International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) |Volume VIII, Issue II, February 2023|ISSN 2454-6194

Relationship of Self Efficacy with Foot Care Behavior in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Novia Rizana1*, Sri Andala1, Nanda Fitria1, Trisna Sari1, Deva Anggraina1
1STIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author
Received: 11 February 2023; Accepted: 27 February 2023; Published: 24 March 2023

Abstract – One of the main steps in saving the feet of diabetics is to take preventive measures in the form of foot care. Self-efficacy is one of the factors that can support the success of foot care in diabetics. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and foot care behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus. The research method is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling with a sample of 110 respondents. Data was collected using the Foot Care Confident Scale (FCCS) and Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF) questionnaires. Data analysis in this study using the chi-square test. The results showed that 67 respondents (60.9%) had high self-efficacy and 43 respondents (39.1%) had low self-efficacy, 59 respondents (53.6%) had good foot care behavior, and 51 respondents (46.4%) had poor foot care behavior. The results of the chi-square test obtained a P-value of 0.000 < α = 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between self-efficacy and foot care behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus. It can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between self-efficacy and foot care behavior in diabetes mellitus patients at the Gandapura Public Health Center, Bireuen Regency. It is recommended that health workers can provide health education about foot care regularly in order to increase self-efficacy in people with diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Self Efficacy, Foot Care Behavior, Diabetes Mellitus

I. Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with characteristics of hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (PERKENI, 2021). Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is not contagious, and this disease is also referred to as the “silent killer disease” because it is often not realized until complications occur (Sari et al., 2022).
Diabetes melitus, as a global disease, has been increasing in prevalence from year to year, both globally and in Indonesia (Nurdin, 2021). According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 537 million people aged 20 to 79 in the world will have diabetes by 2021, accounting for 10% of the global population at the time. Diabetes prevalence is expected to rise to 11.3%, or 643 million people, by 2030, and to 12.2%, or 783 million people, by 2045 (IDF, 2021).
Indonesia is in the 5th position among the top 5 countries with the highest diabetes cases in the world, which amounts to 19.5 million people and is predicted to be 28.6 million in 2045 (IDF, 2021). Riskesdas 2018 data shows that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia-based on doctors’ diagnoses at the age of 15 years is 2%; the prevalence shows an increase compared to 2013 of 1.5%. However, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus based on blood sugar examination increased from 6.9% in 2013 to 8.5% in 2018 (KEMENKES RI, 2020). In Aceh province, 121,160 people were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in 2020, with 75,518 (or 62% of those) receiving standard services.(Dinas Kesehatan Aceh, 2020). According to data from RISKESDAS, the prevalence of diabetes diagnosed by doctors in Bireuen Regency is 3,636 people, or 2.63%. While the number of people with diabetes mellitus in the Gandapura Health Center’s working area in Bireuen Regency from January to December 2021 was 161 people (RISKESDAS, 2018).
The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus will indirectly increase the complications caused by the disease and will be even higher if the individual does not try to take good care of themselves (Sasombo et al., 2021). Diabetic foot ulcers are a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. A diabetic foot ulcer is a chronic injury to the lower region of the ankle that increases morbidity and mortality and reduces the patient’s quality of life. (PERKENI, 2021). Complications of diabetic foot injuries cause 90% more lower limb amputations in diabetics (ADA, 2018 in Mambang Sari et al., 2021). The mortality rate due to leg amputation that occurs after a year is 11–41%, then death increases after 3 years after leg amputation to 20–50%, then increases to 39–80% deaths after 5 years post-amputation. This event is accompanied by other dangerous diseases. In Indonesia, approximately 13% of foot injuries are hospitalized, while 26% are

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