Political Stability and Socio-Economic Development: A Study Area of Mogadishu, Somalia.

Political Stability and Socio-Economic Development: A Study Area of Mogadishu, Somalia.

Ali Abdi Yusuf

Kampala International University, Muqdishu, Banadir, Somalia

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.807107

Received: 08 June 2024; Revised: 26 June 2024; Accepted: 01 July 2024; Published: 07 August 2024

ABSTRACT  

This study investigates the link between political stability and socioeconomic development in Mogadishu, Somalia, with an emphasis on political and administrative responsibility. Using John Locke’s Liberalism Theory, the study polled 60 public sector personnel, yielding 52 responses. The findings indicate that political accountability, through openness and reduced corruption, promotes socioeconomic development by boosting public trust. Administrative accountability promotes development by guaranteeing effective resource management and improved service delivery, particularly in healthcare and education. The study emphasizes the relevance of a stable political climate in fostering economic growth and social equality. It suggests improving openness, anti-corruption measures, participatory decision-making, efficient resource management, official training, and building legal and institutional frameworks to promote Mogadishu’s long-term development.

Keywords: Political Accountability, Administrative Accountability and Socio-Economic Development.

INTRODUCTION

Political stability and socioeconomic development are inextricably related factors that form the foundation of a country’s progress. The dynamic interplay between the political landscape and the socioeconomic fabric defines countries’ paths and influences their potential to achieve long-term development. This link emphasizes the necessity of understanding how political stability, or its absence, can act as a stimulus or impediment to socioeconomic growth. Political stability is the consistency and predictability of a country’s political system, which includes the absence of political turmoil, consistent governance, and the rule of law. Socioeconomic development, on the other hand, refers to a society’s improved social well-being, living standards, and economic prospects. It is a holistic process that tackles economic, social, and environmental factors to improve individuals’ overall quality of life (Przeworski et al., 2000; Todaro and Smith, 2014).

Since forever ago, the nexus between political strength and financial advancement has been obvious in the ascent and fall of civilizations and realms. Stable political establishments have frequently laid the basis for financial thriving, social prospering, and logical headways. Then again, political unsteadiness has been related with financial slumps, social turmoil, and hindrances to improvement. An assessment of authentic contextual investigations can reveal insight into the persevering through meaning of political strength in encouraging reasonable financial advancement (North, Wallis, and Weingast, 2009; Jewel, 1997). Different hypothetical systems, like Modernization Hypothesis and Institutional Hypothesis, offer bits of knowledge into the connection between political solidness and financial turn of events. Modernization Hypothesis sets that as social orders go through political and financial modernization, described by stable foundations and popularity-based administration, they are bound to encounter improvement (Lipset, 1959). Institutional Hypothesis, then again, underlines the job of foundations in molding advancement results, underscoring the significance of stable political designs for financial advancement (North, 1990; Rodrik, Subramanian, and Trebbi, 2004).

The worldwide field gives a different material to investigate how political strength impacts financial turn of events. Countries that have kept up with political solidness overstretched periods frequently feature more significant levels of human turn of events, financial enhancement, and innovative progressions. Alternately, districts wrestling with political precariousness might confront difficulties in drawing in ventures, carrying out powerful arrangements, and encouraging social attachment (Huntington, 1968; Easterly and Levine, 1997). In the contemporary world, portrayed by globalization and interconnectedness, the connection between political dependability and financial improvement faces new difficulties and potential open doors. Quick mechanical headways, environmental change concerns, and the advancing international scene add intricacy to the elements among legislative issues and improvement. Investigating how countries explore these difficulties while keeping up with political soundness becomes vital for understanding the expected directions of financial advancement (World Bank, 2017; Rodrik, 2018).

Research Objectives

1. To examine the effects of Political accountability on socio-economic development in Mogadishu, Somalia.
2. To determine the effects of Administrative accountability on socio-economic development in Mogadishu, Somalia.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This examination study was supported by the radicalism hypothesis expressed by John Locke (1632-1704). Progressivism is a political and moral way of thinking in view of the privileges of the individual, freedom, assent of the represented, political correspondence, and equity under the steady gaze of the law. Nonconformists embrace different perspectives relying upon how they might interpret these standards. Progressivism is a political and moral way of thinking in view of the privileges of the individual, freedom, assent of the represented, political correspondence, and balance under the steady gaze of the law. Dissidents embrace different perspectives relying upon how they might interpret these standards. In any case, they by and large help private property, market economies, individual privileges (counting social liberties and basic liberties), liberal majority rules system, secularism, law and order, financial and political opportunity, the right to speak freely of discourse, opportunity of the press, opportunity of the gathering, and opportunity of religion. Progressivism is habitually referred to as the prevailing philosophy of current history (Dunn, 2020). This hypothesis is pertinent to this study since it upholds an administration that safeguards property freedoms and implements contracts. It additionally advocates for government intercession to determine market disappointments when they happen. Besides, it advances a protected request that values individual opportunities, like the right to speak freely and opportunity of affiliation; an autonomous legal executive and public preliminaries by jury; and the nullification of distinguished honors (North, 1990; Rodrik, Subramanian, and Trebbi, 2004).

To Inspect the Impacts of Political Accountability on Socio-Economic Development.

Inspecting the impacts of political accountability on socio-economic development uncovers a huge connection between mindful administration and the prosperity of the general public. Political responsibility, including systems through which government authorities are considered answerable for their activities, guarantees straightforwardness, decreases defilement, and improves public confidence in establishments. Responsible pioneers are bound to execute strategies cultivating monetary development, working on open administrations, and tending to social imbalances. For instance, such administration can improve schooling and medical services frameworks, guarantee proficient public spending, and lay out vigorous legitimate structures for property privileges and agreement requirement. Moreover, political responsibility advances comprehensive navigation, reflecting different necessities and interests, hence improving social union and steadiness.

Exact proof backs that nations with more significant levels of political responsibility will generally encounter more feasible financial turn of events (World Bank, 2017; Rodrik, 2007; Acemoglu and Robinson, 2012).

To Decide the Impacts of Administrative Accountability on Socio-Economic Development.

Deciding the impacts of regulatory responsibility on financial improvement features the basic job that straightforward and mindful policy implementation plays in a country’s advancement. Authoritative responsibility guarantees that administration organizations are liable for their activities, prompting more successful arrangement execution and decreased debasement. This cultivates better open administrations and proficient assets for the executives, adding to monetary development and social government assistance. Responsible practices improve foundation, medical services, and instruction, establishing a climate helpful for venture and development. Also, regulatory responsibility advances public confidence in government establishments, empowering community commitment and consistency with regulations, further supporting supported financial turn of events (World Bank, 2017; Rodrik, 2007; Acemoglu and Robinson, 2012).

LITERATURE REVIEW

Political dependability and financial improvement are in a general sense interconnected features that in all impact a country’s general direction. Political dependability, described by reliable administration, nonappearance of strife, and adherence to law and order, establishes a climate that upholds monetary development and social prosperity. On the other hand, the financial turn of events, which envelops enhancements in expectations for everyday comforts, monetary open doors, and social markers, frequently supports political security. This writing survey investigates the broad assortment of exploration that inspects the connection between political solidness and financial turn of events, featuring observational discoveries, authentic experiences, and contemporary difficulties. The authentic connection between political steadiness and financial advancement can be seen in different civic establishments and periods. The Roman Realm, for instance, accomplished huge financial and infrastructural progressions during its times of political dependability, empowering broad exchange organizations and social trade (Jewel, 1997).

Likewise, the strength in post-The Second Great War Western Europe worked with quick financial recuperation and development, supported by powerful political foundations and worldwide participation. Conversely, political unsteadiness has frequently prompted financial decay and social confusion. For example, the political disturbance in numerous African countries post-freedom has been related to monetary stagnation and unfortunate improvement results, accentuating the adverse effect of precariousness (North, Wallis, and Weingast, 2009). Experimental examinations reliably feature the positive connection between political dependability and financial turn of events. Przeworski et al. (2000) found that politically steady nations for the most part show higher financial development rates. This dependability diminishes vulnerability, subsequently uplifting venture and financial exercises.

One more concentrate by Easterly and Levine (1997) showed that political strength essentially influences human resources advancement, prompting better training and wellbeing results. These investigations highlight that political steadiness straightforwardly impacts financial execution as well as improves social pointers, establishing a thorough climate for feasible turn of events. Various locales show shifting elements between political soundness and financial turn of events. In East Asia, nations like Japan and South Korea experienced noteworthy financial development following times of political adjustment and institutional changes.

Their stable worlds of politics pulled in unfamiliar venture and cultivated homegrown business, prompting fast industrialization and advancement. On the other hand, in areas like the Center East, relentless political flimsiness has frequently brought about financial disturbances and formative mishaps. The Middle Easterner Spring, for example, featured how political distress can prompt critical financial and social difficulties, disturbing development directions and compounding social disparities (Huntington, 1968). In the present globalized world, the transaction between political soundness and financial advancement faces new intricacies. Globalization has presented two open doors and difficulties; while it can drive financial development through expanded exchange and venture, it can likewise compound disparities and political pressures inside and between countries (Rodrik, 2018). Environmental change represents one more huge test, with its capability to cause asset shortage, relocation, and social turmoil, consequently compromising political security. Moreover, mechanical progressions, while offering the potential for financial development and further developed administration, can likewise prompt disturbances in labor showcases and worsen social disparities if not overseen comprehensively.

Figuring out the relationship between political steadiness and financial advancement has critical approach suggestions. Viable administration, portrayed by straightforwardness, responsibility, and law and order, is fundamental for establishing a stable world of politics that upholds financial exercises. Approaches that advance training, medical services, and framework improvement can address social and financial complaints, consequently supporting political steadiness. Moreover, global collaboration and institutional changes that upgrade political steadiness can work with supportable turn of events. Policymakers should consider both verifiable illustrations and contemporary difficulties to plan techniques that cultivate both political dependability and financial advancement (World Bank, 2017). The writing on political security and financial advancement shows their natural and common building up relationship. Stable worlds of politics give the establishment to monetary development and social prosperity, while financial advancement can improve political steadiness by resolving key social and financial issues. The interchange between these elements is mind-boggling, affected by authentic settings, observational proof, and contemporary worldwide difficulties. Policymakers should use this comprehension to advance feasible turn of events and strong social orders, guaranteeing that both political soundness and financial improvement are focused on in their systems.

Future exploration ought to keep on investigating these elements, especially notwithstanding arising worldwide difficulties, to illuminate viable approach mediations.

METHODOLOGY

According to my study, the research used one of the most useful tools in data designed to collect information. The study employed a descriptive research design, which is focused on providing a detailed description of the current problem or phenomenon under investigation. In this case, the research aimed to describe and understand the Political Stability and Socio-Economic Development in Mogadishu, Somalia. The descriptive design allowed the researcher to paint a comprehensive picture of the situation by documenting the current conditions, attitudes, and practices related to Political Stability and Socio-Economic Development in Mogadishu, Somalia. This approach helped in gaining a clear understanding of how these policies and practices are being implemented and how they may be influencing or affecting socio-economic development. In this case, the target population consists of employees and management from a public sector institution in Mogadishu, Somalia, specifically minister of internal affairs. The researchers have identified 60 respondents as the target population for their study and also the researcher selected 52 respondents of them to participate the questioner, the researcher have taken for result in what these participant’s responses.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

According to the data provided above, 30 responders (58%) were men and 22 (42%) were women. This suggests that the responders are predominantly male. As a result, men constituted the vast majority of the sample population.

The graphic highlights respondents’ ages: 20 or less (21%), 26-30 (42%), 31-35 (23%), and 36 and over (14%). The plurality (42%) were between the ages of 26 and 30. This suggests that most responders were between the ages of 26 and 30.

According to the data, 56% of respondents were unmarried while 44% got married, showing that single respondents represented the majority (56%).

According to the statistics presented, respondents’ education levels vary considerably: 8% have a secondary certificate (n=4), 13% have a high diploma (n=7), 46% have a bachelor’s degree (n=24), 23% have a master’s degree (n=12), and 10% have a PhD (n = 5). The majority of responders have bachelor’s degrees.

According to the survey results, participants’ levels of experience are classified as follows: less than one year (17%, n=9), 1-2 years (23%, n=12), 3-4 years (25%, n=13), and 5 or more years (35%, n=18). The majority of respondents, 35%, indicated that they held 5 years or more of experience.

According to the responses to question (1), which examined knowledge of the statement “Accountability promotes operational excellence for socio-economic development,” respondents showed a strong consensus. More specifically, 52% strongly agreed (n=27), 29% agreed (n=15), 15% disagreed (n=8), and 4% strongly disagreed (n=2). Thus, the majority of respondents strongly agreed with the statement.

According to feedback to question (2), which asked respondents about their interpretation of “Social actions considered from a positive political accountability,” the results show a consensus. Specifically, 29% strongly agreed (n=15) and 50% agreed (n=26), with 8% disagreeing (n=4) and 13% strongly disagreeing (n=7). This implies that the majority of respondents support positive political accountability for social efforts.

According to acknowledges to question (3), which tested respondents’ knowledge of “Accountability yields more accurate results contributing to socioeconomic growth,” the findings show a strong consensus. Specifically, 27% strongly agreed (n=14), 44% agreed (n=23), 21% disagreed (n=11), and 8% severely disagreed (n=4). This suggests that the majority of those surveyed believe accountability has a beneficial effect on socioeconomic growth.

According to question (4), almost all of the respondents (61%) agreed that public engagement is crucial in the selection process for political leaders in a democratic system, with 17% strongly agreeing and 44% agreeing. 39% of respondents disagreed (25%), while 14% strongly disagreed. This demonstrates a consensus on the necessity of public participation in the electoral process mutation.

According to the answers to question (5), 73% of respondents disagreed that administrative accountability improves regulatory quality and good governance for socio-economic development, with 38% disagreeing and 35% strongly disagreeing. However, 27% agreed, with 10% strongly agreeing and 17% agreeing. This shows a general disagreement among respondents on this subject.

In response to question (6), 62% of respondents agreed that voice and accountability describe public participation in governance and planning for socio-economic development, with 31% strongly agreeing and 31% agreeing. In contrast, 38% disagreed, with 25% disagreeing and 13% strongly disagreeing. This means that most of those surveyed strongly agree or agree with the claim.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

The study sought to investigate the effects of political stability on socioeconomic development in Mogadishu, Somalia. The findings demonstrated that respondents had a significant positive consensus on the importance of both political and administrative accountability in promoting socioeconomic growth. Political accountability, defined as openness, reduced corruption, and enhanced public trust, was viewed as critical for creating a stable climate conducive to economic activity and social well-being. Respondents reported that accountable political leaders are more likely to implement growth-promoting policies and improve public services, which is consistent with empirical evidence linking political accountability to higher economic growth rates (World Bank, 2017; Przeworski et al., 2000). Administrative accountability also had a favorable influence, with respondents believing that it leads to better public-sector management, timely implementation of development projects, and enhanced healthcare and education services. Efficient resource management and decreased corruption promote economic progress and social welfare. The study emphasizes the necessity of both kinds of accountability in fostering long-term socioeconomic growth, as well as the need for ongoing efforts to reform institutions and build capacity in Mogadishu’s post-conflict context. These findings are consistent with larger empirical evidence that accountability plays an important role in accomplishing development goals (Easterly and Levine, 1997; Rodrik, 2007).

CONCLUSION

This study investigated the impact of political stability on socio-economic development in Mogadishu, Somalia. The findings demonstrated that political accountability can help to promote socioeconomic development by assuring openness, decreasing corruption, and fostering public confidence, all of which are necessary for efficient policy execution and economic progress. Respondents pointed out that accountable political leaders are more likely to enhance public services and address social inequities. Similarly, administrative accountability has been shown to play an important role in socioeconomic development by encouraging effective resource management, timely implementation of development projects, and improved service delivery in crucial areas such as education and healthcare. These findings emphasize the necessity of strong accountability mechanisms in creating a stable and conducive environment for sustainable growth. Strengthening political and administrative accountability is consequently critical for achieving and sustaining socioeconomic success in Mogadishu.

RECOMMENDATIONS

This study examined the outstanding recommendations provided for all administrative agencies in the Federal Republic of Somalia, as well as any scholar or researcher interested in holding an administrative job inside the Somali federal government. I’d like to introduce the upcoming scholars:

1. Improve openness and anti-corruption measures in Mogadishu to foster confidence and effective policy implementation, leading to economic growth and enhanced services.
2. Promote participative decision-making to accommodate varied community demands, leading to social cohesion, stability, and socio-economic development.
3. Create effective systems for resource management and service delivery, especially in healthcare and education, to assure timely development projects and increase social welfare.
4. Support in training and development programs for government personnel to improve their ability to manage public resources effectively while adhering to integrity guidelines.
5. Rebuild the legal and institutional structures that enable democratic and administrative responsibility, guaranteeing long-term socioeconomic development in Mogadishu after the conflict.

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