The Virtuous Cycle: Assessing the Interconnection between Women's Empowerment and Personal Hygiene Practices among Kudumbasree Members in Alappuzha District

This paper explores the critical and bidirectional interconnection between women's empowerment and personal hygiene, primarily focusing on the foundational role of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) access. Inadequate hygiene facilities, particularly during menstruation, result in significant barriers to female participation by impacting health, education, and economic well-being. Lack of access to private sanitation, clean water, and menstrual hygiene resources can lead to serious reproductive tract infections, lower self-esteem, increased school absenteeism for girls, and reduced economic productivity for women. Conversely, greater women's empowerment evidenced by increased decision-making power, financial autonomy, and access to education directly correlates with the adoption of hygienic practices. The study highlights that improving WASH infrastructure and promoting open dialogue around menstrual health are not merely public health issues but essential strategies for advancing gender equality and fulfilling women's full potential in public and private spheres. Therefore, sustainable development initiatives must integrate personal hygiene interventions as a core component of empowerment programs.

Women's Empowerment, Personal Hygiene, WASH, Gender Equality, Menstrual Health/Hygiene (MHH), Health Outcomes, Self-Esteem, Decision making

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