The study investigates the impact of monetary policy on the growth and financial performance of Islamic Banks using data spanning the periods 2014-2019 from 3 Islamic Banks in Nigeria (Jaiz Bank Plc, Sterling Bank Plc and Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc i.e., operating full-fledge Islamic bank or Islamic Banking windows). The study employed the Robust Least Squares (RLS) and Panel Robust Least Squares (PRLS) methods to examine the specific Banks’ effect and the panel analysis. The results showed that on the specific Banks’, monetary policy significantly impacted on their growth and financial performances. However, considering the panel result, monetary policy impacted insignificantly on the Banks, which reflects the disparity in the strategic positions of the Banks. It concluded and recommended from the research findings that the in growth and financial planning of the Islamic banks in Nigeria, plans are put in place to mitigate the unstable monetary policy landscape, while also evaluating the possibility of a dual regulatory model which accommodates Islamic banking guidelines of profit or loss sharing
Page(s): 01-09 Date of Publication: 14 December 2020
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The unresolved land issue in Chepyuk ward for decades had adversely affected farming competitiveness in spite of the region being fertile and viable for competitive farm production. Lack of security of tenure on the untitled land had a direct bearing on investment (farm inputs) and therefore to a large extends affected farm output. Despite many researches that had been undertaken on Chepyuk land issue, land and conflict had been widely studied rather than farming competitiveness. The studies on farming competitiveness in Chepyuk ward remains scanty and therefore justify more research on the aspect of farming competitiveness. The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of land disputes on farming competitiveness in Chepyuk Ward of Bungoma County. A descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The study was guided by theory of land ownership in a free society advanced by Ingalls (2012). The target population was 3120, households, 10 land officers and 10 agricultural officers located at the county level. Multistage sampling technique was used in this study where Simple random sampling was employed when selecting 312 respondents among the households. Five Land officers and Five Agricultural officers were respectively and purposefully sampled for this study. The researcher used questionnaires, interviews and document analysis as the main tools for collecting data. The data from the questionnaires, interviews and document analysis was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The researcher used frequencies and percentages in summarizing data. Information obtained through interviews was discussed to support or dispute the findings from the questionnaires. Tables were used to present the data for purposes of interpretation. The study informs Ministry of lands on the existing gaps in the fight against irregular allocation of land. The study also enables land policy experts in the government review existing mechanisms and systems set to support the Chepyuk area residents in dealing with cases that bring about land conflicts in the area and entire nation. Residents were in agreement that the land lacked mapping, surveying and land registration and this triggered frequent conflicts. Cultural norms of the community also denied women land ownership rights. The Land officers and Agricultural officers gave similar opinion. Lack of land documentation denied people opportunity to seriously venture into farming with sole aim of attaining food security and profit negatively affecting livelihood of the residents. The government should reposes illegally acquired plots and re-issue to the rightful owners, it should also process land titles for the scheme. The community should also be sensitized to embrace gender equity on land allocations. This will enable residents to actively engage in farming activities hence enhance farming competitiveness in Chepyuk ward.
Page(s): 10-13 Date of Publication: 15 December 2020
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This study examines the impact of board composition and board size on the market value of listed industrial goods companies in Nigeria. Ex-post factor research design was used and data was collected from annual reports and account of the sampled companies for the period from 2010 to 2019. The ordinary least square, fixed and random effects regression techniques were applied on the panel data collated to estimate the models. The paper documents significant positive effect of board size on the market value of the companies and insignificant but negative effect of board composition on the market value of the companies. In effect, the result suggests that board size plays important role in determining the market value of the firms. These findings are consistent with the agency theory of corporate governance which suggests higher number of members on board. It is recommended that the size of the board of firms in the sector should not be less than 9 members so as to enhance value.
Page(s): 14-19 Date of Publication: 18 December 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41201Download PDF
Mathematics is a science learned by all people since at an elementary school up to a university. Although mathematics has a very important position, some cases show that mathematics is still deemed as a subject difficult to study at school, and some students consider it as a subject not so exciting. This is why the study performance of mathematics is always very low compared to other subjects. Therefore it is necessary to develop an Islam-based mathematics learning model. A learning model that can form student’s character which is based on a mathematics learning being combined with Islamic values. This research is conducted at the State Islamic Senior High School 1 (MAN 1) of Jakarta. This research uses a Research and Development (R&D) method. The result of this research shows a mathematics management model of the State Islamic Senior High School 1 (MAN 1) of Jakarta being conducted truly as follows: Plan, Teaching Material Development, Learning Practice, Learning Evaluation based on K-13. The Islamic-based Mathematics Learning Model is conducted properly with aspects of: Plan, Teaching Material Development, Learning Practice, K-13 Learning Evaluation plus Islamic values constituting one of types of nationality education. The Islamic-based Mathematics Education Management Model is effective in enhancing the quality as follows: Plan, Teaching Material Development, Learning Practice and Evaluation. The Islamic-based mathematics education management model has a very positive impact for teachers and students of the State Islamic Senior High School 1 (MAN 1) of Jakarta as well as puts forward the very good Islamic values being reflected and realized in daily life.
Page(s): 20-26 Date of Publication: 21 December 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41202Download PDF
This study itself deals with the novel “Things fall apart” which is a creation by a well-known Nigerian writer, Chinua Achebe to see the portraying of the relationship between cultural devastation and the hero’s destruction. The entire novel portrays Igbo society with specificity and sympathy and it examines the effects of European colonialism from an African perspective. The objective of this study is to identify the way that the author has made the link between the major themes and the characters of the text. There it has worked on to see the relationship between the hero’s fall and the cultural fall in the text. Further this study reveals a link which creates a sound bond about the social set up a particular set of people while donating hiding value of a cultural reveal.
Page(s): 27-30 Date of Publication: 21 December 2020
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Sri Lanka is an island country situated south of India which has experienced with a large number of refugees and internally displaced persons especially since 1983 due to natural and human induced disasters and events from time to time. This study explores and describes how the displaced communities were supplied with appropriate renewable energy technologies to meet their energy demands as against the electricity generated from diesel generators or by providing expensive petroleum gases which contribute towards environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions while them being comparatively expensive. This study adopted a ‘single longitudinal case study in retrospect’ research approach. As sustainable energy solutions, providing of fuelwood based energy efficient clay cook stoves, solar photovoltaic lighting and water pumping, solar dryers, biogas systems, small wind turbines, and solar-wind hybrids have been introduced to them on an ad hoc basis depending on the interests and priorities of the supporting agencies. The existing national policies do not place an adequate specific attention to the meeting of energy needs of the displaced communities of Sri Lanka.
Page(s): 31-37 Date of Publication: 22 December 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41203Download PDF
Livingstone as a tourist capital of Zambia has developed into a multilingual and multiethnic community because a lot of languages are spoken within its boundaries. In this paper an attempt has been made at taking a sociolinguistic perspective of investigating the local language of wider communication in the Livingstone city of Zambia. To achieve this, particular attention was focussed on the assessment of the popularity of Tonga, Nyanja and Lozi, the three community languages of Livingstone townships. The results of the study were used to establish whether or not Tonga language is indeed the appropriate medium of instruction for Livingstone primary schools and also as a learning subject of choice. A case study survey was carried out in schools and Livingstone townships so as to come up with the desired findings of the study. Instances of language use were observed in selected primary schools in Livingstone. The findings of the study indicate that although Nyanja is not the native language or mother tongue of most Livingstone residents, it has proved to be the language of wider communication. It has also been revealed that although Tonga is the officially prescribed medium of instruction in Livingstone primary schools, many school going children do not use it in many domains. Lozi was found to be the mother tongue of most Livingstone residents but the language is only confined to the home domain and family functions.
Page(s): 38-42 Date of Publication: 22 December 2020
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Currently, consumers do shopping activities not only to fulfill their daily needs but also to become a lifestyle. First consumers shop for products that are useful to fulfill their desires (utilitarian value. But now consumer shopping activities are influenced by emotions such as pleasure and pleasure (hedonic value) which increase one’s prestige or image. Impulsive, which is an unplanned purchase, must be created to provoke emotional or consumer passion in purchasing a certain product or brand when visiting a shopping place such as Tunjungan Plaza. The number of outlets or stores that offer fashion products that are related to hedonic and utilitarian values with impulse buying is common in Tunjungan Plaza. The population in this study were all consumers in Tunjungan Plaza and the number of samples was 70 respondents whose determination was based on the opinion of Hair et al. (2010) with accidental sampling technique. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression. While the results of the study show the hedonic value (X1) has a significant effect on impulsive purchases (Y) at Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya with a sig. count 0.000 from 0.05. While simultaneously the hedonic value (X1) and utilitarian value (X2) simultaneously have a significant effect on Impulsive Purchases at Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya with sig. count
Page(s): 43-47 Date of Publication: 22 December 2020
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Adolescents’ sexual health has become a global public health concern especially in the developing countries. Undoubtedly, parent-child communication remains a vital means by which parents transmit cultural values and monitor the sexual health of their children. Indeed, the extent and the quality of the manner in which parents are involved in their children’s lives are critical factors in the prevention of sexual risk-taking behaviour among adolescents. This paper investigated the influence of parents knowledge, occupation and religion on their communication of sexual health issues with their adolescents among parents in South West Nigeria. The study elicited information from 721 selected respondents, comprising fathers and mothers who had at least, an adolescent in the household; through a multi-stage sampling technique. The study found that most respondents, 78.2% had proper perception of sexual health communication. Parent-child sexual health communication was significantly associated with parents’ occupation (χ2=7.212), and religion (χ2= 6.850). In addition, being self-employed and traditional religion were significant predictors of parent-child sexual health communication in their reference category (OR=0.651, P =0.030<0.05 and OR=0.26, P =0.028<0.05 respectively). Socio-cultural factors still greatly impedes parent-child sexual health communication, despite parents’ proper perception of the need for it. Emerging interventions by all stakeholders need to focus on repositioning parents for early positive parent-child family conversations on sexual health issues coupled with work life and involvement in religious activities that promote parents’ physical and mental preparedness for communication on sexual health
Page(s): 48-54 Date of Publication: 22 December 2020
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One of the fundamental obligations of Christians is preaching and spreading of the gospel of Jesus Christ for the purpose of conversion. In Igbo land of Nigeria, this quest for preaching has been on the increase with more Christians becoming extraordinarily zealous to evangelize all kinds of people by ‘fire or by force’. However, one disturbing thing is that some evangelism crusades organized in some areas are characterized by violent attacks on traditional religious artifacts. The main reason put forward for these attacks include the belief that traditional religious artifacts hinder the people’s progress because they (the artifacts) carry with them the heathen evils of traditional idolatry. A historical discourse of such evangelism crusades held in Amansea, Ugbenu, Oraukwu, Igboukwu etc bear marks of violent attack on traditional religious artifacts. Evangelism in itself is not the problem but the deployment of physical violence and verbal attacks on the artifacts of traditional religious adherents. It is discovered that this brand of Christian evangelism is becoming offensive and irritating to some concerned traditionalists who are at the receiving end. A situation as this when unaddressed could trigger off dangerous crises and reprisal attacks capable of destabilizing the peace of the society. In addition to this, the study found out that violence on traditional artifacts obliterates history, culture, arts, religion, piety and impedes robust cross fertilization of ideas between old and the new. As great and rich symbolic repository of knowledge, artifacts provide successive generations with abundant information about how, why, what, when and where they are coming from in a variety of ways; their destruction is a regrettable loss to every society.
Page(s): 55-60 Date of Publication: 23 December 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41204Download PDF
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This article analyzed the implications of pro-government militias’ participation in the counterinsurgency operation in northeast Nigeria. The militias that that has been engaged in the counterinsurgency operation since 2013 appeared influential in the reduction of the Islamist Boko Haram hostilities in the northeast. Prior to the pro-government militia participation, the counterinsurgency campaign of the State is challenged with lackadaisical performances. However, even as the militias are successful, there is still growing fear that the continued engagement of the militias has adverse consequences on the autonomy of the state and the community. This case study, therefore, investigated the implications of the militias’ involvement in the counterinsurgency operation in Yobe State of northeast Nigeria. The empirical data collected through the techniques of an in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and on the site non-participatory observation. The primary data was triangulated with secondary data from published materials. The study revealed that in the absence of urgent authoritative action to regularize the militias, they will post imminent threats to the stability of the state and their immediate communities. In addition to the instigation of ethnic polarization, the militia will incubate internal feuds, hence destabilizing the peace situation of the communities. The study recommends the government to take urgent measures to verify the participants and weed bad eggs among them. The government should also provide legal procedures for their operations and recruitment process to curtail abuse and excessiveness.
Page(s): 61-66 Date of Publication: 23 December 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41205Download PDF
The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease also known as COVID-19 in the world has become a major public health issues for many countries leading to total lockdown of most of the human activities in various parts of the world especially in Nigeria educational sector. This lockdown of educational activities in the country necessitated the investigation of effect e-learning teaching on students’ achievement in Physics during covid-19 school closure.The study employed quasi experimental design of pretest posttest non-equivalent control design. The population of the study consist of 3264 Senior Secondary Two (SS1I) Physics students in Awka education zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. Sample size of 332 SS2 Physics students were used for the study. A 40-item Physics Achievement Test developed by the researchers was used for the study. Face and content validation of the instrument was established. Reliability coefficient of .89 was obtained for the instrument using Kuder-Richardson (KR-20) 20. Data obtained were analyzed using means and standard deviations in answering all the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that; students exposed to e-learning teaching had higher mean achievement scores compared to students exposed to conventional method; there was no significant difference in the mean achievement score of male and female students in Physics.
Page(s): 67-70 Date of Publication: 24 December 2020
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In this article, the author explores in a short communication the concepts of demand and supply in relationship to the price mechanism as well as the need for Keynesian market intervention. He further explores the philosophical underpinnings of the idea of the welfare state with regard to merit goods and general wellbeing of citizens.
Page(s): 71-74 Date of Publication: 24 December 2020
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This study is an investigation into management of football in Zambian secondary schools; a case of selected Secondary Schools in Livingstone District. The objectives of this study is: to find out how LDSA Executive members get into management positions and to find out how secondary school education managers and administrators can work to improve management practices in the management of football in Livingstone District. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors that affect management of football in selected secondary schools in Livingstone District and to provide educational management and administrators in secondary schools with strategies that lead to finding solutions to mismanagement practices of football in Livingstone District. A mixed methods approach, of both qualitative and quantitative paradigms, was employed, although the qualitative paradigm was dominant. The sample of the study was 128 people, composed of five Livingstone District Sports Association Executive members, 1 Senior Education Standard Officer, 1 Education Standard Officer, 1 District Head Teachers representative, 20 Secondary School Sports Coordinators; 20 Secondary School Sports Teachers(coaches), 40 pupils (football players) and 40 spectators from the community. Purposive sampling was employed in this study. The study revealed that LDSA Executive members got into management positions through elections. The study concluded that the various problems could be overcome by serious involvement and unity of purpose by all stakeholders. The study recommended that LDSA executive be selected based on their qualification in sports management and once selected they must use the fourteen principles and five functions of management.
Page(s): 75-80 Date of Publication: 28 December 2020
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Infertility is perceived as only a medical problem in Nepalese society and there are no formal data of infertility. It is also a social problem in our society as cultural customs and perceived religious dictums may equate infertility with failure on a personal, interpersonal, or social level. It is imperative that people have adequate knowledge about infertility so couples can seek timely medical care and misconceptions can be rectified. In this paper the aim of this article is to assess the knowledge, perception and myths regarding infertility prevailing among middle class family of Kathmandu. Ethnographic study was carried out in Kathmandu by interviewing a sample of 30 women who were accompanying the patients at three fertility centers in Kathmandu. They were interviewed in consultation with infertility specialists. The appropriate knowledge of infertility was found very poor amongst the participants. 40% of respondents identified the infertility is a pathological and only 60% knew about the fertile period in women’s cycle. Uses of emergency pills, late marriage, isolation of couples due to migrations etc are the causes of infertility were found during the study. Despite these, cultural beliefs, traditions, religious faith, myths etc are also found the important causes of infertility was found in study. Beliefs in cultural factors like evil forces and supernatural powers as a cause of infertility are also still prevalent especially amongst respondents though they are educated. Knowledge about infertility is limited in the population and a lot of misconceptions and myths are prevalent in the society. Alternative medicine is a popular option for seeking infertility treatment. The cultural and religious perspective about assisted reproductive technologies is unclear, which has resulted in its reduced acceptability.
Page(s): 81-87 Date of Publication: 28 December 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41206Download PDF
Educationists and curriculum designers are constantly looking for ways to ameliorate his living condition on earth. This explains why in the educational field, pedagogic methods and techniques always undergo modifications. In Cameroon, pedagogic methods of teaching have revolved from teaching using dogmatic method to teaching using objective method‖ and recently to teaching using the competency-based approach (CBA). Competency based education was introduced in French speaking African countries in 1996, during the Conference of Ministers of Education in Yaounde and in Cameroon in July 2012. Teaching Geography otherwise: which approach for which context? This write up focuses on the second axis from passive to active pedagogy. This approach (CBA) was introduced in Cameroon partly because of the failure to meet the educational expectations using teaching by objective. Competency based approach was acclaimed as a more effective approach to teaching and learning due to its envisaged benefits in enhancing the acquisition of knowledge and competences. Overcoming learners ‘attitude on the difficulty in the teaching and learning of Physical Geography (plate tectonics) is a necessity especially with the implementation of the new innovative approach (CBA), which is a learner centered approach. Students sometimes develop misconceptions about a topic because they did not understand the lesson that was taught. Plate tectonics is a technical aspect of physical geography and since most students have little knowledge about this topic, they feel that the topic is a difficult one. This research study is interested in assessing how CBA can be used in overcoming learners ‘attitude on the difficulties faced in the teaching and learning of plate tectonics in Form three. This research work is therefore of significance to students, teachers and to the educational world. This study will focus on the cognitive and socio constructivist theories of learning. Socio constructivist theory of learning is a product of socio cognitive activities linked to the didactic exchanges between teacher-students and students-students. Cognitive theory stipulates that learning takes place using memory, motivation, and reasoning. The methods which will be used in collecting data are qualitative and quantitative methods, classroom observations, sampling with the use of questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Data shall be analyzed via Microsoft excel and SPSS. At the end of this research work, the researcher will propose strategies and methods which can be used in overcoming learners ‘attitude on the difficulties in the teaching and learning of plate tectonics using CBA in Form three.
Page(s): 88-102 Date of Publication: 30 December 2020
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One of the major objectives of establishing Treasury Single Account (TSA) scheme is anchored on the fact; it will wipe out corruption that is prevalent at the MDAs and instill accountability and internal control which is necessary for effective conduct of the monetary and fiscal policy surfeit. However, this objective has not been fully realized as corruption has become cancerous worm that has eaten deep into the fabric of the Nigeria society, and cannot be wiping out by a single policy. However, we cannot deny the fact that TSA has to some extent ameliorates corruption in the public establishments. Despite the above observed rigidities, some key economic metrics have shown that the policy has created positive impacts on the fiscal and monetary policies: TSA makes it easier for tax collections through technology which confers seamless generation and expenditure of the public revenue. While it has aid the CBN in the management of the monetary policy such as reducing liquidity in the inter-bank market, through seamless management of market liquidity, ensuring monetary and price stability and more importantly reduces the use of Open Market Operation(OMO) and the consequent cost. This paper will take a critical look on the TSA by analyzing the different theories posited by many financial thinkers, the positive impacts on the economy and the challenges that may prevent in realizing such economic advantages will be analyzed, and, positive recommendations will be proffered.
Page(s): 103-110 Date of Publication: 30 December 2020
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This qualitative study used ethnographic design (participant observation in conjunction with in-depth interviews) with purposive sampling method guided by the theoretical framework of Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological systems theory to closely analyze how teachers accommodate children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in Zimbabwean mainstream primary schools. In-depth interviews with observations of 20 participants were used in this study. The study revealed that primary school teachers used aversive stimulus such as punishment, harsh or fame rebuke and sharp disapproval or criticism of autistic behaviour as a way of accommodating and controlling autistic children’s repetitive behaviours such as hand-flapping, rocking, jumping, spinning or twirling and complex body movements during the mainstream lesson. This study also revealed that lack of psychological knowledge to deal with autistic children, lack of teaching strategies, Autism learners’ social impairment, ASD learners’ communication or personal expression difficulty, inattentive and hyperactive behaviors, autistic children’s behavioral disorders, large class sizes and lack of appropriate resources were the teachers’ challenges in the teaching of children with ASD in mainstream primary schools. The study recommended that there is need for the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to ensure that teachers are adequately trained, developed and equipped with psychological knowledge and skills to deal with autistic children. There is need for the provision of school psychologists as a supportive way of stabilizing teachers’ perceptions in the teaching of children with ASD in regular classes and to emphasize the use of Teaching Assistants in the classroom to promote effective teaching of children with ASD. Finally, the study recommended that ASD pedagogy model, as a teaching device, should be researched and designed to promote effective teaching of children with ASD in mainstream.
Page(s): 111-121 Date of Publication: 30 December 2020
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We investigated the role of teacher trade unions in promoting teacher welfare and sustained livelihood for their members in Lusaka District of Zambia. The objectives of the study were to; explore how the teacher unions have helped in promoting teacher welfare and sustained livelihood; and determine measures that teacher unions can take to support the teacher welfare and sustained livelihood. A descriptive study design was employed on a target population that comprised four (4) national teacher union officials targeting one (1) official from each of the four national teacher trade union secretariats, 16 teachers, and 16 union leaders at school level of selected schools. Purposive sampling method was used to sample national teacher trade union officials and four school level union leaders from selected primary and secondary schools in Lusaka District. Data was collected through interviews; focus group discussion; and documentary review were thematically analyzed and interpreted, respectively. The study revealed that teacher trade unions were instrumental in providing legal representation of members and in collective bargaining, but their role did not effectively result in motivational conditions of service for promoting enhanced teacher welfare and sustained livelihood. The study recommended that provision of non-traditional incentives such as; education assistance; facilitation of land acquisition; funeral support; financial benefits; health scheme; mortgage; decentralization of functions would have positive impact on teacher welfare and sustained livelihood. The study also recommended that teacher trade unions needed to reposition themselves by re-organizing themselves through employing more innovation as opposed to following traditional approaches to improving member benefits. Teacher trade unions further needed to focus on knowledge empowerment for lower level union leadership structures at school level in order to improve representation of teachers, enhance workers’ education and to diversify into sustainable business ventures that would enhance the union funds, and develop pool fund to be used to empower members.
Page(s): 122-130 Date of Publication: 31 December 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41207Download PDF
It is estimated that two billion (61 per cent) of the global employed population earn their living in the informal economy. Women’s enterprises are largely informal enterprises; it is common knowledge that women are dominant members of the informal economy and are less present as owners of formal enterprises. Women play a key role in the private sector and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Tanzania. Most WOEs in Tanzania are concentrated in informal, micro, low growth, and low profit activities, where entry barriers are low but price competition is intense. This happens while the government of Tanzania has expressed commitment to support women’s entrepreneurship through a number of policy pronouncement as well as specific support programs to empower their businesses. Therefore this study intended to investigate challenges making women to continue doing informal business in Tanzania regardless of the commitment of the government and a number of negative effects associated with this choice. Data collection was carried out through individual survey and focus groups discussions. Likert scale type questions were used to measure women attitude on business registration. Results indicate that low awareness among business women on registration matters, high registration fee, high tax for the registered enterprises, long time spent in registration process hinders women to go for it. The study concludes that the number of women who registered their enterprises at Kinondoni district is low. The paper recommends that government and other stakeholders in business should ensure that they raise awareness to all women in business on the importance of registering enterprises. The registration fee and business tax should be affordable to enable all willing business women to register their enterprises.
Page(s): 131-136 Date of Publication: 31 December 2020
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The purpose of this paper is to interrogate Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s and Osi Ogbu’s subversion of sexism, classism and racism which are elements of patriarchy. Patriarchy is among pervasive hegemonic legacies that characterize postcolonial societies and adversely affects gender relations. Attempts at dismantling patriarchal structures has sparked contestations and controversies among literary artists and scholars in both Western and postcolonial societies. Mainstream feminist approaches have not been embraced in postcolonial contexts since patriarchy to a great extent is associated with colonialism in postcolonial setups. Therefore Western feminists are viewed as accomplices in the colonial project who fail to take into account experiences of women in postcolonies. This paper is pursuant of patriarchy dismantling project but deviates from mainstream perpectives. It focuses on the fiction of two African male postcolonial feminist artists whose humanist and Afroeuropean approaches seem appropriate in subverting gender disparities. These approaches accord dignity to all human beings regardless of sex. Additionally, they encourage co-operation and complementarity between men and women. Appropriate strands of African Feminism addressed patriarchy while Marxist feminism postulations addressed class and exploitation. The literature review focused on critical works of authors and literary critics who have analyzed the two texts and other works on gender and capitalism. One of the findings of this paper is that Afroeuropean approaches to gender are viable in subverting sexism, racism and classism. Secondly, equitable opportunities can be accorded to males and females depending on ability and endowment and not on sex.
Page(s): 137-149 Date of Publication: 31 December 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41208Download PDF
No nation the world over, has achieved meaningful development politically and economically without the input of effective and visionary leadership. It is apposite to say that Nigeria seems to have failed to produce quality leadership capable of addressing numerous challenges confronting the nation. Leadership, followership and accountability is a universal challenge to all nation states; while some developed countries have overcome the primitive stage to propel their economy and social welfare of citizens to a comfortable level, other developing economy are still grappling to grow above such challenges. The main objective of this paper is to examine the challenges of leadership, followership and accountability in contemporary Nigerian society, and propose a way forward. The paper look into the concept of leadership, types of leadership, qualities of good leadership and followership. This paper adopts descriptive approach and content analysis as its methodological orientation. The paper concludes that Nigerian must be ready to ask and demand for accountability if they want to make the society a better place. The paper recommend among others that: followers should be allowed to speak out their mind and show support when appropriate, there should be a good public opinion pool that will serve as a check and balance to leadership since docility of followers can plunder them into dictatorship and underdevelopment. Nigerian government should embrace practical approach to the promotion of accountability in governance and democracy, there must be roles and strategies to promote a set of values of responsibilities from the followers and leadership traits, integrity, transparency, responsiveness, rule of law, and efficiency should serve as the basis for consideration of leadership.
Page(s): 150-155 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
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The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of leadership style, organizational culture, job design, and self-efficacy on workplace learning, growth mindset, and achievement motivation in Bank Jatim. The study design uses explanatory research. The research samples are employees of Bank Jatim class I branch office in East Java, and a sample of 165 employees was obtained. Data analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show leadership style has a significant effect on workplace learning and growth mindset, while the effect on achievement motivation is not significant. Organizational culture has a significant effect on workplace learning and growth mindset, while the effect on achievement motivation is not significant. Job design has a significant effect on workplace learning and achievement motivation, while its effect on growth mindset is not significant. Self-efficacy has a significant effect on growth mindset and achievement motivation, while the effect on workplace learning is not significant. Workplace learning and growth mindset both have a significant effect on achievement motivation.
Page(s): 156-162 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
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Psychiatric nurses like any other caregiver are more answerable to themselves and others for service rendered to their patients. The patients though with abnormal behaviour, have right of quality care and safety and nurses are held liable on failure to provide such. The study adopted a cross sectional, descriptive research design to assess patient relatives’ satisfaction with nursing services in Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital, Calabar, and Cross River State. Four (4) research questions were raised to direct the course of this study. A total of 58 patients’ relatives who responded to the questionnaire were sampled using convenient sampling procedure. A well validated and reliable questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using frequency counts, simple percentages and mean scores. Finding revealed that there was marked improvement of Patients’ health status prior to grant of trial leave as compared to their health status when they were admitted into the hospital. Nearly all the relatives were very satisfied with the nursing care received by their patients; hence, the relatives indicated that the level of wellness of their patients was very good. Nevertheless, the relatives pointed out some areas that needed to be improved. These include; giving adequate and timely information to relatives regarding their patients, improving on patients’ feeding and cleanliness of Wards through frequent sanitation. Based on these observations, the researcher therefore recommended increase in supervision of activities by the Ward Managers and Supervisors, and encouragement of collaborative service between Nurses and Social Workers to promptly inform relatives over patients’ current information and wellbeing.
Page(s): 163-172 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
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The striking difference between general and psychiatric patients is acceptance of symptoms and diagnosis. In a psychiatric setting, escape is a recurrent incident which directly reflects the sign of patient’s refusal or rejection of offered treatment. It can pose serious challenges to staff especially nurses who are the custodian of the patients, as well as the hospital management responsible to provision of security apparatus in the hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of successful escape among patients who attempted to abscond from Federal Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar within the period covering January, 2016 to July, 2020. The study adopted an expost facto design as data were collected from Nurses’ Reports, Incidence Report and folders of all patients with history of attempted escape. Data collected were presented in frequency table and charts, and descriptive statistics of frequency counts and simple percentage were employed in describing the secondary data collected for this study. Findings revealed that within the period under study, a total of 136 incidence of attempted escape occurred in the Facility with the highest occurrence of 52 (38.2%) witnessed in 2016. Among these patients, 86 (63.2%) successfully escaped from the facility. The highest proportion of 29 (21.3%) patients successfully absconded from hospital in 2016, while the Ward that witnessed the highest incidence of 27 (19.9%) successful escaped within the period was Ward 3. However, the incidence of successful escape within the period was highest among male with diagnosis of substance abuse, bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia; and among those patients who were forcefully admitted with denial of symptoms. Considering the outcome of this study, the researchers recommended among other things that there should be adequate number of nursing staff on duty with quick attention to patients’ overt and covert complaints.
Page(s): 173-178 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
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Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have played a key role in Egypt by providing a number of public services (Ibrahim, 2017). Also they have projects that support formal and non-formal education (Lewis, 2016). This study was aimed to provide a foundation for the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Early Childhood Development (ECD) through identifying and examining the role of Educate Me Foundation in Giza Governorate as NGO working the field of ECD in Egypt as a case study. Additionally, it will try to investigate the relationship between NGOs and the Ministry of Education (MOE) and explore the challenges that face the NGOs during their implementing their work in the area of early childhood development. The researcher adopted the exploratory research design. Where he presented the literature review related to the same filed to identify the role of the NGOs in the ECD in different regions, also the researcher used the government reports. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part presents the introduction of the role of NGOs in ECD, and the importance of the paper, and examines the literature on the role of NGOs in ECD, while the second part contains the challenges and the relationship with governmental bodies from a global perspective, and contains an analysis with a reflection on the Educate Me foundation. Finally, the third part contains the findings and conclusion alongside policy recommendations for the solution of the problem. The findings of the study show that Educate Me foundation had a significant role in the ECD, they achieved their progress with the limited financial resources and unstable relationship with MoE due to the regulations and bureaucracy. The study recommended that NGOs should develop open income-generating projects and self-financing instead of an external one. Besides seeking to change the culture of the MoE and its vision towards the existence of these organizations through seminars and conferences organized by NGOs in cooperation with government sector institutions.
Page(s): 179-188 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41209Download PDF
This study examines the influence of art teachers’ operational competence on students’ art learning achievement, using Clustered Students Teaching (CST) approach. Through the exploration of existing relevant literature, the study categorizes the key aptitudes that form an art teacher’s competence and with that, a Model of Aptitudes in Art Teachers’ Operational Competence (MATCo) was developed. Test One of the study tested art teachers’ operational competence through an assessment of practical art-teaching class; to assess art teaching skills of the teachers, while Test Two involved data gathering through a Study-Specific Questionnaire on Art Teachers’ Competence (SSQATOCo), consisting of thirty items generated from the objectives. The sample for the study consists of five (5) visual art teachers with Masters’ degree in Visual arts and one hundred (100) Senior Secondary School Visual art students, selected from five (5) schools within Badagry Township who were systematically grouped into 5 clusters. Data gathered was statistically tested using the Chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study reveal that competence in art theory, art practice and instructional methodology are key aptitudes of an art teacher, that not all art teachers have required competence, and that incompetence in these key aptitudes account for the reason why students’ art learning achievement is low. Recommendations are made based on the findings.
Page(s): 189-195 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41210Download PDF
The Socioemotional development is considered as an important factor in child development. This study aims to compare the scores of (KG1, and KG2) betweenEducate Me preschoolers(treatment) and their counterparts of traditional schools(control) in socio-emotional development domainin the International Development & Early Learning Assessment (IDELA).in the Talbyiadistrict, Which is one of the marginalized areas in GizaGovernorate in Egypt. The results show that in the Baseline results, there is no significant difference between Educate me and non-Educate me. However, after implementing the multiple student assessment strategies that educate me adopted in Sep. 2017, the Endline result shows that there is a statistically significant difference between Educate me and non-Educate me in the domain of social-emotional development. The paper also suggests to complete the assessment and to search for alternatives to ensure the sustainability of the fund.
Page(s): 196-203 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41211Download PDF
Considering the population density of Bangladesh, existing poverty, vulnerable healthcare system and social structure, the recent COVID-19 outbreak control became a huge challenge for the government of the country. Apart from this rapidly transmitted virus, the addition of cyclone Amphan and monsoon flood almost all over the country accelerated the challenge to another level. Immediate after the declaration of the rapid surge of coronavirus pandemic, the Government of Bangladesh has initiated some strict measures to fight against the situation. The aim of this study is to critically analyze the necessary measures taken by the government to deal with this global pandemic, compounded by the super cyclone Amphan and early monsoon flood. The study is based on the secondary data sources which referred in depth views. Along with the 4,634 confirmed losses of lives till now, COVID-19 pandemic has created major impact in the economy that arises many problems. Also, the government had to undertake evacuate operation during the cyclone which eventually resulted 2.6 million affected people. From addressing the widespread of the pandemic to taking necessary steps such as creating awareness, suspension of international flights, imposing restrictions in movement, declaring lockdowns, announcing funds worth $8.56 billion, assigning designated hospitals by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the government has been trying to minimize the risk. Almost 70,000 CPP volunteers worked, nearly 2 million people were evacuated at risk during the cyclone. More than 1546 flood shelters, 387 medical teams and allocation of nearly BDT 9,200,000 cash including relief items were confirmed by the government to deal with the early wave of monsoon flood. In this short commentary, there is review of initiatives taken by the Bangladesh Government towards the current challenges. The study concluded with some recommendations to suggest the possible strategies to resist the growing trend of economy crushing pandemic of COVID-19, and contain with difficulties occurred due to cyclone Amphan and monsoon flood.
Page(s): 204-212 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41212Download PDF
This paper is an evaluation of profit impact of marketing strategies on firm’s sales performance using branded soft beverage drinks in Lagos. Specific emphasis is laid on products of Nigeria Bottling Company (NBC, Plc). The objectives were to determine the profit impact of product strategy on organisations sale volume, to assess the profit impact of pricing strategy on organisations sales market share, to determine the profit impact of distribution strategy on consumers purchase decision. Survey research design was adopted for this study. A primary source of data was used. Product moment correlations coefficient analysis was used to test the hypotheses with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS v. 20). The study found a significant relationship between marketing strategies adoption and sales profit in Nigeria Bottling Company Plc; there is a strong, positive correlation between product strategy of NBC Plc and profit impact on the organisations sales which was statistically significant. The finding of this study led to the conclusion that marketing strategies adopted by Nigeria Bottling Company has profit impact on the organiation’s sales performance; product strategy of Nigeria Bottling Company has significant profit impact of on organisations sale volume. The study recommend that Nigerian Bottling Company need not to restrict their strategy areas to Marketing mix variables but must ascertain what kinds of strategies (e.g. quality, pricing, vertical integration, innovation, advertising) amongst other that best impact on the sales performance and profit of the organisation.
Page(s): 213-220 Date of Publication: 02 January 2021
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In Nursing, quality improvement is a systemic and continuous action that leads to measurable improvement of nursing care on special group of patients. It specifically aims at attaining a different performance level to improve quality by working towards achieving improved and better outcomes. This study was undertaken to assess quality improvement of nursing services in Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The researchers carried out an observational assessment using a quality appraisal checklist to vet and rate of nurses’ performance in-line with the required standard of nursing practices in a psychiatric setting. The assessment covered six (6) aspects of nursing services including; nurses’ routines, nurses’ activities, maintenance of patients’ right, nurses’ general appearance, and maintenance of working tools. Data generated for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Percentage scores were computed to assess and describe the level of performance of the nurses in each of the respective aspects of assessment. Findings of the study revealed that the nurses had very good performance in the maintenance of patients’ right (93%) and other activities related to nursing care (82%). The nurses had good performance in the other three (3) aspects of assessment including nurses’ general appearance (79%), maintenance of working tools (79%), and nurses’ routine (72%). Comparing the overall performance of the nurses based the respective wards, the study revealed that Ward III had the best performance with a score of 93%, followed by Ward II (91%), Ward IV (89%), Ward V (87%), OPE (86%), Ward VI (85%), Ward VII (82%), OPE (79%) and Ward I (75%) respectively. However, the general rating of the assessed items revealed that nurses had poor performance in conducting nurses’ review and maintenance of working tools and equipment; and fair performance in items including; handing/taking over of duty, patients and instrument; punctuality at work; cleanliness of working environment; documentation of events; and supervision of activities. On this note, the researchers recommended among other things that there should be continuous re-education of nursing staff by personnel in Continuous Education Unit and sponsorship of workshop, seminars and online education to update knowledge and efficiency.
Page(s): 221-235 Date of Publication: 02 January 2020
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Though every workplace possess its peculiar risk, psychiatric setting is composed of patients with unpredictable mental state and whose behavior can change to adversity on his/her attendance at any time. Consequently, healthcare workers in this healthcare setting are faced with diverse problems resulting from threat, physical confrontation, verbal and physical assault, poisoning and other potential dangers. This study however was embarked upon to ascertain the major hazards and risks faced by nurses and other health care providers in Federal Psychiatric Hospital, and proffer useful recommendations on the possible ways of cushioning their effects. Six (6) research questions were raised and three (3) hypotheses developed to give direction to the study. Related literatures were adequately reviewed. Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action were the theoretical framework used as these theories were found related to the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design; the respondents were conveniently selected from all the clinical departments of the hospital for the study. A well validated and reliable questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Data collected were presented using frequency table and charts, and were analyzed using simple percentages and weighted mean scores. The research hypotheses were tested using Pearson Chi-square statistical analysis significant at 0.05. Findings revealed the regular hazards encountered by health care providers in Federal Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar to include noise, verbal and physical aggression, darkness (lack of light), poor lighting system, and attack from patients. The level of exposure of Health care workers in the hospital to hazards and/or risks was moderate. Health assistants were the ones with the highest level of exposure (75.0%), followed by nurses (64.7%) while the least exposed among the cadres of health care workers were pharmacists (16.7%). However, exposure to workplace hazard has significant impact and/or effect on the health status and clinical output of health care workers in the hospital (p<0.05) respectively. To cope with these hazards, HCWs employed the following strategies: compliance with all safety instructions, adherence to infection control precautions regarding blood, body fluids and infectious tissues, wearing safety equipments during working hours, and reporting of unsafe situations that are highly hazardous to staff for quick interventions. The Chi-square test of hypothesis three revealed that only “attending lectures/seminars organized on occupational safety in the hospital and beyond” though not a significant measure adopted by the respondents, has statistical significant impact on the exposure of the respondents to workplace hazard. Finally, results of the study revealed that the significant efforts put by the hospital’s management in minimizing workplace hazard were: carrying out strict supervision to ensure wards and environmental sanitation, and maintaining emergency team to assist and provide care to un-complying patients. Nonetheless, effort put by the hospital’s management in minimizing hazards in the hospital was perceived to be fairly poor according to the respondents’ rating. Based on these findings, the researcher recommend a call to traditional leaders, governments and management officials to provide the hospital with steady power supply, ensure 3 monthly fumigation of the hospital premises, employ more nursing and health assistants, and schedule regular continuous education to healthcare providers for update of potential risk and hazard management.
Page(s): 236-261 Date of Publication: 02 january 2020
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Financial management is an important aspect of public administration of every nation and one of the elements that make government effective. Public universities had some disregard for financial regulations, internal control mechanisms and widespread financial irregularities which led to financial losses per various audit reports. This study assessed stakeholder’s role in ensuring effective financial management. Key informant interviews and in-depth document analyses (reports analyses) were used to gather data. The findings were that; the University financial policies were adequately developed by top management but not well communicated to financial administrators; the university had weak budget supervision and monitoring as well as weak accounting and internal controls systems. The study recommended that the University should constitute a budgetary monitoring team to enhance its budgetary system, acquire up-to-date accounting software to facilitate its financial reporting and engage proactive professional internal auditors to raise the standard of the University internal control systems.
Page(s): 262-271 Date of Publication: 07 January 2020
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The paper delved on how tutors of Arts education can meticulously assist learners comprehend imagery and text as regards how the virtual world is manipulated. The synopsis being emphasized that tutors of Arts education ought to appreciate that consumption remains the indispensable basis of the social order of teaching and learning in the current curriculum and visual culture in Colleges of Education in Ghana. Through the tutelage offered to learners to better appreciate the processes and products associated with visual culture, we imbibe in these learners, clarity of how imagined and constructed the world represents, leading to a better articulation of the learners’ ambitions through evolving technologies. Qualitative research technique was adopted for the study in the form of battery of test (questionnaire) administered observation and interview guide. Simple random sampling technique was used to select two Colleges of Education in Ashanti region, thus Agogo Presbyterian Women’s College of Education and St. Louis College of Education. The article found significant association between female students’ artistic production and the teaching of visual culture in the selected Colleges of Education and recommended that Arts Tutors in Colleges of Education should prioritize students’ artistic production even though there are associated challenges such as low patronage of the programme, inadequate studios as well as low esteem towards Visual Arts education. Accordingly, the authors’ remarks on artistic production and visual culture was that “As long as academicians remain astute, there is the need to restrict our precious time debating on the structural deficit of curriculum and instead focus more on its meanings; we would concentrate less on state limited guidelines and more on the interconnectedness of the local and global communities ; we would be less motivated as regards the technical attributes of art and focus more on the fundamental tenets of art ;and more importantly, we would harness educational scarce resources from teaching students what we were taught and more on what they should rather know.
Page(s): 272-275 Date of Publication: 11 January 2021
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Radicalisation and violent extremism remain a global concern that hinders peacebuilding in many ways. As youths become radicalised and participate in ethnic armies in Myanmar, their engagements are motivated by ethnonationalism agendas. Ethnonationalism encompasses the demand for political recognition, resource and territorial control, and liberation from structural injustices and repressive systems that marginalise ethnic minorities. These demands emerge from feelings of relative deprivation and frustration, which force ethnic armed organisations (EAOs) to seek recognition for their local constituencies. While several contemporary conversations conceptualise radicalisation and extremism in Myanmar from religious perspectives, they ignore the proliferation of political violence through ethnic ideologies as a form of extremism. Therefore, a clear understanding of extremism emerges when research questions why and how people radicalise, particularly when the phenomenon is viewed as an ‘ecology’ – a system with interconnected elements. Thus, the absence of systemic assessment of the structural factors that perpetuate vertical and horizontal forms of violence in Myanmar impedes a clear understanding of the complexity of the conflicts, and the motivations for youth indulgence in extremism. This research contributes to the understanding of politically-motivated grievances as a significant driver of violent extremism in Myanmar. Using research findings, it argues that violent extremism among youths in Myanmar is politically-motivated, emerging due to structural injustices perpetrated against ethnic minorities. These feelings result from relative deprivation, frustration and aggression, and the quest for significance, spurring a resolve to liberate one’s ethnic group from repressive and hegemonic political systems that impede participatory opportunities to decision-making and leadership.
Page(s): 276-292 Date of Publication: 11 January 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41213Download PDF
The core focus of this study was to investigate the teaching of Civic Education in Zambian secondary schools and how it serves as a strategy for effective political participation in the community. This study was used a qualitative case study. Twenty (20) professional teachers in Civic Education and Thirty-Five (35) learners in Civic Education classes from Five (05) selected secondary schools in Lusaka district of Lusaka province were purposively nominated through homogenous sampling. One – to – one interview was used to collect information from teachers while focus group discussion was used to collected data from learners in Civic Education classes. The study established that the teaching of Civic Education in schools is positively serving a role of training learners for effective political participation as it provide them with knowledge on governance issues. It was also established that Civic Education prepare learners for effective leadership and critical thinking which are key to political participation. Further, the study established that learners are prepared for the way of life and political tolerance as they effectively participate in political affairs of their community. It was recommended that Schools should strengthen local Continuous Professional Development (CPD); the government of the republic of Zambia to come up with a clear policy that will arouse the interest of the young people through the teaching of Civic Education to effectively participate in political activities of their community while still in school; and the Ministry of General Education to constantly call for educational conferences to sensitise Civic Education teachers on the need to prepare learners for effective political participation as outline in the 2013 Zambia education curriculum framework.
Page(s): 293-301 Date of Publication: 11 January 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41214Download PDF
Purpose- This paper examines the extent feasible tourism regulatory framework can contribute to unlocking Nigeria tourism economy. Research Methodology- The study been an exploratory study, reviewed various reports and previous literature in this domain of study upon which insightful inferences were made. Findings- The study finds that Nigeria can only maximise her tourism economy potentials if tourism regulatory framework gear towards environmental sustainability, a secure and safe Nigeria, prioritisation of the tourism sector, and promotion of health and sanitary practices are galvanized. Research Implications– By establishing five major areas of tourism regulatory framework, the study offers an insight on the need for the government of Nigeria to vigorously purse effort to sustaining her environment for accelerated tourism business development, taking decisive action to overhauling her security architecture, urgently restore tourism to a full ministry status as against the current merger of the sector including, a bold step to appoint experts as minister of tourism. Others include, announcement in clear terms the plan by the country to become open defecation free country by year 2025. Originality: This study is the first to establish the connection between regulatory framework and the Nigeria tourism economy. The study argues that feasible tourism regulatory framework has the capacity to remodeling the Nigeria choking tourism economy.
Page(s): 302-306 Date of Publication: 11 January 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41215Download PDF
The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived effects of drugs and substance use on academic performance among university youth students in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. This qualitative study employed the phenomenology research design. The research philosophy or set of beliefs that informed the conduct and writing of this research was constructivism/ interpretive. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used. Interview guide was used as an instrument for data collection. Due to data saturation, 10 (Ten) participants were interviewed. Data was analyzed thematically. Findings of the study revealed that, the university students’ abuse drugs like marijuana, mandrax mixture and substances like, alcohol, bronco cough syrup. The findings from this present study discovered that the major causes of substance use among university youth students include: home stressors, child headed families, lack of food, school fees, family background parental influence, frustrations at home, peer pressure, availability of money to buy the drugs and availability of drugs. The findings also revealed that the effects of drugs abuse are: poor academic performance in class, school dropout, bullying other students, lack of interest in studying, low concentration and stealing. The study recommends that there is a need for all universities to have Psychology and Counselling hubs manned by registered Psychologists and Counsellors to guide and give therapy to all university youths and the affected students. There is need for the government through Ministry of higher and tertiary education to introduce Psychology and Counselling programs in university curriculum to empower students with preventive strategies to reduce substance use. The study recommends organisation of awareness campaigns on substance use to the students and parents.
Page(s): 307-311 Date of Publication: 11 January 2021
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This paper sets out to suggest a framework for integrating and evaluating extractive sector Corporate Social Investments (CSI) in the business operations of extractive firms in Sub-Saharan Africa. It designates CSI as voluntary programs that aim to enhance development opportunities for host countries and communities to extractive firms in the region. The underlying premise of this paper is that CSI interventions are often claimed to be developmental but there is neither a straight link between CSI and development nor guarantees that this can be achieved in ways considered just, balanced and sustainable. It, therefore, suggests that the extent to which CSI can deliver on development opportunities will depend on the way it is structured, effectively integrated into the business operations of firms and monitored for intended results. The bone of contention therefore is on how to determine development-oriented CSI. To address this concern, this paper develops the front and backend activities approach to integrating CSI in the business operation of firms and evaluating its developmental impact on the target communities. This framework builds on existing literature and the novel concepts of CSI applicability and CSI effectiveness. It also introduces the notion of results-based CSI. This is not only in terms of inputs and activities, but most importantly, in terms of outcomes and impact of CSI interventions.
Page(s): 312-322 Date of Publication: 13 January 2020
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The study assessed the effects of career placement by KUCCPS to students’ career choice and the career guidance information by KUCCPS on students’ degree programme selection process in the public universities in Kiambu County, Kenya. The target population was 3000 first year students from Kenyatta University, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) and University of Nairobi. A sample size of 900 students was obtained. Data collection was done using questionnaires, while data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Findings showed that 82.8% of the students had applied for most famous degree programmes (Health/Biological sciences, Law, Engineering/architecture/ building and construction, Computer related courses, Business related courses and Statistics/Accounting/commerce) showing a high preference of these courses. But after placement majority of the students (72.9%) were placed in Art related courses different from what they had not applied for. From the Pearson product correlation coefficient which was -0.75 and the scatter diagram, it clear that there was strong negative correlation between what the students had applied for and what they were placed for. KUCCPS did not place most of the students on degree programmes of their choice and interest, but they were placed in different programmes. Moreover, 67.7% of the students agreed that they were not able to access KUCCPS website for career guidance and information. To minimize placement challenges, KUCCPS should be working closely with the labour market each and every year to establish the skill gap, so that it place students to fill the gap in future but not totally relying on its laid down policy which should be dynamic and not statics or fixed. With this kind of strategy most students will benefit and will be satisfied with the placement process. The career and guidance teachers should be empowered and trained with career guided skills, knowledge and provided with enough resources by KUCCPS to carry out effective career guidance services at secondary schools level before placement in the University.
Page(s): 323-329 Date of Publication: 13 January 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41216Download PDF
This study examined the relations between Nigeria and South Africa from the period of Apartheid to Post-Apartheid. The study was guided by realist conflict theory by Donald Campbell. The study adopted ex-post research design while data was collected through secondary source such as textbooks, journal articles, newspapers, magazines and internet materials, the data generated was analyzed through content analysis. The findings of the study showed that there were some relations that existed between Nigeria and South Africa during the period of Apartheid which includes; bilateral political relations and bilateral economic relations. In a likely manner there have been breaches in relations between Nigeria and South Africa during the post-apartheid era which now has negative impacts in the areas of political and diplomatic, socio-cultural and economic. Based on the findings the study recommended among others; that there should be high level diplomatic engagement between Nigeria and South Africa as a way out of mending their unbecoming relation that had existed between the two countries and the government of South Africa should assist individuals from Nigeria that have incurred losses to rebuild their businesses that had resulted from the attacks.
Page(s): 330-335 Date of Publication: 14 January 2020
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Intellectual development of children is initiated by education and library is one of the core aspects of education. Intellectual development is concerned with how various mental processes like attention span, reasoning, learning, remembering and problem-solving develop from birth until adulthood. Given this, there is a direct connection between the library resources and programmes and the ultimate development of the intellect of the child. This work understudied ten (10) selected private primary schools from South-East and South-South geopolitical zones of Nigeria to determine the available intellectual development programmes and resources of their libraries. The test scores of 300 pupils in six subjects were taken before and after intensive exposure to the intellectual development programmes to establish their effect on academic performance. The findings indicated the availability of such programmes as well as print resources for developing the pupils’ intellect but very few electronic resources. The one-sample T-test was employed to test the positive significant effect of available intellectual development programmes in improving pupils’ academic performance. The calculated value (24.28177) of the student t-test statistic is greater than the tabulated value (1.6715) at 0.05 level of significance and therefore rejected the null hypothesis that there’s no positive significant effect of available programmes in improving pupils’ academic performance cross all selected primary schools in the states. The findings of the study led to the conclusion that there is a significant positive impact of intellectual development programmes on pupils’ academic performance.
Page(s): 336-345 Date of Publication: 14 January 2020
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The predicament brought by the COVID-19 pandemic caused many people around the world to deal with anxiety and look for preventive measures at the same time. In this study, social trust is one factor to consider. An online survey was designed to collect the perceptions of the foreign teachers in Xi’an China about social trust, experiences, and attitudes in dealing with anxiety. Results showed that foreign teachers trust the implementation of the preventive measures of COVID-19 by the government which leads to social security and social stability. Further results revealed that foreign teachers are having social trust in the state and community but are undecided in terms of public places. Moreover, regardless of gender, foreign teachers’ social trust doesn’t differ.
Page(s): 346-350 Date of Publication: 15 January 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41217Download PDF
Construction affects nearly all aspects of life, including home, leisure, school and work. Building is an integral factor in building an acceptable living standard in Libya, but it faces exceptional health and safety challenges. Building workers’ pay very highly for the chance to earn a living. These challenges and the ways to address them need to be addressed. Libya is one of the developing countries and its various construction sectors constitute important economic components. Although the Libyan construction sector is fast growing and developing, it is still confronted by competitive challenges. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate Career Commitment on Productivity in The Construction Sector of Libya as A pilot study. The context of this study was the construction industries in Libya. A total of 40 responses from employees were drawn from construction firms in Libya. This was achieved using a probability type sampling in which stratified random sampling was applied. The quantitative method has been selected using the empirical study with a designed questionnaire comprised of 26 questions and involved 40 respondents comprising of the Administrative, Construction worker, and Supervisors. The data analysis is divided into three phases: initial data analysis – the pilot study, statistical analysis to develop a model and to test the study hypothesis. All stages of data analysis use the method of Structural equation modelling. The results showed that Career Commitment is not significantly at the level of 0.05, the p-value is .258 which is greater than .05. Therefore, a hypothesis which assumes Career Commitment has a positive impact on Organizational Productivity was rejected. The most implication for this study, Theoretically, the main drive of this investigation was to evaluate Career Commitment on Productivity in The Construction Sector of Libya. Human resource management literature shows a link between Career Commitment and organizational productivity. One of the most important recommendations of the study since Career Commitment was an international notion besides requires to be considered for further investigations throughout a great amount of broader environmental well as researched within the scope of a greater and more comprehensive populace, it is recommended to future researchers to gather data from other research contexts, and to some other industries so that hidden variables can be identified as well as a comparative analysis can be carried out.
Page(s): 351-358 Date of Publication: 15 January 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41218Download PDF
Teaching is the process of inculcation knowledge, values, morals and skills needed to solve both theory and practical problems. Knowledge is gain as a result of access to quality information about a topic or subject. However, quality information can be used as an asset to enhance effective service delivery of teachers with visual impairment in Nigeria and toward rebuilding trust in the educational services provided. To this end the paper examine the need to access quality information as tool for rebuilding trust in service delivery of teachers with visual impairment, role of information in teaching and learning process, and advantage of access to quality information on service delivery of teachers with visual impairment. It was concluded that the role of information in teaching and learning process cannot be over emphasized, teachers including teachers with visual impairment need to access quality information in other to transfer quality knowledge to their learner. It is observed that information access is low among teachers with visual impairment. Suggestions is that the institutions need to provide adequate information resources in a format that can be easily access by teachers with visual impairment, and the institutional based information system should be effectively manage so that the service delivery of teachers with visual impairment can be trusted in Nigeria.
Page(s): 359-362 Date of Publication: 15 January 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41219Download PDF
The main objective of this paper is to present a review of distributors, retailers’ and customers assessment of lion brand Portland cement product over other competing Portland cement brands in Nigeria. The researchers adapt mix research methodology. Therefore, the research methods adapted for the study is survey, historical, descriptive, analytical and empirical methods. The sample population designed for the study was 44 distributors, retailers, and 44 customers of the company’s product. A cluster sampling method is adapted for the study. Distributors, retailers, and customers were asked to assess the product over other competing cement brands like Dangote cement, Ashakacem, and Rock imported cement. Results of the survey conducted revealed that: distributors, retailers, and customers rated Lion Brand Portland Cement product over other competing brands as rather poor. Similarly, Consumers and Customers also rated Lion Brand Portland Cement over other competing brands as rather poor. The poor rating was in terms of low-capacity utilization that couldn’t meet Consumers and Customers demand for the product. The poor rating was also associated with poor packaging, poor customer services and scarcity of the product at depots and retail outlets due to constant plant shutdown and low capacity utilisation. The study recommends that, the company should improve on low-capacity utilization to meet consumers demand for the product. In addition, company should improve on product packaging i. e. the underweight of the package product and encourage good Customer Service delivery at plants and depots to improve product positioning and sales.
Page(s): 363-369 Date of Publication: 19 January 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41220Download PDF
The mass media have been accused of inequality in gender representations from the continuous decline of female reporters to the stereotyping of women in news reportage and the exclusion of women in news source selection. The visibility of women in the Nigerian press was assessed by analysing the manifest content of an edition each of five widely circulated national dailies namely: Vanguard, The Guardian, Daily Sun, New Telegraph and The Nation, published in August, 2020. The purpose was to find out if the various accusations are justified. The study was hinged on the muted group theory which stated that women belong to the minority group in environments where men control power. The visibility of women in the Nigerian press was examined by checking the representations of women against their male counterparts through the by-lines, newsmakers, contributors, photographs, portrayal, beats, prominence and senior staff positions which made up the content categories where the units of analysis were drawn. Data collected were statistically presented in tables and graphs. The findings show that the male gender dominated with over 80% in every content category examined in each of the newspapers. The study concluded that there still remains an overwhelming gender gap in favour of the men in the Nigerian press. The women are the muted group and are almost invisible the print media. Therefore, the study recommended that the media should consider gender reforms and avoid the exclusion of women.
Page(s): 370-377 Date of Publication: 19 January 2020
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The main objective of this study is to present an empirical review of whether Benue Cement Company PLC Gboko adopted a cost-effective organization structure towards achieving its marketing objective. The study adopts mix research methods of Survey, historical, descriptive, analytical and empirical. The Company’s Population consisted of 326 top and middle level Managers and 910 for lower-level Managers. The Sample population of 44 employees were drawn for the study covering the Four levels of management. This consisted of 3 Top managers, 20 middle level managers, 9 First level Supervisors, 12 Clerical staff. The data collection method adopted for the study is through questionnaire, literature reviews, company documents, and personal observations. Data analysis technique adopted for the study is simple percentages, frequency tables, and pie chart. Results of findings from the study revealed that, the Company did not adopt a cost-effective organization structure to achieve the Company’s marketing objective. The company adopted a long chain of command and communication as depicted by the company’s organizational structure as presented in appendixes I and II in variance with empirical recommendations evidence. This kind of structure is contrary to what Schewe (1987) recommended that: “for organization to survive, it should have a shorter chain of communication and command”. The Company’s restructuring effort of 1994 and 2001 did not make significant changes in the cost reduction efforts to achieve the company’s strategic business objectives, as stated in the company’s mission statement as…, “to achieve effective and efficient resources utilization” with the aim to make profit. The study recommends that to be cost effective to achieve its marketing objective, the company should have an organisation structure with a shorter Chain of command and communication and work towards reducing wastes in production activities.
Page(s): 378-386 Date of Publication: 19 January 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41221Download PDF
Organizations are open systems operating in an environment with a multitude of challenges. In this case change has become an everyday component of organizational dynamics and these organizations need to recognize these changes for them to perform effectively. Despite many change strategies and policies in place, Mumias Sugar Company has continually encountered performance below the expected level. Therefore, the organization needs to create the infrastructure needed to plan, execute and sustain their corresponding changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and the performance of Mumias Sugar Company Limited, Kakamega County, Kenya. A descriptive research design was adopted in the study. The study targeted Mumias Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya. A total of 122 participants comprising of 10 organization’s senior management staff and 112 middle level and junior staff formed the respondents’ target population. A census of 122 respondents was carried out. The study used primary data that was gathered using questionnaires. Validity of the research instrument was ensured through content validity and Cronbach alpha coefficient test was used to test reliability of the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation was used to analyze quantitative data and presented in terms of tables, figures, charts and graphs. Regression analysis was used to show the relationship between variables. The study found that organizational culture had a positive and significant influence on organizational performance. The study concluded that the culture of the organization sets expectations for how people behave and work together, and how well they function as a team. In this way, culture can guide decision-making and improve workflow overall. The study recommended that the organization must first understand the current culture or the way things are now, then decide where it wants to go, define its strategic direction and decide what the organizational culture should look like to support the strategic change process
Page(s): 387-391 Date of Publication: 20 January 2020
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:: Many judiciaries in Africa have been carped for their allegedly complicit role in the violation of constitutions and the undermining of the rule of law in the post-independence state. In this connection, an African human rights lawyer once lamented that: [t]he judiciaries in common law African countries must take substantial responsibility for the collapse of constitutional government …. The judiciary in many of these countries deliberately and knowingly abdicated its constitutional role to protect human rights and, in many cases, actively connived in the subversion of constitutional rule and constitutional rights by the executive arm of government. Whether one agrees with this sentiment or not, it is, to many judges, a sobering indictment. It is undeniable that, perhaps with the general exception of the Kenyan, Malawian and South African judiciaries, which have consistently acquitted themselves fairly well and with remarkable decency too, especially in recent times, many judiciaries in the African region are still reeling from the devastating effects of political intimidation that has undermined their confidence to check on executive excesses and the blatant disregard of the rule of law.
Page(s): 392-408 Date of Publication: 20 January 2021
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Project performance is a primary consideration in any project, and different strategies are usually employed to ensure better project performance. Despite the dedicated efforts to improve project performance, gated community residential construction projects still register poor performance. A literature review reveals that many public construction projects, residential construction projects, and road construction projects still register poor performance related to project management practices. This study aimed to investigate the influence of resource scheduling on the performance of residential construction projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling was used with a descriptive survey research design. Seventy-nine gated community residential construction projects were selected, with the target population being the project managers, project supervisors, and contractors from each selected project. Data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to analyse the data presented in tables. The study found a significant relationship between resource scheduling and project performance. The study concluded that the proper allocation of project equipment facilitates smooth operations and successful project completion. The study recommended that project managers, contractors, and supervisors should ensure they clearly set roles for the individuals, teams, tasks, or departments to improve the performance of the project.
Page(s): 409-414 Date of Publication: 20 January 2021
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Successful corporate strategies are those executed well by management, however, the execution of the strategies itself rest on the employees involvement in the processes of the business. It is therefore important for management to have a good understanding of factors that influence employees to be motivated in carrying out the necessary task and achieve or exceed management expectation. The study was conducted in Kumasi Kumasi technical university among the non-teaching staff. The sampling method used was the purposive or judgmental sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to 144 non-teaching staff. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study show that the monetary incentives used in Kumasi Polytechnic consist of Merit Pay, Bonuses, Salaries and wages, Gain sharing, Accommodation Loan and Scholarship. Whiles the non-monetary incentives consist of Job Promotion, Career Development, Recognition and Fringe Benefit. The study also revealed that generally, the non-teaching staff of Kumasi Polytechnic are motivated. Furthermore, the study revealed that both monetary and non-monetary incentives have impact on motivation, however those that have significant impact were salaries and wages and Merit pay for monetary incentives and crèche for non-monetary. In addition, the study revealed that challenges faced in employee motivation include management not knowing what motivate employee at each time therefore failing to provide what motivates them most. The study recommended that those monetary and non-monetary incentives that have significant impact on employee motivation should be reinforced to enable employees give out their best.
Page(s): 415-425 Date of Publication: 20 January 2021
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The current social and political conflicts that characterize many post independent African states is indicative of the fact that existing western modeled national and international conflict prevention mechanisms have failed to provide lasting solutions to the different conflicts that the continent is renowned for. Drawing from the Bakossi ethnic group of Cameroon, this article argues that traditional African societies could offer more effective conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms based on the African’s strict respect for traditional symbols and institutions. We demonstrate that traditional Africa was not a conflict free society but that, the societies had evolved highly respected systems which did not permit the intensification of conflicts. We recount how some of these symbols/systems were effectively used in conflict situations among the Bakossi and at the same time calling for their re-appropriation in contemporary times. We argue that German and later British colonialism used and later discarded these mechanisms in abating conflicts. We have relied on oral tradition and some selected literature in gathering and presenting the data.
Page(s): 426-432 Date of Publication: 20 January 2021
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The role of pastors is very important to meet the needs of the congregation in the Covid-19 period and after. The formulation of the research problem is what pastors should do during a pandemic and afterwards for the congregation. The method to answer this problem formulation uses a qualitative approach by collecting several journals, books and Bible verses related to the formulation of the problem, then looking for similarities that allow it to answer this research problem. Thus, the correct answer is obtained and can be used as a guide for pastors during the Covid-19 period and after. There are five things that pastors can do from the results of this research that can meet the needs of the congregation both spiritually, the soul and physically
Page(s): 433-435 Date of Publication: 23 January 2020
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This study aimed at establishing the effect of working capital management on performance of commercial SMEs in Mombasa Kenya. Specific objectives were; to evaluate the influence of the optimum inventory management on performance of commercial SMEs in Mombasa County, to assess the effect of cash conversion cycle on performance of commercial SME’s in Mombasa County and to determine the effect of debtors’ management on performance of commercial SMEs in Mombasa County. The study employed descriptive survey research design. A population of 70 respondents was drawn from all the six sub-counties. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. Collected data was analyzed using multiple-regression analysis. Inferential statistics was used to determine the relationship between variables. It was revealed that there was a positive correlation between inventory management, cash conversion cycle and debts management and performance of commercial SMEs in Mombasa County. This study is important for the policy makers to come up with the strategies on how to better SMEs businesses.
Page(s): 436-443 Date of Publication: 26 January 2021
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Universal Health care and strengthening health equity for the ageing population is one of the top policy priorities of the Government of Kenya. Although an aging population is the positive result of social progress, economic development, health care improvement, it makes challenges to the growth of economies as the shortage of labor resource, rising health cost, social security, impact on savings, investment, consumption, shifting migration flows. The purpose of this study is to assess the universal health care needs for the aging population. Specifically, the study sought to examine the status of healthcare financing population among the aging population in Kanduyi Sub-county, Drawing from the Social Disengagement and Activity Theories, this study provided empirical evidence healthcare financing influence on the wellbeing of the aging population. Mixed method approach will be adopted. The target population of the study were elderly citizens of aged sixty five (65) years and above. The total sample comprised 385 respondents with a mean response rate of 95%. Data was collected through questionnaires. The results revealed most of the aging population in lacked health financing plan and medical insurance. The study demonstrated that the majority of respondents 60% had did not get health care financing form the government. The result shows that source of financial support, managing bills, source of care, medication and mode of transport and characteristics like income, size and headship commonly influence healthcare expenditure. The finding of the study provide recommendations for policy implication as the rights of aging persons are anchored in the Constitution of Kenya, Article 57, and hence the need for a policy and legislation that facilitates enjoyment of these rights
Page(s): 444-448 Date of Publication: 27 January 2020
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Women empowerment in developmental projects is gaining traction in recent times. The study sought to explore the dimensions of women’s empowerment in developmental projects in the city of Kadoma. To achieve this purpose, the study employed a qualitative methodological approach with use of primary and secondary data collection tools such as interviews, observations, focus group discussions and document review. Findings from the study reveal that for sustainable development to be achieved, women need to be empowered. However, the research unpacked challenges that women are facing, hindering them to full participation in community development projects, which is contributing to the further underdevelopment of Kadoma. Women have limited access to resources yet they have a load of domestic responsibilities and there is less will to uplift them and hand them primary roles in development activities. The paper concludes that involving women in developmental projects and handing them power to control resources has proved to be the best way to empower them. As such, stakeholders such as the Ministry of Women Affairs, civil society, and women empowerment interest groups must take the lead in pushing the women agenda in developments through policy frameworks and lobbing. Women’s perspectives must also be brought in the political access and the cultural systems and communities need to be trained before any development initiative is introduced.
Page(s): 449-456 Date of Publication: 26 January 2020
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An educational investment is the act of spending money on an educational programme with the goal of earning capital appreciation towards future returns. The aim of making an educational investment is that the investment will provide a stream of benefits in future for a profit. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the educational investments and returns on the lives of the teachers with upgraded qualifications on self-sponsorship in Lusaka district. Data was generated from ten purposively sampled teachers who upgraded qualifications on self-sponsorship using in-depth interviews, and observations. Findings from the study revealed among others; adequate responses to prompt changes, natural aptitudes and inventiveness, better health, high income employment opportunities and reasonated knowledge. The study concluded that educational investments made on self-sponsorship by teachers accrued benefits of education or returns and the benefits accrued had positive effects on the lives of the teachers who made the investment. Thus it is recommended that teachers who fail to find sponsorship opportunities from the government can still upgrade their qualifications on self-sponsorship because the benefits of education accrued from their educational investments have positive effects on their lives. Additionally, teachers need to improve their knowledge reservoir by upgrading their qualifications in order to keep abreast with the world’s advancements in technology. Furthermore, upgrading of qualifications enhances efficiency and effectiveness in the teaching profession.
Page(s): 457-465 Date of Publication: 29 January 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41222Download PDF
During this pandemic of Covid-19 in 2020, supports and encouragement are needed in the society, especially in church. Therefore, pastoral service must keep running and serving the congregation. In this regard, the researcher is obliged to explore how Indonesian churches’ pastoral care in Australia should continue, especially in Sunday school during the pandemic. The method used is literature and field research methods. From the results of this research, we obtain a clear picture of how pastoral care should continue and what the church can do to remain pastoral care in Sunday school. The most important thing is to have Sunday school teachers who can teach, guide, and lead their Sunday school children. Having a clear understanding of the children characteristic is also critical, as important as knowing how to run the online Sunday school service. Likewise, parent supports are essential for running the Sunday school as an online church service.
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41223Page(s): 466-471 Date of Publication: 29 January 2021
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The study sought to propose alternative strategies General Nursing Council (GNC) can use in managing conflict among health workers in Zambia. It was a descriptive qualitative design and data was generated using interview guides. Purposive sampling procedure was used to target thirty-eight (38) participants. The data generated was analyzed thematically and the main findings among others were that the General Nursing Council needed to be re-engineered if it were to attend to the needs of the nurses as well as managing the perceived conflicts within and among the groups in the profession; the study further revealed that there was need for the GNC to decentralize its operations across the country so that it can effectively manage the perceived conflicts associated with the nursing profession; the study further noted that peace and conflict related topics could be incorporated into the nurses curriculum in order to equip the researchers and practitioners in the field on the best ways and means of managing conflicts in the nursing profession as well as the health workers alike. The study therefore concludes that the health workers should be informed on the best practices of resolving conflicts that come in the line of their duty and that the GNC should come up with civic education programmes that will support the nurses and other health workers in managing conflicts in the places of work.
Page(s): 472-475 Date of Publication: 01 February 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41224Download PDF
Background: In Nigeria, the prevalence of domestic violence (spousal) among women age 15-49 years indicate an upward trend, from 25% in 2008 to 31% in 2013 and 36% in 2018. However, data also indicates more than one quarter of women in Nigeria as at 2018 support wife beating under certain circumstances. Despite studies linking personality trait to attitude towards violence, studies in this regard seems to receive little or no attention in Nigeria. This study, examines the effect of personality trait on attitude of women towards domestic violence in Nigeria. Methods: The study collected primary data, while adopting a cross-sectional research design. The study population comprised of women of reproductive age (15-49) years, currently married, and living with their partner. A total of 400 women who had experienced domestic violence were purposively surveyed to represent the southwest region. Hierarchical Multiple Regression analysis was performed. Data for the study was analyzed using SPSS Version 22 software. Results: Findings from the study showed high prevalence of verbal/emotional violence (60%), followed by physical violence (37%) and sexual violence (23%). Also, 47% of the women demonstrated a negative (supportive) attitude towards domestic violence. The multivariate result revealed of the five personality type (Big Five) examined, three namely: agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism significantly predicted attitude towards domestic violence. Conclusion: The study found nearly half of the women demonstrated supportive attitude towards domestic violence, while personality trait was an important predictor of attitude towards domestic violence.
Page(s): 476-480 Date of Publication: 01 February 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41225Download PDF
The study examined the profitability analysis of sachet table water production in Gombe North senatorial zone, Gombe state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used. Gombe North sachet table water production enterprises were purposively selected. In the study area 45 production enterprises were selected. The data were analyzed using enterprise budget model to analyze the gross margin, profit, gross ratio, operating ratio, fixed ratio, ratio of gross margin to variable cost, ratio of gross margin to fixed cost and return per naira invested. Gross margin of N288,263,926.00, profit ofN 286,642,401.00, gross ratio of 0.0111, operating ratio of 0.0056, fixed ratio of 0.0056, ratio of gross margin to variable cost of 178.69, ratio of gross margin to fixed cost of 177.77 and return per capital invested of 89.63 were released. Sachet table water production was a profitable venture. The citizens of Gombe North senatorial zone should engage in sachet table water production in order to increase their standard of living.
Page(s): 481-484 Date of Publication: 01 February 2021
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This study examines the Israel-Palestine conflict with regards to the political dynamics in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Especially issue that deals with the GCC new diplomatic relation with Israel and its implication. Strategically, Israel has been able to gain much rapport with the GCC states as such alliance have successfully tied their security interest and concern towards Iran as a regional foe. On the other hand, Palestinian perceived such development as counterproductive for her political cause as Israel remains and occupying power in the Palestinian territories. Apparently, Israel is using the Palestinian plight as a leverage to increase its relations with the Arab monarchs as the GCC states also encountered overlapping interest with regards to their policy towards Israel and Palestine. The study argues that the relations between Israel and the GCC states will continue to flourish as the latter becomes more dependent on the former in the area of economic and regional security interest. Also, Palestinian would hold a negative perception of the GCC with regards to her national interest. It therefore recommends that the GCC states should imbibe a collective policy towards the Palestinian interest and resolve the crisis within the in order to enjoy relative peace and regional stability./p>
Page(s): 485-493 Date of Publication: 01 February 2021
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The study underpinned “Plurilingualism and Curricula Advancement in Colleges of Education in Ghana: Softening the Boundaries between Languages”. The mixed research method was used in extracting data from conference papers from the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and published reports on the subject matter as well as administering the battery of test (questionnaires) to 650 respondents, selected through simple random sampling from a population of 1000. The findings were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, 22.0). The study found that significant level of 0.65 vehemently agreed for the inclusion of plurilingual approach in the curricula advancement of teaching English Language in Ghana’s Colleges of Education. Thus, besides English Language as the instructional language in schools, basic foreign languages like Chinese and German (German Deutsch) should be inculcated in the curriculum of tertiary institutions and made compulsory for all students whilst concurrently laying emphasis on minority local languages for a lasting cultural heritage. There was also significant statistical emphasis towards adoption of plurilingual approach in the teaching philosophy of Communication Skills. The researchers believe adoption of plurilingualism in the teaching methodology of Communication Skills(English Language) leading to softening of language barriers would culminate in: making graduates internationally ready for export especially amongst teacher and nursing trainees; ensure regional integration and further enhance Ghana’s cultural heritage. In tandem with the research findings, the researchers recommended adoption of plurilingualism in the teaching philosophy of Communication Skills in Ghana’s tertiary institutions in the earliest possible time since globalization remains the architect of economic growth and regional integration.
Page(s): 494-497 Date of Publication: 02 February 2021
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Over the last two decades Nigeria has been suffering from serious political, economic and social dislocation in spite of high hope and expectation from the transition to democratic government. Many factors were attributed to the failure to live up to expectation in governance. Manifest challenges were largely rooted in its recent history, partly colonial and largely military long stay in power and corruption added to the toll. Since 1999, with the successful transition to democratic system, so much hope was raised among Nigerians to transform the country through achieving good governance, national unity, economic growth and development. Unfortunately this hope was not realized due to consistent degeneration of the political elites which largely affect the political system and its operation. Manifest in the operation of the state has been political recklessness, lawlessness, lack of transparency, accountability and failure to deliver the benefits of democracy. This trend breads lost of hope in governance, rising rate of crime, corruption and poverty as well as insecurity across the nation. This article interrogates the operation of democratic system over the last two decades with specific focus on state society relations and its effect on national security in Nigeria. In the light of the above the study uses both primary and secondary sources of data and content analysis in the investigation. Findings were that, poor governance, and corruption featured prominent in the nature of state society relations, and has been a major contributing factor fueling poverty and break down of social institutions leading to other social problems, including child abuse, prostitution, armed robbery, family breakdown, divorce, school dropouts, homelessness/vagrancy, malnutrition and deadly disease; these realities of societal vulnerability provide breeding ground for conflict and insecurity in the country. The study concludes that, unless and until governance issues are address upholding transparency and accountability and corruption tackled and reposition state society relations, no measures put in place can resolve security challenges.
Page(s): 498-506 Date of Publication: 02 February 2021
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Every economic decision is motivated by mostly “Tree Big Ideas”: incentives, the power of trade, and the institutional framework. The motives behind the creation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) combine some of these ideas; they were inspired by the neoliberal free trade theory. From the conception to the implementation of the first phase of negotiations, many scholars and international institutions in Africa and around the world evaluated and analyzed the potential social, economic, and political impacts of the agreement. Some evaluations seem optimistic while others are cautious. But most of them failed to appreciate how individual countries’ perspectives can also impact in the implementation process. States are sovereign entities and as such are free to choose whether or not to participate in free trade agreements. No scholarly article so far tried to analyze why Republic of Benin should to ratify the AfCFTA and its impacts on the economy of the country. Certainly, the Republic of Benin and several other states that, are yet to ratify the agreement are still carefully analyzing the possible outcomes. This research aims to apply Cowan & Tabarrok (2013) approach on different reasons that can motivate individuals, institutions, or states to conclude certain economic decisions. The republic of Benin is used as a case study to theoretically and empirically test how these neoliberal ideas can be applied in real-life situations. We have used a mixed research methodology to collect data and investigated the political and economic reasons that would motivate the Republic of Benin to participate in the AfCFTA. As of January 1, 2021, the agreement is expected to come into force, out of the 54 signatory states over 62% have already ratified the agreement. The AfCFTA has the potential to grow the intra African trade by 53%. It is also an excellent tool of African integration. After taking into consideration all these variables and considering the fact that Benin has signed the agreement, this paper argued that it will eventually ratify it since the potential benefits outweigh the costs.
Page(s): 507-511 Date of Publication: 05 February 2020
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2020.41226Download PDF
The nexus among climate change, natural resources, conflict and migration cannot be over emphasised due to their effects on one another. However, the ways in which people view their interrelationship are still few in the literature especially in Rivers State, Nigeria. Thus, the present study examined the perception of public on climate change, natural resources, migration and conflict in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected by administering a total of 400 copies of questionnaire to sampled households using systematic sampling technique and convenience sampling technique in the selected communities. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential analyses with the use of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Findings revealed that a significant proportion of the respondents (90.7%) were aware that the climate has changed over time while the major cause was attributed to the human activities (26%) and end time syndrome (25.3%). Perception weather situation revealed that 87.9% agreed that there is change in temperature and the effect of climate change is significantly felt in the output reduction (60%) among farmers. The study revealed that majority (31.1%) believed that environmental degradation is the cause of conflict in the study area while 26.1% agreed that deforestation and destruction of ecosystem led to the depletion of natural resources and majority (25.8%) linked the cause of migration to environmental changes. The study also revealed that controlling deforestation (17.9%), sensitization and awareness creation (21.6%) and good governance (18.9%) would combat the effect of migration, natural resources depletion, conflict and climate change in our society. It is thus concluded that climatic and economic factors are really affecting individuals in Rivers State and these have caused conflict from one area to the other and have also caused people to migrate from one place to the other.
Page(s): 512-520 Date of Publication: 05 Febraury 2021
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Entrepreneurial intention has received much attention from both Scholars and Policy makers in the recent past due to the realization that the entrepreneurial intention may lead to entrepreneurial activities which offers great potential for employment creation among the University Students and economic growth of the country. Although there has been much interest in entrepreneurship, attributes that might impact on the propensity to venture into entrepreneurship among Students in Kenya is rarely examined. The purpose of this study was to explore the triggers and hindrances to entrepreneurial intentions among University Students. The sample includes the final year students of Chuka University from across the various programs. Using a correlation research design; the current study empirically examines the impact of personal attributes, entrepreneurial experience, entrepreneurial education and government support system on entrepreneurship intention. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model guided the current research. Primary data was obtained through a questionnaire survey method administered to a sample of 120 final year students from the Chuka University. Statistical techniques employed included confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and partial least square (PLS) regression analysis. The results were presented in tables and structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that students’ attitude and self-efficacy plays a very significant role in entrepreneurial intentions among the students. Concerning demographic variables, the entrepreneurial experience had a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention. The study recommends that the students should be encouraged to form or join student clubs where they meet and discuss possible joint business ventures. Secondly, the students should seek information on means of accessing capital for their business ideas. Besides, the government’s social and economic structures should be efficient to ensure that youth have access to cheap and readily available capital.
Page(s): 521-529 Date of Publication: 07 February 2021
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