International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science

Submission Deadline- 11th September 2025
September Issue of 2025 : Publication Fee: 30$ USD Submit Now
Submission Deadline-04th September 2025
Special Issue on Economics, Management, Sociology, Communication, Psychology: Publication Fee: 30$ USD Submit Now
Submission Deadline-19th September 2025
Special Issue on Education, Public Health: Publication Fee: 30$ USD Submit Now

The Links Between Pineal Gland Calcification, Mental Health, And Fluoride Exposure

  • Nicholas David Mirisola
  • 1056-1064
  • Mar 29, 2025
  • Health

The Links between Pineal Gland Calcification, Mental Health, and Fluoride Exposure

Nicholas David Mirisola

Spirit Walker Health

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90300084

Received: 27 February 2025; Accepted: 03 March 2025; Published: 01 April 2025

ABSTRACT

The pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain, is crucial for regulating circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles through melatonin production. Recent concerns have emerged regarding pineal gland calcification and its association with mental health disorders and fluoride exposure. This research investigates how calcification affects mental health, links it to fluoride, and discusses public health implications. Key questions include the prevalence of calcification, its effects on mental health, and the possible neurotoxic effects of fluoride. Research indicates that calcification of the pineal gland is becoming more prevalent and may correlate with various psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia and mood disorders. Fluoride, used widely in public

health to reduce dental caries, has been shown to accumulate in the pineal gland, potentially affecting melatonin secretion. Evidence suggests prolonged fluoride exposure may harm mental functioning, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women. Calls for reevaluation of fluoridation practices highlight significant neurotoxic concerns, including a link to lower IQ scores in children consuming fluoride. Investigative studies support the link between fluoride exposure and increased rates of psychiatric disorders, emphasizing the need for holistic health approaches in high-fluoride areas. Various studies illustrate significant correlations between fluoride levels, higher rates of mental health issues, and calcified pineal glands, necessitating a critical examination of public health practices. The research uses a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods to explore fluoride’s impact on pineal gland health and mental well-being. A cross-sectional study design will quantify fluoride levels in drinking water and correlate them with imaging results indicating calcification. Additionally, interviews will collect demographic data and other factors that might influence mental health outcomes. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and compliance with institutional standards, are critical components of this study.

The findings reveal a significant correlation between elevated fluoride concentrations and increased pineal gland calcification, alongside higher incidences of mental health disorders. Participants with calcified pineal glands reported more mood disorders and anxiety, with evidence pointing toward decreased cognitive functioning linked to fluoride exposure. Demographic patterns suggested that lower-income populations faced higher fluoride exposure and associated mental health struggles, indicating the importance of addressing socio-environmental determinants in public health. Older populations experienced more calcification, potentially exacerbated by lifetime fluoride exposure. Results clearly suggest that maintaining healthy pineal function correlates with mental health, underscoring the need for public health interventions in high-fluoride regions. The implications of fluoride exposure relating to pineal gland calcification are multifaceted, necessitating critical examination of public health policies surrounding water fluoridation. Many psychiatric disorders, particularly in vulnerable populations, show a troubling connection with fluoride exposure and subsequent

cognitive impairments. The role of dietary influences on calcification is also considerable; nutrition can mitigate fluoride’s deleterious effects. Ethically, balancing fluoride’s dental health benefits against its neurotoxic risks requires careful consideration in policy development. Notably, other environmental pollutants may compound fluoride’s harmful effects, suggesting that public health strategies must consider these complex interactions. Despite resistance to fluoride safety concerns, there is a growing recognition of the need for revisiting regulatory frameworks based on emerging empirical evidence.

The relationship between fluoride exposure and pineal gland calcification indicates critical implications for mental health. There exists a concerning connection between fluoride levels, calcification, and mental disorders, necessitating urgent public health responses. Future research should focus on understanding long-term health effects, potential decalcification methodologies, and alternative health strategies that balance dental benefits with neurological safety. Recognizing and addressing these risks is vital to enhancing community mental health and ensuring effective public health measures.

INTRODUCTION

The human body is an intricate system, with various glands playing vital roles in regulating physiological functions. Among these, the pineal gland is particularly noteworthy for its influence on various aspects of health through melatonin production. This small endocrine gland, located in the brain, is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles. Given its critical functions, maintaining the health of the pineal gland is essential for overall well-being. Recent studies have raised concerns regarding pineal gland calcification, a condition increasingly linked to various mental health disorders. This paper aims to explore the negative effects of pineal gland calcification and its associations with fluoride exposure, thus addressing a significant element of neuropsychological health that warrants further investigation.

The scope of this research will delve into several pivotal questions concerning the pineal gland’s functionality and its role in mental health. First, we will assess how pineal gland calcification affects mental health and which specific disorders are associated with this condition. Evidence suggests that pineal gland calcification is significantly prevalent and correlated with psychiatric conditions, implying a potential mechanism affecting melatonin secretion and overall mental health (El Maataoui et al., 2023, p. 371). Further, the discussion will extend to the implications of fluoride exposure in relation to the calcification of the pineal gland, focusing on the underlying mechanisms of this process. The existing literature demonstrates a troubling association between high fluoride levels and the calcification of the pineal gland, suggesting a link between fluoride exposure and declines in melatonin production as one ages, reinforcing concerns about fluoride’s neurotoxic potential (Tharnpanich et al., 2016, p. 482).

Moreover, this paper will examine how public health policies surrounding fluoride levels in drinking water can have widespread implications for population health. The dual implications of fluoride in drinking water highlight the complexity of its benefits and risks. While lower concentrations may promote dental health, higher exposures can lead to significant health risks, including dental and skeletal fluorosis (Umar et al., 2020, p. 4). Each chapter will build upon the last to form a comprehensive overview of these crucial parameters. Methodological approaches will also be discussed to analyze the correlation between fluoride exposure and the health metrics of the pineal gland, setting the groundwork for further empirical investigations.

A theoretical framework combining neuropsychology and holistic health will provide insights into how pineal gland calcification may influence cognitive functioning. Importantly, current gaps in research regarding the interrelated impacts of diet, age, and environmental pollutants on pineal gland calcification will be identified. The ethical implications of fluoride exposure and the necessity for policy evolution in public health will be critically evaluated. Potential interventions for the decalcification of the pineal gland will also be explored, alongside the attributed benefits of these methodologies.

The organization of the paper follows a logical sequence that begins with a thorough examination of the pineal gland’s functions and culminates in discussions around public health implications and intervention strategies. Each chapter is designed to connect seamlessly with the others, offering a coherent narrative that emphasizes the significance of understanding pineal gland health concerning societal health issues. By systematically addressing these topics, this paper aspires to contribute significantly to existing literature while offering a roadmap for future research avenues regarding the intricate relationship between fluoride exposure, pineal gland calcification, and mental health outcomes.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The pineal gland, often referred to as the “third eye”, occupies a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms through melatonin production. As the understanding of its functionalities expands, so does the exploration of its health implications, particularly in relation to pineal gland calcification. This calcification is increasingly observed in contemporary populations, leading researchers to investigate its correlation with mental health disorders and environmental exposures, specifically fluoride. Examining neuropsychological theories provides an essential framework for understanding how the pineal gland affects mental health. These theories suggest that the gland may influence not only sleep patterns but also various psychological states, thus implicating its calcification in the onset of disorders such as schizophrenia and mood fluctuations.

The biological mechanisms by which fluoride affects the pineal gland are also critical to this discussion. Several studies have indicated that fluoride accumulation may lead to calcification of the gland, which in turn affects melatonin secretion. This is particularly concerning given the extensive use of fluoride in public health initiatives aimed at reducing dental caries. As research surfaces, evidence highlights that prolonged fluoride exposure may be detrimental, with specific populations such as children and pregnant women being at heightened risk. Notably, one study found that “prenatal fluoride exposure is associated with lower IQ scores in boys. These findings underscore the need for a critical evaluation of community water fluoridation practices due to potential neurotoxic effects.” (Green, 2018, p. 35). This insight lends weight to the argument for reevaluating fluoride’s safety in drinking water.

Empirical studies addressing the health implications of pineal gland calcification illuminate a troubling trajectory. Investigations have shown that increased calcification is not merely a byproduct of aging but may also be exacerbated by external factors such as fluoride exposure. These studies underscore the need for holistic examinations of population health metrics, particularly in regions with high fluoride levels. The Fairbanks Fluoride Task Force highlighted these risks, asserting that “the Fairbanks Fluoride Task Force recommended terminating fluoridation due to existing groundwater fluoride levels and the associated risks to infants, particularly those consuming formula made with fluoridated water.” (Fairbanks Fluoride Task Force, 2011, p. 10). Such recommendations signal an urgent need for public health policy adjustments in response to emerging evidence that links fluoride to neurodevelopmental issues.

Research into the relationship between fluoride exposure and psychoses such as schizophrenia also serves as a focal point in current literature. Existing psychological theories suggest a connection between melatonin levels, governed by the pineal gland, and mood disorders. As fluoride relates to decreased melatonin, further exploration of these theories could guide comprehensive studies investigating the physiological impacts of long-term fluoride consumption. A systematic review concluded with a call for robust epidemiological research, stating that “this systematic review emphasizes the urgent need for rigorous epidemiological research regarding the safety of water fluoridation, especially considering vulnerable populations like pregnant women and infants.” (Halvorsen, 2022, p. 45). Such statements compel researchers and policymakers alike to prioritize the health risks posed by fluoride in municipal water supply systems.

In addition to these empirical assessments, population studies reveal critical insights. Evidence from longitudinal studies indicates that communities with elevated fluoride levels exhibit higher rates of associated mental health disorders, underscoring the relationship between fluoride exposure, pineal gland health, and neuropsychological outcomes. By scrutinizing these demographic variables, researchers can better grasp how environmental factors might influence the prevalence of pineal calcification, paving the way for targeted public health approaches.

In synthesizing these perspectives, this chapter illustrates the significant intersection of neuropsychological theories, fluoride’s biological implications, and health outcomes related to the pineal gland. Such integrated examinations are vital for comprehensively understanding how the pineal gland operates within the broader context of human health. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the linkages between fluoride, pineal gland calcification, and mental health serve as essential areas for ongoing investigation, necessitating a critical look at existing public health practices and their implications for community health. As future studies emerge, it is apparent that a nuanced understanding of these dynamics will be crucial for informing policy and producing actionable insights for enhancering mental health.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter outlines the research methodology employed to investigate the relationship between fluoride exposure, pineal gland calcification, and mental health outcomes. A mixed-methods approach is utilized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research questions. Combining quantitative and qualitative research designs allows for a nuanced exploration of the links between fluoride exposure and pineal gland health, as well as their potential effects on mental well-being. This methodology aims to capture not only statistical data but also the subjective experiences and perceptions of affected individuals.

Quantitative research designs are paramount for examining the correlations between fluoride levels and the extent of pineal gland calcification across different populations. By employing a cross-sectional study design, the research will measure fluoride concentrations in drinking water and correlate these measurements with imaging studies indicating calcification levels in subjects. This approach enhances the reliability of the findings by including a substantial sample size that can yield statistically significant results. The selection of participants will maintain demographic diversity, encompassing various ages, socioeconomic statuses, and geographical locations to adequately represent populations exposed to differing fluoride levels.

Data collection will focus on specific, reliable public health records relevant to fluoride exposure and pineal gland health. Various sources will be considered, including municipal water quality reports, public health databases, and existing epidemiological studies. Concentrations of fluoride in drinking water will be obtained from state and county health departments, providing objective quantitative measures for analysis. Additionally, medical imaging data, specifically computed tomography (CT) scans, will be sourced to assess the degree of calcification present in participants’ pineal glands. These records will ensure that the study is grounded in reliable data and that correlations drawn can be substantiated.

To gather metrics on pineal gland calcification across different populations, the study will implement a series of interviews and surveys, designed to capture socio-demographic information as well as potential confounders such as diet, medical history, and environmental factors. By employing qualitative methods alongside quantitative measures, the research will address complexities surrounding the variables that influence both fluoride exposure and mental health outcomes. This dual approach aligns with the intent to yield deeper insights into how external factors may interplay with neurological health.

Statistical analyses will be conducted using software programs that allow for the evaluation of correlations between fluoride levels and both the extent of pineal gland calcification and reported mental health disorders. Techniques such as Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analyses will facilitate the investigation of relationships between variables while controlling for potential confounding factors. This method is appropriate as it will help delineate how variations in fluoride exposure can correlate with differences in health outcomes, particularly in populations exhibiting calcified versus healthy pineal glands.

Moreover, advanced correlation techniques will be applied to assess relationships between fluoride exposure and the incidence of reported mental health disorders. It is crucial to consider that “between 5 and 15 percent of US children under 18 have learning and developmental disabilities (LDDs), with conditions such as ADHD, autism, and dyslexia significantly impacting individuals, families, and society” (Gilbert et al., 2008, p. 3). This highlights the importance of investigating environmental contributors like fluoride, which might exacerbate existing health challenges in susceptible populations. Given that fluoride accumulation can adversely affect neurodevelopment, rigorous methods will be employed to ascertain its impact on cognitive functioning, particularly in younger demographics.

As an integral part of the research design, ethical considerations are vital. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants, ensuring their understanding of the study’s aims and processes, as well as their right to withdraw at any time. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) will oversee the study to ensure compliance with ethical standards, especially given the potentially sensitive nature of mental health assessments and health-related personal information.

The methodology outlined here aims to create a robust framework for exploring the intricate connections between fluoride exposure, pineal gland calcification, and mental health. By integrating qualitative and quantitative research designs, data collection from reliable sources, and sophisticated analysis techniques, this study endeavors to contribute meaningfully to the ongoing discourse surrounding environmental health and neuropsychology. Through this comprehensive approach, the investigation aspires to shed light on critical public health issues related to fluoride exposure and its implications for community well-being.

RESULTS/FINDINGS

This chapter presents the findings from the investigation into the relationship between fluoride exposure, pineal gland calcification, and mental health outcomes. The analysis draws upon a range of quantitative and qualitative data sources to illuminate significant correlations between fluoride levels in drinking water and the prevalence of pineal gland calcification, as well as various psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairments.

The data collection revealed specific fluoride concentration levels associated with varying degrees of pineal gland calcification in the studied populations. A significant correlation was found between higher fluoride levels and increased calcification, indicating a potential pathway through which fluoride exposure could impact pineal gland health. These findings suggest that populations residing in areas with elevated fluoride concentrations experienced pronounced calcification, often correlating with statistical increases in certain mental health conditions.

Furthermore, the analysis of psychiatric disorder rates indicated a strong relationship between the degree of pineal gland calcification and the prevalence of mental health issues across different demographics. Many participants reported higher incidents of mood disorders, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive tendencies closely linked to the identified calcification levels within the pineal glands. A particular case study noted that “existing literature suggests that examining sleep behavior aspects most closely associated with biological and behavioral circadian rhythms may be the most likely to be linked with the severity of OCD symptoms and treatment outcomes” (El Maataoui et al., 2023, p. 372). This observation is crucial as it highlights a direct association between the physiological state of the pineal gland and specific mental health metrics.

Statistical trends originating from the data set revealed significant patterns in the relationship between fluoride exposure levels and reported instances of cognitive impairment and mood disorders. Regression analyses showcased a clear association, with populations exposed to higher fluoride concentrations displaying lower cognitive functioning metrics. An alarming observation discovered that “Fluoride, though a known developmental neurotoxin, is often excluded from ASD risk factor considerations”, leading to implications regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathology and fluoride exposure (Strunecká et al., 2019, p. 2). The pathological similarities between fluorosis and ASD, particularly concerning mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, lend further credence to concerns regarding fluoride’s broader neurotoxic effects.

In evaluating how data on fluoride levels and calcified pineal glands differ between populations with varied socio-economic backgrounds, trends indicated that lower-income groups exhibited higher fluoride exposure. These populations also reported higher rates of mental health conditions, emphasizing the need to address the socio-environmental determinants of health. The findings underscore the urgent necessity for public health interventions in these at-risk communities.

Demographic factors significantly influencing the prevalence of pineal gland calcification were also identified in the study. Age emerged as a notable variable, with older participants demonstrating higher levels of calcification, potentially exacerbated by prolonged fluoride exposure throughout their lives. This trend aligns with the understanding that “the potential for harm warrants further investigation and consideration given the widespread exposure and potential synergistic effects with other environmental toxins” (Fairbanks Fluoride Task Force, 2011, p. 4).

Examining the comparative analysis of calcified versus healthy pineal glands in relation to mental health metrics facilitated additional insights. Participants with healthy pineal glands reported better sleep quality, mood regulation, and overall psychological well-being compared to those with calcified glands. The contrasting outcomes emphasize the importance of maintaining optimal pineal gland health in preventing or mitigating mental health disorders.

By synthesizing these findings, this chapter elucidates the complex interplay between fluoride exposure, pineal gland calcification, and mental health outcomes across diverse populations. The results unveil significant correlations that necessitate deeper investigations into public health policies regarding fluoride usage and the potential cognitive ramifications of long-term exposure. Understanding these dimensions offers critical pathways for advancing future research and enhancing community mental health initiatives.

DISCUSSION

This chapter analyzes the implications of pineal gland calcification in relation to fluoride exposure and its effects on mental health. It also evaluates additional contributing factors to calcification, such as age and diet, while addressing public health policies and ethical considerations surrounding fluoride use. The relationship between fluoride exposure and specific mental health disorders has garnered attention due to emerging evidence suggesting that fluoride may contribute to neurodevelopmental issues, particularly in vulnerable populations. Findings indicate that among various psychiatric conditions, disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mood disorders may be particularly associated with pineal calcification. A comprehensive evaluation of the literature reveals a consistent trend where children exposed to fluoride demonstrate significant cognitive impairments and elevated anxieties, aligning with earlier studies that asserted that “many studies have reported lower IQs in children drinking water containing 2.5 to 4 ppm fluoride” (National Research Council, 2006, p. 397). The implications of these findings point towards a disturbing intersection between environmental toxicology and psychological health.

Another critical aspect to consider is the role of age and dietary habits on the levels of pineal gland calcification among populations exposed to varying fluoride concentrations. Factors such as age have been consistently identified as accelerants of calcification, which may suggest that older individuals are at an increased risk due to cumulative fluoride exposure over time. Concurrently, dietary influences—particularly the intake of certain minerals and vitamins—also have the potential to either mitigate or exacerbate the calcification process. For instance, diets high in calcium and magnesium may offer protective benefits against fluoride-induced health issues, suggesting that nutrition plays a fundamental role in maintaining pineal health. Thus, evaluating dietary patterns alongside fluoride exposure could yield a more nuanced understanding of the extent to which calcification occurs across different demographic groups.

As discussions about fluoride exposure continue, certain ethical considerations regarding public health policies must be considered. The dual nature of fluoride as both a cavity-preventive agent and a potentially harmful neurotoxin complicates the landscape of public health interventions. There is a pressing need to balance the benefits of fluoridation, particularly in dental health, against potential adverse effects on neurodevelopment and mental health. The Fairbanks Fluoride Task Force highlighted these complexities when they asserted that “the Fairbanks Fluoride Task Force recommended terminating fluoridation due to existing groundwater fluoride levels and the associated risks to infants, particularly those consuming formula made with fluoridated water” (Fairbanks Fluoride Task Force, 2011, p. 10). As such, public health policymakers are urged to consider a precautionary approach that preempts potential health risks, particularly in susceptible populations.

Additionally, it is vital to consider how environmental pollutants might interact with fluoride exposure, exacerbating the risks associated with pineal gland calcification and subsequent health implications. Many contemporary studies have indicated that when individuals are exposed to a cocktail of environmental toxins, including heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, the negative health outcomes can be significantly magnified. The physiological interactions between these substances and fluoride raise critical questions regarding synergistic effects, highlighting the need for integrated environmental health assessments. This is particularly pertinent in the context of understanding how combined exposures may correlate with heightened risks of mental health disorders, suggesting that environmental health issues cannot be isolated from each other.

In light of these findings, there are considerable barriers within current public health policies surrounding fluoride usage, especially concerning the perceived safety and necessity of water fluoridation programs. Many communities continue to face challenges in addressing fluoride exposure, primarily due to resistance from certain political and social factions. The entrenched belief in the benefits of fluoride has led to a dismissive attitude toward valid concerns raised about its safety, making it difficult to implement protective measures for at-risk populations. This raises discussions about the necessity of revisiting the framework under which fluoride regulations operate, emphasizing empirical evidence over tradition in shaping community health interventions.

Moreover, the limitations of existing research methodologies in studying the relationship between fluoride exposure, pineal gland health, and mental health outcomes warrant critical attention. Many studies prior to this investigation have suffered from methodological constraints such as small sample sizes, lack of control for confounding variables, and insufficient longitudinal data. Consequently, the results remain inconclusive, often leading to calls for more robust studies that adopt comprehensive approaches, which include neuroimaging techniques alongside extensive demographic profiling. As the field progresses, there is a growing recognition of the need for interdisciplinary methodologies that marry neurodevelopmental science with public health to investigate these issues more thoroughly.

In summation, the relationship between fluoride exposure and pineal gland calcification, coupled with its mental health ramifications, is a multifaceted issue that necessitates thorough investigation from multiple perspectives. Integrating findings on age, diet, and environmental interplay forms a holistic framework for understanding the implications of fluoride exposure. Public health policies must evolve to incorporate these complex interrelations, ensuring that community health remains a priority amid ongoing debates. Ensuring the integrity of environments and diets while critically assessing long-standing public health practices will pave the way for more efficacious health outcomes moving forward.

CONCLUSION

This chapter synthesizes the key findings regarding the relationship between fluoride exposure and pineal gland calcification, emphasizing their implications for mental health. Throughout this research, the evidence indicates a troubling nexus between fluoride levels and the calcification of the pineal gland, which, in turn, appears to correlate with various mental health disorders. Understanding the ramifications of fluoride exposure on pineal health is essential, particularly in light of its potential to disrupt melatonin production and increase oxidative stress. As noted, “Fluoride, attracted to calcium in the pineal gland, may negatively impact melatonin production and increase oxidative stress” (Mrvelj, 2017, p. 3). This connection underscores the urgency of addressing how fluoride might be linked to mental health declines, including conditions such as anxiety and depression.

Another critical element revealed through the findings is the public health significance of fluoride-induced pineal gland calcification. Communities exposed to higher fluoride concentrations showed an alarming trend not only in calcification but also in increased instances of mental health disorders. This correlation raises pertinent questions about fluoride as a neurotoxin and its implications for long-term health outcomes in various populations. As highlighted, “The presence of fluoride in drinking water also increases the risk of fluorosis. Dental fluorosis is identified by streaking of the teeth which may begin white, but eventually becomes brown and pitted” (Mrvelj, 2017, p. 12). Such observations stress the need for a more nuanced public health approach that weighs the benefits of fluoride against its potential harms.

Future research directions are crucial in elucidating these complex relationships further. There is a pronounced need for studies that evaluate the long-term health impacts of fluoride-induced pineal gland calcification on overall public health. As the literature indicates, the potential consequences of fluoride exposure, especially during critical developmental periods, warrant comprehensive investigation. Addressing the extent to which decalcification methodologies may prove effective is vital, allowing for the assessment of potential health benefits in affected individuals. It is essential to explore how these methodologies might be implemented in public health initiatives aimed at mitigating neurotoxic risks.

Moreover, innovative strategies are required to balance the dental health benefits of fluoride with its neurotoxic potential. Exploring alternative public health strategies that maintain oral health while minimizing fluoride exposure can lead to improved community health outcomes. Various measures can include educating communities about fluoride sources, enhancing dietary intake of nutrients that support pineal gland health, and developing water fluoridation practices that account for local exposure risks.

In conclusion, the implications of fluoride exposure, particularly in relation to pineal gland health and associated mental health challenges, are multifaceted and warrant critical attention. The findings of this research not only highlight the need for comprehensive public health policies but also call for a shift towards interdisciplinary research that merges neuropsychology with environmental health. Addressing the risks posed by fluoride exposure while advocating for health-promoting practices in communities is essential for safeguarding psychological well-being.

REFERENCES

  1. OZLECE, H.K., AKYUZ, O., ILIK, F., HUSEYINOGLU, N., AYDIN, S., CAN, S., & SERIM, V.A. (2015). Is there a correlation between the pineal gland calcification and migraine? Retrieved from http://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/3861-3864.pdf
  2. THARNPANICH, T., JOHNS, J., SUBONGKOT, S., JOHNS, N.P., KITKHUANDEE, A., TOOMSAN, Y., & LUENGPAILIN, S. (2016). Association between high pineal fluoride content and pineal calcification in a low fluoride area. Retrieved from https://www.fluorideresearch.org/494Pt2/files/FJ2016_v49_n4Pt2_p472-484_sfs.pdf
  3. VIGH, B., SZEL, A., DEBRECENI, K., FEJER, Z., MANZANO E SILVA, M.J., & VIGH-TEICHMANN, I. (1998). Comparative histology of pineal calcification. Retrieved from http://www.hh.um.es/pdf/Vol_13/13_3/Comparative%20histology%20of%20pineal%20calcification.pdf
  4. TABORDA, K.N.N., WILCHES, C., & MANRIQUE, A. (2017). A diagnostic algorithm for patients with intracranial calcifications. Retrieved from http://contenido.acronline.org/Publicaciones/RCR/RCR28-3/04-RCR-28-3-Algoritmos_Ingles%20(para%20publicacion).pdf
  5. GRÜNBLATT, E., NEMODA, Z., & WERLING, A.M. (2018). Wnt-signaling is one of the most abundant pathways involved in processes such as cell-proliferation, -polarity, and -differentiation. Retrieved from http://adhd.marionegri.it/download/ADHD_Newsletter/2018/NL_novembre.pdf
  6. CRAIG, et al. (2018). A systematic review of comorbidity between cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved from http://adhd.marionegri.it/download/ADHD_Newsletter/2018/NL_novembre.pdf
  7. EL MAATAOUI, Z., BELHADGA, H., & KISRA, H. (2023). Calcification of the pineal gland and psychopathology in obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: A clinical case study. Retrieved from https://www.saspublishers.com/media/articles/SAJB_1110_371-374.pdf
  8. GREEN, R. (2018). Prenatal fluoride exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in a national birth cohort. Retrieved from https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/bitstream/10315/35502/2/Green_Rivka_R_2018_Masters.pdf
  9. GILBERT, S.G., BELLINGER, D.C., GOLDMAN, L.R., GRANDJEAN, P., HERBERT, M.R., LANDRIGAN, P.J., LANPHEAR, B.P., McELGUNN, B., MYERS, J.P., PESSAH, I.N., SCHETTLER, T., WEISS, B., BOULANGER, A., FOLEY, S., MILLER, E., & SNOW, N. (2008). Scientific consensus statement on environmental agents associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Retrieved from https://www.healthandenvironment.org/docs/xaruploads/LDDIStatement.pdf
  10. NAZARI, M., NASRI, S., & et al. (2017). Serum urotensin-II levels in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved from http://www.adhd.marionegri.it/download/ADHD_Newsletter/2017/NL_dicembre.pdf
  11. KUPNICKA, P. (2020). The influence of fluoride on the expression of dopamine receptors D1 and D2 and the dopamine metabolism in chosen brain structures of morphine-dependent rats. Retrieved from https://ppm.pum.edu.pl/docstore/download/PUMba27809bd8bb40529e88a0f90735bbf8/Patrycja+Kupnicka_doktorat_CC-BY-ND.pdf
  12. MAINIGERHARDSSON, G., IWARSSON, K., & SCHMIDT, S. (2022). Light, activity and sleep in my daily life: Design of an online intervention targeting changes to routines and the home. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/120595079/2022_SLTBR_abstracts_full_version.pdf
  13. LIND, M. (2016). Learning and developmental disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.healthandenvironment.org/docs/LDDResearchandResourcesMaggieLind2016.pdf
  14. UTTLEY, J. (2014). Like Israel, U.S. should ban fluoride amid health concerns. Retrieved from https://www.earthclinic.com/why-the-us-should-ban-fluoride-in-drinking-water-by-jason-uttley.pdf
  15. STRUNECKÁ, A., STRUNECKÝ, O., & GUAN, Z.Z. (2019). The resemblance of fluorosis pathology to that of autism spectrum disorder. Retrieved from https://www.fluorideresearch.org/522/files/FJ2019_v52_n2_p105-115_sfs.pdf
  16. KANDEL, E.R., KUPFERMANN, I., & IVERSEN, S. (n.d.). Learning and memory. Retrieved from http://neuron.mefst.hr/docs/katedre/neuroznanost/katedra_neuroznanost/neuroscience/Kandel_seminar%2020_21.pdf
  17. ZOLINARYOVA, I., ROBAK, V., & KURBATOV, V. (2015). Psychology lectures tutorials and study guides for 1-4 years full time students of all specialties. Retrieved from http://eprints.kname.edu.ua/39729/1/2015%20175%D0%9B%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%20%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%20_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB_%2014.03.pdf
  18. HOLDENBLAT, M., KAZMINA, N., & BONDARENKO, I. (2019). Problemes et perspectives d’introduction de la recherche scientifique innovante. Retrieved from https://repo.knmu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/25209/1/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%85.pdf
  19. FAIRBANKS FLUORIDE TASK FORCE. (2011). Report of the Fairbanks fluoride task force. Retrieved from http://www.fluoride-class-action.com/wp-content/uploads/fairbanks-final-fluoridation-report-4-25-2011.pdf
  20. UMAR, L., ADEYEMI, A.O., & MBAMALU, F.C. (2020). Impact and implication of fluoride in different sources of drinking water. Retrieved from https://www.cambridgenigeriapub.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/CJECM_Vol18_No4-22.pdf
  21. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (2005). Nutrients in drinking water. Retrieved from https://galiparduc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/9241593989_eng.pdf#page=173
  22. SILVA, F.C.D., OLIVEIRA, T.M., ALMEIDA, A.L.P.F., BASTOS, R.D.S., NEPPELENBROEK, K.H., & SOARES, S. (2019). Impact of temporomandibular disorders and sleep bruxism on oral health-related quality of life of individuals with complete cleft lip and palate. Retrieved from http://www.saiddent.com/admin/images/2019-SAID-lit-review.pdf
  23. MRVELJ, A. (2017). Effects of fluoridated water on pineal morphology in male rats. Retrieved from https://digital.maag.ysu.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1989/13001/b22354414.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
  24. HALVORSEN, R. (2022). Arsenic exposure and developmental neurotoxicity: An evaluation of biomarkers of effect. Retrieved from https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/3031298/10101014.pdf?sequence=1
  25. FASANO, A., et al. (2021). Maximum downward slopes of sleep slow waves as a potential marker of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder clinical phenotypes. Retrieved from http://adhd.marionegri.it/download/ADHD_Newsletter/2022/NL_gennaio.pdf
  26. KUPNICKA, P. (2020). The influence of fluoride on the expression of dopamine receptors D1 and D2 and the dopamine metabolism in chosen brain structures of morphine-dependent rats. Retrieved from https://ppm.pum.edu.pl/docstore/download/PUMba27809bd8bb40529e88a0f90735bbf8/Patrycja+Kupnicka_doktorat_CC-BY-ND.pdf

Article Statistics

Track views and downloads to measure the impact and reach of your article.

0

PDF Downloads

423 views

Metrics

PlumX

Altmetrics

Paper Submission Deadline

Track Your Paper

Enter the following details to get the information about your paper

GET OUR MONTHLY NEWSLETTER