Examining Tourist Perceptions towards Historical Heritage Destination: A Case of Bukit Melawati, Selangor

Authors

Noraihan Mohamad

Department of Hospitality, School of Hospitality and Creative Arts, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor (Malaysia)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.101800010

Subject Category: Tourism & Hospitality

Volume/Issue: 10/18 | Page No: 109-119

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-03-06

Accepted: 2026-03-16

Published: 2026-04-20

Abstract

Despite its role as one of the popular cultural and natural heritage destinations, Bukit Melawati is also known as a historical landmark in Selangor that plays an important role in the development of the local tourism industry. Nevertheless, due to the commercialized attractions highlighted by the marketers, its historical and heritage value are relatively neglected. This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence tourist revisit intention to Bukit Melawati as a historical heritage destination in Selangor. Several factors that consist of destination authenticity, destination awareness, and destination image were highlighted as important predictors of tourists’ revisit behaviour. This study was conducted based on a cross-sectional research design, where the self-administered questionnaires were distributed among multiple tourists visiting Bukit Melawati. Based on the convenience sampling technique, a total of 290 responses were collected from the target sample. The technique analysis of multiple linear regression was employed for data analysis. The research findings discovered that destination authenticity and destination image significantly influence tourist revisit intention. While destination awareness showed no significant influence. In addition, the analysis also indicates that a total of 49.6% of the variance in tourist revisit intention to Bukit Melawati can be explained by these three predictors. This study provides valuable information to the authorities and the marketers about the importance of maintaining the element of authenticity and image of a historical heritage destination. Regardless of creating awareness of the existence of the destination, publicity should address the uniqueness of the history. In conclusion, all parties, including the authority, industry players, and the local community, play a vital role not only to encourage tourists’ interest but to ensure sustainability practices as well.

Keywords

Historical destination, Heritage tourism, Revisit Intention

Downloads

References

1. Afshardoost, M., & Eshaghi, M. S. (2020). Destination image and tourist behavioural intentions: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 81, 104154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104154 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Almodawer, Y., Alam, S. S., Sinniah, S., & Ali, M. H. (2025). Health tourism in Malaysia: understanding the drivers of satisfaction and revisit intention. Tourism Recreation Research, 50(5), 1088–1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2024.2379686 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Asplet, M., & Cooper, M. (2000). Cultural designs in New Zealand souvenir clothing: the question of authenticity. Tourism Management, 21(3), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00061-8 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Bassiony, G. M., & Chahine, P. N. (2024). The Effect of Authenticity towards Cultural Heritage Tourists’ Behavioral Intention: Case Study of the Graeco-Roman Museum. Pharos International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 3(2), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.21608/pijth.2024.322006.1017 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Battour, M., Salaheldeen, M., Anwar, I., Ratnasari, R. T., A. Hamid, A., & Mady, K. (2025). Integrating ChatGPT in halal tourism: impact on tourist satisfaction, e-WoM and revisit intention. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2024-0470 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Begum, N., Nishat Faisal, Mohd., Sobh, R., Nunkoo, R., & Rana, N. P. (2025). Consumers acceptance of service robots in hotels: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 126, 104052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.104052 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Chen, K.-H., Ye, Y., & Yu, C.-H. (2024). Military tourism cultural heritage site experiencescape effects on authenticity, memorability, and revisit intention: learning from Taiwanese military dependents’ villages. Tourism Review, 79(3), 739–756. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-12-2022-0642 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Chhabra, D. (2021). Resilience, Authenticity, and Digital Heritage Tourism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003098836 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Chi, H.-K., & Phan, H.-T. (2025). Revealing the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility, Service Quality, and Perceived Value in Determining Customer Loyalty: A Meta-Analysis Study. Sustainability, 17(10), 4304. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104304 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Crompton, J. L. (1979). An Assessment of the Image of Mexico as a Vacation Destination and the Influence of Geographical Location Upon That Image. Journal of Travel Research, 17(4), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728757901700404 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Damayati, T. A., & Indrawati. (2023). The Effect Of Social Media Quality, Social Media Quantity, Social Media Credibility And E-Wom On Revisit Intention: Destination Brand Awareness And Destination Satisfaction As Intervening Variables. Quality-Access to Success, 24(196). https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.196.12 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Di Domenico, M., & Miller, G. (2012). Farming and tourism enterprise: Experiential authenticity in the diversification of independent small-scale family farming. Tourism Management, 33(2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.03.007 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Ervina, E., & Octaviany, V. (2022). The Role of Tourist Attitude Toward Destination Awareness, Destination Personality And Future Visit İntention. Asia Pacific Management and Business Application, 011(01), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2022.011.01.1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Fu, X. (2019). Existential authenticity and destination loyalty: Evidence from heritage tourists. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.03.008 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Gartner, W. C., & Ruzzier, M. K. (2011). Tourism Destination Brand Equity Dimensions. Journal of Travel Research, 50(5), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510379157 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Hazarhun, E., & Çetinsöz, B. C. (2024). Improving Consumer-Based Destination Green Brand Equity: The Role of Green Practices and Artificial Intelligence. In The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Regenerative Tourism and Green Destinations (pp. 223–235). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-746-420241014 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. He, L., & Timothy, D. J. (2024). Authentic or comfortable? What tourists want in the destination. Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsut.2024.1437014 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Hunt, J. D. (1975). Image as a Factor in Tourism Development. Journal of Travel Research, 13(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728757501300301 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Hussin, K. A., & Sulaiman, S. (March 25, 2015). Bukit Melawati simpan 1,001 kisah. BHonline. Access from https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2015/03/43130/bhplus. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Invest Selangor. (2025, July 10). Final press release: Selangor GDP 2024. Invest Selangor Berhad. https://www.investselangor.my/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PRESS-RELEASE-SELANGOR-GDP-2024.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Junaedi, S., & Harjanto, J. (2020). Examining the Effect of Destination Awareness, Destination Image, Tourist Motivation, and Word of Mouth on Tourists’ Intention to Revisit (pp. 27–38). https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-038620200000027003 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Karim, R. Al, Rabiul, M. K., & Arfat, S. M. (2024). Factors influencing tourists’ behavioural intentions towards beach destinations: the mediating roles of destination experience and destination satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(4), 2033–2054. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-04-2023-0276 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Kim, M., & Kim, J. (2020). Destination Authenticity as a Trigger of Tourists’ Online Engagement on Social Media. Journal of Travel Research, 59(7), 1238–1252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878510 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Kolar, T., & Zabkar, V. (2010). A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing? Tourism Management, 31(5), 652–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.010 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Koufodontis, N. I., & Gaki, E. (2022). UNESCO urban world heritage sites: Tourists’ awareness in the era of social media. Cities, 127, 103744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103744 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Le, T. H., Abreu Novais, M., Arcodia, C., Berchtenbreiter, R., Humpe, A., & Nguyen, N. (2024). How authenticity in events fosters social sustainability: Towards an authenticity ecosystem and implications for destination management. Tourism Management Perspectives, 51, 101222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2024.101222 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Lee, C.-K., Ahmad, M. S., Petrick, J. F., Park, Y.-N., Park, E., & Kang, C.-W. (2020). The roles of cultural worldview and authenticity in tourists’ decision-making process in a heritage tourism destination using a model of goal-directed behavior. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 100500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100500 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Lee, S., Kim, T., & Kim, Y. (2025). Heritage tourism and allegiance development: A study of the Korean demilitarized zone. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 31(4), 1000–1021. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667241249178 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Lee, S. W., & Xue, K. (2020). A model of destination loyalty: integrating destination image and sustainable tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(4), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2020.1713185 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Li, J., Peng, X., Liu, X., Tang, H., & Li, W. (2025). A study on shaping tourists’ conservational intentions towards cultural heritage in the digital era: exploring the effects of authenticity, cultural experience, and place attachment. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 24(3), 1965–1984. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2024.2321999 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. MacCannell, D. (1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American Journal of Sociology, 79, 589–603. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Mahdzar, M., & Gani, A. A. (2018). Market Segmentation of Kuala Selangor’s Ecotourists’. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(16), 144–152. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Mgiba, F. M., & Madela, K. (2020). South African fuel industry, customer perceptions and satisfaction, and their impact on customer loyalty and repurchase intention. Journal of Contemporary Management, 17(1), 16–40. https://doi.org/10.35683/jcm19098.54 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Mohamad, M., Ali, A. M., Ghani, N. I. A., Abdullah, A. R., & Mokhlis, S. (2012). Positioning Malaysia as a Tourist Destination Based on Destination Loyalty. Asian Social Science, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n1p286 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Mohamad, N. (2020). Understanding the Influence of Media Richness in Developing Customer Trust, Commitment and Loyalty. Journal of Business and Social Development, 8(2), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.46754/jbsd.2020.09.003 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Mohamad, N. (2022). The influence of service quality on tourist loyalty: a case of electric train services. International Journal Knowledge Management in Tourism and Hospitality, 2(4). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Mohamad, N., Chandran, P. S., Khairunisa Marasol, N., & Izuddin Syed Ismail, S. (2021). Exploring Tourists’ Intention to Visit a Heritage Destination: Bukit Melawati, Selangor. Journal of Management and Science, 19(2). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Mohamad, N., Hashim, N. A. B. A., & Khan, T. D. F. (2025). Antecedents of Electronic Word-of-Mouth Intention for Heritage Tourism Destinations in Kuala Lumpur. Pertanika Proceedings, 1(4), 123–126. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Mohamad, N., Vivien, T., & Pei Pei, T. (2022). Travel Experience on Social Media: The Impact towards Tourist Destination Choice. Social & Management Research Journal, 19(2), 21–52. https://doi.org/10.24191/smrj.v19i2.19253 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Mohammed, I., Mahmoud, M. A., & Hinson, R. E. (2022). The effect of brand heritage in tourists’ intention to revisit. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(5), 886–904. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-03-2021-0070 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800302 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Musa, G., Najmin, S., Thirumoorthi, T., & Taha, A. Z. (2017). Examining visitors’ experience with Batu Cave, using the four realm experiential theory. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 3(2), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-10-2016-0037 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS Survival Manual (Second). Allen & Unwin. www.allenandunwin.com/spss.htm [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Pan, X., Rasouli, S., & Timmermans, H. (2021). Investigating tourist destination choice: Effect of destination image from social network members. Tourism Management, 83, 104217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104217 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. Park, E., Choi, B.-K., & Lee, T. J. (2019). The role and dimensions of authenticity in heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 74, 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.03.001 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. Phat, S. N., Nguyen, Q. N., & Lien, T. T. N. (2025). The impact of cultural heritage on the destination attractiveness: The Mediating role of authenticity. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 60(2 supplement), 1362–1371. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.602spl31-1507 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. Qiu, N., Li, H., Pan, C., Wu, J., & Guo, J. (2024). The study on the relationship between perceived value, satisfaction, and tourist loyalty at industrial heritage sites. Heliyon, 10(17). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37184 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. Raja, S., Soundararajan, V., & Parayitam, S. (2024). Community support and benefits, culture and hedonism as moderators in the relationship between brand heritage, tourist satisfaction and revisit intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(5), 2525–2545. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-05-2023-0324 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. Stylidis, D., Woosnam, K. M., Ivkov, M., & Kim, S. S. (2020). Destination loyalty explained through place attachment, destination familiarity and destination image. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(5), 604–616. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2359 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

51. Su, J. (2020). Managing intangible cultural heritage in the context of tourism: Chinese officials’ perspectives. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 18(2), 164–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2019.1604720 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

52. Suryawardani, B., Wulandari, A., Marcelino, D., & Millanyani, H. (2024). Islamic destination to millennials in Bandung: Islamic attributes and destination image on tourist satisfaction with visiting decision as mediator. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(8), 2122–2143. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2021-0191 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

53. Tang, H., Liu, X., Li, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Study on the conservation and renewal of traditional rural tourism spaces: A perspective based on tourists’ revisit intention. Journal of Cleaner Production, 499, 145184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145184 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

54. Timothy, D. J. (2024). Heritage and Destination Conscience: Empowering Communities and Enhancing Tourism Experiences. In Destination Conscience (pp. 51–63). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-960-420241007 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

55. Tourism Selangor. (2025). Selangor Tourism Analytics Portal (STAP): Visitor statistics and tourism insights. https://stap.tourismselangor.travel/en/statistics/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

56. Wang, Z., Udomwong, P., Fu, J., & Onpium, P. (2023). Destination image: A review from 2012 to 2023. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2240569 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

57. Wu, D., Shen, C., Wang, E., Hou, Y., & Yang, J. (2019). Impact of the Perceived Authenticity of Heritage Sites on Subjective Well-Being: A Study of the Mediating Role of Place Attachment and Satisfaction. Sustainability, 11(21), 6148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216148 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

58. Yang, Z., & Peterson, R. T. (2004). Customer perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: The role of switching costs. Psychology & Marketing, 21(10), 799–822. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20030 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

59. Yin, J., Li, Y., Qu, X., Li, Y., & Ni, Y. (2025). Unveiling the influence: multiple superposition attributes of museum digital technology on visitors’ online engagement behavior. Museum Management and Curatorship, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2025.2539077 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles