Security Sector Reform and Its Implications for Conflict Areas in Indonesia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) | Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2020 | ISSN 2454–6186

Security Sector Reform and Its Implications for Conflict Areas in Indonesia

Muhammad Ibnu Kamil, Dr. Anggi Aulina Harahap, Dipl. Soz, Dr. Benny Jozua Mamoto, SH, M.Si

Abstract: The shift in security operations from the military to the police indicates restrictions on the use of force by the military. Under the new Indonesian security law, the police are responsible for security while the military is responsible for defending the country. In this paper, further analysis will be carried out on the implications of this shift in responsibility for conflict areas in Indonesia. From the results of the study it was found that security sector reform in Indonesia provides a comprehensive framework for resolution of security issues, such as law enforcement, protection of civil rights with the need to carry out institutional and internal reforms within the TNI, the National Police, intelligence agencies, and civilian institutions that are responsible responsible for overseeing the security institutions. From these reforms in conflict areas it seems that many are still controlled by the TNI and there is a shift in the image between the Police and the TNI in the public eye.

Keywords: conflict areas, POLRI reform, security sector reform

I. INTRODUCTION

The fall of President Soeharto’s power in May 1998 brought a new democratic era in Indonesia. This era offers scope for public debate in reforming the military and police forces, or what is called security sector reform in other parts of the world. In general, globalization and democratization have had a serious impact on democratic civil-military relations. Old definitions and mechanisms on this issue can change work, functional relations between civilians and the military. Globalization in general has also broadened the scope of security issues, while bringing issues of human rights and clean governance into the security context. The survival of the state is no longer synonymous with the absence of physical and military threats. The economic crisis in the late 1990s and previous developments in both the Soviet Union and the Balkan Peninsula have proven that countries may collapse not because of external threats. The military throughout the world, including in advanced democracies such as the United States and several Western European countries, is defining their new role.
Regarding the impact of these reforms on conflict areas in Indonesia, before the military (especially ABRI) responded to conflict conditions and border areas by carrying out three military operations: Border Safeguard Operations, Safeguard Operations for Vulnerable Areas, and National Vital Object Safeguard Operations. The shift to the use of police force to carry out security operations generally intersects with

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