In Vitro Evaluation of the Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Combined Leaf Extracts of Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) and Sampa-Sampalukan (Phyllanthus niruri)

Urolithiasis, primarily caused by calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition within the renal system, shows a significant and growing public health concern in the Philippines. Although Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) and Sampa-sampalukan (Phyllanthus niruri) are widely known within the traditional ethnopharmacology for treating urinary tract disorders, their scientific validation in terms of their combined anti-urolithiatic efficacy remains unexplored. This study evaluated the in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity of ethanolic leaf extract combinations (B. balsamifera and P. niruri) across three formulation ratios (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) at a fixed working concentration of 400 µg/mL. The inhibitory ability against CaOx crystal growth was determined using a 10-minute static turbidimetric assay, measuring absorbance changes at 620 nm via UV-Vis spectrophotometry, with Potassium citrate as the positive control and distilled water as the baseline. In the Statistical analysis, using Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test showed that anti-urolithiatic activity was significantly proportion-dependent (p 0.05), indicating early, stable, and sustained inhibitory effects against crystal growth. These findings demonstrate that a higher proportion of P. niruri is essential to achieve synergistic crystal growth inhibition, likely due to its active site surface coating by its rich polyphenol, lignan, and ellagic acid content. Overall, this study provides experimental support for optimizing ratio-dependent, and standardized polyherbal formulations in the clinical management of urolithiasis.

Urolithiasis, Blumea balsamifera, Phyllanthus niruri, Calcium oxalate, Crystal growth

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