Effectiveness of Performance Contract Monitoring and Reporting in Enhancing Development of Physical Infrastructure in Public Technical Training Institutes in Kenya: A Case Study of Technical Training Institutes in Kakamega County

Authors

Kennedy Machacha Wichenje

Faculty of Education, Tom Mboya University, Kenya (Kenya)

Solomon Esokomi Nuni.

Faculty of Education, Tom Mboya University, Kenya (Kenya)

Enose M.W. Simatwa

Faculty of Education, Tom Mboya University, Kenya (Kenya)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100500620

Subject Category: Education

Volume/Issue: 10/5 | Page No: 9207-9232

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-05-11

Accepted: 2026-05-16

Published: 2026-06-09

Abstract

Performance Contracts of Technical Training Institutes (TTIs) in Kenya are annual, negotiated agreements between the institutions’ Boards of Governors and the Ministry of Education for the periods July 1st to June 30th based on cycles for respective Financial Years. These contracts are designed to improve service delivery, physical facilities, infrastructure, ensure accountability and align with Competency Based Education and National Goals such as Vision 2030. Once performance contracts are signed, performance is monitored and reported quarterly with financial evaluations conducted by the Public Service Performance Management Unit (PSPMU). Reports are submitted online to the Ministry of Education and related agencies. The objective of the study was therefore to establish the effectiveness of Performance Contract (PC) monitoring and reporting in enhancing development of physical infrastructure in public Technical Training Institutes in Kakamega County. The Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) evaluation model by Daniel L. Stufflebeam (1966) was used to examine the effectiveness of performance contract monitoring and reporting in enhancing the development of physical infrastructure in public TTIs in Kenya. Interview schedules, document analysis guides, Observation schedules and Focus Group Discussions were used for data collection. The study established that PC Monitoring and reporting were effective as more than 80% of the infrastructure development targets were achieved. The study recommended that Ministry of Education should institutionalize participatory performance contract Monitoring and Reporting that mandate structured consultation with principals, Heads of Department and technical staff. The Ministry of Education should make it a requirement that all monitoring and reporting planning processes incorporate feasibility studies and audits of available financial, technical, and human resources, thereby reducing the likelihood of stalled or partially completed projects thereby reducing the likelihood of the effectiveness in enhancing the provision of physical infrastructure. The findings of this study are significant to the Government of Kenya as they inform Policy Formulation processes and review in Performance Contracting. It also forms a baseline information for Principals of public TTIs in making proposals for related performance contracting aspects.

Keywords

Effectiveness, Performance Contract Monitoring, Reporting, enhancing Development, Physical Infrastructure, Public Technical Training Institutes, Kenya: case, study Technical Training Institutes

Downloads

References

1. Agyemang, F. G. (2018). Challenges of performance contracting in public institutions in Ghana. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(12), 989–998. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1373490 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Aguinis, H. (2019b). Performance Management for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Performance+Management+For+Dummies-p-9781119694528 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Court, C. (2010). Performance contracting in Kenya: History, development and lessons. Nairobi: African Centre for Economic Growth. https://www.undp.org/kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Creswell, J.W., & Poth, C.N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing among Five Approaches. 4th Edition, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Daristu, E. (2022). Performance Contracting and Service Delivery in County Governments in Kenya: A Case study of Kakamega County (Doctoral dissertation, https://repo.pacuniversity.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3651.3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Kageha, A.Z., & Simatwa E.M.W. (2018). Influence of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems on Academic Staff’s Service Delivery in Teaching in Public Universities: An Analytical Study. International Journal of Current Research. (ISSN: 0975-833X) Vol. 10 (05):69654-69665. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Kageha, A.Z., & Simatwa E.M.W. (2020). Influence of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems on Academic Staff’s Service Delivery in Provision of Quality Teaching /Learning Facilities in Public Universities in Kenya. International Journal of Current Research. (ISSN: 0975-833X) Vol. 12 (01): 9476-9491. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Kageha, A.Z., & Simatwa, E.M.W. (2020). Influence of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems on Academic Staff’s Service Delivery in Curriculum Review in Kenya: A Case Study of Public Universities. International Journal of Current Research. (ISSN: 0975-833X) Vol. 12 (01):9196-9201. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Kageha, A.Z., Simatwa E.M.W., & Okwach, T.O. (2018). Influence of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems on Academic Staff’s Service Delivery in Management of Examinations in Kenya: A Case Study of Public Universities. International Journal of Current Research. (ISSN: 0975-833X) Vol. 10 (05):69631-69644 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Khatete, I. (2020). Monitoring and evaluation of teacher effectiveness, a case of teacher performance appraisal and development tool in public secondary schools in Nyandarua South Sub-County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Kinyanjui, H. W., & Wambua, P. P. 2020. Performance management practices, organization structure and service delivery. Journal of Human Resource and Leadership, 51, 1-14 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Kusek, J. Z., & Rist, R. C. (2004). Ten steps to a results-based monitoring and evaluation system. Washington, DC: World Bank.https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/14926 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Kusek, J. Z., & Rist, R. C. (2019). Ten steps to a results-based monitoring and evaluation system. World Bank Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2019). The development of goal Setting Theory: A half-century retrospective. Motivation Science, 5(2), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000127\ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Morse, J.M. (1994). Designing Funded Qualitative Research. Sage Publications, Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-98625-012 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Mugisha, F., & Basheka, B. C. (2020). Performance contracting in Public Universities in Uganda: Achievements and Challenges. African Journal of Public Administration, 9(2), 45–60. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Muriithi, P., & Wanjiku, R. (2020). Performance Contracting and Infrastructure Development in Kenyan TVET institutions. Kenya Journal of Technical Education, 5(1), 15–32. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Mutua, J., & Muema, E. (2019). Challenges in implementing performance contracts in Kenyan TVET institutions. Journal of Education and Practice, 10(14), 56–64. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/47747 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. OECD. (2020). Public Sector Performance: A global perspective. Paris: OECD Publishing. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. https://www.oecd.org/gov/performance-management-and-governance/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Osei-Tutu, E., & Asare, R. (2021). Stakeholder participation and Performance Contract Outcomes in Ghanaian public institutions. Public Management Review, 23(9), 1358–1377. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2020.1848265 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Otieno, P., & Wambua, P. (2021a). Assessing the effectiveness of performance contracts in Kenyan Technical Training Institutions. East African Journal of Education, 18(1), 102–120. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Otieno, R., & Wambua, P. (2021b). Effectiveness of performance contracts in enhancing service delivery in Kenyan public institutions. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 13(2), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAPR2021.0498 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Republic of Kenya (2024). Performance Contracting Guidelines for the FY 2024/2025 (21st cycle). Government printer. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. UNESCO (2022). Global Education Monitoring Report 2022: Gender report, deepening the debate on those still left behind. Global Education Monitoring Report Team [1382]. https://doi.org/10.54676/GXQM9685 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. UNESCO-UNEVOC. (2021). Technical and vocational education and training governance and institutional performance. Bonn: UNESCO. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Yitzhaky, L., & Bahli, B. (2021). Target setting and firm performance: A review. Journal of Applied Business Research, 37(3), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v37i3.10375 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. World Bank. (2021). Infrastructure for education: Guidelines for public sector investment projects. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. World Bank. (2018). World development report 2018: Learning to realize education’s promise. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2018. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles