enterprise. With the purposively sampled song, the study pursues a descriptive and analytical approach aimed at revealing how artistic responses and choices within the phenomenon of popular art have not only been influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic but also the extent to which they contribute to collective societal resilience and survival. Theoretically, the study is grounded in semiotic and psychoanalytic tenets that enable us to view meaningful existence.
Page(s): 143-153 Date of Publication: 29 December 2022
Download PDF
Quality of Work Life for companies is to attract and retain qualified workers to work into a company and for workers the application of principles that pay attention to the Quality of Work Life side of the workplace can provide several benefits such as ensuring employee welfare, having a good working climate and conditions and ultimately having a psychological impact on the personality of each worker himself. Factors that influence Quality of Work Life in the 10 (ten) journals that have been reviewed are dominantly seen in 8 factors from Walton’s opinion, namely Adequate and fair compensation, Constitutionalism, The total life space, Social relevance, Social integration, Growth and security, Development of human capacities. The Quality of Work Life instrument in this study consists of several dimensions developed by Zin, namely the Participation Dimension, the Work Restructuring Dimension, the Reward System Dimension and the Work Environment Dimension,
Page(s): 154-158 Date of Publication: 29 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61214Download PDF
This study which determined wearable technology maintenance skill needs of technical college students for job creation in Rivers State adopted a descriptive research survey design. The study was carried out in Rivers State. Three research questions were answered while corresponding null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study comprised of all electronic technicians in Rivers State and 49 electrical and electronic trades teachers in all the four Government Technical Colleges in Rivers State. Electrical/Electronic trades teachers were not sampled due to small population size while 170 electronic technicians were selected through accidental sampling technique. Hence, a total of 219 respondents was used as sample for the study. The instrument for data collection was a 105 item self-structured questionnaire titled: Wearable Technology Maintenance Skills for Job Creation. The reliability of the instrument was established as 0.80 using Cronbach’s Alpha method of reliability. Data collected were analysed using mean with standard deviation statistical tools to answer the research questions while z-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that the students need the ability to; disconnect the upper ribbon cable gently, check the sound balance in device settings among others. The study also revealed the challenges associated with technical college students in the use of modern tools and equipment for the maintenance of wearables. Based on the findings of the study. It was recommended among others that National Board for Technical Education should ensure that the curriculum developers integrate smartwatch and head mounted display maintenance skills into the curriculum of technical colleges for this will enable the graduates become self-reliance. Government at all levels should ensure the provision of modern tools and equipment to be used at the technical college workshops and laboratories for effective training of students.
Page(s): 159-169 Date of Publication: 30 December 2022
Download PDF
Non-governmental organizations play a key role in promoting community development in developing and undeveloped countries through support of various interventions such as agriculture, health, climate change, gender, family planning, water and sanitation and education. Each of these interventions play a key role in the realization of sustainable community development. However, education is an integral part in achievement of all the other 16 Sustainable Development Goals. Education is one of strategies used by non-governmental organizations to empower individuals and communities through financial interventions which enable communities to access equitable and inclusive quality education. Though non-governmental organizations have been supporting education as a way of empowering communities with the aim of realizing community development, there are still challenges in terms of social economic development. Education is an empowerment tool that is regarded as effective through achievement of individual and community empowerment. However, success of education financial interventions is measured using individual empowerment, as a result, an empirical knowledge gap exists on their influence on community empowerment. The study aimed at assessing the influence of non-governmental organizations’ education financial interventions on community empowerment in Nakuru County. The study was guided by Social Capital Theory, Empowerment Theory and General Systems Theory. The study adopted an ex-post facto and correlational research design. The accessible population was 116 non-governmental organizations in Nakuru County. Stratified random sampling and purposive sampling were used. Data collection instruments were questionnaires. The subjects involved in the study were beneficiaries of the education financial interventions and the social workers in charge of education. Statistical Package for Social Science Version 20 was used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The findings were non-governmental organizations’ education financial interventions significantly influenced community empowerment (r=0.261; p=0.008). This finding may be used to inform; community development stakeholders on the influence of non-governmental organizations’ education financial interventions on community empowerment; policy makers on adoption of education as an integral part of achieving sustainable development and recommend development of an education for community empowerment model.
Page(s): 170-179 Date of Publication: 30 December 2022
Download PDF
This research aims to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic and the new normal era affect MSME business activities in Manado. The Covid 19 pandemic has changed MSME business activities in Manado. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with informants. The condition of Indonesia’s economic development, especially in North Sulawesi, more specifically in the City of Manado, needs a thorough movement of economic actors. Currently, the role of MSMEs is the focus point. MSMEs are one of the supporting drivers of the economy, their part is very much needed because the business processes carried out can be elementary with low capital and materials, but the economic movement in them is substantial. It is hoped that the government in charge, in this case, the government of Manado, can continue to provide learning by providing socialization and training to business actors and be able to form a network for MSMEs so that they can continue to be monitored and the skills of MSMEs will increase.
Page(s): 180-187 Date of Publication: 30 December 2022
Download PDF
This study examined the moderating effects of firm size on the financial leverage – performance relationship of non-financial firms in Nigeria. The study used the ex-post facto research design and secondary data was adopted from annual reports of 50 non-financial firms listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange as at 31 December 2019. The data used was for the period of 2010 – 2019 and multiple regression tool was used to analysed the data collected. The findings of this study shows that debt ratio (β= -0.459; p < 0.05) has a significant negative relationship with financial performance of listed non-financial firms as at 31 December, 2019. Also, introducing firm size as a moderating variable led to a (β=0.043; p < 0.05) significant positive effects on the leverage – performance relationship. The study concluded that financial leverage affects the financial performance of non-financial firms in Nigeria and that firm size has effects on the leverage-performance relationship. The study recommended that management must determine their organization optimal capital mix and also put their firm size into consideration before deciding the amount of debt finance to be included in the capital.
Page(s): 188-195 Date of Publication: 30 December 2022
Download PDF
Insurance as a financial risk management mechanism performs several operations at ensuring financial deepening in an economy. This study examined the effects of insurance operations on financial deepening in Nigeria: Policyholders Perspectives (1999-2020). The research design employed was an ex-post facto. Data for the study was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and annual publications of the Nigerian insurance digest for 22 years’ period, 1999-2020. Using linear regression model, the results revealed that insurance premium income and insurance claims paid had statistical significant negative relationship with financial deepening in Nigeria. The study recommends that regulatory bodies and other stakeholders in the Nigerian insurance industry should put in place appropriate mechanisms that will ensure public awareness on the inevitability of insurance, and also that technical staff training and retraining for effective underwriting and claims management practices should be prioritized.
Page(s): 196-202 Date of Publication: 30 December 2022
Download PDF
The current convergence of interest in archives has generated issues for the archival community and archival practice. These issues- access and preservation, digitization and copyright, user expectations, and global economic realities- are topical and are a determinant in dispensing quality archival services to individuals, and researchers, and a tool for a common understanding and tackling of national and global issues. This paper therefore takes a critical look at them, with a view to proffering possible way out. The paper observed that the ‘slow and steady moving’ archival field will continue to evolve as the world is in a state of constant flux. The paper therefore calls for the need to open up the archives more, through a corresponding increased research attention to keep pace with the continual evolving archival issues; building collaboration and partnerships among archival stakeholders; archival marketing; and entrepreneurial archiving.
Page(s): 203-208 Date of Publication: 31 December 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61215Download PDF
The objective of the study was to analyze the nature and role of leadership and governance in Homa Bay County in pre-colonial period. The findings of the research would help the state to reform the institution of the chief regarding the ever-changing administrative framework for people at the grassroots. The role of chiefs as per the findings of this study was key in socio-economic transformations in Homa Bay County during the colonial period. Chiefs directed virtually the social, economic and political affairs in the communities. For example, the prime movers of the socio-economic activities in today’s Homa Bay County, whose economy largely relied on livestock, agriculture, fishing, pottery and weaving were the chiefs. With the establishment of Local Native Councils and later on the African District Councils, chiefs became the fulcrum around which these institutions of governance revolved.
Page(s): 209-222 Date of Publication: 31 December 2022
Download PDF
Basic Education teachers in Kom face challenges in their attempts to use the Kom language as a medium of instruction. They attribute the challenges to limited terminologies in Kom that can be used to teacher other subjects rather than teach the Kom language as a subject. Diagnosis carried out through observations in their case study necessitate the creation of Kom Education Key Terms. They need Key Terms to match foreign concepts in the subjects that are taught as their education content. It is as a result of this challenge that one prioritized to create Kom Education Key Terms with a mixed (KEKT) to fill the vacuum identified in the Kom Education programme. The attempt falls in line with the call for the development of every people’s language in the world as a cultural, and education right. It seems too late as foreign languages are already the order of the day, domineering in religion, education, administration, politics, economic, and health domains of the peoples’ lives. The Kom language is just one out of the two hundred and eighty-two languages that exist in Cameroon not standardized. It is on the given tenets that one attempts to give a balance sheet of his/her auto-ethnographic experiences in the development of the (KEKT). During the execution of two renown projects within the Kom community. One got involved in two principal Kom projects namely; the Operational Research Project for Language Education in Cameroon (PROPELCA) and the Kom Education Pilot Project (KEPP) executed from 1992 to 2006 and 2006-present day respectively. The latter came into existence when the former declined due to reasons already advanced and financial issues that were as take. If a timely solution is not fetched, the problem can continue and could disrupt the education initiatives that have been invested in the Kom community with likely effect on low academic performances. The KEKT were exercised in the three subdivisions of Belo, Fundong, Njinikom and the regional headquarters in Bamenda where notions on education were listened, analysed, and attempted solutions were proposed.
Page(s): 223-233 Date of Publication: 31 December 2022
Download PDF
Many studies have appeared in recent years concerning CEO attributes and earnings management in both developed and developing economies. While many of those studies have provided empirical evidence on CEO attributes and earnings management. There are extensive studies CEO attributes and earnings management in developed economies. In contrast, there is a dearth of research on the subject in developing economies (e.g. Nigeria). The present study empirically examined the CEO attributes and earnings management in Nigeria. Secondary data were used for a for a 10-year period (2012-2021), the study and the data were sourced from annual reports of 13 deposit money banks listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group (NEG) as at 31st December, 2021. In determining the dependent variable, discretionary accruals through modified Jones model was used while CEO age, CEO tenure and CEO gender was used to examine CEO attributes. The study utilized panel data analysis with the application of ordinary least square (OLS) regression to test the hypotheses and to ascertain the significant relationship between CEO age, CEO tenure, CEO gender and earnings management of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The findings revealed a significant negative relationship between CEO age and earnings management, while CEO tenure and CEO gender were statistically non-significant in explaining variations in earnings management of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study concludes that CEOs age are the strong drivers of earnings management. Therefore, the study recommends that listed deposit money banks in Nigeria should focus on CEOs age as the major criteria for CEO selection or reselection, while less emphasis should be placed on tenure and gender.
Page(s): 234-239 Date of Publication: 30 December 2022
Download PDF
Climate change impact on crop production is a global issue that is contributing to food insecurity, crop farmers in Rivers State are finding it difficult to meet the food demand of the teaming population in the state due to climate change impact. This paper x-rays the impacts of climate change impact on crop production in the state, these include low productivity, loss of biodiversity, breed of conflict or communal crisis, causes displacement of farming communities amongst others. However, to meet up the food demand and also sustenance of rural economy which is dependent on farming, different climate change mitigation and adaptation measures were suggested as way forward for crop farmers in the state.
Page(s): 240-245 Date of Publication: 02 January 2023
Download PDF
This study investigated the influence of leadership style, talent management and succession planning on employee retention in the hospitality industry in Abuja, Nigeria’s federal capital territory. The study was carried in the Abuja municipal council area with a population of 2500 workers in the 191 hotels and other facilities rendering hospitality services in the area. A sample of 100 workers were purposively selected as respondents for the study, out of which 94 responded. Four research questions and one hypothesis were used to guide the study. Related literature was reviewed, and gaps identified justifying the study. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The multi linear analysis statistic was adopted to test the hypothesis. The responses on the questionnaire answering the research questions revealed that there is a positive relationship between leadership style, talent management, succession planning on the retention of staff in the hospitality industry in Abuja. It also rejected the null hypothesis of the study thereby averring that the three independent variables of Leadership style, talent management and succession planning exerts significant influence on employee retention. The study concluded that managers should ensure that these variables are considered while decisions on employee retention is being made in their various organisations in the hospitality industry. A total of six recommendations were made on how to enhance employee retention by the study.
Page(s): 246-252 Date of Publication: 02 January 2023
Download PDF
Mission boarding schools were built by Christian Missionaries, in collaboration with local communities, with the view to provide affordable and quality education to African children who were marginalized by the British Colonial system. In essence, the schools are jointly owned by the church and local communities. After independence, parents continued to prefer mission boarding schools, particularly for academic excellence, and moral standards, and to allow them to focus on employment and investment in the future. Over time, however, the education for all agenda led to the emergence of private schools, and the general population also accessed government and council-owned schools. The study sought to understand the perceptions of parents towards mission boarding schools in the Mutasa district of Manicaland, with a view of evaluate and perhaps, influencing corrective measures, towards continuing to provide competitive advantage on the market. Considering the novelty of the COVID-19 pandemic, the researchers used an online questionnaire to collect both quantitative and qualitative data, which was shared with parents on school WhatsApp platforms, hence purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used. Permission was sought from the school authorities and Education Officials. The data was encoded into the Kobo toolbox and analyzed using SPSS and NVivo to produce results. Some of the data were posted to Data Wrapper for a more appealing graphical presentation. The findings were that parents are still satisfied with academic excellence but worry about dilapidated infrastructure, poor road network, failure to adopt blended learning, disjointed synergies with stakeholders, and misgovernance amongst other follies. The recommendations are for schools to reserve quotas for local students and ancillary staff, create sound synergies with stakeholders, have feedback platforms, improve school infrastructure and road network systems, adopt blended learning, and most importantly, respect that the schools are co-owned by the local communities and the church.
Page(s): 253-266 Date of Publication: 02 January 2023
Download PDF
This chapter will deal with the matter of Zambian democracy vis-à-vis Aristotle’s view of society governance. The discussion will be done by looking at how Zambia democratically progressed in her three republics. The chapter will also reflect on how the republics’ transitions brought challenges to values of democracy and leadership. We will show how political ideologies can be nurtured in a state by having active civil society groups and a constitutional rule. The paper will conclude by giving a critique on the matter at hand by analyzing a citizen with an Aristotelian citizenry.
Page(s): 267-271 Date of Publication: 02 January 2023
Download PDF
COVID-19 adversely affected the Indian Economy as well as human lives. Almost all the sectors have been affected. This paper aims to investigate the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on the banking sector. Because of the lockdown, there were no sources of income. That’s why people demanded advances and on the other hand, they were not able to pay the loans. To overcome this situation, the Reserve bank of India and the central Government have taken many measures to provide relief to the people. This Research Paper shows the relationship between NPAs, Advances, and Profitability due to COVID-19 and also the impact of measures taken by RBI and the government in the Indian Banking sector.
Page(s): 272-276 Date of Publication: 04 January 2023
Download PDF
An individual’s test anxiety might be high, normal, or low, according to Casbarro (2005). The instrument’s scores range from 30 to 120, with a lower score suggesting minimal test anxiety and a higher score indicating high test anxiety. Individuals with scores ranging from 30 to 59 inclusive have mild test anxiety, those with scores ranging from 60 to 89 have normal test anxiety, and those with scores ranging from 90 to 120 have significant test anxiety. The study was conducted in sekondi-takoradi using all the 10 senior high schools, a multi-stage sampling technique was used in deriving the sample size of 370 respondents. It is preferable to have little test anxiety. According to Akanbi (2013), a modest degree of worry might be beneficial since it functions as motivation and can boost success by pushing pupils to perform their best. In circumstances of severe test anxiety, the client should consult with a competent counsellor. This is because excessive anxiety might impair mental abilities required for exam achievement (Casbarro, 2005).
Page(s): 277-284 Date of Publication: 04 January 2023
Download PDF
The majority of organized small- and medium-sized enterprises in Nigeria are family businesses, and family succession is a key factor in their growth and survival. In Lagos State, the study looked at how succession planning affected the viability of family-owned janitorial service companies. The study used a cross-sectional survey with a descriptive methodology to gather data from 145 cleaning service companies registered with the Cleaning Practitioners Association of Nigeria (CPAN) and operating in the state of Lagos. Primary data were collected for the study utilizing a standardized questionnaire. Tables were used to illustrate the data, and multiple regression was used to test the hypothesis. The study’s primary goal was to determine how succession planning affects sustainability. The study discovered that family-owned janitorial service businesses in Lagos State applied succession planning initiatives to a moderate extent. Very few of the companies showed any indication that they were conducting succession planning. The survey found that only a small number of organizations used various succession planning strategies, such as ensuring that work continues even without the founder, resolving conflicts, sharing vision, and educating successors. In order to promote a smooth transition from one generation to the next, the study advised family business owners to always encourage the capability and dedication of their successors by exposing them to training and involvement in the business.
Page(s): 285-291 Date of Publication: 04 January 2023
Download PDF
This study examines the influence of excess used MCQ as an assessment or test tool in senior primary schools on their writing competences in early secondary schools. The problem of this study emanates from the observed fall in writing skills among early primary school pupils in Yaounde V. Majority of the students who register in Form One do not know how to write well. The piloted and validated qualitative data analyses tool (interview guide) were used to collect data from 18 participants being 10 primary school class 5 and 6 teachers and 8 secondary school English teachers. The data was examined and the majority of the opinions sampled were considered and it indicated that: Junior secondary school students have unadorned writing challenges due to excess use of MCQ as assessment tools. They concede that it does not give the learner the ability to practice their own writing skills, thus, they turn to neglect it because it’s not much tested in the exams. We therefore recommend to the teachers that; they should employ a heterogeneous testing method in pupil’s exams.
Page(s): 292-296 Date of Publication: 04 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61216Download PDF
The relevance of the school curriculum cannot be over emphasised in every form of education system. Of vital importance in the upholding of curriculum relevance in any society is the insurance that it is well contextualised or localised. When the curriculum is not contextualised and its implementation process not localised, the education system risk producing learners in a vacuum who may not eventually play a significant role in solving various societal glitches. If a country is to achieve rapid economic growth however, its education should be related to productivity (Bishop, 1985). Some of the solutions to problems currently encountered in African societies and communities Zambia inclusive, must proceed from understanding the dynamics with the local context. It is from this background that this study was undertaken to explore perspectives on practical measures and policies in enhancing the implementation of the localised curriculum in Mwansabombwe district of Zambia. The researchers used qualitative research approach specifically descriptive research design to collect, analyse and interpret data. Out of the study population of 30,000 residents of Mwansabombwe district, 50 respondents were purposively sampled whose break downs were as follows; 10 local community members, 10 learners, 20 teachers, 5 officers from Mwansabombwe District Education Board Secretary’s office (DEBS) and 5 Education Standards Officers. Both semi structured interview guide and focus group discussion guide were used to collect data and content analysis was used to analyse the collected data. Research findings revealed that there was no effective implementation of the localised curriculum in Mwansabombwe district. This was necessitated by lack of appropriate practical measures by the Ministry of Education (MoE) to address key issues such as those that had to do with; teaching and learning materials, lack of capacity building amongst the teaching staff, lack of motivation amongst the learners, teachers and community members as well as ignorance on pertinent issues surrounding the localisation of the curriculum amongst various stakeholders. Hence from the research findings, it was recommended that the MoE need to thoroughly conduct both needs assessment and situation analysis for the localisation of the curriculum to be effectively implemented in Zambian schools. Besides, the MoE needed to reinforce policy on localisation of the curriculum in schools if the country was to achieve the intended results about the localised curriculum.
Page(s): 297-304 Date of Publication: 04 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61217Download PDF
The study examined the influence of credit assessment on financial performance SACCOs in Ibanda municipality. The main purpose was; to examine how credit risk assessment influences the financial performance of SACCOs in Ibanda municipality. The cross sectional descriptive survey design with quantitative approaches of data collection and analysis were used. The study population comprised of employees of SACCOs in Ibanda municipality. In this study credit supervisors and loans officers were the key respondents. A sample of 90 respondents was used. Questionnaires and documentary review were used to collect data. Statistical Package for Scientists (SPSS) Version (23) software helped in analyzing the collected data. Credit Risk assessment was found significant impacting on financial performance in the dimensions. The study thus recommended that there is a need for SACCOs to put in place credit assessment strategy.
Page(s): 305-311 Date of Publication: 04 January 2023
Download PDF
This study sought to establish the relationship between text and images in selected primary school English textbooks and the ways in which text and image interplay supports interaction between pupils and materials in selected primary school English textbooks. Four English textbooks of primary 1 to 2 were selected for the study. The framework for the analysis in this study was based on the system of image text relations by Martinec and Salway (2005). Using both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the findings demonstrate that the total amount of instances of image-text relations in each textbook is 97 (18.5%), 202 (39.6%), 50 (8.8%) and 136 (26.1%) respectively. The study found out that there is a significant relationship between text and image in primary school English textbooks. Just as the image exemplifies the written text, the text also modifies the images. Through this, pupils are presented with concrete and familiar concepts that they can easily relate with. Thus, attention and interest of pupils are aroused, sustained and their reading speed and comprehension enhanced. The study concludes that, better understanding of the inter-semiotic relations between visual images and verbal texts helps textbook designers to design more suitable textbooks; enhances language learning and use through the learners’ proper interpretation of the pictures, words and design, as these elements come together to produce a visual-verbal narrative which is disregarded when there is a focus on the words only. The study, therefore offers more insights on how to interpret and understand how different modes in the textbooks relate to achieve the goal of language learning.
Page(s): 312-318 Date of Publication: 05 January 2023
Download PDF
The community health seeking behaviour on various health issues is driven by the level of knowledge and awareness. This study aimed at determining the link between cervical cancer awareness and knowledge levels in relation to uptake of cervical cancer screening among women seeking healthcare services at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya. By assessing public awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer, deeper insights into existing public practices can be gained, thereby helping in identifying factors that influence women in adopting healthy practices and modelling public health interventions. The objectives of the study were; to find out the level of awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer screening among the women and to examine the relationship between the level of cancer awareness and knowledge cancer screening uptake. The study area was Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. The study adopted a mixed methods approach to arrive at logical conclusions. The major finding of the study revealed that many women accessing healthcare services at MTRH Kenya had ever heard about cervical cancer but majority of them had poor knowledge about the disease. They were not aware that it is sexually transmitted, can be prevented through vaccinating young girls before sexual debut and early and regular screening for cervical cancer. The study found out low levels of awareness of symptoms, knowledge on risk factors, and not able to differentiate between facts and misconceptions about the disease. In addition, it was found that the uptake of cancer screening services increased with the increase in knowledge level and vice versa. This study concludes that there is need to create massive awareness on cervical cancer prevention by government and non-state actors at all levels from the community level to the national level. The Ministry of health with communication practitioners should develop clear, easy to understand educational messages about cervical cancer and screening tests and appropriately communicate to the women. The health care providers should sensitize women on the need for early screening for cervical cancer during clinic visits to prevent late diagnosis of the disease when little treatment options are available. In order to prevent cervical cancer, effective communication is crucial in creating awareness and in increasing knowledge levels among women and to enhance uptake of screening in Kenya in particular and sub-Saharan Africa at large.
Page(s): 319-324 Date of Publication: 05 January 2023
Download PDF
This study aims to determine the motivational orientation and English language attitudes of medical laboratory technology study program students towards learning English. A total of 91 students, in semester 2 of the 2021/2022 academic year, were surveyed using the AMTB (Attitude, Motivation Test Battery), and a questionnaire adapted from Gardner (1985) to determine motivation and language attitudes. Methods: Data were collected by giving a questionnaire measuring motivation and attitudes towards English of students of Medical Laboratory Technology level 1 (one) semester 2, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Perintis Indonesia. Data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. Results: Based on research findings, The students studying in the Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program have shown good motivation. From the four aspects in the analysis, it can be seen that students have good motivation. In the integrative aspect, most students already have a good attitude towards learning English. The instrumental aspect thus shows quite positive results. Associated with attitudes towards lecturers who teach is also positive. So it can be concluded that students already have a good attitude and motivation in learning English, but still need development to achieve optimal learning results.
Page(s): 325-327 Date of Publication: 05 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61218Download PDF
Internet and social media has not only revolutionalised business activities but also created a new way of doing business. It has become the new trend among businesses including SMEs. It was on this ground that this study was done to investigate social media and internet as a tool for improving SMEs performance in Sierra Leone. The study specifically examined the factors that influence the adoption of social media and internet among SMEs in Sierra Leone and determined the influence that the use of social media and internet has on SMEs market accessibility The study adopted a descriptive research design that collected primary data from a sample of fifty (50) SMEs in Freetown using questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS v26. Findings from the study revealed the factors that influence SMEs to adopt internet and social media and the influence of social media and internet on SMEs accessibility. The study further revealed that social media and internet influences SMEs accessibility in many ways. Conclusively, social media and internet is an important tool for improving SMEs performance in Sierra Leone. The study therefore recommended that SMEs conduct a cost-benefit analysis, the SME owners have some basic education needed for the operation of the technologies and training programmes are required for getting the best out of the use of IT.
Page(s): 328-334 Date of Publication: 05 January 2023
Download PDF
This research work investigated the relationship between parental communication styles and substance use of adolescents among senior secondary school students in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study employed the descriptive survey method involving the use of a questionnaire. The total population for the study was all substance-use adolescents in secondary schools in Kaduna State obtained from school records. For the study, three hundred and sixty-three (363) respondents were purposively selected from 12 randomly selected senior secondary schools in the three senatorial zones of the state, as 351 responded and returned the completed questionnaires representing 98.3 % The instruments used in the study were the 18-item parental communication measures adopted from life Skills Training questionnaire designed and standardized by Botvin (2007) and Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Involvement Scale adopted from Moberg’s (2011) Students’ Behaviour of Substance Use. Three objectives, three research questions and three null hypotheses were used and tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between aggressive parental communication style and substance use of adolescents (r= 0.945. p= 0.000). There is no significant relationship between assertive parental communication style and substance use of adolescents among secondary school students with (r= -0.574, p = 0.000). The findings also showed a significant relationship between passive parental communication style and substance use of adolescents with (r=0.482, p = 0,001). It was recommended that parents, counsellors, psychotherapists, and stakeholders in education should be exposed to the adequate counselling strategies on the relationship between parental communication style and substance abuse of adolescents.
Page(s): 335-341 Date of Publication: 05 January 2023
Download PDF
A combination of public speculations and avalanche of media reportage are suggestive of fading culture of border security giving rise to evolving organized crimes along popular borders between Nigeria and Benin Republic. The study sought to establish veracity or otherwise of the claim with a view to signpost possible implications via security lens. Study adopted descriptive design and empirical evidence from analyzed data indicated faded culture of border security and affirmed six genres of organized crimes namely human trafficking, vehicle smuggling, smuggling of contraband goods, smuggling of small arms and light weapons, drug trafficking and migrant smuggling, perpetrated at varying degrees with contributory causes being border porosity, ignorance of the crimes, lucrativity of the crimes, poverty and unemployment. The nefarious practices were affirmed and noted to constitute a huge burden on the nation in different spheres, security sphere in particular. Thus, upgraded digitization of border security operations via incorporation of aerial surveillance, training on inter-agency collaboration, sensitization of border area dwellers, strategic recruitment of personnel and national rebirth advocacy to encourage legitimate dealings along the corridor to rebuild the culture of border security intelligence among border community dwellers and rekindle sense of patriotism in border security operatives were recommended
Page(s): 342-353 Date of Publication: 06 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61219Download PDF
Terrorism has assumed a global dimension sparing no part of the world. Almost every part of the globe has had its unfortunate share of the menace of terrorism in this 21st Century. In the last two decades (2001-2021, terrorism has spread from the Middle-East to America, Europe, Africa and other parts of the world with successful deadly attacks resulting in humongous fatalities. Major actors in terrorism include the terrorist groups, their sponsors, governments’ security forces, the victims and the media. Because of the important role the media play in the public space, this discourse examines the symbiotic relationship between the media and terrorism with reference to Nigeria. Anchored on the theories of agenda-setting, news framing and priming, the paper examines the nature of terrorism, purpose of terrorism, causes of terrorism, terrorism and organized crime, symbiotic relationship between media and terrorism, and ultimately the role of the media in combating terrorism in the world in general and Nigeria in particular. Cases of some notable terrorist attacks as reported in the Nigerian media were cited as illustrations.
Page(s): 354-360 Date of Publication: 06 January 2023
Download PDF
This study investigates the effect of life skill training on the self-efficacy of institutionalized children and the post-experimental evaluation of one group only. In this study, 40 institutionalized children in 10th grade were selected. Tools: The self-efficacy tool developed by Mathur & Bhatnagar was used. After 5 weeks of treatment, the group received life skills training consisting of two sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes. Following treatment, a post-test was administered to determine if life skills training increased the self-confidence of the institutionalized children. Results: Life skills training significantly increased the self-confidence of institutionalized children. Thus, life skills training is significantly effective
Page(s): 361-364 Date of Publication: 06 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61220Download PDF
Forgiveness is one of the hardest things to give and it is almost always given to those who don’t even deserve it. Some people don’t even like to think or even talk about it when someone hurts them. Holding on to anger and resentment can be an attitude adopted by some people in this world. On the other hand, some other people choose to practice forgiveness. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the practice of forgiveness and its significance among people who have experienced hurt from others among some members of the Tabwa ethnic community (DRC). The study used a Transcendental Phenomenological Research design. Convenient sampling was used to select 10 participants aged between 20 to 60 from the Tabwa ethnic community. The study used an interview guide for data collection. A thematic approach was employed for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that the participants allocated a great importance to forgiveness. It was found that the practice of forgiveness had produced some positive emotional outcomes and behaviors such as peace, happiness, freedom, sense of humility among other values.
Page(s): 365-369 Date of Publication: 06 January 2023
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61221Download PDF
The need for legal protection guarantees for digital concepts is very much needed in the digitalization era, especially with the widespread use of the internet in Indonesia, which tends to increase to become very vulnerable to opportunities for criminal acts to occur, especially law enforcement on personal data leaks. There have been several cases of personal data leakage in several e-marketplaces in Indonesia. The existence of vulnerabilities in the e-commerce cyber security system in Indonesia against personal data leakage requires the Government to resolve law enforcement issues through the ratification of Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning the Protection of Personal Data as a legal umbrella if there is a problem of leakage of personal data to every citizen as an e-commerce user. Because of this phenomenon, this study aims to evaluate the protection of personal data in transactions using e-commerce from the perspective of Indonesian law. This study uses a normative legal evaluation approach and normative-empirical law with qualitative analysis. This study found that personal data protection regulations are still partial, so Law no. 27 of 2022 concerning the Protection of Personal Data does not yet have maximum legal force purely as a legal regulator for guaranteeing personal data security.
Page(s): 370-375 Date of Publication: 06 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61222Download PDF
Human resource is known as an important part and parcel of an organization. In today’s world of wide spread industrialization and increasing demand on the organization to enhance the competitive position of workforce is a pervasive concern for employers and the employees too. Human Resource Management (HRM) function seeks to encapsulate and evaluate those factors exigently which is prevalent in the internal environment of organization affecting the degree of level of satisfaction and their commitment towards job. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of HR practices on job satisfaction in the context of small and medium sized manufacturing industry in Bangladesh. A total of 210 responses from 18 small and medium sized manufacturing firms were collected and analyzed objectively. It was found that HR practices have a significant association with job satisfaction. In addition, human resource planning were found to have positive impact on job satisfaction. It was also found that training and development has the greatest impact on job satisfaction. But, recruitment and selection, performance appraisals, compensation and rewards have very negligible impact on job satisfaction as their respective statistics are insignificant. Academicians, researchers, policy-makers, practitioners, students, local and foreign entrepreneurs of Bangladesh and other similar countries could benefit from this paper by exploring the association between HR practices and employee job satisfaction. The paper is divided into the following sections in order to fulfill the goal. The literature review and research gap are presented first, based on previous investigations. The research methods used in the study are then described. The analysis, results and discussions are reported in the paper’s third section. Finally, findings & recommendations with limitations, direction for the further study and conclusion are represented.
Page(s): 376-387 Date of Publication: 07 January 2023
Download PDF
One of the factors affecting productivity among Zambian women is related to disease burden. Health insurance is meant to reduce costs when faced with costly medical attention. This study investigated factors that affected women in acquiring health insurance in Zambia. It employed the discrete choice models, called; Linear Probability, Logit and Probit Models to estimate the chances of a woman having health insurance. Instrumental variables were used to solve the problem of endogeneity with education. The results show that the level of education was the main driver and increased the probability of having health insurance. Age, marital status, being in a rural setup were all positively related to possessing a medical scheme. Further, women who have good communication in English were more likely to have health insurance.
Page(s): 388-392 Date of Publication: 07 January 2023
Download PDF
Building projects entail numerous closely connected tasks. The management of such tasks is highly difficult, which makes it challenging for clients. According to Shamsudeen, 2009, such intricate and interconnected operations lead to cost issues that call for efficient cost management and control procedures. One of the most crucial activities in a building project is cost management and control, which begins at the conceptual stage of every project by giving clients and the design team cost recommendations to help the design be completed within the allocated budget (Cunningham, 2015). This research seeks to address the role of architects in cost management and control of building projects in Nigeria by thoroughly examining the following topics—cost management, cost control, the significance of cost management in a building project, a review of the members of the building team and their roles, and enumerating the statutory role and responsibilities of Architects in building projects in Nigeria. Every client hopes for a building project to be completed on time and within budget. The biggest problem an architect faces is controlling and managing cost of building project’s during planning and execution to prevent cost overruns. This study focused on architects and their role in cost management and control of building projects in Nigeria. This study suggests that the architect, who serves as the prime consultant in building projects, takes the lead in cost management and control.
Page(s): 393-397 Date of Publication: 07 January 2023
Download PDF
Rape is regarded as the most aggressive and serious sexual offence. It is a very serious crime affecting the lives and general activities of victims and their families, socially, psychologically and mentally. In Nigeria, rape incidence for women and girls is on an increasing trend; because of the discriminatory nature of the application of its laws, and sometimes some forms of violence against women are even legalized. It is against this backdrop that this research aims at identifying the real factors of prevalence of rape phenomena in Yobe state, with an attempt to provide solutions from Islamic perspective. The research is an exploratory qualitative research that sourced cross sectional primary data collected through the use of structured questionnaire. Multistage purposive sampling method was employed in selecting the respondents for the study across the study area. Thematic Analysis was employed as the method of data analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize and interpret the results of the thematic analyses of the data obtained. The findings of this research revealed that, lack of proper punishment for culprits is the major factor responsible of high rate of rape cases in Yobe state. It farther revealed that societal hatred against rape victims is the most common negative effect of rape phenomenon in the state. Finally, the recommended that public awareness campaigns should be carryout to address hindrances of prosecuting and punishing rape and other sexually related culprits in Yobe State.
Page(s): 398-404 Date of Publication: 07 January 2023
Download PDF
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the performance of climate-smart agriculture projects for smallholder farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. This cross-sectional study was conducted to discover the factors behind the slow performance of climate-Smart agriculture projects in adopting, mitigating, and increasing productivity, and therefore improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. The research was conducted in the 11 Sub-Counties of Nakuru County, Kenya. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered to 110 agriculture extension workers. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis. The results indicated that farmers’ factors, project, and political factors significantly affected the performance of the agricultural projects at variation of 83.3 % (R2 = 0.833). The study recommends that the government and all relevant stakeholders work jointly to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. It is especially important to ensure that smallholder farmers are equipped with self-help capabilities and allowed to participate in climate-smart agriculture project decision-making. In addition, it is critical to examine the issues of funding disbursement, improve the political environment in which CSA projects work, and project factors.
Page(s): 405-415 Date of Publication: 7 January 2023
Download PDF
The study set out to arrest the challenge of lack of equivalent terms in the Igbo language of soccer terms, a game that has gained the widest popularity in Nigeria, especially among the Igbo speaking population. The major aims of the study were to develop English-Igbo soccer terms through translation and to ascertain the validity and reliability indices of the terms translated. The primary source of data was a glossary of 387 soccer terms sourced from related literature. After translation and restructuring by experts, a research sample of one hundred face and content validated terms were obtained. The framework of analysis rested on Eugene Nida’s theory of Dynamic Equivalence. The one hundred face and content validated English-Igbo terms were subjected to reliability test using the Cronbach alpha scale, which showed a high reliability level. The major contributions made by this study were the development and validation of English-Igbo soccer terms. The study recommended, inter-alia, that the terms developed and validated should be standardized and adopted by the government of Nigeria and the Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture (SPILC).
Page(s): 416-423 Date of Publication: 08 January 2023
Download PDF
This study examined the relationship between debt experiences and indebtedness of formal sector employees in Kenya. Positivism paradigm was used in this study. The study adopted a cross sectional and correlational descriptive research design. The study targeted about 2.4 million employees in the formal sector. Three stage sampling was done, first, cluster sampling and then, stratified sampling and finally random sampling. The study used primary data collected by use of self-administered questionnaires. A pilot test of the questionnaire was conducted on 40 respondents to check its validity and reliability. Using Cockran 1977 formula, 384 questionnaires were circulated. Of the returned 337, 292 questionnaires were considered usable. Cronbach’s alpha for likert type items was found reliable (over 0.7). Data analysis used IBM SPSS statistics 21 for descriptive and correlation analysis. Further, OLS Multiple regression models were used to examine the relationship between debt experiences and indebtedness. The findings reveal that debt experiences have a significant effect on indebtedness. The study recommends increased use of debt advice and counselling by formal sector employees in Kenya.
Page(s): 424-432 Date of Publication: 08 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61223Download PDF
Agriculture is a very important sector in the Nigerian economy as it is the country’s major source of food. That notwithstanding, the support given to agriculture in terms of allocation has not been encouraging when comparing it to other sectors like mining, manufacturing, and oil. This study examines the impact of government expenditure on agriculture on agricultural output in Nigeria within the period 1986 to 2019. The specific objectives are to critically examine the impact of agricultural recurrent and capital expenditure, commercial bank credit on agriculture and agricultural labour on agricultural output using annual time series data sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin 2019. The variables used for the study are agricultural output, recurrent expenditure on agriculture, capital expenditure on agriculture, commercial bank credit to agriculture, foreign direct investment, domestic savings, and agricultural labour. The ordinary least square method is adopted to test for empirical evidence. The regression result shows that capital expenditure on agriculture, domestic savings, foreign direct investment, and commercial bank credit to agriculture have positive and statistically significant impact on agricultural output. The study recommends the need for execution of capital and infrastructural projects, mobilization of domestic savings through financial institutions and application of mechanized farm tools in order to increase agricultural output.
Page(s): 433-440 Date of Publication: 08 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61227Download PDF
This research reports on the findings from a study which was conducted to explore the determinants of financial literacy gender gap in Mashonaland Central Province, Bindura. Therefore, the researcher sought to measure the financial literacy levels of women and men in Zimbabwe in a bid to reveal the factors affecting the gender gap. Women play a pivotal role in economic development and constitute the majority (55%) of the population (ZIMSTATS, 2012). A quantitative research method was used where data was collected among a randomly selected sample of 385 adults in Bindura, using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using Chi-square tests generated from SPSS version 20 and a financial knowledge index constructed using Microsoft Excel. Findings of the research revealed that age, marital status, education, occupation, income and socialisation explained the financial literacy gap. The study recommended instituting financial education programs targeting women especially those who have lower education, lower income levels, old aged, and unemployed, divorced and widowed to reduce the gender gap.
Page(s): 441-447 Date of Publication: 08 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61224Download PDF
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) public policy in Zimbabwe. The Delphi Technique was adopted as the methodology for the study. The Delphi technique is a group process used to survey and collect the opinions of experts on a particular subject. The technique was considered appropriate for policy evaluation since expert opinions are critical in policy evaluation. Two rounds of data collection and analysis of data from a purposively selected panel of 35 experts from Harare were conducted. Overall, the study indicated that the SME policy was largely ineffective. The findings with regard to the lack of equitable distribution of the costs and benefits of the policy were also enlightening. Essentially, the study revealed that the development of a comprehensive SME policy that fosters training, skills transfer, and succession planning is key to enabling SMEs to grow and continue to survive beyond the death of the founder.
Page(s): 448-463 Date of Publication: 08 January 2023
Download PDF
This study aimed to explore the challenges, approaches, and outputs as experienced by educational leaders of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) towards academic resilience. Participants of the study were 14 educational leaders represented by either President or Deans of HEIs in Region XI. This study was conducted last January to June of 2021 and it employed a phenomenology-qualitative research design. Virtual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were utilized as data gathering tools in generating responses. Difficulty in sustaining the quality of education and instructional delivery, lack of faculty training in using technology in instruction delivery, poor internet connectivity and non-availability of teaching gadgets, and not-well managed institutional resources were the themes that emerged from the responses on the challenges faced by educational leaders in achieving academic resilience. Educational leaders employed the following approaches: adapt the new normal situation with a positive mindset; implement flexible learning; apply innovative leadership in handling resources and operations of HEIs; intensify faculty development; and collaborate with teachers, stakeholders, partner – institutions, and other agencies. The output of the approaches shows that educational leaders were able to build resilience amid the new normal situation and improved efficiency in delivering its services. The results implied that challenges make the educational leaders more innovative, positive, determined, and collaborative. The management of higher education institutions may assess the Learning Management System, evaluate the results of the approaches of educational leaders, and craft relevant policies to fully achieve academic resilience.
Page(s): 464-472 Date of Publication: 09 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61225Download PDF
The study was designed to examine the effect of corporate leverage management on dividend policy of firms in the consumer goods industries in Nigeria. This study adopted ex-post facto research design. It uses annual time series data extracted from the Annual Report and Accounts of consumer goods companies under study. The data covered from 2006 -2020. For the data analysis, the study uses descriptive statistics as well as statistical correlations and regression analysis where dividend policy as the dependent variable, long term debt to total asset, Debt to equity ratio and debt to capital ratio as independent variables. The result therefore, revealed there is positive but weak (r = 0.201919) relationship between long term debt to total asset and dividend policy for the year. Another one revealed that the Debt equity ratio on dividend policy in Nigeria has negative (-0.0556) but significant (p>0.015) contribution on dividend policy for the year well Debt capital ratio on dividend policy in Nigeria has negative (-7.987574) but significant (p>0.0103) contribution on dividend policy for the year. It implies that organisations that have a higher level of leverage are face more insecurity and may suffer bankruptcy and cannot pay dividend to investors as supposed. The study recommends that Consumer goods organization management should keep away from depending long term liability in financing its activities to avoid low asset turnover. Secondly, Management of consumer goods companies should consider sinking fund account necessary to provide for the repayment of their debt before the maturity period. Finally, Consumer goods organization management should ensure that leftover debt capital is immediately paid off.
Page(s): 473-482 Date of Publication: 09 January 2023
Download PDF
In this period where performance management has gotten to an abolishing degree of teacher quality and school viability; educational institutes, students and teachers are presently under pressure to compete for acknowledgment on the premise of evaluations, yearly audits, and ranking of tables: where teachers are now positioned as self-governing professionals with their work progressively measured against students’ performance on national and international tests. And teachers who are’ ethical subjects’ find their values have been tested by what Stephen Ball called ‘the terrors of performativity’. Further, the value placed on measuring, politicizing, and labeling teachers has caused emotional stress in transforming what it’s meant to be a teacher. The literature review results were based on one research question: Why do teachers still comply with neoliberal performative techniques? The literature search was based on the following primary keywords such as “teacher performativity,” “teacher + neoliberalism”, and “teacher + performance management”. The paper unravels that teachers are still complying with neoliberal performative techniques because it provides a stage to gain joy and social acknowledgment, which worked as a psychical motivating force persuading them to utilize them for their academic advantages.
Page(s): 483-488 Date of Publication: 09 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61226Download PDF
Vernacular architecture has evolved into appropriate building methods for each type of culture and climate owing to over hundreds of years of experience. Because of the proper use of environmental design strategies and compatibility with social and cultural norms vernacular architecture has successfully created a desirable indoor environment with minimal energy consumption. Modern technology is all about efficiency in science and velocity in implementation. Socio-cultural consciousness or indigenous knowledge systems nourished with beliefs and practices in the vernacular building traditions are less acknowledged by modern science as imperative. In this context, the present study has shown the direction, i.e. how and the way, in which, vernacular architecture is crucial in representing modern scientific knowledge in constructing buildings. Remarkably, rich repository of traditional knowledge systems, especially techniques and practices involved in creating living- friendly interiors in the abodes of pre-modern Sri Lanka, are analogous with modern technical applications. The body of the article defines and analyses how traditional building techniques illustrate modern technological adaptations and the symmetry between traditional practices and modern technology as appeared in vernacular architecture, particularly, in heat transfer and damp prevention mechanisms used in dwellings in the sixteenth and nineteenth century Sri Lanka. The findings achieved in the research illustrate that the vernacular architecture which represents an eco-friendly organic constructing system mirrored modern building techniques to fit with the natural environment and cause less harm to the built environment.
Page(s): 489-495 Date of Publication: 09 January 2023
Download PDF
In order to recommend policies and practices that will enhance nurse’s performance in Kenya, this study aimed at examining the influence of employee supervision on the performance of nurses in public health facilities in Makueni County in Kenya. The study was anchored on goal setting theory and human capital theory. The study target population was 175 nurses. Slovin’s formula was used to arrive at a sample size of 122 respondents. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was done using multiple regression analysis to establish the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. Based on the empirical findings, the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between employee supervision and performance of nurses in public health facilities in Makueni County, employee supervision practices like having fair supervision policy in place, employee-supervisor relationship and employee harassment are all significant factors that influence the performance of nurses in public health facilities in Kenya, Regarding this finding, the study therefore recommended that; the ministry of health in Kenya should come up with clear policies on employee supervision to avoid any harassment of nurses by their supervisors. Supervisors should be trained on matters of employee relations, emotional intelligence and general interpersonal relations to be able to effectively handle their supervision roles to motivate nurses to deliver quality service to the public.
Page(s): 496-501 Date of Publication: 10 January 2023
Download PDF
The legacy of the second generation of Nigerian poets like Niyi Osundare to contemporary writers is an uncompromising exposition of social and political realities, a passion for justice and equity for the suffering masses, and a belief that the prevailing repressive political system can and should be changed. In their acclaimed mission of the poet as a ‘righter’ of wrongs, recent Nigerian poets are generally continuing in the tradition of protest poetry: their sympathy for the masses is evident in their strident condemnation of societal evils; their methods are artistic and linguistic clarity and directness of expression. Rome Aboh, one of Nigeria’s most recent, third-generation poets, has joined the swelling voices of young poets with his debut collection of poems, A Torrent of Terror. This essay examines his poems in the light of the protest tradition bequeathed to contemporary poets by the older generation of dissident voices. It adopts both the sociological and formalist methods of literary criticism in evaluating his poems, both of which show that Aboh is not simply concerned with portraying the moral turpitude and soico-political decadence that bedevil contemporary society; he is also asking for a general overhaul of the system in ways that will ensure the enthronement of egalitarian and humanistic values. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate the functionality and relevance of contemporary Nigerian poetry.
Page(s): 502-507 Date of Publication: 10 January 2023
Download PDF
This study examines the goals and achievements of Intensive Language Courses (ILC) at Private Universities in Bangladesh. It focuses on how the students develop four linguistic skills— the art of critical reading, elegant writing, fluent speaking, and empathic listening; their performance in appearing for the examination and professionally dealing with the public audience. It also emphasizes how effectively the learners acquire communicative competence in English and the challenges they face in learning it. The researcher has followed the descriptive method for collecting qualitative and quantitative data. Besides, the researcher has employed questionnaires and interview methods to determine the objectives, findings, and limitations of ILC. The paper highlights the expert suggestions to learners and why they must follow the ILC to foster a strong local, regional and global network; develop professionalism in academic, corporate, and social life. Finally, based on the findings, the study intends to provide recommendations to ensure the effective implementation of ILC at Private Universities in Bangladesh.
Page(s): 508-512 Date of Publication: 10 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61228Download PDF
The retributive justice paradigm, which forms the legal basis for eradicating corruption, is irrelevant to the law’s main objective against corruption in Indonesia. The spirit to save state assets must be based on restorative justice thinking oriented towards recovering from criminal acts rather than imprisoning corruptors. This study aims to examine the legal and political policies for eradicating corruption in Indonesia, where restorative justice can be used to restore state financial losses that can be recovered by the accused. This study uses normative legal research to answer the problems faced, and the authors use legal rules, legal principles, principles, and doctrines. The study results show that 1) the concept of restorative justice in sentencing perpetrators of corruption can be implemented by strengthening the norms of restitution for state losses from serving as additional crimes to becoming principal crimes. As for anticipating perpetrators unable to pay for these losses, the concept of forced labor can be applied instead of imprisoning perpetrators of corruption; 2) the concept of restorative justice in sentencing perpetrators of corruption can be implemented in the form of strengthening the norms of returning state losses from being an additional crime to being a major crime; 3) it is important to reform the criminal act of corruption immediately so that the restorative justice paradigm can be immediately introduced into the new legal norms.
Page(s): 513-519 Date of Publication: 10 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61229Download PDF
Development aid flow to African countries started in 1960s when most African countries attained Independence from their colonial masters. The aim of giving development aid to African countries is to help them overcome development challenges. It was estimated that west developed countries has spent about $600 billion on development aid to African countries. Yet, there is little effect of development aid on socio-economic and political development in African countries. This led to ongoing debate on effectiveness of aid on development. The paper has traced the historical origin of development aid, and the theoretical justification of the need of giving aid to African countries. It also explained the theoretical debate among scholars who are in support of development aid as a mean of promoting economic development in African countries and those with the view that development aid failed to deliver development to African countries, instead it created dependency syndrome. The study reveals that corruption, aid conditionality, aid volatility, debt and unfair trade relations between the developed countries and African countries hindered the effective performance of development aid in African countries. The study also found out that African leaders attempted to address the failures of development aid in the continent, through Lagos action plans and Monrovia declaration of development agenda under the umbrella of organization of Africa Union (Africa Union), but the two documents failed to address the lack of political and economic growth in African countries. Therefore the study recommend that, the pattern of relationship between donor countries and African countries, have to be redesign, and the structural imbalance in the global trading system must be reform, and free trade should be replaced with fair trade. The study also suggests that African governments should reforms their political and economic institutions in order to address the problem of corruption and management of development aid in the continent.
Page(s): 520-528 Date of Publication: 10 January 2023
Download PDF
Depression is a mental health issue that can have an impact on one’s health and capacity to lead a normal life. It can cause a sad mood, a lack of enjoyment or interest, guilt or a sense of low self-worth, interrupted sleep or food, low energy, and it can seriously impair one’s ability to concentrate. Generally, students of tertiary institutions are at higher risk of experiencing depression when compared to the general population. There is a paucity of data on the mental health of students in tertiary institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. The objective of this study was to assess the pattern and determinants of depression among students attending tertiary institutions in Rives State, Nigeria. This cross sectional study was conducted among 873 students attending tertiary institutions who were selected using a multistage sampling technique. The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess depression. Chi square and binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between independent variables and depression. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. In general, 19.9% of the respondents exhibited symptoms of depression. The pattern of depression showed that 13.5% of the respondents experienced mild depression, 4.1% experienced moderate depression, 1.6% were moderately severely depressed, and 0.7% of the respondents were severely depressed. In the Chi square and binary logistic regression analyses, attending university [p= 0.001, 95% CI: 1.20-3.85], being 22 years of age or younger [p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.04-2.41], being a member of a monogamous family [p=0.001, 95% CI: 1.75-4.95], being the fourth child or above [p= 0.001, 95% CI: 1.06-2.86], having a maternal education level of secondary and below. In conclusion, depression is prevalent among students attending tertiary institutions in Rivers State. There is a need for the management of tertiary institutions to periodically examine the mental health status of students attending tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Interventions targeted at variations in family structure and restructuring the university curriculum should be implanted to reduce the incidence of depression.
Page(s): 529-535 Date of Publication: 11 January 2023
Download PDF
Human Rights Abuses ranging from torture and kidnap to disappearance of persons and political assassinations, among others, have become a recurring decimal in Rivers State politics in recent times. These, in most cases, are perpetrated by the Law Enforcement Agents deployed to the campaign grounds as well as unknown uniform gunmen who exploit the proclivities of the Law Enforcement Agencies to inflict harm on the citizens on campaign and off campaign grounds. Extant literature shows that while scholars have examined how variables like warring cult groups, unknown factions from the both conflicting parties, etc, have engendered Human Rights Abuses in Rivers State, there has not been any systematic scholarly effort directed at exploring the nexus between the dynamics of political campaigns and Human Rights Abuses in the State within the period of 2013 to 2021. This study, therefore, undertakes to interrogate this linkage. The paper utilized the Social Conflict Theory as a framework of analysis, while also adopting the Ex-post facto research design. The Documentary method and content analysis were deployed for data collection and data analysis, respectively. The study found that the militarization of political campaigns and the excessive use of other Security Agents undermined Human Rights by exacerbating their Abuses in Rivers State, Nigeria. Appropriate punishment of officers and politicians who sponsor election-related violence is therefore recommended.
Page(s): 536-543 Date of Publication: 11 January 2023
Download PDF
This study sets out to study self confidence as a determinant of students Academic achievements in the University of Bamenda. Building self confidence is salient as far as success in academics is concerned. Low academic achievements are indicators of internal inefficiency which could equally affect external efficiency adversely. Low academic achievements could to a certain extent be attributed to lapses in self confidence building by students. This to a large extent could adversely influence students’ self efficacy in academics. Within the context of this study, 412 students were selected to constitute the sample of the study. The purposive sampling technique was adopted and the main instrument for data collection was the questionnaire. The tool for data analysis was the spearman rank correlation and the following results were obtained: for the hypothesis one, it was found that goal setting significantly influences students academic achievement by 73.9%(p-value<0.05), while in the second hypothesis vicarious learning influences students academic achievement by 63.2%(p-value<0.05). Based on these results we conclude that self confidence significantly affects students academic achievement in the university of Bamenda.
Page(s): 544-549 Date of Publication: 11 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61230Download PDF
Drug abuse is still a major threat, even during the Covid-19 pandemic. Drug abuse does not show a decrease amid mobility restrictions. This research seeks to see how drug abuse is carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic in the jurisdiction of Polda Metro Jaya. By using descriptive qualitative research, the results showed that drug abuse during the pandemic was the most common crime committed. The response to the spread of Covid-19 in the form of restrictions on community mobility has had an impact on disrupting the supply chain of the drug market. Drug dealers during the Covid-19 pandemic tried to use other ways to overcome mobility restrictions by diverting transportation to routes they considered less risky, such as black ports. Cannabis is produced locally and distributed via land routes, indications show that this supply chain has not been disrupted by Covid-19. In addition, drug users also show changes in consumption patterns by looking for drugs that are easy to obtain and use, such as liquid vape.
Page(s): 550-554 Date of Publication: 11 January 2023
Download PDF
This study uses secondary data to examine the relationship between the manufacturing sector and import dependence in Nigeria, paying particular attention to the effects of imported intermediate, capital, and manufactured goods (herein referred to as import dependence) on the performance indicators of the manufacturing sector (such as manufacturing output growth, capacity utilization, value added, employment rate, and export adopted in the study). Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) was used to provide empirical evidence for the relationship between manufacturing sector performance (dependent variable) and import dependence. The study adopted Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) for unit root test analysis, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration test analysis, and (independent variable). Evidence of a long-term association between the performance of the manufacturing sector was found by the ARDL bounds cointegration test.It was discovered from the empirical findings among others that only import of capital contributed positively to all indicators of manufacturing sector performance adopted in the study. Based on the findings, the study recommends that government should adopt import substitution strategy and make import only for capital and partially for intermediate goods that cannot be produced domestically, while, the importation of manufacutured goods should be discouraged at all cost in Nigeria. Thus conclude that on the average Nigeria’s manufacturing sector is surrounded with doubting benefits and may not be good enough to set economic growth and developmental platform required in the economy.
Page(s): 555-561 Date of Publication: 12 January 2023
Download PDF
The central focus of this qualitative study was to explore the community influences on the management of children with autism in Harare. An examination of the community perceptions that influence the emotional management and behaviour of caregivers of children with autism was also done. The qualitative approach founded on the constructivist research philosophy was used. In addition, a phenomenological research design and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. A sample of 12 community members selected using purposive and snowballing sampling techniques, participated in this study. The data collected was analysed using thematic analysis and was grouped into related themes including views on ASD, community perceptions on children with ASD, community influences on the emotional management of children with ASD, community influences that affect the behavior of caregivers and coping mechanisms of caregivers of children with ASD. Results of this study revealed the community influences as largely having a negative influence on the management of children with autism. Stigma and discrimination leading to social exclusion of children with autism and their families were noted to emanate from community perceptions that affect the management of children with autism. The results suggested that community influences negatively impact on the drive by government to promote inclusivity in all spheres of life. The study recommended the efficacy of different therapies for autism such as music and art therapy on children with autism for future research.
Page(s): 562-570 Date of Publication: 12 January 2023
Download PDF
Human capital development among students have suffered because of lack of entrepreneurial skill acquisition which would have been incorporated into them while still in the university. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between students’ entrepreneurial skill acquisition and human capital development in state universities in South- Eastern, Nigeria. The study is predicated on Dekeyser’s theory of skill learning (2007). The idea contends that learning a broad range of abilities exhibits a striking resemblance in development from early information representation through early behavioral modifications to ultimately fluent, spontaneous, mostly easy, and highly competent behavior. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The study’s 1325 participants were divided into 307 samples using Taro Yamane’s statistical technique. The test was run at a significance level of 0.05 after the data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found a substantial and positive correlation between students’ human capital development and skill acquisition at state universities in South-East Nigeria. The study recommended that students acquire entrepreneurial skills so they can create jobs rather than looking for them after graduation.
Page(s): 571-578 Date of Publication: 12 January 2023
Download PDF
The researcher examined relationship between parental empowerment and engagement, and management of primary school curriculum implementation in Embu County, Kenya. Parental empowerment and engagement are key concepts that need to be fully utilized; for complete realization of effective competence based curriculum management in Kenyan schools. The concern was that the idea of parental empowerment and engagement is underutilized in competence based curriculum implementation in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to examine relationship between parental empowerment and engagement, and management of primary school curriculum implementation in Embu County, Kenya. The researcher used Krejcie and Morgan sample determination table to determine 364 respondents from 7000 target population. The study utilized correlation research design and descriptive design. The study respondents were: teachers, subject panel heads, head teachers and parents’ association representatives. The research tools were questionnaires and interview guides. Inferential statistics was analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square tests. The study established that there was significant relationship between parental empowerment and engagement, and management of primary school curriculum implementation in Embu County, Kenya. Following study findings, the researcher concluded that parental empowerment and engagement are valuable concept in management of primary school curriculum implementation in Kenyan schools. Therefore, the researcher recommended that ministry of education should encourage parental empowerment and engagement for efficient curriculum implementation management in primary schools in Kenya.
Page(s): 579-583 Date of Publication: 13 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61231Download PDF
Learners’ academic achievement is determined, to a large extent, by nature of operating environment and the extent to which such environment supports such achievement. Among the factors that determine suitability of learning environment is the extent of parental engagement in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of Parental engagement on Students’ Academic Performance in Public day Secondary Schools in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study sought to; assess the influence of home based parental engagement on learners’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Bungoma South Sub-County, Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was guided by Theory of Parental Involvement (TPI). Descriptive research design was embraced by the study. The target population comprised of 4,557 form four students 50 school principals, 120 form four class teachers and 120 form four class parents’ representatives. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules while secondary data was collected using document analysis. The sample size contained 15 form four class teachers and 15 Parents Representatives each drawn from each school, 5 principals and 368 form four students making a total of 403 respondents. The respondents were selected using purposive, proportionate and simple random sampling techniques. Research tools were checked for validity through consultation with course supervisors. The reliability of the questionnaire was improved using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient formulae. Piloting was done in three schools in the neighbouring Bungoma Central Sub-County. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze quantitative data. The study found that there was no significant difference between home based parental engagement and students’ academic achievement. The study further established that parental engagement in students learning activities was weak particularly in activities such as monitoring homework, supporting motivation programs and prompt payment of school levies. As such, students’ academic achievement was low. The study calls for creation of awareness among parents and community members on the need to support students’ learning activities at home. Similarly school administrations are required to formulate policies to strengthen and entrench parental engagement and community collaboration in their schools.
Page(s): 584-591 Date of Publication: 13 January 2023
Download PDF
Quality teaching of classroom mathematics in schools begin with exposing student teachers to a quality teacher education curriculum during their teacher education programme. The rationale for this study was to analyse the mathematics teacher education curriculum by reflecting on lecturers’, students and in-service teachers’ perceptions. Mixed methods design particularly the convergent parallel design was used. Questionnaires were distributed to former university students who were teaching mathematics in Lusaka and Kitwe district of Zambia as well as final year student teachers who were on the programme and had done their school teaching experience. In addition, some teachers, lecturers of mathematics content and mathematics teaching methods were interviewed. The researcher used description and thematic analysis in analysing qualitative data and quantitative data was analysed through the use of the statistical package for social sciences version 20 where means and independent samples t-tests were used. The study key findings reviewed that the way teachers of mathematics were prepared for their professional classroom job was inappropriate as the curriculum they were exposed to during their teacher education programme was loosely linked to what the student teachers were expected to teach upon graduation in Zambian schools. This affected the way mathematics was taught in secondary schools. Besides, the mismatch in the two curricula led to teachers of mathematics with diplomas to divert to other teaching subjects when upgrading their studies to a degree level. Hence, it was recommended that the higher institutions of learning needed to consider the ministerial directive by reviewing the mathematics teacher education curriculum after thoroughly conducting a job analysis. It was also recommended that the Ministry of Education needed to reinforce the already existing continuous professional development to bridge the gap between the two curricula.
Page(s): 592-602 Date of Publication: 17 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61232Download PDF
Purpose: Service quality and customer satisfaction are very important concepts that companies must understand if they are to grow and remain competitive in the business environment. Service and product quality is considered to be very critical to any modern business because it contributes to higher customer’s satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to find out the implication of service and product quality on consumers’ satisfaction, Particular focus was placed on variables like responsiveness, reliability, empathy and how they affect consumers’ satisfaction. Methodology: To accomplish this task both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were applied. A sample of 150 respondents was selected from the customers of UBa ventures PLC Bambili using a simple random sampling technique. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection for the study. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The ordinary least square (OLS) was use to verify the Findings: We observed that, responsiveness, reliability has a positive effect and empathy has a negative effect in predicting customer satisfaction. From the finding, the results also reveal an interesting relationship between service and product quality on customer satisfaction. We observe that all the indicators of service and product quality have significant effect on customer satisfaction, thus this findings can help organization gain competitive advantage by improving their service and product quality in terms of reliability, responsiveness and empathy Unique Contribution: It was recommended that, hospitality industries should create a complaint desk where customers can register their complaints and a systematic procedure to handle customer’s complaints. Also, proper explanation and use of a well understood language is vital for effective communication of employees. Management should put in place strict guidelines to be followed while dealing with customer’s complaints to be satisfactorily handled and thus increase the level of customer satisfaction.
Page(s): 603-607 Date of Publication: 17 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61233Download PDF
This research work “The Effect of Time Management on Employee performance of some public organisation (Councils) in Boyo. The study had as objectives; Find out the extent to which work schedule affects employee (job) performance; To examine the extent to which Punctuality influence employee (job) performance; Assess the role of Procrastination on employee (job) performance. The study was based on three null hypotheses H01: work schedule has no significant effect on employee performance; H02: Punctuality has no significant effect on employee performance; H03: Procrastination has no significant effect on employee performance. Data for the study was gotten from primary sources. 120 structured questionnaires were administered to employees of the Councils who were selected through the stratified sampling technique. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis and presented using tables. The value of R square indicates how the variation of the independent variable varies on the dependent variable. The R square (0≤R2≥1) gives the level at which the dependent variable (Employee Performance) is being explained by Time Management (Work schedule, Punctuality and Procrastination), it is generally compared at 30%, the higher the R square the better the degree of explanation. In this case R2= 65.1 % which is greater than 30%. This coefficient shows a relative moderate degree of explanation of the dependent variable by the independent variables. Thus, work schedule, punctuality, and procrastination have a positive influence on employee performance. Hence the decision will be to reject the null hypothesis (H0) in favour of the alternative. This means that time management has a significant influence on employee performance. It is therefore recommended that the management and employees of councils should be able to identify primary objectives so that they can put in place those time management strategies that best satisfy them
Page(s): 608-613 Date of Publication:17 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61234Download PDF
Technology, innovation and digitalization have been of benefit to a greater extent for organizations to achieve competitive advantage. Moreover, digital adoption is necessary as it enables firms to cope with changing needs of customers in the dynamic environment and has positive impacts in terms of customer satisfaction, faster service delivery, profit growth, consistency and processes improvements. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of digital adoption on performance of insurance firms in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to establish the extent of digital adoption by insurance firms and to establish the relationship between digital adoption and performance of insurance firms in Kenya. This study was guided by the technology adoption theory and the innovation diffusion theory. The study used descriptive research design and a census approach was adopted to target all the 54 insurance firms in Kenya as at December, 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the extent of digital adoption in line with process, product and service while inferential statistics was undertaken using a regression analysis. The study established that there is a relationship between digital adoption and performance of insurance firms in Kenya, with digital adoption positively and significantly influencing performance of the insurance firms. The study concludes that digitalization enables the insurance firms to upgrade their processes, make product improvements and discharge quality services to their clients. The study recommends that insurance firms continually invest in technology and keep up with new innovations in order to enhance processes, products and service delivery to customers in order to improve company performance.
Page(s): 614-618 Date of Publication:17 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61235Download PDF
The study examined the effect of equity financing on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Return on Assets was used as a measure of financial performance while share capital, retained earnings, and other reserves were used as independent variables. Data for the study was obtained from the audited annual reports of the 14 sampled deposit money banks for a period of 10 years covering 2009 to 2018. The study employed robust ordinary least square regression as a tool for analysis and testing of hypotheses based on the Hausman specification test. The result reveals that share capital has a positive and insignificant effect on return on assets while retained earnings and other reserves have a positive and significant effect on return on assets. The study concludes that retained earnings and other reserves improve the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria, in line with pecking other theories. The study recommends, among others, that the board of directors should critically and closely monitor the financial structure decisions of the banks by closely ensuring that retained earnings and other reserves are ploughed back on profitable investments.
Page(s): 619-624 Date of Publication:17 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61236Download PDF
In this study, the success of Sri Lanka’s system of community-based corrections is discussed, with a focus on its usability. The research problem concentrates on how far the community corrections Act has been successful in achieving its objectives. For this purpose, 100 offenders who were undergoing treatment under the community corrections Act were randomly selected and interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Apart from that, an interview schedule was used to collect data from randomly selected 12 community corrections officers and five lawyers. The study revealed that the main objectives of the community-based corrections act had not been achieved for simple reasons such as overcrowding of prisons, the decline in the imprisonment of offenders for minor offences, and sending them for community-based corrections. Reduction of reconviction and recidivism and rehabilitation have not been maintained at a satisfactory level for the last 20 years. The study has revealed that the lack of knowledge and misconceptions about the Act and its process, non-compliance with the provisions of the Act, failures in the Community Corrections Department, and the lack of human and physical resources are the main reason for the ineffectiveness of the corrective mechanism. It was found that no considerable amendments to the Act would be necessary if it were to be implemented properly. Finally, the study has recommended improving awareness among the judges, lawyers, and the general public; issuing guidelines for magistrates to properly implement the provisions of the Act; establishing an organized institution to implement community corrections orders; appointing qualified officers, and organizing proper training for them; providing of due facilities for the officers for the effective implementation of the mechanism.
Page(s): 625-634 Date of Publication: 18 January 2023
Download PDF
This article intends to chart the evolution of the concepts of “Party Leaders and Leadership Selection” in 195 articles spanning 84 years (1937–2021) and “Party Leadership” in 160 papers spanning 60 years (1961–2021), sourced from the reputable international journal Scopus Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. Identify the Basic Concepts of “Party Leadership” and Variants of Party Leadership using the Harzing Publish or Perish (PoP) tool and retrieve data sources. In addition, the findings of the full article are revealed, including the number of citations, the name of the publisher, the location of the research, the author’s country of origin, and the trends in leadership themes. The methodology in this paper’s data is processed using the VOS Viewer bibliometric program, which visualizes title mapping and party leader or party leadership themes. Based on the findings of this review, political scientists should conduct additional research on a variety of topics, including the leadership and leadership of political parties in contact with communication, and the leadership of political parties in the face of the growing threat of political party oligarchy. This problem can be understood in terms of major obstacles to lowering the quality of political party leadership, namely the weakening of the selection procedure for leaders and political party leadership, and the problem is still weak in terms of strengthening political party leaders and leadership. Based on the results of the study, it is very important for the study of political parties to improve the quality of the selection of political party leaders through strengthening the selection of party leaders
Page(s): 635-643 Date of Publication: 18 January 2023
Download PDF
The Circular Economy in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is developing in Depok. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness and results of mentoring using detailed research methods from journal and manuscript sources, both printed and online books. The author continues with the interview model to strengthen the discovery of the data from valid sources, the time range from 2010 to 2019. The findings show that Assistance to MSMEs in Depok does not make a comprehensive contribution to MSME actors. It is 90% disagree with mentoring. The findings of this study provide a strong foundation for exploring the relevance of the readiness of the private sector and the government to design effective programs to empower MSMEs in Depok, West Java.
Page(s): 644-649 Date of Publication:18 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61237Download PDF
This study strives to ascertain the impact of the executive power to pardon on the criminal justice system. The power of pardon comes from the very beginning of human society, it has ancient origins. The executive power to pardon is a unique power vested with the executive, in Sri Lanka Article 34 of the Constitution grants power to the Executive President, and the scope of Article 34 was discussed by the researcher. To identify the concept of power to pardon and its impact on the criminal justice system, international and domestic authorities were analyzed while paying attention to the historical evolution and current application. The judges and courts of law in the criminal justice system are subject to substantial and procedural laws; the duty of the judges is strictly to apply the law. The prerogative of the executive pardon is only a constitutional devise that enables to redress of the unjust application of the law in a given situation. The analysis of executive pardon may relax the harshness and the rigidity of the legal provisions and customs, but it pointed towards several negative implications on the criminal justice system, to ridicule and rendered naught the entire processes which took place and the due application of the prevalent laws of the country. The constitutional power to grant a pardon does not have the freedom to do so in gross violation of the Rule of Law, a gross violation of the Fundamental Rights of the citizens, amounting to a violation of Article 12(1), in which there is a guarantee of equality and equal protection of the law. It became evident when comparing those theoretical implications with the actual practice, by closely studying selected cases of the research population and existing literature on the matter, that the executive power to pardon indeed has a negative impact on the criminal justice system. After realizing that the hypothesis of the research is true, the researcher attempted to rectify the situation by recommending both legal and procedural reforms that would make domestic law and procedure consistent with the standards recognized by international instruments. In this regard, several theories of law, as stipulated by jurists were used for inspiration, and also as validation for the recommendations suggested.
Page(s): 650-664 Date of Publication:18 January 2023
Download PDF
The work-life balance has become a much-discussed topic in today ‘s context in relation to many groups that are affected by many complexities and the highly demanding nature of the modern world. This research focused on doctors’ work-life balance in the Southern and Uva provinces in Sri Lanka. The study emphasized the impact of Time Management, Job Autonomy, Work Demands, and Family Demands on the work-life balance of doctors. A quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted at Hospitals in Southern and Uva provinces which consisted of 128 respondents. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. It is concluded that all the variables have a significant relationship with the work-life balance of doctors in these provinces.
Page(s): 665-668 Date of Publication:18 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61238Download PDF
The context of the policy of enforcing Islamic Law in North Aceh District is one of the mandates of Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Governance of Aceh. North Aceh District, through the Islamic Sharia Service and the Civil Service Police Unit, and Wilayatul Hisbah, implemented the policy of enforcing Islamic Sharia. The violations of Islamic Law in North Aceh district are sexual harassment, sexual abuse of children, and adultery. The purpose of this article is to analyze the Context of Islamic Sharia Enforcement Policies in North Aceh District. The research methodology is a qualitative descriptive analysis approach. Data collection techniques used by researchers are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the policy context for enforcing Islamic Shari’a in North Aceh District is seen from (1) The powers, interests, and strategies of the actors involved have been running with the commitment of Regional Officials to form agencies that carry out the implementation of Islamic Shari’a, namely the Islamic Shari’a Service and Civil Service Police Units. Meanwhile, the Islamic Shari’a policy strategy in North Aceh District is considered insufficient to address the problems of enforcing Islamic Shari’a. (2) The characteristics of the institutions and regimes in power in cases of violations of Islamic Law in North Aceh District have decreased every year. However, the category of violations of Islamic Law is increasingly worrying. The types of sharia violations most often committed in North Aceh are in the fields of aqidah, worship, Islamic symbols, khalwat or obscenity, and khamar (3) The level of compliance and responsiveness to the enforcement of Islamic Shari’a decreases by not increasing the knowledge, understanding, and awareness of the community about Islamic Law and Islamic Sharia. Weak supervision of the implementation of Islamic Sharia by not involving Tuha Peut, Tuha Lapan, and Wilayatul Hisbah
Page(s): 669-673 Date of Publication:18 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61239Download PDF
This research aims to identify and analyze the influence of compensation and work environment on the job satisfaction of Container Terminal partially or simultaneously. It has 61 respondents as the sample. The primary data collection uses observation and questionnaires. The data analysis uses multiple linear regression, correlations, and coefficient of determination. The results show that compensation and work environment strongly influence employee job satisfaction by 77.4%. The compensation variable has a dominant influence on employee job satisfaction, while the remaining 22.6% is influenced by other variables not examined in this research.
Page(s): 674-677 Date of Publication: 19 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61240Download PDF
Education is an element in the stimulation of socioeconomic development as advanced by several government policy documents and various scholars. Education is one of the most important aspects of human resource development. Despite the school administration laying some strategies to improve students’ academic performance, it is still low in Yatta sub-county. Therefore, the study sought to establish the effect of parenting approaches on students’ academic performance among public day secondary schools in Yatta sub-County. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population for this study included 28 public day secondary schools in Yatta sub-county. This study adopted the use of questionnaires and interview schedules to obtain data from the respondents. Raw data obtained from the respondents were sorted, cleaned and scrutinized for errors such as omissions, exaggerations, and biases. Quantitative data collected was then organized and entered into the computer using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. The study concluded that it is important for parents to adopt the authoritative parenting style among their adolescent children. This is because as much as authoritative parenting establishes rules and guidelines, and demonstrates power, it is more democratic than authoritarian which is important to build the children’s self-esteem and self-discipline which trickles down to good performance. From the study, it was concluded that although neglectful parenting style has been said to lead to poor academic performance, it could lead to a positive influence.
Page(s): 678-683 Date of Publication: 19 January 2023
Download PDF
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing students’ choice of computer studies in public and private secondary schools in Machakos Sub-County. The objective of the study was to establish the parental influence on students’ choice of computer studies in public and private secondary schools in Machakos Sub-County. Related literature was reviewed that provided an overview of computer studies in secondary schools and findings from previous researches on factors which determine students’ choice of computer studies in public and private secondary schools in regard to the research objective. The study used mixed method research design. The study embraced purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques to select the sample size of the computer studies students and parents. Data was collected through questionnaires and focus group discussion schedule. Data analysis was done by use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The audio recorded responses from the focus group discussion were organized into themes and integrated with rest of the data for purposes of triangulation. Data was presented in percentages, frequency distribution tables and verbatim quotations. The study established that parental factors influenced students’ choice of computer studies in both public and private secondary schools though with some variations; and that most of the students in both public and private secondary schools were guided by their parents on their choice of computer studies. The study recommended that parents need to make follow up in order to establish whether their children choose subjects in line with the courses they have been aspiring to pursue. This was due to the finding that in private secondary schools the directors determine the school curriculum. In view of this paper, computer studies should be made compulsory for all the students in the Kenyan education system.
Page(s): 684-688 Date of Publication: 19 January 2023
Download PDF
The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of insurgency on secondary school enrolment and drop-out in Mubi educational zone of Adamawa state Nigeria. The study determined the impact of insurgency on secondary schools’ students’ enrolment and investigated the impact of insurgency on secondary schools’ facilities using two research questions. The design and development approach was used for the purpose of the study propounded by Gall and Borg, 2007 as modified by Baharuddin, 2017. The population of the study was 19,200 respondents which were drawn from secondary schools across Mubi educational zone of Adamawa State. A purposive sampling technique was used to determine the sample of 200 respondents (both students and teachers in the area of study). A structured questionnaire of 20 items was used to collect data, and the data collected were analysed using means and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings of the study include the following: insurgency had reduced the number of students’ enrolment, insurgency had negatively affected the secondary schools’ facilities and there is no significant difference in the opinion of teachers and students on the impact of insurgency on secondary schools’ students’ enrolment and secondary schools’ facilities in Mubi educational zone of Adamawa state. It was concluded that: the insurgency contributed to the decline in number of students’ enrolment which increases the high number of school dropout and had destroyed a good number of secondary schools’ facilities. The opinion of teachers and students had no significant differences on the impact of insurgency on secondary schools’ students’ enrolment and secondary schools’ facilities in Mubi educational zone of Adamawa state, Nigeria. The researchers recommended that the government at local and state level should hire the services of registered and accredited vigilante to help in complementing the efforts of security personnel, so as to provide adequate security especially in the areas affected by insurgency in Mubi educational zone of Adamawa state, Nigeria. This will help to increase the students’ enrolment thereby reducing the number of dropouts in schools.
Page(s): 689-695 Date of Publication: 19 January 2023
Download PDF
This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of joint training and supervision on employee performance in the Kramat Village, Central Jakarta. This research method uses a survey technique with a quantitative and correlational approach. In this study, the number of samples was 51 respondents. The variables studied were training (X1) and supervision (X2) as independent variables and employee performance (Y) as the dependent variable. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that: (1) The training variable (X1) has a positive, strong and significant influence on employee performance with a correlation coefficient value of 0.682 and a coefficient of determination (r²) value of 0.465, meaning that the variable training contributes 46.5% to employee performance variables. (2) The supervision variable (X2) has a positive, strong and significant influence on employee performance with a correlation coefficient value of 0.728 and a determination coefficient value (r²) of 0.529, meaning that the supervision variable contributes 52.9% to the work performance variable employee. (3) The variables of training and supervision together have a positive, strong and significant effect on employee performance. This can be seen from the correlation coefficient value of 0.751 and the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.564, meaning that the training and supervision variables together contribute 56.4% to the employee performance variable
Page(s): 696-701 Date of Publication: 20 January 2023
Download PDF
Rural-urban migration is an aspect of internal migration. Humans are known to have migrated extensively throughout prehistory and human history and the movement of people in modern times has remarkably continued under various forms. This paper examines wage prestige as a factor influencing rural-urban migration in rural communities in Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria using a total of 40 (25 males and 15 females) eligible participants from 30 years and above. The study adapted purposive and snowball sampling techniques with in-depth interview as the method of data collection. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the elicited data. Result showed that many migrants were averse to self-employment. It was found that most rural migrants majorly seek salaried work that guarantees job security. Among other findings, the study found a correlation between education and migration. The study findings therefore highlight how the dislike for self-employment has increased the prestige attached to wage labour and the attendant implication on rural-urban migration. It heralds the need for urgent government intervention in rural areas.
Page(s): 702-709 Date of Publication: 20 January 2023
Download PDF
Globally, suicide has been identified by Word Heath Organization as the third leading causes of death among young people. Despite of increase of suicide among youths in Nyandarua, there is lack of studies to uncover the factors leading to suicide and therefore, the current study had the following objectives: To explore the family risk factors that dispose the youth to suicidal behaviours in Nyandarua Central Kenya; to examine the knowledge parents have on the youth suicidal behaviours of Nyandarua Central Kenya and to explore strategies that can be used by youth stakeholders to prevent suicidal behaviours among youths in Nyandarua central Kenya. The study employed exploratory research design. The study population were youths and stakeholders who included parents, teachers, nurses, chief and Church ministers. Through purposive sampling 16 participants were selected to participate in the study. The study employed Interview Guide to collect data. Thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis. The risk factors to suicidal behaviour among youths in Nyandarua were dysfunctional families; financial constraints; inappropriate use of social media; domestic abuse; and drug abuse. The parents had knowledge on indicators of suicide among youth including withdraw and loneliness; poor grooming; absenteeism from school; threatening of committing suicide; and poor relationship with the parents. The findings strategies to prevent suicidal behaviour among youths in Nyandarua were: Guidance and counselling; sensitization through workshops and seminars; support groups; and engaging youths in sports. Based on the findings, the study recommends stakeholders to work in collaboration towards helping youths to cope better with challenges of life.
Page(s): 710-720 Date of Publication:20 January 2023
Download PDF
This research aimed to investigate the relationship between school climate and student’ enrolment growth in Abubakar Tatari Ali polytechnic Model Staff School, Bauchi, (popularly called ATAP International School, Annex). Correlational and descriptive survey research designs were adopted in this study. Five essential dimensions of school climate were focused in the study, name: institutional environment, school-community relationship, principal’s leadership, teaching and learning, and school fees. The target population for this study comprised all parents in the host community, all the teachers and all the students in Abubakar Tatari Ali polytechnic Model Staff School, Bauchi. A sample of 148 respondents participated in the study. The respondent participants comprised 90 parents, 19 teachers and 39 students. Sample of the parents was selected through random sampling technique, while census (i.e. involving all subjects) sampling technique was employed to sample teachers. The student respondents for the study were selected through stratified random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was utilized as the tool for data collection. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in the form of mean and standard deviation and regression analysis. The hypothesis of the study was tested at α=.05level of significance. The study rejected the null (Ho) hypothesis and accepted the alternative (Ha) hypothesis of the study which stated that school climate factors have significant effect on students’ enrolment growth in Abubakar Tatari Ali polytechnic model staff school, Bauchi. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that the school should improve such climate dimensions as principal’s leadership, school-community relationship, teaching/learning and institutional environment.
Page(s): 721-725 Date of Publication:20 January 2023
Download PDF
This study examines whether the dynamics of the impact of oil prices on currency rates during a crisis are comparable throughout the many COVID-19 pandemic waves using the example of the Nigerian economy. The ARDL model was deemed the most appropriate to model the relationship between exchange rates and oil prices in the setting of this study, which is consistent with the results of our unit root testing. The study demonstrates empirically that, in the setting of exporting economies, the effect of oil prices on exchange rates is as theoretically predicted. It also shows that the average depreciation patterns of the Nigerian naira in relation to the US dollar tend to get worse when the COVID-19 pandemic outbreaks occur.
Page(s): 726-730 Date of Publication:20 January 2023
Download PDF
Government spending by African countries has generally been on the rise recently. This study investigates the effect of government spending on macroeconomic variables in 25 African countries from 2002 to 2019. The study utilises the Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) approach for the analysis. The study results indicate that fiscal policy positively and significantly impacts gross fixed capital formation and broad money. As a follow-up, the effect of fiscal policy is significant and negative on economic growth. Although fiscal policy’s outcome positively affects inflation and trade openness, the effect is insignificant. Also, while the impact of fiscal policy on the industrial production index is negative, the impact is not significant. The study recommends a well-coordinated and further boost to government spending to promote capital investment in these African countries. The policy of a better-managed increase in government expenditure should enhance investment and productivity to correct the negative impact of government expenditure on industrial production. More specifically, the government should spend more on projects with the potential of increasing productivity rather than recurrent and non-productive ventures with the tendency to increase inflationary pressures.
Page(s): 731-741 Date of Publication: 21 January 2023
Download PDF
This study explore the challenges faced by novice university educators in keeping up with research for publication requirements. Using a qualitative research design, data was obtained from 120 novice university educators from both private and public universities in Zimbabwe. We conclude that research related challenges is the greatest contributor to mental health issues confronting university educators. Unlike prior related literature, this study is an exposé to the existence of more overt and covert challenges facing novice lecturers, the likes of the existence of boundaries of inclusivity, competition superseding collaboration, publication demanding hyperbolization and the free-rider case and the sucker’s effect. The study therefore recommends the cultivation of a supportive culture and environment that is enabling to the new entrants within the higher education profession. The research support given to novice lecturers should correspond the relative value placed upon research for publication as a key attribute driving the university lecturer’s occupational security and professional progression.
Page(s): 742-749 Date of Publication: 21 January 2023
Download PDF
In this research an attempt has been made at taking a sociolinguistic view of the Kaonde-Ila language of Mumbwa district of Central Province of Zambia. Particular attention was spent on the manner in which the ever-changing circumstances in life put pressure on the Kaonde-Ila language. This pressure is a social demand that emanates from sociolinguistic factors such as language contact and language shift found within and outside the speech community of its speakers. This paper also deals with the historical background of the Kaonde-Ila people. An attempt has been made to differentiate between the various types of the Bantu botatwe languages to which Kaonde-Ila language belongs by tracing the origins of the Kaonde-Ila people and also to give a somewhat accurate definition of the most common words which are usually confused in the analysis of the Bantu botatwe group of languages.
Page(s): 750-761 Date of Publication: 21 January 2023
Download PDF
In a Zimbabwean context,minority languages are marginalised, as a result of the hegemonic influence of Shona and Ndebele.This hegemonic influence is is quite visible in various media and cultural texts,including music.Drawing on the Gramscian theory of hegemony,this study analyses the linguistic and cultural impact of Kujata jata,a song that was done in Tonga,which is one of the minority languages.The study gathered data using 10 qualitative in-depth interviews.The study ascertained that the song,has played a prominent role in promoting the Tonga language and culture.Despite the achievements of the song,a lot of hegemonic barriers are still intact.In light of the above,a lot still needs to be done to emancipate the Tonga language and culture.This study,therefore,advocates for a multi-pronged approach to the promotion of the Tonga language and culture.This approach must involve the production of more Tonga songs,films,literature and other cultural products,that reflect the Tonga culture.
Page(s): 762-771 Date of Publication: 21 January 2023
Download PDF
Society requires informed citizens, workers, and consumers to build a sustainable future. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) can help everyone to acquire skills and knowledge, and cultivate right attitudes and values needed to make informed decisions, ensuring transformation into a sustainable society. TVET encompasses pre and in-service education, learning, and other forms of skill development activities relating to occupational fields, production, and livelihoods. By integrating ESD into TVET, TVET becomes greener, which can work as a powerful force to advance people into ecologically responsible citizens, workers, and consumers while meeting the needs of industries, and individual learners. TVET system in Sri Lanka produces 200,000 to 250,000 skilled workforces to the labor market annually. They can make immense contributions to take forward the country’s sustainable development agenda if they are enriched with the right attitudes, skills, and knowledge. There is a significant research gap in this field in Sri Lanka. This research is aimed to understand the reality of integrating ESD into TVET, by assessing the level of knowledge and awareness of ESD among the TVET teachers, its integration with TVET curriculums, and the interest of students in green TVET and green jobs, taking the University of Vocational Technology as the case study organization. Questionnaires and discussion techniques were used to collect data. The analysis indicates strong awareness and interest among the teachers about ESD and the importance of its integration into TVET. Only 30 percent of respondents show less interest, which the study reflected due to poor attitudes. Sri Lanka’s TVET sector is taking considerable effort to embed ESD by reorienting curriculums, and teacher training, but mostly focused on the environmental facet of sustainability. Training is not more practical oriented. Lack of knowledge and skills hurdle the big-picture integration of ESD. The emerging interest in green TVET and green jobs among students shows high potential. Resources allocation, in-service more practical-oriented training, institutional leadership by example, key stakeholder engagement, reporting & communication are important to transform Sri Lanka’s TVET sector into a greener and more sustainability- successful.
Page(s): 772-786 Date of Publication: 21 January 2023
Download PDF
McDonald’s success in the global market is phenomenal, and India is no exception. The golden arches stretch across the globe despite invariably different gastronomical preferences. We are intrigued by the success of McDonald’s around the world, especially in India, which has a large vegetarian population. McDonald’s, famous for its meat products, is swiftly adopting the Indian-vegetarian ethos and has been successful in India too. This paper explores the ‘politics of taste’ by studying the cultural designs of McDonald’s and asks two pertinent questions: Does McDonald’s ‘homogenies’ the global gastronomies or adapting to a heterogenous global platter? How are commoners responding to the fast-food giant in India? The paper uses Arjun Appadurai’s and MD Certeau’s insights along with semi-structured-open-ended questionnaire, and non-participatory observation to study the cultural design of McDonald’s in India. Department of History, PGDAV College, University of Delhi.
Page(s): 787-793 Date of Publication: 21 January 2023
Download PDF
This study examined Port Harcourt residents’ perception of EnergyPlatform programme on Nigeria Info 92.3fm. It ascertained the extent of audience awareness, how the programme enriched audience knowledge base and/or how such perceptions enhanced transition from fossil fuels and hydropower energies to biomass renewable energy sources. . Findings reveal there is a degree of relationship between the extent of the audience awareness of EnergyPlatform programme and the nature and content on Nigeria Info 92.3fm radio station. It also showcased the programme as a contributor to the local energy debate, current energy technological trends and the peculiarity of biomass alternative energy source for electricity generation. The study concludes, EnergyPlatform programme is positioned as a purveyor of attitude and policy change development; therefore, has a significant influence on the listeners. This research recommends the need for presenters’ to continue to generate and sustain its global content with direct relevance to local needs via the use of Pidgin English and other local languages to enhance a wider reach.
Page(s): 794-802 Date of Publication: 21 January 2023
Download PDF
The research aims to identify the problems experienced by students in Araling Panlipunan during the modular learning process. Problems encountered by students include a lack of connection between learning materials and students, a lack of internet access, less attention to the learning process, and a lack of concern for their achievement or performance. The school used various remote and hybrid learning techniques throughout the epidemic to ensure learning continuity, mitigate learning losses, and reduce disparities. This article provides an assessment of DepEd’s modular learning program. DepEd offers various approaches to organizing and implementing catch-up learning programs. Still, in this paper, the AP Camp Activity is suggested as remedial, focusing on students’ learning recovery and rekindling their motivation in school, which may lead to enhanced student engagement, achievement, and performance
Page(s): 803-807 Date of Publication: 23 January 2023
Download PDF
Water became a valuable commodity due to the lack of pure water in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The water crisis has been the focus of numerous commercial ventures. Among these businesses, social enterprises, sometimes referred to as social business enterprises, are dedicated to helping the underprivileged people and groups that aren’t covered by the present service coverage. The value proposition, value constellation, and positive profit equation are the three aspects that the social business model adds to further clarify its value-driven perspective. Although social business has gained popularity in developing nations over the past two decades, a little has been done to assess its commitment in the context of Bangladesh. In this regard, the study uses the interpretive method of qualitative research to examine the degree to which and the manner in which social business organizations are putting their commitment to practices. Primary data was collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews from the Union Parishad (hereinafter UP), the lowest tier of the local government in Bangladesh. The findings reveal three key issues. First, social norms and organizational policies have significantly contributed to the structural variables that have made the service delivery process less exclusive. Second, the lack of own capacity of poor people (financial and non-financial) has influenced the disadvantaged community outside of this service delivery. Third, power dynamics and social norms at the grass-root level are important factors to make the service delivery process poor-people friendly in the context of a hierarchical society in Bangladesh. The main contribution of this paper is that the value-driven position of the social business model remains rhetoric and that disadvantaged people are still denied access to safe water because of the lack of proper attention on the interplay among structural factors, power dynamics, and agency-related factors.
Page(s): 808-815 Date of Publication: 23 January 2023
Download PDF
TPACK is a dynamic and transactional relationship between content, pedagogy, and technology. It is vital for good teaching with technology to understand the mutual relationship between the three components taken together to create suitable, context-specific, strategies and representations. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the level of technology pedagogy and content knowledge of pre-service science teachers. The respondents were the 428 pre-service science teachers from the different higher education institutions in Caraga Region. Results showed that the overall mean score of the level of technology pedagogy and content knowledge (TPACK) of the pre-service science teachers was low (4.11). Moreover, technological knowledge (TK) obtained the highest mean score of 5.19 while technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) was the lowest (3.18). It implied that the pre-service science teachers have insufficient training and practice to include technology in their instructions. Further, there are two (2) models that predict the TPACK of the pre-service science teachers namely: (Model 1) TPACK = f(TK) and (Model 2) TPACK = f(TK + PCK). TK influenced the TPACK in model 1 while TK and PCK influenced the TPACK in model 2. TK and PCK showed a positive relationship to TPACK. Hence, to have an effective network between technology, pedagogy, and content in teacher education programs, it is hereby recommended the inclusion of professional development in the curriculum of the preservice teachers through the conduct of capability training and hands-on exposure to acquiring additional knowledge in integrating technology in the classroom instructions within their content areas.
Page(s): 816-820 Date of Publication:23 January 2023
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.61241Download PDF
From a different angle, this study draws the attention of African leaders to the lesson that must be learned from the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war as it relates to the exacerbating effects of food insecurity in Africa. It employs a qualitative approach with an emphasis on content analysis of relevant literature reviews from the Google Scholar Search Engine and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine. The paper makes the case for a paradigm shift in Africa’s strategies in use to address food insecurity. It argued that Africa needs to move away from dependency syndrome seen as part of its strategies to address food insecurity because of the implications for political instability. Considering its geographical advantage so enriched with natural resources, the paper doubts not the potential for Africa to shift the paradigm of addressing food insecurity. The paper concludes that in order to shift the paradigm, African leadership must demonstrate a high level of political commitment or political will. As a recommendation, making wise use of the geographical advantage will substantially reduce the too much dependency syndrome.
Page(s): 821-827 Date of Publication: 23 January 2023
Download PDF
I. INTRODUCTION The mass media as a consciousness industry satisfies diver’s needs to its heterogeneous and varied audiences. Each of the media (Television or Radio) is presumed to affect perceptions and behaviour in a distinctive way due to its reach, frequency and penetration. They can affect the society and society can also affect the media. Deriving from the foregoing, Ayedee & Manocha, (2020) argues “television is an electronic device that brings informational and entertainment programme: it grasps all the ages and almost all the interests of the living. Right from the international programmes, it carters for the needs of all viewers: hence, television holds the highest mode of entertainment and information. Obono & Madu (2018) agrees with this position saying: television is an important medium of communication in the 21st century. It is used for several reasons including information, education, entertainment and persuasion. Unlike other media structures, television has the advantage of utilizing vision for mass communication,( p.4) Lindholm (2019), adds, the relationship between sports and television has for the most part been mutually beneficial and has, for the most part, only grown deeper over time. Television, allows sports to reach audience that are too far away to attend sporting competitions live.
Page(s): 828-834 Date of Publication: 23 January 2023
Download PDF
This study seeks to understand the relationship between consumer buying behaviour and sustainable packaging among high income earning residents in Colombo areas in Sri Lanka. Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) market was chosen as the level of consumption as the frequency of purchasing them are very high. The two specific objectives were to identify the association of each dimension of sustainable packaging towards consumer buying behaviour and to identify the most significant dimension that affects the consumer buying behaviour. Consumer inspection on secondary packaging (Consumer Inspection), consumer awareness on sustainable packaging (Consumer Awareness) and willingness to pay for sustainable packaging (Consumer Willingness) were identified as the dimensions through previous studies. The sample complied of 200 respondents selected under the multi-stage cluster sampling method according to the income level and age between 18 to 60 years. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to achieve the first specific objective and a multiple regression was carried out to achieve the second specific objective. The researchers discovered a strong positive correlation in each dimension towards consumer buying behaviour. Among these, consumer willingness recorded the highest strong positive correlation, followed by consumer awareness and consumer inspection. Consumer awareness was recognized as the most significant dimension that affects the consumer buying behaviour. The implications of this study formed awareness into buying behaviour towards sustainable packaging which can be used by FMCG businesses in Sri Lanka when designing and marketing product packages.
Page(s): 835-840 Date of Publication: 23 January 2023
Download PDF