Application of Maqasid Shariah in Islamic Hotel Industry in Malaysia: An Overview

Application of Maqasid Shariah in Islamic Hotel Industry in Malaysia: An Overview

Siti Nur Husna Abd Rahman¹, ^*Mohd Haidhar Kamarzaman², Mohd Asyran Safwan Kamaruzaman³, Rafidah Mohd Azli⁴, Nursafra Mohd Zhaffar⁵

^1,3,4,5Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, 71300, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

²Research Centre for Theology and Philosophy, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90400047

Received: 23 March 2025; Accepted: 27 March 2025; Published: 26 April 2025

ABSTRACT

This study delves into the intricate application of Maqasid Shariah within the Islamic hotel industry in Malaysia, an area of growing importance as the country positions itself as a leading destination for Muslim travelers. Maqasid Shariah, which fundamentally aims at the preservation of five essential elements – religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth – serves as the cornerstone for guiding ethical and operational practices in Shariah-compliant hotels. The research explores how these principles are meticulously integrated into various aspects of hotel management, including the design of facilities, service offerings, and daily operations. This encompasses the provision of halal-certified food, dedicated prayer spaces, gender-segregated amenities, and the avoidance of practices such as serving alcohol or hosting non-Islamic entertainment that would contradict Islamic values. Additionally, the study examines the challenges and opportunities faced by the Islamic hotel sector in Malaysia, particularly in balancing strict adherence to Shariah with the commercial realities of the hospitality industry. Through a comprehensive overview, this paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of how Maqasid Shariah not only influences but also enhances the overall experience of Muslim travelers, thereby contributing to the broader objectives of Shariah and fostering a sustainable and ethical tourism industry in Malaysia.

Keywords: Maqasid Shariah, Islamic hotel, Shariah compliance, tourism industry

INTRODUCTION

The concept of Maqasid Shariah, which refers to the objectives or goals of Islamic law, is a fundamental principle guiding various aspects of Muslim life, including business and hospitality. In the context of the Islamic hotel industry, Maqasid Shariah plays a crucial role in ensuring that the services and operations are not only compliant with Islamic principles but also contribute to the overall well-being of society. The Islamic hotel industry in Malaysia has witnessed significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for Shariah-compliant services among both local and international Muslim travelers (Razalli, 2018). Maqasid Shariah encompasses five essential objectives: the preservation of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), progeny (hifz al-nasl), and wealth (hifz al-mal) (Auda, 2008). These objectives are reflected in the policies and practices of Islamic hotels, which aim to provide an environment that upholds Islamic values. For instance, Islamic hotels are required to offer halal food, provide prayer facilities, and ensure that their services do not involve any activities prohibited in Islam, such as the consumption of alcohol or gambling (Samori & Sabtu, 2014). In Malaysia, the application of Maqasid Shariah in the hotel industry is particularly significant due to the country’s status as a leading destination for Islamic tourism. The Malaysian government, through various initiatives, has promoted the development of Islamic hotels to cater to the needs of Muslim travelers. This has led to a growing interest in understanding how Maqasid Shariah is applied in this industry, as it not only ensures compliance with Islamic law but also enhances the customer experience by aligning hotel services with the values and expectations of Muslim guests (Henderson, 2016).

This article provides an overview of the application of Maqasid Shariah in the Islamic hotel industry in Malaysia. By examining the current practices and policies within this sector, the study aims to highlight the ways in which Islamic hotels integrate Maqasid Shariah into their operations, thereby contributing to the overall objectives of Shariah in promoting social welfare and ethical business practices.

METHODOLOGY

This study employs a qualitative library research methodology to explore the application of Maqasid Shariah in the Islamic hotel industry in Malaysia. Library research involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of existing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. The primary sources of data for this study include academic journals, books, conference papers, and authoritative online resources. These sources were selected based on their relevance to Maqasid Shariah, the Islamic hotel industry, and the Malaysian context. The literature was identified through keyword searches in academic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, using terms like “Maqasid Shariah,” “Islamic hotel industry,” and “Malaysia.”

The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which involves identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) within the data. The analysis was guided by the principles of Maqasid Shariah, focusing on its application in the operational and managerial aspects of Islamic hotels in Malaysia. The themes explored include the preservation of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), progeny (hifz al-nasl), and wealth (hifz al-mal) within the context of hotel services and customer experience. The citation and referencing for this study follow the APA (American Psychological Association) 7th edition style, which is widely recognized and used in academic writing. References are formatted according to the latest guidelines provided by the APA, ensuring that all sources are appropriately credited and cited. By employing a library research methodology, this study provides an overview of the application of Maqasid Shariah in the Islamic hotel industry in Malaysia. This approach allows for an in-depth understanding of existing literature, offering valuable insights into how Maqasid Shariah principles are integrated into the operations of Islamic hotels.

Maqasid Shariah

Maqasid Shariah, often translated as the objectives or purposes of Islamic law, represents the underlying principles that guide the formulation and application of Shariah. These objectives aim to promote the welfare of humanity by safeguarding essential elements of life that are crucial for individual and societal well-being. The concept of Maqasid Shariah has evolved over time, with scholars like Al-Ghazali and Al-Shatibi contributing significantly to its development. Al-Ghazali identified five fundamental objectives: the preservation of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), progeny (hifz al-nasl), and wealth (hifz al-mal) (Auda, 2008). These objectives form the core of Islamic jurisprudence and serve as the foundation for legal rulings and ethical considerations in various aspects of life.

The application of Maqasid Shariah extends beyond the realm of traditional religious practices and has been increasingly recognized in contemporary contexts, including finance, governance, and social justice. By focusing on the protection and promotion of these essential elements, Maqasid Shariah ensures that Islamic law remains relevant and adaptable to changing circumstances (Dusuki & Abozaid, 2007). This adaptability is crucial for addressing the challenges faced by Muslim societies today, where complex socio-economic and political environments require solutions that are not only compliant with Shariah but also beneficial for the broader community.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in applying Maqasid Shariah to various sectors, including education, healthcare, and business, as a means to achieve holistic development and social equity. This trend reflects the dynamic nature of Maqasid Shariah as a framework that can guide ethical decision-making and policy formulation in diverse fields. Scholars and practitioners are increasingly exploring how the principles of Maqasid Shariah can be operationalized to address contemporary issues while remaining faithful to the ethical and moral foundations of Islam (Kamali, 2011).

Islamic Hotels

Islamic hotels, also known as Shariah-compliant hotels, represent a growing segment within the global hospitality industry, particularly in Muslim-majority countries and regions with significant Muslim populations. These hotels are designed to cater to the needs of Muslim travelers by providing services and facilities that adhere to Islamic principles. The concept of Islamic hotels encompasses a wide range of practices, including the provision of halal food, the prohibition of alcohol, and the availability of prayer facilities (Razalli, 2018). In addition, Islamic hotels often enforce modest dress codes, separate facilities for men and women, and offer entertainment that aligns with Islamic values.

The rise of Islamic hotels is closely linked to the broader growth of the halal tourism industry, which has been driven by increasing demand from Muslim travelers seeking environments that are consistent with their religious beliefs. Malaysia, for instance, has emerged as a leading destination for halal tourism, with the government actively promoting the development of Shariah-compliant hotels as part of its tourism strategy (Samori & Sabtu, 2014). The establishment of Islamic hotels is not only a response to market demand but also reflects a broader commitment to integrating Islamic principles into various aspects of business and daily life.

Islamic hotels aim to achieve a balance between providing a comfortable, modern hospitality experience and maintaining adherence to Shariah law. This balance is particularly important in regions like Southeast Asia, where there is a need to accommodate both Muslim and non-Muslim guests. As such, the design and operation of Islamic hotels often involve careful consideration of both religious guidelines and contemporary hospitality standards (Henderson, 2016). The success of Islamic hotels depends on their ability to offer high-quality services while ensuring that all aspects of their operations are aligned with Islamic teachings.

Shariah-Compliant Hotels

Shariah-compliant hotels, also known as Islamic hotels, are a distinctive category within the hospitality industry that operates in accordance with Islamic principles and guidelines. These hotels are designed to meet the religious and cultural needs of Muslim travelers, ensuring that all aspects of their operations align with Shariah law. This includes the provision of halal-certified food, the prohibition of alcohol, and the exclusion of prohibited activities such as gambling (Razalli, 2018). Additionally, Shariah-compliant hotels often feature prayer facilities, gender-segregated amenities, and entertainment options that adhere to Islamic values.

The emergence of Shariah-compliant hotels is part of a broader trend in the global tourism industry, where there is increasing recognition of the demand for services that cater specifically to Muslim travelers. This demand is driven by a growing Muslim middle class and the rise of halal tourism, which emphasizes travel experiences that comply with Islamic teachings (Henderson, 2016). As a result, many hotels in Muslim-majority countries, as well as in regions with significant Muslim populations, have adopted Shariah-compliant practices to attract this market segment.

In Malaysia, a leading destination for halal tourism, the development of Shariah-compliant hotels has been supported by both the government and the private sector. The Malaysian government has introduced guidelines and certification processes to ensure that hotels meet the necessary standards for Shariah compliance. This has not only enhanced the appeal of Malaysia as a destination for Muslim travelers but also contributed to the global recognition of Shariah-compliant hospitality as a viable and profitable business model (Samori & Sabtu, 2014).

Shariah-compliant hotels offer a unique value proposition by combining modern hospitality services with adherence to Islamic law. This approach not only caters to the religious requirements of Muslim guests but also promotes a sense of comfort and spiritual well-being, making these hotels an attractive option for both devout Muslims and those seeking a culturally enriching experience.

Criteria for Shariah Compliance in Hotels

Shariah-compliant hotels are designed to meet the needs of Muslim travelers by adhering to the principles of Islamic law (Shariah) in all aspects of their operations. The criteria for Shariah compliance in hotels are comprehensive, ensuring that the environment, services, and offerings align with Islamic values and teachings. These criteria typically include the following key elements:

1. Halal Food and Beverage: All food and beverages served in a Shariah-compliant hotel must be halal-certified, meaning they are prepared and processed according to Islamic dietary laws. This includes the prohibition of pork and its derivatives, alcohol, and any other substances considered haram (forbidden) in Islam (Razalli, 2018).
2. No Alcoholic Beverages: Shariah-compliant hotels strictly prohibit the sale, service, and consumption of alcoholic beverages within their premises. This extends to minibars in guest rooms, restaurants, and any other areas where food and drinks are served (Samori & Sabtu, 2014).
3. Prayer Facilities: To accommodate the religious practices of Muslim guests, Shariah-compliant hotels provide prayer facilities, such as prayer rooms (musalla) equipped with prayer mats, Qibla direction signs, and copies of the Quran. Some hotels may also offer prayer times notifications and provide prayer timetables in guest rooms (Razalli, 2018).
4. Gender Segregation: In line with Islamic principles of modesty, Shariah-compliant hotels often provide separate recreational and wellness facilities for men and women. This can include separate swimming pools, gyms, spas, and even dining areas to ensure privacy and comfort for all guests (Battour & Ismail, 2016).
5. Islamic Entertainment and Services: Entertainment options in Shariah-compliant hotels are carefully curated to ensure they align with Islamic values. This might include the exclusion of certain types of music, television channels, or other media that are considered inappropriate. Additionally, services such as in-room entertainment and hotel events are designed to reflect Islamic culture and values (Samori & Sabtu, 2014).
6. Islamic Financial Practices: Shariah-compliant hotels may also adhere to Islamic financial principles, such as avoiding interest-based transactions (riba) and ensuring that financial dealings are conducted in a manner consistent with Shariah (Razalli, 2018). This might include partnerships with Islamic banks and offering Shariah-compliant payment options.

These criteria ensure that Shariah-compliant hotels provide an environment that supports the religious observances and ethical values of Muslim travelers. The adoption of these practices not only meets the spiritual needs of guests but also contributes to the overall integrity and authenticity of the hospitality experience offered by these hotels.

Malaysia’s Tourism Industry

Malaysia’s tourism industry is a vital component of the nation’s economy, contributing significantly to its GDP and providing employment opportunities for millions of Malaysians. As a multicultural country with diverse natural landscapes, Malaysia has positioned itself as a leading tourism destination in Southeast Asia, attracting visitors from around the world. The country’s tourism offerings range from urban attractions in Kuala Lumpur to pristine beaches in Langkawi and cultural heritage sites in Penang and Malacca (Musa & Thirumoorthi, 2011). The Malaysian government has been actively promoting tourism through various initiatives and campaigns, such as the “Visit Malaysia Year” campaigns, which aim to showcase the country’s unique cultural and natural assets to a global audience.

One of the key strengths of Malaysia’s tourism industry is its ability to cater to diverse market segments. This includes not only traditional tourism but also niche markets such as ecotourism, medical tourism, and halal tourism. Malaysia’s reputation as a leading destination for halal tourism is particularly noteworthy, as the country offers a wide range of Shariah-compliant services and facilities that cater to Muslim travelers (Battour & Ismail, 2016). The development of Shariah-compliant hotels, halal-certified restaurants, and Muslim-friendly attractions has bolstered Malaysia’s appeal among Muslim tourists from the Middle East, Indonesia, and other regions.

The tourism industry in Malaysia has also benefited from its strategic location in Southeast Asia, which makes it accessible to major global markets. The country’s well-developed infrastructure, including modern airports, highways, and public transportation, further enhances its attractiveness as a tourist destination. Additionally, Malaysia’s commitment to safety and security has made it a preferred choice for family vacations and business travel (Henderson, 2011).

Despite facing challenges such as economic fluctuations and global health crises, Malaysia’s tourism industry has shown resilience and adaptability. The government continues to invest in tourism infrastructure and marketing, with a focus on sustainable and responsible tourism practices. As the industry evolves, Malaysia remains committed to maintaining its position as a top travel destination by offering a diverse and enriching experience to visitors.

Statistics on Shariah-Compliant Hotels

The Shariah-compliant hotel industry, also known as Islamic or halal hotels, has been experiencing significant growth globally, with notable expansion in Muslim-majority countries like Malaysia. As of recent reports, Malaysia is home to a growing number of Shariah-compliant hotels, with the country being recognized as one of the leaders in the halal tourism sector. According to the State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2020/21, the global expenditure by Muslim travelers was estimated at USD 194 billion in 2019, with a significant portion of this spending directed towards Shariah-compliant hotels and services (Dinar Standard, 2020).

In Malaysia, the number of Shariah-compliant hotels has increased steadily over the past decade, supported by both government initiatives and private sector investments. By 2018, it was reported that there were over 200 hotels in Malaysia that had either fully or partially adopted Shariah-compliant practices, offering services that cater specifically to the needs of Muslim travelers (Razalli, 2018). These hotels follow strict guidelines, such as serving halal food, providing prayer facilities, and ensuring that entertainment and recreational activities are in line with Islamic values.

The growth of Shariah-compliant hotels in Malaysia is closely linked to the country’s broader efforts to position itself as a leading destination for halal tourism. Malaysia consistently ranks as one of the top destinations for Muslim travelers, as highlighted in the Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI), where it has frequently secured the top spot (Mastercard-Crescent Rating, 2021). This achievement reflects the success of Malaysia’s strategy in promoting Shariah-compliant hospitality services as part of its tourism offerings.

The demand for Shariah-compliant hotels is expected to continue rising, driven by the increasing number of Muslim travelers and the growing awareness of halal tourism. The industry is also benefiting from technological advancements, with many hotels now offering digital services that enhance the guest experience while maintaining compliance with Shariah principles (Razalli, 2018).

CONCLUSION

The application of Maqasid Shariah in the Islamic hotel industry in Malaysia serves as a vital framework that ensures the alignment of hotel operations with the overarching objectives of Islamic law. By adhering to the principles of Maqasid Shariah, which include the preservation of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth, Islamic hotels in Malaysia are able to provide services that not only comply with Shariah but also promote the well-being of both guests and the wider community (Auda, 2008). This alignment enhances the ethical standards of the hospitality industry, making it possible to offer a holistic experience that meets the spiritual and cultural needs of Muslim travelers.

The successful integration of Maqasid Shariah within the Malaysian Islamic hotel industry is reflective of the broader efforts to position Malaysia as a global leader in halal tourism. The industry’s growth is supported by government policies, certification standards, and a robust understanding of Shariah principles among hotel operators (Razalli, 2018). These factors have contributed to Malaysia’s reputation as a preferred destination for Muslim travelers, where they can expect services that uphold the values of their faith.

Moving forward, the continued application of Maqasid Shariah will be essential in ensuring that Islamic hotels in Malaysia not only maintain their compliance with Islamic law but also innovate in ways that further enhance the guest experience. As the global demand for Shariah-compliant services grows, the Malaysian Islamic hotel industry has the potential to serve as a model for other countries, demonstrating how Islamic principles can be effectively applied in a modern business context.

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