Developing Visual-Spatial Islamic Education Innovation for Muslim Children with Autism: A Preliminary Qualitative Study through Thematic Analysis

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In Malaysia, the prevalence of autism has increased significantly, with recent estimates suggesting 1 in 600 children are diagnosed with ASD, with higher rates projected to reach approximately 1.6% (Hassan, Wardi, Abdullah, & Isa, 2024). Among Muslim families, ensuring religious education for autistic children presents unique challenges, as traditional teaching methods often rely on abstract concepts and verbal instruction that may not align with the learning styles of neurodivergent individuals.

autism spectrum disorder, Islamic education, visual-spatial learning

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