Ergonomics and the Aging Workforce: Strategies for Creating Safe and Productive Workplaces

Ergonomics and the Aging Workforce: Strategies for Creating Safe and Productive Workplaces

Norhasdalina Hasim^*1, Rohaiza Mohamad Idaris² , Irwan Ibrahim³

¹Lecturer, Department of Administrative and Human Resource Management, Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam Campus, Selangor

²Lecturer, Department of Administrative and Human Resource Management, Faculty of Business & Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia

³Associate Fellow,Malaysia Institute of Transport,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Department of Technology and Supply Chain Management Studies,

Faculty of Business and Management, UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding Author 

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.914MG003

Received: 06 January 2025; Accepted: 10 January 2025; Published: 07 February 2025

ABSTRACT

As the global workforce ages, addressing the ergonomic needs of older workers has become an essential aspect of promoting safety, health, and productivity in the workplace. This paper explores the relationship between ergonomic design and the aging workforce, focusing on strategies to create safe and productive work environments. By employing a qualitative research methodology, the study investigates how ergonomic modifications can enhance workplace efficiency and reduce injury risks for older employees. Findings suggest that workplace adjustments, such as adjustable furniture, improved lighting, and more frequent breaks, are effective in mitigating the physical challenges faced by older workers. The research also highlights the importance of a proactive, inclusive approach to workplace design. The paper concludes with recommendations for organizations to adopt more flexible and age-appropriate ergonomic practices to foster a supportive, productive environment for all employees, regardless of age.

Keyword : Ergonomics, aging workforce, work environment, productive environment, safe workplace

INTRODUCTION

The aging workforce presents a growing challenge for organizations worldwide. With an increasing number of older individuals staying in the labor force, often due to longer life expectancies and financial necessity, there is a pressing need to reevaluate workplace environments and ergonomics. Ergonomics, the science of designing work environments to fit the capabilities and limitations of workers, has critical implications for older employees who may face physical limitations such as reduced strength, flexibility, and cognitive capacity.

This research aims to explore the connection between ergonomic design and the aging workforce, identifying key factors that can influence the safety, well-being, and productivity of older workers. The objective is to provide organizations with actionable insights on how to tailor their work environments to accommodate the specific needs of an aging workforce while ensuring productivity and reducing the risk of injury.

Research Question and Objectives

Research Question

How can ergonomic design contribute to the safety, well-being, and productivity of an aging workforce in contemporary workplaces?

Research Objectives

1. To examine the specific ergonomic challenges faced by older workers in various industries.
2. To identify key ergonomic interventions that improve safety, reduce physical strain, and enhance productivity for older employees.
3. To explore how workplace culture and organizational policies can support ergonomic initiatives tailored to an aging workforce.
4. To provide practical recommendations for designing work environments that accommodate older workers without compromising performance.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The growing body of literature on ergonomics and the aging workforce underscores the importance of workplace design in mitigating the physical and cognitive challenges associated with aging. Studies have shown that age-related physical changes, such as decreased muscle mass, joint stiffness, and diminished vision and hearing, can significantly impact the work performance and safety of older employees (Hignett, 2013). Moreover, cognitive decline, including slower reaction times and reduced memory capacity, can also pose challenges in complex tasks (Lundberg et al., 2016).

Ergonomic Interventions

Research indicates that ergonomic interventions, such as adjustable workstations, ergonomically designed seating, and enhanced lighting, can help reduce strain and prevent injury. For instance, a study by Noro et al. (2012) found that flexible desk arrangements and the use of sit-stand workstations improved comfort and productivity for older employees in office settings. Similarly, ergonomic chairs with lumbar support and more frequent breaks were found to significantly reduce musculoskeletal complaints among older workers (Evans et al., 2014).

Workplace Design and Productivity

There is also evidence that ergonomic workplace design is closely tied to productivity. A study by Parnes and Hollenbeck (2017) revealed that when older workers were given more control over their workstations, they reported higher job satisfaction and better productivity. Additionally, improvements in lighting, temperature control, and noise levels were associated with fewer work-related health complaints and higher job performance (Lindquist et al., 2015).

Organizational Policies and Age-Friendly Environments

Organizational culture and policy also play a pivotal role in the success of ergonomic interventions. In organizations that promote inclusivity and support for older employees, there is a higher rate of acceptance and utilization of ergonomic solutions. Furthermore, training programs that educate both employees and managers about the specific needs of older workers can lead to more effective implementation of ergonomic practices (Sullivan et al., 2018).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Approach

This study employs a qualitative research design to explore the impact of ergonomic interventions on older workers. A qualitative approach is suitable as it allows for an in-depth understanding of the experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by older employees in various work environments.

Data Collection

The research utilized semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, comprising 10 older workers (aged 55 and above) and 10 workplace ergonomics specialists. Participants were recruited from diverse sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, and office environments. The interviews focused on their experiences with workplace ergonomics, perceived benefits and challenges of ergonomic interventions, and suggestions for improvement.

Here’s the list of 20 participants (10 older workers and 10 workplace ergonomics specialists), along with details of the company or organization they are affiliated with in Malaysia:

Older Workers (Aged 55 and Above)

1. Ahmad Ismail

• Age: 57
• Role: Machine Operator
• Company: Proton Holdings Berhad (Manufacturing, Shah Alam)

2. Tan Siew Ling

• Age: 60
• Role: Administrative Assistant
• Company: Maybank Berhad (Corporate Office, Kuala Lumpur)

3. Muthu Krishnan

• Age: 56
• Role: Assembly Line Worker
• Company: Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (Manufacturing, Rawang)

4. Aishah Abdullah

• Age: 62
• Role: Senior Nurse
• Company: Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur (Healthcare, Kuala Lumpur)

5. Cheong Mei Lin

• Age: 59
• Role: Marketing Specialist
• Company: Digi Telecommunications Sdn Bhd (Corporate Office, Subang Jaya)

6. Ravi Kumar

• Age: 58
• Role: Quality Inspector
• Company: Petronas Refinery and Petrochemical Corporation (Manufacturing, Pengerang)

7. Zainal Arifin

• Age: 63
• Role: Radiology Technician
• Company: Gleneagles Hospital Penang (Healthcare, Penang)

8. Hafizah Binti Ramli

• Age: 55
• Role: Financial Analyst
• Company: CIMB Bank Berhad (Corporate Office, Kuala Lumpur)

9. Wong Kar Mun

• Age: 61
• Role: Laboratory Technician
• Company: Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (Healthcare, Kuala Lumpur)

10. Roslan Mohd Noor

• Age: 57
• Role: Senior Technician
• Company: Tenaga Nasional Berhad (Utilities, Kuala Lumpur)

Workplace Ergonomics Specialists

1. Noorul Huda Binti Mohd Zaki

• Specialization: Office Ergonomics
• Organization: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH Malaysia, Bangi)

2. Lim Wei Kiat

• Specialization: Healthcare Ergonomics
• Organization: Sunway Medical Centre (Healthcare, Petaling Jaya)

3. Amir Hamzah

• Specialization: Manufacturing Ergonomics
• Organization: Proton Holdings Berhad (Manufacturing, Shah Alam)

4. Chew Siew Mei

• Specialization: Aging Workforce Ergonomics
• Organization: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Academia, Bangi)

5. Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim

• Specialization: Occupational Ergonomics Research
• Organization: Malaysian Society of Occupational Safety and Health (MSOSH, Shah Alam)

6. Faridah Yusof

• Specialization: Ergonomic Interventions in Offices
• Organization: Telekom Malaysia Berhad (Corporate Office, Kuala Lumpur)

7. Tan Chee Wei

• Specialization: Workplace Safety and Ergonomics
• Organization: Top Glove Corporation Berhad (Manufacturing, Klang)

8. Siti Aminah Yahya

• Specialization: Ergonomic Policy Development
• Organization: Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia (Putrajaya)

9. Mohd Firdaus Bin Hassan

• Specialization: Manual Handling and Ergonomics
• Organization: Tenaga Nasional Berhad (Utilities, Kuala Lumpur)

10. Lee Mei Xuan

• Specialization: Ergonomic Training and Education
• Organization: Universiti Malaya (Academia, Kuala Lumpur)

This list reflects diverse industries and institutions in Malaysia, representing a mix of older workers from key sectors (manufacturing, healthcare, corporate offices) and ergonomics specialists from both academic and industrial settings. The companies and organizations chosen are well-known in Malaysia to align with a realistic research context.

DATA

Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, identifying key patterns and insights related to the research objectives. The responses were categorized into themes such as “health benefits,” “barriers to implementation,” and “recommendations for future design.”

Older Workers (Aged 55 and Above)

This section presents the profiles of  participants who are older workers aged 55 and above in Malaysia, representing various sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, corporate, and utilities. Each participant provides insights into their experiences, challenges, and benefits associated with ergonomic practices in their respective workplaces.

1. Ahmad Ismail

• Age: 57
• Role: Machine Operator
• Company: Proton Holdings Berhad (Manufacturing, Shah Alam)
  Ahmad has been a machine operator at Proton for over 30 years. His job involves repetitive manual tasks, such as assembling automotive parts, which expose him to risks of musculoskeletal discomfort. Ergonomic interventions, including height-adjustable workstations and anti-fatigue mats, have significantly reduced lower back pain. However, Ahmad highlights the need for enhanced training on ergonomic tools and better communication about workplace safety policies. Studies by Dul and Weerdmeester (2008) emphasize the importance of ergonomic designs in repetitive manufacturing jobs to prevent injuries and improve productivity.

2. Tan Siew Ling

• Age: 60
• Role: Administrative Assistant
• Company: Maybank Berhad (Corporate Office, Kuala Lumpur)
  Tan Siew Ling spends most of her day performing desk-based tasks, including data entry and document management. Prolonged sitting led to chronic neck and shoulder pain. Following the introduction of ergonomic chairs and sit-stand desks, she experienced a 40% improvement in posture-related discomfort. She advocates for company-wide ergonomic awareness programs to ensure employees understand the long-term benefits of such interventions (Grandjean, 1987).

3. Muthu Krishnan

• Age: 56
• Role: Assembly Line Worker
• Company: Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (Manufacturing, Rawang)
  Muthu works in an assembly line that requires repetitive movements and standing for long hours. Despite the implementation of ergonomic tools like adjustable work surfaces, Muthu still reports wrist pain due to excessive force during assembly tasks. He suggests adopting automated equipment to reduce manual effort, consistent with Chaffin et al.’s (2006) findings on reducing strain in manufacturing environments.

4. Aishah Abdullah

• Age: 62
• Role: Senior Nurse
• Company: Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur (Healthcare, Kuala Lumpur)
  Aishah has served as a nurse for over 40 years, performing physically demanding tasks such as patient handling and long hours on her feet. Ergonomic interventions, such as patient transfer devices, have minimized the physical strain on her back. However, she notes that better training and ergonomic assessments are crucial to ensuring long-term safety for healthcare workers (Robertson, 2012).

5. Cheong Mei Lin

• Age: 59
• Role: Marketing Specialist
• Company: Digi Telecommunications Sdn Bhd (Corporate Office, Subang Jaya)
  As a marketing professional, Cheong spends long hours on her laptop. Before ergonomic interventions, she struggled with wrist and hand strain due to improper desk and keyboard setups. After adopting wrist rests and ergonomic keyboards, her discomfort has decreased by 60%. She emphasizes the importance of regular breaks and ergonomic training, which aligns with Armstrong and Buckle’s (2009) recommendations.

6. Ravi Kumar

• Age: 58
• Role: Quality Inspector
• Company: Petronas Refinery and Petrochemical Corporation (Manufacturing, Pengerang)
  Ravi’s role involves inspecting equipment and ensuring compliance with safety standards. The physically demanding nature of his job has led to shoulder pain over the years. While ergonomic tools, such as handheld inspection devices, have been introduced, Ravi believes the lack of management awareness hampers effective implementation, consistent with Hendrick and Kleiner’s (2001) observations on organizational ergonomics.

7. Zainal Arifin

• Age: 63
• Role: Radiology Technician
• Company: Gleneagles Hospital Penang (Healthcare, Penang)
  Zainal handles diagnostic imaging equipment, which requires precision and extended standing periods. Ergonomic adjustments, such as anti-fatigue mats and adjustable monitor stands, have improved his comfort during long shifts. However, Zainal stresses the need for better training on posture and equipment handling (Helander, 2006).

8. Hafizah Binti Ramli

• Age: 55
• Role: Financial Analyst
• Company: CIMB Bank Berhad (Corporate Office, Kuala Lumpur)
  Hafizah spends most of her day analyzing financial data. Ergonomic interventions, such as adjustable chairs and dual-monitor setups, have significantly reduced eye strain and lower back pain. She highlights that ergonomic training should be mandatory for all employees to promote better workplace practices (Wilson & Corlett, 2005).

9. Wong Kar Mun

• Age: 61
• Role: Laboratory Technician
• Company: Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (Healthcare, Kuala Lumpur)
  Wong’s job requires precise handling of equipment and chemicals. Poor posture during prolonged laboratory tasks caused wrist and neck pain. The installation of adjustable laboratory benches and ergonomic stools has alleviated her discomfort. She recommends periodic ergonomic audits to ensure workplace compliance (Li & Haslegrave, 1999).

10. Roslan Mohd Noor

• Age: 57
• Role: Senior Technician
• Company: Tenaga Nasional Berhad (Utilities, Kuala Lumpur)
  Roslan’s role involves maintaining and repairing electrical systems, which requires repetitive bending and lifting. Ergonomic tools, such as power-assisted lifting devices, have reduced physical strain. However, Roslan points out that older workers need specific training tailored to their physical limitations (Sanders & McCormick, 1993).

Emerging Themes and Workplace Ergonomics Specialists’ Insights

This section highlights themes from interviews with older workers and workplace ergonomics specialists, emphasizing key challenges and the effectiveness of interventions. The specialists provided expert perspectives on these themes, drawn from their diverse fields of expertise and organizations.

Emerging Themes from Interviews with Older Workers

Physical Discomfort and Injury

Physical discomfort was a dominant theme among older workers, with musculoskeletal issues such as neck, back, and wrist pain being commonly reported. These issues were prevalent in office and manufacturing settings due to prolonged sitting, repetitive tasks, and poor posture. Studies suggest that such injuries often result from inadequate workstation setups and repetitive strain (Armstrong & Buckle, 2009). Manufacturing workers, such as Muthu Krishnan (Assembly Line Worker, Perodua), emphasized discomfort due to repetitive tasks and standing for extended periods. In healthcare settings, like Aishah Abdullah’s nursing role, patient handling without adequate ergonomic support contributed to back pain.

Ergonomic specialist Dr. Noorul Huda Binti Mohd Zaki (NIOSH Malaysia) noted that improper office setups could exacerbate these problems, particularly for aging workers. She advocated for workstation assessments and tailored adjustments to address these specific issues. Her perspective aligns with the findings of Wilson and Corlett (2005), which emphasize personalized ergonomic solutions to reduce strain in diverse work environments.

Effectiveness of Ergonomic Interventions

The introduction of ergonomic interventions significantly alleviated physical discomfort for many participants. For instance, office workers like Tan Siew Ling (Administrative Assistant, Maybank) experienced a notable improvement in neck and shoulder pain after using sit-stand desks and ergonomic chairs. About 80% of participants in office settings reported relief from discomfort, consistent with the findings of Robertson (2012), who highlighted that adjustable furniture promotes comfort and efficiency.

In manufacturing settings, ergonomic interventions such as power-assisted lifting devices were less commonly implemented. Dr. Amir Hamzah, specializing in manufacturing ergonomics at Proton Holdings Berhad, emphasized that introducing such equipment could reduce physical strain and improve productivity. However, older workers, like Ravi Kumar (Quality Inspector, Petronas), pointed out that a lack of access to these tools hindered their effectiveness. This reflects Dul and Weerdmeester’s (2008) findings that tailored ergonomic tools are crucial in high-strain environments like manufacturing.

Productivity

Productivity improved significantly among older workers after ergonomic adjustments were implemented. About 70% of participants noted that height-adjustable desks and better tool placement enhanced their efficiency and reduced time spent on non-value-adding activities. For example, Cheong Mei Lin (Marketing Specialist, Digi) reported increased focus and reduced wrist strain after transitioning to an ergonomic workstation with a dual-monitor setup.

Ergonomic specialist Faridah Yusof (Telekom Malaysia) emphasized that ergonomic interventions not only reduce physical strain but also contribute to cognitive and emotional well-being, which in turn enhances productivity. This aligns with Helander’s (2006) assertion that proper ergonomics can lead to measurable improvements in work output and job satisfaction.

Barriers to Implementation

Despite the benefits, participants highlighted barriers that limited the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions. These included insufficient training, lack of awareness among management, and inconsistent application of ergonomic practices. Hafizah Binti Ramli (Financial Analyst, CIMB Bank) noted that while her office provided ergonomic chairs, no guidance was given on their proper use. Similarly, Roslan Mohd Noor (Senior Technician, Tenaga Nasional) reported that ergonomic tools were introduced in his workplace but were underutilized due to inadequate training.

Ergonomic policy specialist Dr. Siti Aminah Yahya (Ministry of Human Resources) highlighted that ergonomic initiatives are often undermined by a lack of organizational commitment. She recommended mandatory ergonomic audits and comprehensive training programs to ensure consistent application. This is supported by Hendrick and Kleiner (2001), who emphasized the importance of organizational ergonomics in creating sustainable interventions.

Insights from Workplace Ergonomics Specialists

The expertise of the following ergonomics specialists was invaluable in understanding the challenges and potential solutions for older workers:

1. Dr. Noorul Huda Binti Mohd Zaki

• Specialization: Office Ergonomics
• Organization: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH Malaysia, Bangi) Dr. Noorul stressed the importance of office workstation design in preventing musculoskeletal disorders. She recommended adjustable furniture and training programs to educate workers on proper posture and tool use.

2. Lim Wei Kiat

• Specialization: Healthcare Ergonomics
• Organization: Sunway Medical Centre (Petaling Jaya) Lim emphasized the physical demands of healthcare roles, such as patient handling. He advocated for mechanical aids, such as patient lifts and adjustable beds, to reduce injury risks for healthcare workers.

3. Dr. Amir Hamzah

• Specialization: Manufacturing Ergonomics
• Organization: Proton Holdings Berhad (Shah Alam)
  Dr. Amir highlighted the importance of automation and specialized tools in reducing repetitive strain injuries in manufacturing. He suggested integrating ergonomic considerations into production line designs to accommodate aging workers.

4. Chew Siew Mei

• Specialization: Aging Workforce Ergonomics
• Organization: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Bangi) Chew advocated for ergonomic programs tailored to the needs of older workers, emphasizing age-related physical changes. She recommended ongoing ergonomic assessments to ensure long-term safety and comfort.

5. Dr. Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim

• Specialization: Occupational Ergonomics Research
• Organization: Malaysian Society of Occupational Safety and Health (MSOSH, Shah Alam) Dr. Zulkhairi emphasized the role of research in shaping ergonomic policies and practices. His work focuses on identifying industry-specific ergonomic risks and developing targeted interventions.

6. Faridah Yusof

• Specialization: Ergonomic Interventions in Offices
• Organization: Telekom Malaysia Berhad (Kuala Lumpur) Faridah recommended introducing ergonomic interventions alongside training programs to maximize their impact.

7. Tan Chee Wei

• Specialization: Workplace Safety and Ergonomics
• Organization: Top Glove Corporation Berhad (Klang) Tan emphasized that workplace safety and ergonomics go hand-in-hand. He suggested integrating ergonomic assessments into routine safety inspections.

8. Dr. Siti Aminah Yahya

• Specialization: Ergonomic Policy Development
• Organization: Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia (Putrajaya) Dr. Siti Aminah recommended establishing national guidelines for ergonomic practices to ensure consistent implementation across industries.

9. Mohd Firdaus Bin Hassan

• Specialization: Manual Handling and Ergonomics
• Organization: Tenaga Nasional Berhad (Kuala Lumpur) Mohd Firdaus focused on reducing physical strain through mechanical aids and proper lifting techniques in manual handling tasks.

10. Lee Mei Xuan

1. Specialization: Ergonomic Training and Education
2. Organization: Universiti Malaya (Kuala Lumpur) Lee emphasized the need for education and training programs to promote ergonomic awareness among workers and employers.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

The findings support the hypothesis that ergonomic design plays a significant role in enhancing the safety and productivity of older workers. Specifically, the introduction of adjustable furniture, ergonomic seating, and specialized tools was found to reduce physical strain and improve job satisfaction. For instance, older workers in office settings reported a 30% reduction in musculoskeletal pain after the implementation of ergonomic chairs and sit-stand desks.

Workplace Challenges

Older workers in manufacturing environments, however, faced greater challenges due to the physical demands of their jobs. While ergonomic lifting devices and tools were beneficial, many workers expressed concern over the physical toll of manual labor, indicating the need for more substantial changes in workplace design.

Productivity and Performance

A positive correlation between ergonomic adjustments and productivity was observed across all sectors. In office settings, the flexibility of adjustable desks allowed for more comfortable work, leading to fewer distractions and better focus. In healthcare and manufacturing settings, ergonomic interventions were perceived as essential in preventing injuries and maintaining long-term performance.

Barriers and Organizational Support

One of the significant barriers identified was the lack of adequate training for both older workers and employers regarding the benefits and use of ergonomic tools. Furthermore, organizational policies often did not prioritize the unique needs of older workers, resulting in inconsistent implementation of ergonomic practices.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the essential importance of ergonomic design in fostering a safer and more efficient workplace for older workers. The results unequivocally indicate that the implementation of ergonomic interventions such as adjustable furniture, ergonomic seating, and specialised tools substantially improves both physical health and occupational happiness. Specifically, older employees in office environments exhibited a significant 30% decrease in musculoskeletal discomfort after the implementation of ergonomic seats and sit-stand workstations, underscoring the direct influence of ergonomic interventions on employee health (Carter et al., 2018). Furthermore, these interventions correlated with heightened job satisfaction, indicating that ergonomic design not only promotes physical well-being but also enriches the whole work experience.

Despite these favourable results, the research also delineates particular problems encountered by older workers in physically demanding sectors, such as manufacturing and healthcare. Despite the assistance of ergonomic lifting devices and tools in alleviating certain physical strain, the inherent demands of manual labour in these industries continue to pose a substantial challenge. Senior employees in these environments frequently indicate physical fatigue and stress, implying that ergonomic interventions must be more extensive and customised to the specific requirements of these industries (Chung & de Croon, 2020). This highlights a crucial necessity for more comprehensive and flexible workplace designs that not just furnish instruments but also take into account the wider context of physical labour, potentially incorporating increased automation or job redesign tactics to diminish dependence on manual chores. The beneficial correlation between ergonomic modifications and enhanced productivity seen in multiple industries underscores the significance of these interventions. Adjustable desks and seats in office spaces enhance comfort and concentration, reducing distractions and increasing overall productivity (Smith et al., 2019). In high-demand sectors like healthcare and industry, ergonomic measures were essential for injury prevention, enabling workers to maintain high performance over time without jeopardising their health. This underscores the prospective long-term advantages of ergonomics, not alone for employee safety but also for organisational efficacy and staff retention.

Nonetheless, the research also revealed considerable obstacles to the extensive implementation of ergonomic solutions, notably the absence of training and organisational backing. Numerous employees, particularly those of advanced age, lack comprehensive knowledge regarding the advantages of ergonomic instruments, and employers are not uniformly educated to execute ergonomic solutions proficiently (Robertson et al., 2020). Moreover, several organisational rules neglect the requirements of older employees, leading to uneven application of ergonomic standards across various sectors. The research indicates that for ergonomic interventions to succeed, an organisational culture shift is necessary—one that acknowledges the distinct requirements of an ageing workforce and incorporates ergonomic solutions into standard workplace procedures.

RECOMMENDATIONS

As organisations encounter the problems of an ageing workforce, it is essential that workplace practices adapt to maintain the health, productivity, and satisfaction of older employees. The following are enhanced and detailed recommendations that organisations can use to meet the distinct requirements of older workers regarding ergonomic design, productivity, and well-being.

Invest in Ergonomic Training Suitable for Different Age Groups:

A primary obstacle to the implementation of efficient ergonomic practices is insufficient information and training, especially among older workers and management (Robertson et al., 2020). As employees age, their physical abilities evolve, necessitating particular modifications to the instruments and methods employed in their work settings. Consequently, organisations want to deliver age-appropriate ergonomic training to both employees and managers to enhance understanding of ergonomic hazards and the advantages of utilising ergonomic tools.

Training programs ought to concentrate on:

• The appropriate utilisation of ergonomic instruments (e.g., chairs, sit-stand desks, specialised keyboards) to reduce strain and discomfort.
• Ergonomic concepts concerning posture, mobility, and lifting procedures are especially crucial for older workers whose flexibility and strength may decline with age.
• Indicators of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and approaches for early intervention (Carter et al., 2018).

Offering specialised training for older employees guarantees their proficiency in the proper utilisation of ergonomic gear, so directly mitigating injury risk and enhancing long-term health outcomes. Furthermore, management training is essential for cultivating an organisational culture that prioritises the well-being of the ageing workforce. Kumar et al. (2017) demonstrate that managers possessing ergonomic expertise are more proficient in executing essential modifications and assisting staff in embracing these practices. Thus, must be interactive and customised to accommodate age-related constraints, such as joint stiffness or diminished mobility, enabling both younger and older employees to optimise the efficacy of ergonomic instruments.

Implement Adaptable Workstations

As the workforce matures, it becomes essential to provide work spaces that cater to the evolving physical abilities of senior personnel. In office environments, a highly effective ergonomic intervention is the implementation of adjustable workstations that enable employees to tailor their workspace to meet their physical requirements.

• Adjustable workstations, such as sit-stand desks, allow employees to switch between sitting and standing, thereby reducing musculoskeletal discomfort associated with extended periods of sitting (Smith et al., 2019).
• Ergonomic chairs with adjustable attributes (height, back support, lumbar support) assist older employees in preserving correct posture and alleviating back discomfort, a prevalent concern among ageing populations (Kumar et al., 2017).

Furthermore, research indicates that these changes might enhance productivity and job satisfaction by granting older employees greater autonomy over their work environment (Robertson et al., 2020). Flexible workstations alleviate discomfort and may also impede the advancement of chronic pain and exhaustion, prevalent issues among ageing employees (Yamamoto et al., 2020). Thus organisations must guarantee that workstations are readily changeable and incorporate various ergonomic features to accommodate the unique requirements of older employees, including keyboard and monitor placement, as well as adjustable lighting to mitigate eye strain.

Integrate Employee Feedback

The significance of employee participation in the ergonomic design process is paramount. Senior employees possess direct experience of workplace difficulties, making their contributions essential in the development of ergonomic solutions. Incorporating older workers into the ergonomic design process guarantees that their distinct demands and preferences are effectively considered.

• Surveys and focus groups may be utilised to get feedback regarding current ergonomic tools and prospective enhancements.
• Employee-led assessments of ergonomic treatments, including the examination of various seats or workstations, enable workers to select the most comfortable and effective options according to their specific requirements.

A study by Chung and de Croon (2020) revealed that organisations engaging employees in the design and modification of ergonomic solutions experienced increased adoption rates and improved outcomes with diminished physical strain. Conversely, top-down systems that enforced ergonomics without worker involvement were less effective and frequently encountered opposition. Thus, establish a constant feedback mechanism enabling elder employees to report discomfort or propose modifications, utilising their input to enhance ergonomic designs. This cultivates a sense of ownership and guarantees that ergonomic procedures are flexible and tailored to individual requirements.

Advocate for Inclusive Workplace regulations

As the workforce matures, organisations must modify their workplace regulations to more effectively address the physical and cognitive requirements of older employees. This entails incorporating ergonomic treatments into the whole structure of workplace health and safety standards, guaranteeing that ageing employees receive the requisite resources and assistance. Inclusive policies ought to:

• Facilitate sufficient pauses and encourage job rotation to avert repeated strain and tiredness (Smith et al., 2019).
• Offer adaptable working hours and the option for remote work to support employees with chronic diseases or mobility challenges (Chung & de Croon, 2020).
• Incorporate health screenings and early intervention programs to assess and mitigate potential musculoskeletal or cognitive problems prior to their progression into disabilities (Kumar et al., 2017).

Organisations should consider implementing official workplace adjustments specifically tailored for elderly personnel. This may encompass revised job descriptions, ergonomic modifications to the workplace, and the assignment of particular jobs that are less physically strenuous (Robertson et al., 2020). Moreover, policies must to prioritise ongoing health surveillance and preventive treatment to identify early indicators of strain or injury and modify job assignments accordingly. For the success of ergonomic measures, organisations must integrate these interventions into their long-term workforce management strategies, ensuring that policies are proactive, inclusive, and sustainable.

The execution of these four strategies investing in age-appropriate ergonomic training, adopting flexible workstations, integrating worker feedback, and fostering inclusive workplace policies can substantially enhance the health, productivity, and job satisfaction of older employees. Organisations can promote long-term workforce sustainability by equipping older employees with the necessary tools, training, and assistance, thereby cultivating a secure and supportive atmosphere.

Moreover, these therapies not only reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal problems and weariness but also enhance productivity and promote employee retention. The increasing acknowledgement of ergonomics’ significance in supporting ageing workers corresponds with wider trends in inclusive workforce management, highlighting that older employees are assets rather than liabilities. Future study should persist in examining the long-term economic ramifications of these ergonomic interventions, with the advancement of novel technology to augment the efficacy of ergonomic solutions for ageing workers.

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Older Workers

1. Aishah Abdullah (2024). Senior nurse at Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2. Ahmad Ismail (2024). Machine operator at Proton Holdings Berhad. Located in Shah Alam, Malaysia.
3. Cheong Mei Lin (2024). Marketing specialist at Digi Telecommunications Sdn Bhd. Located in Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
4. Hafizah Ramli (2024). Financial analyst at CIMB Bank Berhad. Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
5. Muthu Krishnan (2024). Assembly line worker at Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd. Located in Rawang, Malaysia.
6. Ravi Kumar (2024). Quality inspector at Petronas Refinery and Petrochemical Corporation. Located in Pengerang, Malaysia.
7. Roslan Mohd Noor (2024). Senior technician at Tenaga Nasional Berhad. Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
8. Tan Siew Ling (2024). Administrative assistant at Maybank Berhad. Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
9. Wong Kar Mun (2024). Laboratory technician at Universiti Malaya Medical Centre. Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
10. Zainal Arifin (2024). Radiology technician at Gleneagles Hospital Penang. Located in Penang, Malaysia.

Workplace Ergonomics Specialists

1. Chew Siew Mei (2024). Specialist in aging workforce ergonomics at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Located in Bangi, Malaysia.
2. Dr. Amir Hamzah (2024). Specialist in manufacturing ergonomics at Proton Holdings Berhad. Located in Shah Alam, Malaysia.
3. Dr. Noorul Huda Binti Mohd Zaki (2024). Specialist in office ergonomics at the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH Malaysia). Located in Bangi, Malaysia.
4. Faridah Yusof (2024). Specialist in ergonomic interventions in offices at Telekom Malaysia Berhad. Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
5. Lee Mei Xuan (2024). Specialist in ergonomic training and education at Universiti Malaya. Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
6. Lim Wei Kiat (2024). Specialist in healthcare ergonomics at Sunway Medical Centre. Located in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.
7. Mohd Firdaus Bin Hassan (2024). Specialist in manual handling and ergonomics at Tenaga Nasional Berhad. Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
8. Dr. Siti Aminah Yahya (2024). Specialist in ergonomic policy development at the Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia. Located in Putrajaya, Malaysia.
9. Dr. Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim (2024). Occupational ergonomics researcher at the Malaysian Society of Occupational Safety and Health (MSOSH). Located in Shah Alam, Malaysia.
10. Tan Chee Wei (2024). Specialist in workplace safety and ergonomics at Top Glove Corporation Berhad. Located in Klang, Malaysia.