The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of intellectual property rights on technological innovation in 24 African countries, 7 of which belong to OAPI, 11 to ARIPO and 6 countries not belonging to any property rigths organization. This study differs from other studies with the use of the World Innovation index instead of the use of inputs and outputs approaches. The number of patents demand deposited by resident and the number of commercial brands is used to capture Intellectual property rights. Using first difference panel data, results show a none significant effect of patents on innovation in Africa and positive and significant effect of commercial brand on innovation. However, the study by Zone shows a positive and significant effect of intellectual property rights on innovation in ARIPO countries.
Page(s): 01-08 Date of Publication: 26 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5801Download PDF
The study discusses students’ perception over on-line English Learning from the twelfth grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu. This study uses qualitative research approach with on-line survey method through Kobbo Collect for collecting the data. 86 twelfth grade students were chosen as the sample from 431 population by using the convenience sampling technique. Two English teachers were involved in this study as secondary data.The data was collected using a 25 items close-ended questionnaire and 25 questions open-ended statement for teachers interview question items divided into 6 variables,The general perception on on-line learning, Students’ achievement, Teachers’ Competence, Learning Media and Tools, Parental Support and Financial. The findings of the study were suggested that on-line English learning based on students’ perception generally still considered far from expected. On-line learning causes a decrease on students’ English grades. The burdensome of homework and project from the English teacher in on-line English learning do not accompanied with good material and media that used by the English teacher. The teacher implies their bad performance due to the fact that there was no training session regarding on-line learning before. The lack of proper electronic devices and powerless internet from the network provider also had both teacher and students. Parents were still lack of understanding regarding the on-line learning process that cause interference during the learning session. Although on-line learning using digital media but somehow, students still have to pay for English books, including a way to provide a good internet connection to successfully conducting on-line learning.
Page(s): 09-15 Date of Publication: 26 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5802Download PDF
Accountability and transparency have occupied central stage in modern day government as strategies for promoting good governance. As prevailing democratic ingredients in public administration, the concepts have been subjected to diverse interpretations, application and dimensions by scholars, bureaucrats and policy analysts. The study methodically examined the hypothetical underpinnings of the concepts vis-à-vis the pragmatic forms and mechanism drawing from Nigeria political standpoint. Pertinent data generated from documents and interview were subjected to contextual-descriptive analysis to demonstrate that accountability and transparency, both in practice and theory, have political, administrative, legal, financial, economic and social angles and can be enthrone through multifarious inbuilt-bureaucratic cum policy measures such as election, referendum, recall, voice, exit, executive-based mechanism, whistle blowing, ombudsman, freedom of information, assembly process and judicial review. To enhance accountability and transparency in Nigeria there is imperative need for grass roots public enlightenment, strengthening of whistle blowing policy and the judicial institution, capacity building and effective use of freedom of information Act.
Page(s): 16-29 Date of Publication: 26 August 2021
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The purpose of this study is to empirically test and explain (1) the effect of tourism destination development on the image of tourism destinations, (2) the effect of service quality on the image of tourism destinations (3) the effect of destination image on tourist satisfaction (4) the influence of destination image on tourist loyalty. (5) the effect of satisfaction on tourist loyalty and (6) the effect of service quality on tourist satisfaction in Togean, Tojo Una-Una Regency, Central Sulawesi, and Wakatobi, Wakatobi Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. This type of research uses Explanatory Research. Hypothesis testing using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The number of samples is 198 respondents.
Page(s): 30-40 Date of Publication: 26 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5803Download PDF
The study “peer pressure and self-efficacy as predictors of risky sexual behavior among in-school adolescents in Makurdi local government” was carried out with the following objectives to find out if; peer pressure will predict risky sexual behaviors among in-school adolescents in Makurdi Local Government, self-efficacy will predict risky sexual behaviors among in-school adolescents in Makurdi Local Government, peer pressure and Self-efficacy will jointly predict risky sexual behaviors among in-school adolescents in Makurdi Local Government. The study was anchored on the Albert Bandura’s social learning / cognitive theory and Dweck and colleagues’ implicit theories of peer relationships. Using the Taro Yamane’s formula, the sample size of the study was 400. The participants were all sampled from Tiley Gyado Secondary School, Jewel Academy, Airforce Secondary School, Elite Secondary School, Pardopas Harmony Secondary School, and Community Secondary school all from Makurdi local government. Of the whole 400 participants age wise, 25(6.3%), 17(4.3%), 72(18%), 127(31.8%), 69(16.5%), 66(16.5%) and 24(6%) participant were 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 years respectively. Regarding participant’s sex, 218 respondents represented by (54.5%) were males while the remaining 182(45.5%) were females. Furthermore, 352(88%) were Christian as 42(12%) were Islam religious wise. Pertaining tribe, Tiv was highly represented with 204(51%) following by Idoma 80(20%) while Igede maintained 67(16.8%) as others constituted 49(12.3%). Also, demographically it was shown that 226(56.5%) were of the junior class (JSS 1-3) while 174(43.5%) represented the senior class (SS 1-3). Findings of the study showed that, peer pressure significantly predicted risky sexual behavior among in-school adolescents in Makurdi metropolis [R = .286 and R2 = .082; F (1, 398) = 35.459; p<.001]; that self-efficacy significantly predicted risky sexual behavior among in-school adolescents in Makurdi metropolis [R = .726 and R2 = .527; F (1, 398) = 443.782; p<.001]; that peer pressure and self-efficacy significantly and jointly predicted risky sexual behavior among in-school adolescents in Makurdi metropolis [R = .730 and R2 = .533; F (2, 397) = 226.576; p<.001]. also findings further showed that there was a significant main effect of tribe on risky sexual behavior among in-school adolescents in Makurdi metropolis [F (3, 389) = 6.046; p<.001]. It was therefore recommended that, care givers and parents should ensure that only positive peer pressures are allowed around students. As the implication of negative peer pressure can result to risky sexual behavior which may result to unwanted pregnancies or being infected with sexually transmitted diseases amongst others; school curriculums and organizations should allow for policies and teachings that will discourage risky sexual behaviors amongst adolescents generally (in-school adolescents especially); there should be a watch on students self-efficacies as it is key to what they (in-school adolescents) do per time.
Page(s): 41-48 Date of Publication: 26 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5804Download PDF
The purpose of this study was to establish the views that Geography teachers in selected secondary schools in Serenje district had regarding the importance of teacher research engagement. Interviews were conducted with 14 Geography teachers and two heads of social sciences departments. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants. Two focus group discussions were also conducted with teachers of Geography. The focus was on whether or not teachers of Geography in selected secondary schools in Serenje district viewed research engagement to be important and whether or not they could welcome the integration of teaching and research. Data was analysed thematically. Findings showed that teachers viewed research engagement to be very important for a teacher of Geography. They had a positive view about teaching and research integration. .
Page(s): 49-56 Date of Publication: 27 August 2021
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This study investigated academic resilience, social intelligence, examination anxiety and academic performance among tertiary students in Delta South Senatorial District. to guide the study seven research questions and seven hypotheses were formulated and tested. This study adopted an ex-post facto research design which is correlational. The sample of this study consists of three hundred and seventy-five (375) students drawn from the entire population. The sample was selected using multi-stage sampling technique. The two instruments used for data collection were Academic Resilience, Social Intelligence, Examination Anxiety Questionnaire (ARSIEAQ) and GPA checklist. The face, content and construct validity of the instruments was determined. The reliability of the instruments was also determined and the internal consistency reliability coefficient obtained for Academic Resilience Scale, social intelligence scale and Examination Anxiety scale were 0.86, 0.83 and 0.71 respectively. Data collected were analyzed with Simple correlation, linear regression, multiple linear regression and analysis of covariance at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings of the study showed that The major findings of the study showed that there was a significant strong positive relationship between academic resilience and academic performance of tertiary institution students; there was significant relationship between social intelligence and academic performance of tertiary institution students; there was significant negative relationship between examination and academic performance of tertiary institution students; there was a significant relationship between academic resilience, social intelligence examination anxiety and academic performance of tertiary institution students; there was a significant predictive effect of sex and academic resilience on the academic performance of tertiary institution students; there was a significant predictive effect of sex and social intelligence on the academic performance of tertiary institution students; and there was a significant predictive effect of sex and examination anxiety on the academic performance of tertiary institution students in delta south senatorial district. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that tertiary institutions administration should incorporate academic resilience skill-building into the various course of study and teaching methods, to help students develop the ability to handle academic impediments, challenge, difficulty and stress in academic or school environment.
Page(s): 57-92 Date of Publication: 27 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5805Download PDF
This study evaluates the effectiveness of teaching economics in some selected senior high schools in the Cape Coast municipality. The teaching of economics at the senior high school level seems to be beset with certain factors and these makes it difficult for teachers as they seek to improve the teaching of Economics in their role in nation building. The study therefore sought to find out how to improve the teaching of economics in the senior high school level. The study was conducted in the central region of Ghana with schools selected from the Cape Coast metropolis. Thirty (30) teachers from seven (7) senior high schools were used in the study. The convenience sampling technique was employed and to gather data, the questionnaire was the instrument used. Percentages and Frequencies were used to analyze the data. The research concluded that, majority of economics teachers are qualified with academic qualification of first degree, sufficient allocation on the time for teaching economics, inadequacy of teaching and learning resources, and teachers use more of the discussion method of teaching. To reduce, if not to eliminate, the factors that affect the effectiveness of teaching economics so as to improve teaching economics in the senior high school, adequate time, qualified teachers, teaching training and better methods of teaching should be employed to make teaching economics in the senior high more effective.
Page(s): 93-103 Date of Publication: 27 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5806Download PDF
Cheng Beng is a ritual performed by ethnic Chinese people to pray for their ancestors who have passed away. Since many Chinese descendants have become Christians, the Cheng Beng tradition often becomes a difference of opinion between families who have embraced Christianity and those who are non-Christians. Therefore, this research is intended to provide insight for Christians to be faithful towards their religion and respectful towards their parents who still practice the Cheng Beng tradition. For this reason, research is carried out that focuses on the principles of evangelical theology to address this matter. This study explores practical ways of behaving, so that it can be implemented for all members of the congregation
Page(s): 104-108 Date of Publication: 27 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5807Download PDF
Sunkho (snuff) is a fine ground tobacco inhaled as dry powder or dipped in the lip/gum groove or cheek/gum vestibule for sucking as moist tobacco-mixture. In Zambia, culturally, sunkho was purely consumed by the elderly. In recent years however, sunkho has become very popular among younger women and girls. This study explored where users sourced sunkho, how they consumed sunkho and whether users were aware about health-related effects of sunkho. The study was conducted in Chipata and Petauke Districts of Zambia between March and June, 2021.A total of 25 user and non-user participants, broken down as 6 males and 19 females participated in the study. User participants were sampled through snowball sampling method. The study used an explorative research design with a qualitative approach. A single interview-per participant method was used for data collection. This study found that younger women dashed for sunkho to elevate their body temperature from ordinary-warm to unusual-warmer and for vaginal tightening so that a man enjoys memorable and satisfactory sexual pleasure. Some users consumed sunkho based on the underlying belief that sunkho helps to boost CD4 Count in HIV positive patients. This study also found that other younger female users consumed sunkho under the belief that it prevented them from acquiring COVID-19 while others did so out of need for social conformity with the prevailing fashion. The study found low levels of awareness among participants on health-associated risks of sunkho. Since users are continuously inventing methods of consuming sunkho, exposing themselves further to tobacco-associated cancers, this study recommends that health workers conduct aggressive community sensitization campaigns on sunkho and other smokeless tobacco products on health. Institutions offering health-related training programmes to include the use of Smokeless tobacco in their curriculum as a new threat to the emergence of malignancies of unknown origin among users. Ministry of Education to take a critical step in creating awareness to all pupils and students on the dangers of using sunkho and other smokeless tobacco products.
Page(s): 109-117 Date of Publication: 28 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5808Download PDF
The paper attempts an appraisal of the contributions of the Nigerian Baptist Convention (NBC) to the attainment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). With the use of primary and secondary data and historico-descriptive designs the paper assesses the roles and contributions of the Nigerian Baptist Convention in the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). The paper identified some factors inhibiting the influence of the NBC, in particular, and Faith-Based Organizations FBOS, in general, on making an impact in the drive towards actualizing the UNSDGs in Nigeria. Against the background of its findings the paper recommends measures for roadmapping contributions of the NBC to the actualization of the UNSDGs in Nigeria.
Page(s): 118-123 Date of Publication: 28 August 2021
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Quality and safety standards especially in the seafood sector have been an essential component of food consumption. Similarly, with the increases in income, consumers in developed nations started to be selective on the products they purchase. Health hazards from the seafood can arise from the raw materials used, from handling and through the other stages involved in the processing, transportation, storage and the sale of the food. Most seafood quality problems from developing countries is related to poorly defined inspection and approval procedures, weak technical regulations, and lack of staff for inspection and laboratory testing. Moreover, poor levels of personal hygiene and sanitation, lack of infrastructure for fish marketing and distribution and poorly defined institutional framework are also the causes for poor quality of seafood from these countries. This paper presented the solutions to fulfil the major challenges for seafood exporting concerns meeting quality standards set by EU markets.
Page(s): 124-127 Date of Publication: 28 August 2021
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In the past, many societies have chosen drugs whose use was incorporated strictly in social rituals; the abuse of those drugs became a severe public health problem in this modern society. It is not restricted to a particular society or region but affects all nations and communities. Many of these discovered drugs have severe dependence liability and brought the problem of addiction into a new dimension. All the countries aspire to curb narcotic drug use, and they utilize retributive justice mechanisms to achieve their target. This study has focused on the research problem as the incidence of recidivism amongst convicted drug-related offences. It has been subjected to the domestic retributive mechanism that has been used increasingly in Sri Lanka, and those who were a lower class of society have become recidivists under the existing retributive justice. The study has focused on the efficacy of domestic retributive justice in dealing with recidivism amongst drug offenders in Sri Lanka. The present study selected 100 drug offenders and ten prison officers through a convenient sample from Mahara prison in Sri Lanka. For data collection, unstructured interviews were used concerning both drug offenders and prison officers. The study’s finding reveals that most drug offenders were introduced to drugs by their friends or family members. Further, it was revealed that most of the drug offenders belonged to the lower-income group, and they were living in tiny houses like slums and flats with minimum facilities. These residential places are centres of distribution of drugs and other crimes, and many people were under pressure from their colleagues to follow this criminal way of life. According to the findings of the study legal framework presently in place in Sri Lanka has not created a sufficient ratio of provisions to reduce recidivism amongst drug offenders. The study recommends utilising structured rehabilitation programs for the first-time offenders while reintegration programs before release drug offenders to society.
Page(s): 128-137 Date of Publication: 28 August 2021
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This study investigated family dynamics and substance use disorders among the youth in selected rehabilitation centers in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by the family structure theory. The research design was mixed method embedded research design. Using Yamane (1967) formula, a sample of 172 clients was obtained and selected randomly to take part in quantitative study. Another 12 clients who had stayed in rehabilitation centers for the longest time were purposively selected in order to provide qualitative data. Similarly, 10 parents were conveniently selected in order to provide qualitative data. Therefore the total sample size comprised of 196 respondents. Quantitative data was collected using FACES-IV, AUDIT-10, and DAST-10 questionnaires while qualitative data was collected using interview guides. Cronbach Alpha technique was run to test the reliability of FACES-IV, AUDIT-10, and DAST-10. FACES-IV scale was found to have a reliability coefficient of .723, AUDIT-10 had reliability of .861while DAST-10 scale had a reliability coefficient of .812. Quantitative Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analysed thematically backed by narratives from respondents. The study had the following findings: Most families recorded unhealthy flexibility with majority of respondents coming from families which had chaotic family flexibility (Mean= 24. 4015; SD= 10.001) followed by Rigid flexibility (Mean= 17.4167; SD= 5.1244), there was a weak negative and significant correlation between balanced family flexibility and drug use disorder (r=-0.299; P= 0.001).
Page(s): 138-142 Date of Publication: 30 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5809Download PDF
The academic staff in the university is a vital component in enhancement of academic affairs in any university. Due to the unending changes and dynamics that increase pressure and work related stress that academic staffs are subjected to, they are required to develop high levels of adaptability in their careers to enhance creativity so that they remain relevant. The study was based on Emotional intelligence theory and Career construction theory. A descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The target population was 403 academic staffs from selected universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. The total sample size was 201 respondents selected using two stage cluster sampling. Data was collected using Emotional Intelligence Scale EI (PcSc) scale developed by Mehta & Singh (2013). To establish internal consistency of the instrument, reliability was determined and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.824. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze quantitative data using SPSS. The study had several findings: High means in indicators of emotional intelligence were recorded where the highest score was in self- awareness (Mean = 4.13 ± .53). This was followed by self- motivation (Mean = 3.85 ± .53), social skill was rated the third aspect of emotional intelligence (Mean = 3.83 ± .43) and the lowest was emotional regulation (Mean = 3.68 ± .55). The findings also indicated that there were differences in the mean score of Emotional intelligence across age, gender, education level, type of university and teaching experience. However the analysis of variance showed no significant differences in emotional intelligence in terms of age and gender. Moreover, only the mean of social skills had a significant difference in terms of level of education, experience and type of university. The major recommendation therefore given by the research was enhancement of self- awareness, self- motivation, emotional regulation and social skills strategies both by individuals and various organizations in order to improve job outcomes. This would be through trainings, guidance and counselling and team building. The researcher anticipated that the results from the study will facilitate the formation of an academic staff that are holistically intelligent.
Page(s): 143-154 Date of Publication: 30 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5810Download PDF
The academic staff in the university is a vital component in enhancement of academic affairs in any university. Due to the unending changes and dynamics that increase pressure and work related stress that academic staffs are subjected to, they are required to develop high levels of adaptability in their careers to enhance creativity so that they remain relevant. The study sought to establish the correlates of career adaptability among the academic staff in selected universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study had several findings: There were high score in the four factors of adaptability including concern, curiosity, control and confidence. The highest score was recorded in concern (Mean= 4.24 and standard deviation 0.60) this was followed by control (Mean = 4.25 ± .58). Confidence amongst academic staff was slightly low (Mean = 4.12 ± .57). However the lowest was curiosity (Mean = 4.12 ± .61). Generally, the academic staff were adaptable to their work. The research also found out that career adaptability reduced with increase in age. However, it generally increased with the level of education and years of experience. The female gender scored higher than male in most of the constructs of adaptability. There were very slight differences in mean scores in career adaptability based on the type of university. However, a higher level of adaptability was noted in academic staff in private university compared to their counterparts in public university. The study therefore recommended that employers look out for levels of concern, curiosity, confidence and control of employees during recruitment so as to get adaptable employees. Self -awareness for employees is necessary to help determine their levels of adaptability. Employers too must prompt acquisition of soft skills in the employees in order to help their employees be more adaptable and hence perform better in their duties.
Page(s): 155-165 Date of Publication: 30 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5811Download PDF
The study assessed the palm products uses and sustainable practices in selected States of Southern Nigeria. The study adopted the use of cross sectional research design and made use of 560 structured copies of questionnaire to elicit information from the oil palm farmers and producers using purposive and random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics were used for analyzing the data. Findings showed that oil palm tree has various uses which are apparently and diverse in the study area among which included palm oil, palm kernel oil, brooms, palm wine, building, local baskets, mushroom growth and cooking materials. Results also showed that 53.8% of oil palm famers practiced monocropping while 46.2% engaged in intercropping. However, 3.6% intercropped oil palm with plantain; 38.5% with cassava/cocoyam; 2.3% with banana while 1.7% with vegetables. Findings showed majority (>70%) of sampled oil palm producers frequently carry out oil palm practices which included excessive use of fertilizers, burning of forested lands, extending of oil palm farm, use of empty fruit bunches.. Furthermore, results also indicated that that oil palm producers’ (95.2%) rarely treats their liquid waste from initial processing before its final release into the environment; and this practice is not conducive for the environment as this can pollute the environment. More than 75% of respondents agreed that lack of government intervention, high cost of labour, lack of storage capacity, shortage of land, technical and economic inefficiencies, poor road network link road, poor electrical supply inadequate credit facility, heavy use of manual processing techniques and inadequate research to improve oil palm business were the challenges being faced by the oil palm farmers. The study concluded that the practices employed for oil palm production among were not sustainable because of deforestation practices, and forest conversion practices lead to degradation of forests without adequate replacement strategies. The study recommended among others that government should create enlightenment programmes that are directed at educating oil palm farmers as regards conservation strategies that will promote sustainable practices in the face of meeting increasing demands.
Page(s): 166-174 Date of Publication: 30 August 2021
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: The increase in levels of psychological distress among adolescents due to different factors are alarming, however since most adolescents are attending school. This study worked to establish the relationship between academic expectations and psychological distress experienced by adolescents in private secondary schools in Nairobi County Kenya. Specific objective was to determine if teachers’ academic expectations contribute to psychological distress among adolescents in private secondary schools in Nairobi County. Ecological Systems Theory founded by Urie Bronfen brenner in 1979 and General Strain Theory founded by Robert Agnew in 1992 anchored the study. A convergent parallel mixed method design was adopted, which involved descriptive survey and phenomenological methods for quantitative and qualitative enquiries respectively. A total sample of 387 respondents from 28 private secondary schools was used which included 380 students and 7 guidance and counseling teachers sampled through simple random, proportionate, and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis specifically chi-square and correlation using SPSS version 22 .The qualitative data from guidance and counseling teachers was analyzed using content analysis. The results were then presented using tables for quantitative data, and data collected through semi-structured interviews was presented through quotes and narrative descriptions. The findings showed that adolescents experienced academic expectations from teachers. Teachers’ academic expectation was significantly influenced by age and mothers’ educational level. In relation to psychological distress, teachers’ academic expectations had a weak positive relationship with anxiety, stress and depression symptoms. .
Page(s): 175-181 Date of Publication: 30 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5812Download PDF
This study examined students’ learning competences of biology practical skills during dissection of animal specimen-Frog/Toad in A’level secondary schools in Kinondoni and Bagamoyo district. Mixed method approach and case study design were employed. Biology practical sessions were examined in 10 secondary schools, five from each district. Participants involved 10 form six biology students and 2 teachers from each school. Data were collected through interview with teachers, focus group discussion with students and participatory observation. Sampling was purposively to teachers and randomly to students. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed thematically and descriptively respectively. Findings includes: A’level students were not competent in dissecting frog. Students lack practical technical skills in dissection, lack clear knowledge on the internal features of frog, lack knowledge on the ethics of dissection processes, lack familiarity of some dissecting materials and skills in using dissecting tools. There was limited practical guides and facilities needed for dissection. The study concludes that teachers need to be trained on how to teach practical lessons. The study recommend the government to supply guides and dissecting kits to all schools and make a follow on what and how students are learning practical lessons.
Page(s): 182-189 Date of Publication: 30 August 2021
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is any sexual act between an adult and a minor or between two minors where one exerts power over the other. The goal for this research was to Investigate legal status of CSA in early childhood education. This study used a descriptive survey design and the sampling technique was purposive. It was based in Nairobi City County. The target population comprised of sexually abused children, their parents/guardians and policy makers. The total sample size was ninety-five (95) respondents who included forty-five (45) children who had experienced CSA and forty-five (45) of their parents/guardians and five (5) policy makers/key informants. The research used an interview schedule which was piloted on a randomly selected sample of five (5) children aged 5-8 years who had experienced CSA and their parents/guardians as well as one key informant at Child line Kenya. Cross validity was determined through peer feedback and content validity through expert opinion. Reliability was established through pilot testing of the research instrument to ensure clarity and adequacy of items. The study yielded qualitative data which was analyzed thematically guided by the study goal. Further, descriptive statistics were generated using percentages. Results were presented in figures and texts. Policy makers and parents/ care givers were interviewed on this, their responses revealed that they construed the constitution of Kenya 2010 as a key legislation that guided all other legislations, hence there is need to review all other legislations and align them to the new constitution. Regarding the children’s act 2001, the respondents stated that teachers need to be included as key role players in child protection. The Sexual Offences Act 2006 was construed as a key legislation in protecting children, and should be implemented and more stringent measures added to apprehend offenders. The Evidence Act 2009 requires that evidence be given regarding a CSA offence, going to court to give evidence was traumatizing to all involved. The criminal procedure code 2012 was decried as it gave perpetrators the bail option. The study recommended protection and strengthening of the family unit, training of stakeholders on CSA prevention. Inclusion of age-appropriate life skills in school curriculums and teacher training programs on signs of CSA, assessment, reporting procedures, withdrawal of the bail option for those accused of CSA, introduction of stringent measures and operationalization of relevant legislations. This was therefore a significant study as it yielded recommendations for both policy and practice.
Page(s): 190-194 Date of Publication: 31 August 2021
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The purpose of the Rice Tariffication Law implementation is to help consumers with rising prices of rice and supporting local farmers. In particular, this research looks on how farmers in the Municipality of Carmen, Davao del Norte perceive and react to the implementation of the Rice Tariffication Law. The qualitative research method was applied in this study. Furthermore, data collection took place in Barangay Ising, Carmen Municipality, Davao del Norte, Philippines. This study employed Snowball sampling was used in this study, which included seven (7) rice farmers in the area who have been cultivating for more than five (5) years. For data collection, the researchers created an interview guide questionnaire. The findings highlighted eleven (11) emerging major themes gleaned from farmers’ perspectives on the implementation of the Rice Tariffication Law. The following are the emergent themes generated from the acquired data: 1) Provision of Seeds and Fertilizers, 2) Seminars and Training for Farmers, 3) Calamity Insurance 4) Imbalanced Price Level of Harvested Rice and Farm Inputs, 5) Bureaucratic Red Tape, 6) Conflict Against Imported Rice, 7) Farm Plan, 8) Farm Budgeting, 9) Autarky, 10) Farmer’s Outcry to the Government, and 11) Farmer’s Perspectives on the Effects of the RTL to the Consumers. The outcomes assist the community and government in comprehending underlying implications of the Rice Tariffication Law on the farmers.
Page(s): 195-203 Date of Publication: 31 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5813Download PDF
The inability of various levels of government in Nigeria to fulfil their obligations in the provision of social services has resulted in the emergence of the private sector as an active participant in the delivery of social services in Nigeria. Even though the provision of social services has historically been considered exclusively state function, the 1990s saw the emergence of the private sector involvement in the provision of social services. This paper examines the role of the private sector as either a partner or a separate entity in delivering social services in Nigeria and assess the effect of private sector on the provision of social services. Data for this study were drawn from questionnaire, interviews and observation obtained from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), civil societies (CSOs), community based organisations (CBOs) and local and state Governments’ agencies saddled with provision of social services in the country. The results showed that the private sector is emerging as important players and is increasingly providing social services. The results also revealed increasing role of the private sector in the management and delivery of social services in Nigeria. The paper concluded that a framework for further cooperation will promote public-private partnership (PPP) in delivering social services in Nigeria.
Page(s): 204-212 Date of Publication: 31 August 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5814Download PDF
An employee who displays organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is likely to have high job performance because he/she requires minimal monitoring from their supervisors. It is therefore important to isolate antecedents of OCB. In this study we use Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Paine and Bachrach’s (2000) model, of OCB to isolate antecedents of OCB among academic staff in universities in Uganda. According the model, we postulate that OCB is a function of employee characteristics, task characteristics, organizational characteristics, and leadership behavior. In this paper, we give the background of the study, the problem; study objectives and significance. We also review literature related to the objectives and draw hypotheses thereof. Using a positivism approach, we suggest the methodology we shall use to test hypotheses.
Page(s): 213-218 Date of Publication: 02 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5846Download PDF
This work examined some lapses in the translation of product adverts and news items in selected media stations in the Sokoto metropolis. The main aim of this research is to examine the lapses evident in translation from English to Hausa in selected broadcast media. The specific objectives of the study are: to identify translation lapses made in commercial advertisements in the three selected broadcast media in Sokoto, to determine the nature of the lapses and to identify ways of overcoming such lapses. This study adopted mixed method using both quantitative and qualitative data. At the end, the research found lapse in spelling, problems of word division, lack of conformity and misuse of words. Also the study found basic translation issues of form, invariance and equivalence, which determine whether the meaning contained in the source language is actually transferred into the receptor language. Furthermore, the research found lapses in commercial adverts from English to Hausa and vice-versa because of the differences in the language structures and cultures. Lastly the study found that the source (English) and the target (Hausa) languages continue to blur effective translation in broadcast media. The research therefore recommends that translators should ensure that the meaning of the message is preserved no matter its nature. The translator should reconsider lexical selection when translating because that is one of the major challenges, and ensure that they use the right syntax in order to reduce lapses in translation. .
Page(s): 219-230 Date of Publication: 02 September 2021
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This study explored the practices and challenges in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic of a barangay government unit. The study used a qualitative case study method of research. This study was conducted at Barangay Nanyo, Panabo City Davao del Norte, Philippines. There were six participants responded in this research through a validated interview-guide questions. The results have shown that the practices and challenges of Barangay Nanyo in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic were focused on the implementation of safety and security protocols, communication among members of the society, and the availability of resources needed in times of lockdown. The study also revealed that to cope up with those challenges, the barangay has the initiative to come up with solutions with the help of the people’s cooperation and participation that became a big part of the success of the unit is having a zero active case since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic in the country. The result of the study may be used as a basis for higher- authorities in crafting recommendations for other barangay government units. This will also assist other barangays officials in managing the pandemic situations in their community
Page(s): 231-240 Date of Publication: 02 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5815Download PDF
This study investigated family dynamics and substance use disorders among the youth in selected rehabilitation centers in Nairobi County, Kenya. Using Yamane (1967) formula, a sample of 172 clients was obtained and selected randomly to take part in quantitative study. Another 12 clients who had stayed in rehabilitation centers for the longest time were purposively selected in order to provide qualitative data. Similarly, 10 parents were conveniently selected in order to provide qualitative data. Therefore the total sample size comprised of 196 respondents. Quantitative data was collected using FACES-IV, AUDIT, and DAST-10 questionnaires while qualitative data was collected using interview guides. Cronbach Alpha technique was run to test the reliability of FACES-IV, AUDIT, and DAST-10. FACES-IV scale was found to have a reliability coefficient of .723, AUDIT had reliability of .861while DAST-10 scale had a reliability coefficient of .812. Quantitative Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analysed thematically backed by narratives from respondents. The study had the following findings, most respondents came from families with unhealthy cohesion (disengaged family cohesion (Mean= 25.4545; SD= 9.3575), there was a strong negative and significant correlation between disengaged family cohesion and drug use disorder (r=-0.527; P= 0.000).
Page(s): 241-246 Date of Publication: 02 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5816Download PDF
The Rampal power plant, also known as the Maitree Super Thermal Power Project, is a proposed coal-fired power plant in Rampal near Sundarban, the largest mangrove forest of the world, Khulna division, Bangladesh. Environmentalists objected to the construction many times but the government still could not reach any final decisions about the replacement of the powerplant. As Sundarban is listed in the world heritage site, UNESCO is also perturbate to the matter: already many have been agreed putting Sundarban in endangered list. The aim of this paper is to establish a broad overview how built form responsible for biodiversity loss and ecosystem deterioration. Rampal power plant and Sundarban mangrove forest has been selected for this study. A general analysis and overview have been generated from secondary resources. The study confirms that Sundarban Mangroves is already facing biodiversity loss due to intensified shrimp cultivation, increased dependency on forest and illicit felling, changing land use pattern, oil spillage, and pollution, forest fire, improper management practices, plant diseases, tourism activities, upstream withdrawal of river water, salinity intrusion, climate change, and some natural causes where the implementation of coal based power plant will be acting as major reason for serious ecological and environmental hazard. Therefore, some recommendations have given to minimize the negative impact on the ecosystem. The outcome of the study is expected to make the authorities and people aware of the biodiversity loss and ecosystem deterioration of the Sundarban forest and they have specific responsibilities to protect and maintain this area. It will also raise awareness on the settlement of any built form like Rampal power plants near this sensitive area among authorities, engineers, architects & planners.
Page(s): 247-255 Date of Publication: 02 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5817Download PDF
This article purposed to analyze the farmer’s behaviour to apply advanced farming technology in the order to solve the gaps and improve quality control at the farm level. The survey conducted in An Giang province of the MRD to discuss the farmers’ behavior and willingness to improve their farming practices towards the advanced farming technology. The data collection was taken up by conducting a survey of 100 farmers (50 traditional farmers and 50 fish cooperative members). Chau Phu district of An Giang province is selected to do a survey due to Chau Phu district was one of the early adopters of Pangasius pond aquaculture. Hence, this district has a large number of Pangasius ponds, many that have been in use for over 15 years. By choosing an established area like this, there is an opportunity to evaluate potentially more established and stabilized farming practices. The gaps analysis showed differences in farming practices between the traditional farming system and the advanced farming technology including farming production factors such as fingerlings, feeds, and veterinary drugs for fish disease treatment and fish culture conditions such as waste-water treatment system. The advanced farming technology fulfilled the requirements with respect to quality and safety such as certified fingerlings, industrial feeds, waste-water treatment system and proper disease treatment. Based on the analysis, the question how small-scale farmers can improve their practice and satisfy the quality requirements is answered.
Page(s): 256-257 Date of Publication: 02 September 2021
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In Sri Lankan context Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role and contribute in significantly to the economic growth and social development through job creation, poverty alleviation and new business development, but on the other hand there are many failures of SMEs due to poor record keeping practices, inaccurate accounting information, reason to inaccurate financial performance and to make poor financial decisions. Therefore, many of SMEs die off soon after their establishments and face financial and management challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of accounting record keeping practices on financial performance of SMEs in Anuradhapura district. Preparing accounting records (PAR), preparing financial statements (PFS), computer utilization (CU) and respondents’ perception (RP) used as independent variables to measure the accounting record keeping practices. Financial performance (FP) was used as the dependent variable of this study. The research was based on the quantitative research method and the data were collected from 152 SMEs in Anuradhapura district using a structured. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis used to analyze collected data according to SPSS 25 version. Results revealed that accounting record keeping practices show a positive effect on financial performance of SMEs and preparing financial statements have a significant effect on SMEs financial performance. So, SMEs should highly concern about record keeping practices as one of the tool to improve and increase the financial performance and relevant authorities should develop specific guidelines and must provide templates of account record keeping practices for SMEs to make them very easier and familiar with account practices.
Page(s): 258-264 Date of Publication: 03 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5818Download PDF
Transactional and transformational leadership styles have been adopted by most organizations, but there exists a controversy as to which of the two leadership styles is the most appropriate and acceptable for organizational effectiveness and competitiveness. A survey of pertinent research on transactional and transformational leadership styles is included in this study. According to the findings, transformational leadership is more important than transactional leadership in specific situations. Transactional leadership has been demonstrated to have a considerable positive impact on organizational performance in different circumstances. As a result, both leadership styles were shown to be useful to businesses and could be used separately or in combination, depending on the context of the organization and the task at hand.
Page(s): 265-272 Date of Publication: 03 September 2021
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Quality, sustainability and development is at the heart of higher education systems the world over. What takes place in the teaching and learning environments is fundamentally important to the well-being of the learners. Quality higher education seeks to provide for sustainable development and thus satisfies learning needs and enriches the lives of learners and their overall experience of living. Education for sustainable development just like quality in education, empowers learners to take informed decisions and responsible action for environmental integrity, economic viability and a just society, for present and future generations, while respecting cultural diversity. The aim of this article is to explore the complexity of raising higher education quality in Zimbabwe and suggesting strategies of strengthening quality, sustainability and development in higher education. Specific focus on the article is on sustainable development goal 4 which proposes that education quality is the key to achieving sustainable development and encouraging the integration of Education for sustainable development in teaching and learning.
Page(s): 273-285 Date of Publication: 03 September 2021
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Women are the epitome of strength, love, sacrifice and courage. The role of women in today’s world has changed significantly and for better. Earlier they were under the shadow of a husband or a father, but now they have established their own identity and are independent. Education is an important key to success. With the encouragement of co-education, women are now marching side by side with men, in every walk of life. Women are now self-sufficient, well aware and financially independent. They have attained immense success in every field, whether it’s sports, politics or academics. The 21st century has brought a new hope and has empowered women during a positive manner. Empowering women would become more pertinent if women were well informed and educated. The role of women has changed tremendously and that they are able to create a positive impression within the society. From housewives to CEOs, the transition are often seen at an accelerating rate. Modernization and therefore the advent of the latest technology have widened hope and opportunities for them. They have established themselves socially, politically and economically in almost every field. Women are no longer considered unfit or weak for military or for other defense forces. Still the women of India are relatively disempowered and they enjoy somewhat lower status than that of men in spite of many efforts undertaken by government. Now this study attempts to know the problems and challenges faced by women in India. .
Page(s): 286-288 Date of Publication: 03 September 2021
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COVID-19 is a global concern affecting the educational system in Higher Education Institution. As such Quipper-LMS became a resource in delivering quality education in the new normal learning. This study paved to examine students acceptance in Quipper-LMS as new way to deliver learning among students in UM Panabo. Results showed that there is a high acceptance of Quipper-LMS in terms of social influence, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions. This is also affirmed from the qualitative responses of students, however sensitivity of the system be address.
Page(s): 289-291 Date of Publication: 03 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5819Download PDF
This article describes a new idea of how the level of intervention in household empowerment policies is based on an empirical study of the magnitude of the negative impact of the smallholder palm oil replanting (SPR) program. One of the negative impacts of this program is the temporary loss of income (TLI) for farmer households due to the cessation of production of oil palm fruit bunches. The household survey research was conducted in three village centers for smallholder oil palm plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia. The research result shows that the average potential TLI in each household if replanting palm oil is carried out is IDR 2,364,644/ month (equivalent to 74.55% of the oil palm household income or 39.78% of the regional economy), Purwodadi Village is the village most vulnerable to regional economic disturbances due to the high potential for TLI, reaching 99.43% of the oil palm household income and 67.06% of the regional economy. The level of TLI is influenced by factors of age and area of old oil palm plants, the proportion of households that will undergo the replanting process, and the level of dependence of regions on oil palm. The high investment in the oil palm replanting process and the fear of losing income are thought to be factors causing households to delay replanting oil palm plantations that have reached unproductive age. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that there is still a need for innovation and expansion of empowerment to encourage household readiness in facing the SPR program.
Page(s): 292-302 Date of Publication: 04 September 2021
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Bangladesh Tea Industry dates back 1856 when British companies established this agrobased industry in hilly area of Sylhet and Chittagong districts. To clean jungle, to make nurseries and to nurture the nurseries at a certain level, then transferring the tea plants from nurseries to plantation which constitutes continuous whole the year-round work, they need regimented work force who would work in the tea plantation for generations, they migrated workers from famine prone areas of India alluring them to enjoy a better life earning wages working in tea estates. The migrated workers succumbed their allurement and last 170 years they are still working generations to generation in tea estates with meagre wages but their life style has not been developed. A cup of tea when served looks pleasant but who knows there are endless plights endured by workers to make a cup of tea with soothing liquor right from tea plantation job, picking quality leaves and to make tea. Their fate is not changed to start a better living but the owners earn huge margin from selling quality tea to international markets.
Page(s): 303-306 Date of Publication: 04 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5820Download PDF
In Penal Institutions Social discrimination often poses a stumbling block to reformation and rehabilitation of inmates. Several Studies exist on treatment of inmates, however only few studies have investigated disparate treatment among High-Profile and Low-Profile Inmates of Nigerian correctional services. This study, therefore, investigated discriminatory treatment among High-Profile and Low-Profile inmates in Lagos correctional Command and its implications for reformation and rehabilitation. The research was based on Max Weber’s theory of Life chances using descriptive research design .The research used a multi-stage sampling technique. Lagos Correctional Centres were purposively selected because they were noted for keeping all classes of inmates. Taro Yamane formula was used to randomly select 299 general duty Staff and inmates across three Correctional Centres in Kirikiri and Ikoyi axes. Sixteen (16) Key Informant interviews were conducted for Staff while 51 In-depth interviews were done which included 42 Inmates and nine trained guards with experience in handling all Classes of Inmates. A larger percentage of the High-Profile Inmates were satisfied with the treatment meted out to those in custody while a larger percentage of the Low-Profile Inmates were not satisfied with their treatment The study arrived at the conclusion that discriminatory treatment of Inmates creates difficulty in control of Inmates and hampers the cardinal objective of the Correctional Service which is reformation and rehabilitation of Inmates.
Page(s): 307-315 Date of Publication: 04 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5821Download PDF
This paper explores the Economy of Communion as a culture of working together for economic transformation from the perspective of the culture of unity in the African economies. Economic transformation is influenced by growth of industrial and service sectors that reflect the transformation process. This process is determined by the attitude and perception of the agents of change towards non-economic factors such as culture of unity that may fast-track the process of transformation. Further reviews on economic transformation explores the model of the Economy of Communion as an alternative culture of running the industrial and service sectors in order to achieve the expected economic progress in the economies. The Economy of Communion promotes oneness as a culture of an economy that is all inclusive.
Page(s): 316-321 Date of Publication: 04 September 2021
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Students with intellectual disabilities have very low IQ and low reasoning abilities which makes them unable to live independent lives. This makes it very necessary for special schools across the country to offer transitional programs to enable these individuals acquire the requisite skills that would empower them to integrate into their various communities. It is in the light of this that this research was conducted to examine the transitional programs available for students with intellectual disability and to establish how the transition programs prepared them for community integration in Ghana Piaget’s theory was adopted by the researcher. This theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how people acquire, construct, and use it. The design for this study was descriptive and the approach adopted was qualitative which involved the use of semi-structured interviews in the collection of data. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the teachers, and house mothers, while a simple random sampling technique was used to select the parents/guardians. The findings of the study indicated generally that transition programs available in the special schools are not given much attention and such programs are not well structured to meet the needs of the students due to lack of inadequate teaching and learning resources. Besides this major finding, the study also revealed setbacks such as lack of governmental support in the area of policy and grants that have affected the progression of the program since the needs of individuals with intellectual disability are not adequately met. In conclusion, it is recommended that the government through the Ministry of Education and teachers should pay more attention to the available programs for these students with intellectual disabilities to enable them transit from school to work with ease.
Page(s): 322-331 Date of Publication: 04 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5822Download PDF
This study investigate the issues of Security Challenges on Library Resources in the Federal University of Lafia Library in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study tried to identify security challenges in Federal University of Lafia causes of security challenges effects of security challenges on the resources, the collection types that are more prompt to security problems, challenges encountered by library staff in combating the breaches, strategies put in place to tackle and end library security challenge in Federal University of Lafia library. Six (6) objectives backed up with six (6) with research questions to support the study. The work uses survey design method. The studied population is made up of thirty (30) librarians including hundred (100) undergraduate students in Federal University of Lafia, summing up the entire population of the work to one hundred and thirty (130). Data was collected using self designed questionnaire with the caption issues of security challenges on library resources in Federal University of Lafia, library. The techniques adopted for the study was random sampling. Statistical frequencies such as, tables, means, frequencies, and percentages (%) were used to analysed data. It was discovered and reported that, the university is entangle with several issues of security problem in the library like; deliberately mis-shelving of books, non-returning of over-due books, mutilation of library resources, theft etc. Recommendations were made that, the security of the university library premises and the general reading room should be beep up by mounting proper surveillance and supervision. Photocopier machines should be made available, good working electronic security gadgets should be installed both inside and outside the library premises and the library should be fenced round.
Page(s): 332-338 Date of Publication: 06 September 2021
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We examine whether the relationship between terrorism, insurgency and Islamism do not share or support one another in their expression of violent development. We find that when comparing their strategies and methods, they have a meeting point in political, economic and religious platform. In this paper, we present cogent reasons that represent these three terms as having causal and historical eventualities that are repetitive and suggestive of a trio-human destructive activity that largely caused the down-turn in economic development in Nigeria. Collectively, our findings show evidence of political and non-political factors related to the trio virus above that slow the pace of economic development in Nigeria, especially in the last three decades.
Page(s): 339-345 Date of Publication: 06 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5823Download PDF
This study was conducted to determine strategies through which awareness on fire disaster preparedness is raised among students and teachers to enhance fire safety in secondary schools in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. This study was guided by Rasmussen’s Risk Management Framework (1997). This study employed a convergent design under mixed methods research approach. The participants involved in this study were head of schools, teachers, students in public and private secondary schools; District Education Officers, and District Fire Officers. Furthermore, stratified sampling was used to obtain the research sample. This study used questionnaires, observation guide, interview guides and document analysis guide to collect data which were then analyzed descriptively and thematically. The findings revealed that training was the major strategy used to raise awareness on fire disaster preparedness; aspects of fire safety were integrated into the Ordinary Level secondary education syllabi. Additionally, meetings and clubs are avenues which were fairly used to raise students’ and teachers’ awareness on fire disaster preparedness. However, other strategies like using posters, television educative programs or news, resource materials, fire safety drills, and school fire safety inspection feedback were rarely used to raise students’ and teachers’ awareness on fire disaster preparedness. The study concluded that secondary schools had not embraced the diversity of strategies that can be used to raise students’ and teachers’ awareness on fire disaster preparedness and recommended inter alia, that comprehensive fire disaster management topics be incorporated in the Ordinary Level secondary education syllabi.
Page(s): 346-355 Date of Publication: 06 September 2021
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Slums- the living areas of urban poor, have always been treated like a burden for the city. But in reality, the labor of the slum dwellers is running the city mechanism. In developing cities it has become obvious to think about the slums in urban planning strategies as it is an unavoidable part of the city. Slum upgrading has been a complicated issue for decades in poverty surrounded countries of the world. Despite many experiments have been done till now, none of the process is proven to be sustainable to be used as a model for the poverty surrounded slums for upgrading. In this study the main idea was regarding the rationalization of slum upgrading models which are tend to be used as prototypes. The argument about sustainability of top-down program based slum upgrading projects is still very ambiguous in case of developing cities. Failure of top-down projects has promoted urban designers and urban planners to think about alternative approaches. In this research the aim was to find out the key reasons that are responsible for the unsustainability of the approaches of slum upgrading in developing world. At the end of the study modern complex theories of city life are interpret to point out that the intangible elements of slums are the essential part to consider for any upgrading system.
Page(s): 356-366 Date of Publication: 06 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5824Download PDF
COVID-19 is a mysterious medical condition that has affected the entire global society. Health Workers face the greatest possible threat of contracting the infection and even dying out of it. At the beginning of winter, one health facility in Zambia recorded a total of 22 Health Workers infected with COVID-19 during the month of June, 2021. The objective of this inquiry was to establish where and how the staff acquired the infection. The study used all the 22 Health Workers with history of confirmed COVID-19 during the month of June. The study was conducted between June and July, 2021. Single-interview-per-participant data collection method was used to collect data from participants. Participation was voluntary. This study found that Health Workers on night duty in the COVID-19 isolation ward worked longer hours, got exhausted with subsequent increased exposure risk and eventual acquisition of infection through close physical contact with Covid-19 patients or contaminated Personal Protective Equipment. This study recommends that Ministry of Health to increase the number of Health Workers- nurses, doctors and other cadres essential in the provision of health care services to COVID-19 patients and to provide Health Workers with adequate supplies of PPEs. Local Hospital Management to reduce working hours for health workers especially those taking night duty in the COVID-19 ward.
Page(s): 367-373 Date of Publication: 06 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5825Download PDF
This study sought to investigate the strategies that the University of Zambia (UNZA) employed to retain lecturers during the period 1990 to 2016. In order to do so, the following specific objective was framed namely to: Establish strategies that UNZA used in the retention of lecturers.Considering that motivation is critical to academic staff, the study was guided by Maslow’s theory of motivation. There were 137 respondents who were purposively sampled using probability and non- probability sampling procedure with stratified random and purposive sampling respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 (SPSS) and qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The key findings of the study revealed that conditions of service at UNZA during the period 1990 to 2016 were not favourable to retain staff. Some institutional programmes were disrupted and there was demoralisation among lecturers. Top administrators revealed that lack of finances for a range of activities and amenities, such as attractive salaries, pension benefits, workshops and seminars, accommodation and office space, housing and lecture rooms partly contributed to lecturers leaving the university.
Page(s): 374-386 Date of Publication: 07 September 2021
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Technology, social and economic phenomena of man are in-separate-able. This is so because right from creation the concepts of technology, social behaviour and economic desire of man were innately deposited or rather inbuilt in him. The quest to know (technology), the quest for companionship (social desire) and the quest to be better up (economic drive) were all seen from Adam and Eve right from creation. Besides, the three terms (technology, social and economic) developments connote the concept of education. They are dynamically advancing. The paper seeks to bring to lime light the relevance of technical education as the only way out for attaining and resolving human social and economic challenges for national growth and the problems that impede the quality of technical education graduates in Nigeria to compete favourable with other advanced technological world. The researchers employed both primary and secondary data as their methodology to draw out findings for this research. The primary data were through personal observations and experiences of teaching over the years and secondary data was through literature review. The findings reveals that technical education of built environment is being hampered by defective education policy, students’ poor educational background, poor motivation of staff and poor teaching and physical facilities. These challenges have affected quality of our graduates to drive the technology needed for sustainable national development. To overcome these challenges, the paper recommends that the welfare of the teachers should be reviewed and their salaries increased, government should review admission policy to remove quota system and allow for merit irrespective of geopolitical region, proper funding and provision of functional facilities in schools. In conclusion, technical education holds the key to national development and government at all levels must give attention to it for national growth.
Page(s): 387-394 Date of Publication: 07 September 2021
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The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges pupils with albinism face in schools. It was a case study which comprised of thirty (30) participants from St. Mary’s Girls Secondary School and St. Mary’s Special School for the Visually Impaired in Kawambwa. This study was qualitative in nature. Interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. A descriptive research design was used. The key findings of the study revealed that pupils with albinism were not accepted but discriminated by their fellow pupils who were not albinos and some teachers. The pupils also faced problems with teaching and learning materials which were not user friendly. Further, the findings revealed that pupils with albinism had low self-esteem compared to those without albinism as a result of the challenges they faced. Based on the findings, this study recommends there should be psychological intervention programmes which include assertiveness training and personal coping skills for pupils with albinism in schools so as to continue to strengthen their self- esteem and assertiveness. The study further recommends that when designing education policies, policy makers should not only consider the academic, but also the physiological and the psychological needs of learners with albinism with the aim of protecting their rights.
Page(s): 395-401 Date of Publication: 07 September 2021
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This study examined the relationship between temperament and EI in an adolescent population. The sample of this study consisted of 300 respondents, 166(55%) were females and 134 (45%) were males. The average age of respondent’s was19.10 years (SD = 1.956). Tools used in this study were Trait Meta Mood Scale -TMMS and Parental Authority Questionnaire – PAQ. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictive relationships among variables. Results revealed that parenting styles is a significant predict emotional intelligence among adolescents.. This study demonstrated that parenting styles contribute to EI development. The findings provide insight in the field of EI antecedents and underscore the potential significance of parents’ role in the development EI among adolescents
Page(s): 402-412 Date of Publication: 07 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5826Download PDF
This research aimed at exploring the challenges affecting women entrepreneurs in the construction sector in Zimbabwe. The study was guided by the pragmatism philosophy and hence adopted a mixed research orientation. The study was based on a descriptive research design. Self-administered questionnaires and interview guides were used for primary data collection. Data was collected from 310 women entrepreneurs in the construction sector in Zimbabwe. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software. Results from the study showed that cultural and social factors, limited access to education, limited access to funding and work life and family balance were challenges affecting the growth and success of women entrepreneurs in the construction sector. The study concluded that a variety of factors ranging from social discrimination, cultural perceptions, inferiority complex and harsh economic factors were constraining the growth and success of female operated entrepreneurs in the construction sector. Based on these conclusions, the study recommended that government must provide significant targeted financial support to the female enterprises in the construction sector to capitalize them so as to make them competitive. More vigorous awareness programs are also required to support women’s voice as well as to effect changes from engrained patriarchal cultural norms. It is also recommended to adopt and operationalize collaboration, integration among female entrepreneurs in the construction sector so as to foster mentoring schemes. Empowering female entrepreneurs in the construction sector to be more aggressive in the marketing their construction works. A deliberate gender equity in the recruitment of more females in construction programs in universities and colleges is also critical to ensure that females possess the required skills and expertise in construction works.
Page(s): 413-418 Date of Publication: 07 September 2021
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21st century skills are critical competencies and attitudes that individuals must have to be productive citizens in the 21st century knowledge economy. It is therefore critical to ensure that these skills are being taught and learnt in schools to prepare young people for life and work as successful citizens. Three research questions are posed and a desktop study is conducted to articulate a contextual meaning for 21st century skills, analyse the policy provisions and required supported needed to ensure teaching and learning of 21st century skills in Nigerian secondary schools. An extensive literature review is conducted to draw comparison and synthesize meaning and articulate the state of practice in 21st century teaching a learning standards. In answering the research questions, clear requirements for ensuring that teaching and learning of 21st century skills is happening in schools have been documented with reference to important literature. The conclusion is that the Nigerian education policy and curriculum falls short of global and regional standards of provisions in response to the needs of 21st century workforce and the recommendation is an urgent revision of the current curriculum to make explicit recognition of and provisions for teaching and learning of 21st century skills in Nigerian secondary schools. Particularly, it is recommended that the curriculum developers create a ‘learner exit profile’ to serve as the vision of graduates that should be produced by a 21st century skills sensitive curriculum.
Page(s): 419-426 Date of Publication: 08 September 2021
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Public institutions need to be aware of their employees need in more realistically towards keeping their human resources up-to-date. Managers need to pay special attention to core functions of human resource management through the employee capacity building as this plays an important role in the organization. The general objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between capacity building and employee retention. The study was anchored on knowledge Based Theory and theory of social exchange. The study adopted descriptive research design while the sample size was 74 employees. The study used questionnaire as data collection instruments and analyzed using inferential statistics. The results revealed that employee empowerment and career development had a positive and significant relationship on employees’ retention (β = 0.273, p<0.05; β = 0.085; p<0.05). Thus, the study concluded that the predictor variables enhance retention of employees in the organization. The research added new knowledge on how capacity building contributes to the employees’ retention and also forms a foundation of further research. The study suggests on the improvement of employee empowerment and career development as a way of improving retention rate of employees.
Page(s): 427-430 Date of Publication: 08 September 2021
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This study established the effects of the head teachers’ communication styles on the job performance of teachers in selected primary schools in Lukulu District of Western province in Zambia. The approach used in this research was mixed method. This was chosen because it increased the usefulness and credibility of the results found as data collection and data analysis was done using both quantitative and qualitative. A pragmatic world view was employed in this study because of its practicability and position thought to be well suited to mixed methods. The study used convergent parallel research design to which data is collected concurrently from questionnaires and interviews. The goal of this research was achieved by using an accessible sample consisting of 10 primary school head teachers and 100 primary school teachers. The study was done in 10 primary schools. In the quantitative part of the research, systematic random sampling strategy was used in the choice of the sample for the study. In the qualitative part of the study, non-probability sampling was used. Purposive sampling was used in the identification of respondents to be included in the sample. The research instruments used in this study were Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Questionnaires were used for collection of data from the teachers whereas semi structured interviews were used to collect information from the head teachers. In this study quantitative data was analysed deductively using the statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 16.0). On the other hand, qualitative data was analysed inductively by grouping it into categories according to emerging themes.The findings of the study reviewed that the communication styles that were used by head teachers to improve the job performance of primary school teachers included aggressive, assertive, manipulative, open and inclusive. According to the responses from the participants, it was revealed that head teachers’ communication styles had both negative and positive effects on the job performance of teachers in Lukulu District of Western province in Zambia. The study recommended that there was need to encourage teamwork among teachers and head teachers, to be appreciating the teachers’ efforts, allowing teachers to participate in decision making processes, promoting free communication among the teachers, and the head teachers’ creation of safe and secure working environments.
Page(s): 431-437 Date of Publication: 09 September 2021
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The study investigated the perceived effect of user education on students’ library patronage in universities in Benue State, Nigeria. The study looked at the Perceived influence of library orientation and bibliographic instruction on students’ library patronage. Two research questions guided the study while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design. The population for the study comprises 3400 library registered second year student users in the three universities in Benue State for the 2016/2017 session. The sample size for the study was 358 students who were selected using simple random sampling technique. The instrument employed for data collection was a self-constructed structured questionnaire titled “Perceived Effect of Library User Education on Students’ Library Patronage Questionnaire” (PELUESLPQ) which was validated by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach Alpha method and a reliability coefficient of 0.80 was obtained. Data was collected and analyzed using Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions and Chi-Square statistic to test the hypotheses at 0.05level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that, Library Orientation and Bibliographic Instruction have significant perceived effect on students’ library patronage in the universities in Benue State. The study concluded that the user education programmes taught in the universities in Benue State have greatly impacted students’ library patronage. Recommendations were made that, User education programmes should be made compulsory in universities since it equips students’ with necessary skills in the use of library and efforts should be made to encourage students’ attendance to user education lectures since the programme has been found to enable students to be self-reliant in the use of library
Page(s): 438-443 Date of Publication: 09 September 2021
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This study investigated the effects of cooperative and questioning strategies on academic performance of Upper Basic Social studies students in Delta State. Six hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. A quasi-experimental, equivalent pre-test, post-test, control group design using a 3x2x3 factorial design was adopted for the study. The population of this study comprises a total 77,295 Upper Basic 8 students in all the 471 public secondary schools in Delta State during the 2017/2018 session The sample of the study was 204 Upper Basic 8 students randomly selected from three different schools. The selected schools were randomly assigned to three treatment group. Treatments were given to the three groups for four weeks. A Social Studies Achievement Test (SSAT) with reliability coefficient of 0.77 was used to measure students’ performance before and after treatments. Data was analysed using T-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings showed that: There is a significant difference in the academic performance of social studies students taught with cooperative instructional strategy and those taught with conventional lecturing method; There is a significant difference in the academic performance of social studies students taught with questioning instructional strategy and those taught with conventional lecturing method; There is no significant difference in the academic performance of social studies students taught with cooperative instructional strategy and those taught with questioning instructional strategy; There is a significant difference in the mean performance scores among the three group of students taught using cooperative, questioning and conventional lecturing instructional strategies;, There is no significant difference in the performance of male and female students taught using cooperative instructional strategy, questioning instructional strategy and conventional lecturing instructional strategy in Social Studies; and there is no significant interaction effect of instructional strategies and students scoring ability on students’ academic performance in Social Studies. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others, that Social Studies teachers should endeavour to expose students to cooperative and questioning instructional strategies so as to promotes and encourages social interaction, active engagement in learning, self-motivation, learning by doing and learning by experience in the classroom.
Page(s): 444-452 Date of Publication: 09 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5827Download PDF
An organization’s superior performance mostly results from its strategic choice that provides the firm a better positioning in the industry structure. As a result of dynamic environment banks face arising from high competition posed by the other commercial and non-commercial banks. Therefore, in a highly uncertain and changing environment, strategic managers need to have the strategic flexibility to respond to problems speedily. Therefore, the study sought to determine the effect of product design on performance of commercial banks in Garissa County, Kenya. This study employed a descriptive survey research design. The population for this study was four commercial banks namely: Kenya Commercial Bank, Equity Bank, Cooperative Bank and National Bank in Garissa County, Kenya. The respondents were managers in top, middle and low level management employees. A census of 82 respondents was carried out. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study further carried out multiple regressions to determine the effect between variables. The study found that product design had a positive and significant effect on the performance. The study concluded that the banks have a very effective product design implementation that has enhanced their performance by attracting more consumers, providing ease, and making services available to their customers. The study recommended that the commercial banks should create a solid understanding of their opportunities by looking at the entire market based on their customer to determine the actual potential.
Page(s): 453-458 Date of Publication: 09 September 2021
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The main purpose of the study was to explore organizational capabilities that may improve the performance and competitiveness of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) operating in economic crisis business environment. The study was conducted using a sample of 43 MFIs in Harare. An explanatory research design was used. A survey in form of a questionnaire was used to collect data. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The main findings of the study are that innovative, leaning and strategic capabilities were commonly used by MFIs during the economic crisis. The study noted that the performance of MFIs used in this study was improved mainly by innovative, learning and strategic capabilities. Marketing and integrative capabilities had a weak influence on the profitability of MFIs. The study concluded that by innovative, learning and strategic capabilities are effective for MFIs during periods of economic crisis. It was also noted that MFIs that adopted the right organizational capabilities were useful in reducing poverty among females as well as well as acting as an accessible source of income during the COVID-18 period. This study therefore recommends that efforts be made by the MFIs to invest in the development of innovative, learning and strategic organizational capabilities. The study also recommends that the Government through the central banks take deliberate to efforts to assist MFIs to develop organizational capabilities such as by innovative, learning and strategic capabilities. This can be done by providing financial and technical support for the development of such organizational capabilities.
Page(s): 459-466 Date of Publication: 10 September 2021
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The present study attempts to analyse the theme of woman’s alienation in Margaret Atwood’s novel “surfacing “. In her novel, Margaret sheds light on the alienation that woman and particularly the narrator lives in patriarchal society. The unnamed narrator who is a talented and an artist woman turns back to Canada to search for her father, so she begins to feel like an isolated and alienated person. Because of her father disappearance and her mother detachment the narrator feels like an abandoned child who doesn’t have parents also when we read the book we find that there are a number of factors that contribute to the narrator’s alienation including her memories and bad experiences, losing her child due to abortion and lacking trust in her closet friends. In fact, being alienated has a negative impact on the narrator’s personality because it will lead her to move away from society, to become introvert and more than that it will lead her to madness acting like an animal living in the forest. In surfacing, the unnamed narrator understands the patriarchal factors behind her alienation and, therefore, she decides to resist them.
Page(s): 467-471 Date of Publication: 10 September 2021
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The study was motivated by the increasing levels of taxation in Kenya as a result of the Increasing size of the Public Budget between over the years. The Study Period was between the years 2011 and 2020. The choice for the period was guided by the availability of Data and the increasing size of Kenya’s public budget which has made it necessary to increase the level of Taxation to counter the Budget deficit. The government of Kenya uses taxes as a means to generate revenue for its development objectives and provision of public goods like security and education. The main problem was that while the government uses taxes as a means to generate revenue they in turn generate both positive and negative impacts to the economy. In addition, money collected as a result of charging taxes always fall short of government expenditure necessitating the need for the government to borrow money. Various reforms have been made on tax policies in Kenya such as the recent Finance act 2021that was gazetted on 1st July 2021 which has broadened the coverage VAT tax increasing the prices of commodities therefore raising the standard of living. The general objective of the study was to investigate the effect of taxation on economic growth in Kenya while the specific objectives were to investigate the effect of income tax on economic growth in Kenya, to investigate the effect of VAT on economic growth in Kenya, To establish the effect of import duty on economic growth in Kenya and to investigate the effect of Excise duty on Economic growth as they are the four main forms of taxes the government of Kenya charges. The research aimed at answering the following research questions: Does income tax affect Economic growth in kenya? What is the effect of VAT on economic growth in Kenya and what is the effect of import duty on economic growth in Kenya? The study adopted the benefit theory, diffusion theory of tax incidence and endogenous growth theory and various previous researches like Nguluu (2017), Maingi (2010) and Murithii (2013) to show how economic growth in Kenya is impacted when Income tax, VAT, import duty and Excise duty are levied. Quantitative research design was applied with secondary data collected from C.B.K, K.N.B.S and K.R.A from the period 2011-2020 u. A Time series ARIMA regression model was then used to identify the relationship between the dependent and the independent variable and how the variables relate among themselves using STATA and SPSS. The estimated results showed that a 1% increase in Income tax leads to an increase in GDP by 0.678% holding all the other variables constant. A 1% increase in VAT leads to an increase in GDP by 1.480% holding all the other variables constant. A 1% increase in import duty leads to a decrease in GDP by 0.663% holding all the other variables constant and a 1% increase in Excise Duty leads to an increase in GDP by 2.783% holding all the other variables constant.The study concluded that that total Tax has a statisticaly significant relationship with economic growth with a P-value of 0.00. The study recommended that policy makers in the country should induce optimal and enabling tax policies that promote Economic growth and at the same time reduce leakages that happen in the tax system through evasions and avoidance by enacting tough laws against evaders and embracing an Online tax system for all tax payers.
Page(s): 472-487 Date of Publication: 10 September 2021
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The significance of public spaces’ use is attributed to the users’ physical and functional satisfaction through place identity. This study explores whether the usage of public space in the rural areas is related to the users’ physical and functional connection through the place identity, dependence, and familiarity across various social attributes of the rural area. The assessments of 382 users of public space who are residents and non-residents on their connections to the market squares (as a typical aspect of public space) were documented through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis (version 22) of the three case studies markets. The result of thefactor analysis and multiple regressionuncovered that there are positive connections between users’ familiarity with the market (PLF), dependence (PLD), an identity with the market (PID), and markets’ usage (OSU). Ultimately, clients’ dependence with the market (PLD) advocated partial mediation impacts in the connection between users’ place identity (PID) and market square use (OSU) in the three contextual investigation areas, with estimations of 83% (Ijebu-jesa neighbourhood), 87% (Ijeda neighbourhood), and 80% (Iloko neighbourhood) of square correlations (R2). These represented the rates of variance explained in each area’s model builds that are over 80% square correlations (R2). These justified an excellent expectation of the construct in every regions. Suggestions for stakeholders and administrators are examined, which affirmed the upgrade of the public space regions, empowering the users’ patterns, and improved planning and design methodologies.
Page(s): 488-499 Date of Publication: 10 September 2021
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Final Year Project (FYP) is an important component of higher education degrees which helps to consolidate students’ learning by providing an opportunity for applying a broad range of knowledge to a real life problem while developing other useful skills. Students work in close proximity with their assigned supervisors who guide them on a learning path during their project work. Research claims that the quality of overall outcome is dependent on the supervisor/student relationship. The results of the survey found that students who had a good experience during their FYP were more likely to continue in computing and IT careers. MentorNet, an online mentoring platform is analysed and e-mentoring platform similar to MentorNet to support IT human capital development in Nigeria is recommended.
Page(s): 500-508 Date of Publication: 10 September 2021
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The study examined the Nigerian Mass media use of political propaganda messages and the assessment of stakeholders’ perceptions concerning the messages in selected Local Government Areas of Oyo State. The study employed survey and structured interview methods with the use of questionnaire and interview guide as instruments. 250 questionnaires were distributed while 210 copies were returned and validated for final analysis Simple random sampling technique was adopted for the drawing of the sample size from the universe population. Descriptive Statistics was adopted for the data analysis. Responses obtained from the interviewees were transcribed and qualitative analysis carried out in line with the research questions. Pearson Moment Products Correlation was utilized for the test of hypothesis formulated in the study. The study found out that Nigerian Mass media are always used as tool for promoting political propaganda messages(46.5%) and that filtering of propaganda messages have overshadowed their media responsible activities (55.3%).It revealed that the consequence of the propaganda messages are negative which result to maladministration, socio-economic problems, and moral decadence. The study concluded that Nigerian mass media compromised corrupt practices that negate media ethical conducts and professionalism. In addition, Nigerian media has often been hijacked by political office holders to manipulate elections. The study recommended that mass media should desist from propaganda messages and try to set agendas for politicians and political parties. Moreover, they should avert contents of deceit capable of heating up polity. Also, voters should be firm in their choice of office seekers and finally, government should step up actions on media regulations.
Page(s): 509-516 Date of Publication: 11 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5828Download PDF
Background: Benign prostate hyperplasia is a reproductive health condition which refers to obstruction of the bladder neck due to an enlargement of the prostate as men ages. The symptoms are irritative and obstructive that cause urinary difficulties. Objective: The study aims to determine individual factors associated with uptake of benign prostate hyperplasia services among men above 40 years in Nyamira County, Kenya. Materials and methods: The study employed mixed method study design. The study utilized qualitative and quantitative research methods in order to obtain the required information from respondents. The researcher interviewed 387 respondents who were randomly selected from 18 villages of Nyamira south and Masaba wards. Descriptive data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Inferential statistics such as Chi-Square tests at 95% confidence level was used to determine the association between studied variables. Results: Chi-square analysis revealed significant relationship between individual factors such as commonness of benign prostate hyperplasia condition (0.001), seriousness of condition (0.002), Knowledge of anyone suffering from the condition (0.01), knowledge of benign prostate hyperplasia screening services (0.021), screening preventing condition (0.001), Cost of screening (0.001), Income (0.002), Medical insurance (0.001) and uptake of benign prostate hyperplasia services. Results from focused group interviews were reported as direct quotes or narrations. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was low uptake of benign prostate hyperplasia services and that most of the individual factors were significantly associated with uptake of benign prostate hyperplasia services. This implies that a lot needs to be done by the stakeholders in sensitizing the men who at risk to know more about the prostate hyperplasia services and also scale up the services to reach the most vulnerable.
Page(s): 517-524 Date of Publication: 11 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5829Download PDF
Since the advent of web 2.0, the increasing importance of data has become centre of debate amongst various stakeholders. One of the resultant effects of open access internet is the improvement of advertising and marketing technologies and methods. Programmatic advertising (PA) is one of the byproducts of the new internet age. This form of advertising uses consumers’ personal data and behaviour online for the creation of customized ads for brands through third-party data aggregators. Personal data are auction to the highest bidders in real-time and instantaneously to expose customized messages and ads to the audience. Based on its population and increasing level of internet penetration, Nigeria is a fallow, free-for-all, and data-mining ground for many tech companies. Hence, the adoption of programmatic advertising is nascent and insidiously creeping into the advertising space in Nigeria. This paper focused on the implication of programmatic advertising from the perspective of existing legal specifications currently in Nigeria. Having given the conceptual premise of programmatic advertising (PA), the paper identified the ethical and legal implications of PA. based on the existing legal situation of personal data protection in Nigeria, the paper recommends, amongst others, that to avoid the potential violations of user’s right to data privacy, the onus is on various stakeholders- the data controllers, tech companies, and lawmakers- to ensure that their activities provide stronger protection of personal data.
Page(s): 525-532 Date of Publication: 11 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5830Download PDF
This study was on Leadership Styles and Remuneration as Predictors to Teacher’s Job satisfaction in Senior Secondary Schools in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Two purposes of the study with two corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population comprised of 119 principals and 2900 teachers. The sample was randomly selected among the senior secondary schools in those areas while the sampling technique used was proportionate stratified sampling. The instrument used for data collection was “Teachers’ Job Satisfaction Opinion Questionnaire (TJOQ)” and “Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The reliability of the instrument was .787 and .834. The values of .735 were attained for teachers ‘job satisfaction, .787 for Leadership styles and .834 for remuneration, implying that the content of the instruments (TJSOQ) and MLQ) were valid for assessing Leadership Styles and Remuneration as predictors to teachers’ job satisfaction. Among the findings of the study it was revealed that Teachers perceived transformational leadership style is a predicting factor in their job satisfaction. Conclusions and recommendations were made among which are The State Ministry of Education and other agencies concerned with payment of teachers’ salaries should continually find ways of increasing teachers’ salaries and other incentives that will lead to better job satisfaction. This should be done through constant reviewing of teachers’ salaries.
Page(s): 533-541 Date of Publication: 13 September 2021
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The Armed Criminal Group has been designated as a Papuan Terrorist Separatist Group by the Indonesian government. The group, which aims to separate from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, has carried out many acts of violence and murder against both civilians and security forces. The change in status has had an impact and consequence in its handling. In this paper the method used is a literature and literature study. The handling of insurgency and terrorism in Indonesia has historically undergone a change from the use of its strategy from military force to law enforcement. After the change in the status of the Armed Criminal Group to the Separatist Terrorism Group, the government must immediately prepare national readiness to carry out counter-terrorism with various policies and measures that are effective and efficient.
Page(s): 542-549 Date of Publication: 13 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5831Download PDF
Library patrons with special disabilities have often faced many challenges in making optimum use of the resources that are provided by academic libraries, in Zimbabwe. This study focused on the visually impaired (blind) students in particular, who have for a very long time faced challenges in accessing information in most African countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the establishment of Disability Resource Centres (DRCs) and the assistive technologies that are currently being used by visually impaired students in academic libraries in Zimbabwe. The study used the qualitative research design and survey strategy of research. The study population included (9) nine librarians and (30) thirty visually impaired (blind) students. The libraries under study included Midlands State University Library, National University of Science and Technology Library and The Dorothy Duncan Centre. The researchers decided to carry out this study at these three institutions because they are located in different regions of the country. Therefore, the results obtained from participants in these different geographic areas may vary which gives an accurate situation of the provision and use of assistive technologies in these institutions. Questionnaires, interviews and observation methods were used for data collection. The collected data was presented in form of graphs, tables, pie charts and qualitative statements which depicts responses from participants during interviews. The Social Model of Disability was used, for guiding the research. The study findings revealed that Zimbabwe is still lagging behind in terms of establishing Disability Resource Centres as well as provision of assistive technologies in these Centres. The study also established that there is inadequate assistive technologies in the few established Disability Resource Centres in Zimbabwe. Academic libraries are not receiving funding from authorities for them to be able to establish DRCs. The study recommends that, Universities in Zimbabwe ought to establish Disability Resource Centres (DRCs) as well as setting aside funds for purchasing of assistive technologies to be used by visually impaired students. In addition staff in DRCs and students with blindness or visual impairment should be trained in the use of assistive technologies for them to be able to make optimum use of the technologies. There is also need for promoting inclusivity in academic libraries in Zimbabwe, this can be achieved if university authorities, lecturers and librarians change their attitude towards disabled students.
Page(s): 550-561 Date of Publication: 13 September 2021
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The paper critically examined organisational learning and learning organization as well as the review of theories underpinning the study. In essence this conceptual paper reviewed some extant literatures and related theories on organisational learning and learning organisations. The paper indicated that the survival of any organisation, particularly, a profit oriented organisation depends to a large extent, on how well it can adapt to environmental changes, accept changes and do better in terms of its operations. The study highlighted the ways to identify a learning organization. It also, revealed the conceptual differences between organisational learning and learning organization. The study revealed that organizational learning and learning organization are two constructs based on conceptual metaphors. Organizational learning is a process that occurs across individual, group, and organizational levels through intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and institutionalizing. It may be an adaptive process based on the single-loop learning, or a generative process based on the double-loop learning. Organizational learning implies organizational unlearning and a dynamic organizational memory. The organization that is capable of transforming organizational learning into the engine of knowledge creation aiming at building up a competitive advantage may become a learning organization. The paper discovered that the theory of organizational learning is defined in four premises namely: Premise 1: Organizational learning assumes a tension between knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration. Premise 2: Organizational learning is a multilevel process (i.e. individual, group, organization). Premise 3: The three levels of organizational learning are linked through psychological and social processes: intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and institutionalizing (4Is) and Premise 4: Cognition influences action, and action influences cognition. The paper x-rayed cognitive learning theories, behavioural learning theories and social learning theories as the key philosophies underpinning the study. The paper revealed that learning should be engrained as part of the organization’s philosophy and core organisational value and culture. It is only by so doing that organisation will be able to face tomorrow when it actually comes. The study also, revealed that for effective double loop learning to occur at the organisational level, there is a need for organisational leaders to appreciate the value of learning as a panacea for organizational sustainability. The paper therefore, supports the proposition that organisation learning culture has direct influence on organisational innovativeness, which is directly tied to long-term organizational success. It is recommended, therefore, that all organisations that want to remain competitive should focus on becoming a learning organisation.
Page(s): 562-575 Date of Publication: 13 September 2021
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The study focuses on Science Education: Challenges and New Trends after the lockdown. It shows how the moderating variables; challenges and trends influence the disposition of Science Education in the post lockdown era. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sample of the study included 45 respondents from various sectors of the economy and drawn from three educational zones as viz: Rivers West Abua/Odual LGA, Rivers East- Khana LGA, Rivers central Emohua LGA through an accidental non probability sampling technique in which only elements that could be reached were used. The consideration here is in terms of limited time. Data were collected through interview and personal observations. To guide the study, five research questions and hypotheses were formulated and the results were tested using the Chi-square to answer the research questions and 0.05 alpha level of significance were used to test the hypotheses. The major findings of the research were: a high knowledge of science education among the Nigerian populace which has significantly affected the general outlook on the pandemic. The observation of the COVID-19 protocols is significantly low in the side of the citizens while the challenges and new trends brought in by the pandemic have both positive and negative effects on the people. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: That Science education is vital at this time of the pandemic, therefore those in the field should ensure its widespread. Since the COVID-19, pandemic may not leave the earth as soon as possible; it therefore becomes needful for everyone to live with its reality and do all that is necessary to reduce its spread. The government must recall her sole duty to protect lives and therefore develop a more effective measure to curtail the spread of the virus. Medical practitioners and health workers should be effectively protected in their fight against the deadly virus since they are more vulnerable and susceptible to infection. The religious bodies should understand that there is difference between faith and reality and therefore educate their professors of faith to separate faith from realities.
Page(s): 576-583 Date of Publication: 14 September 2021
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Reciprocity has always been an unconscious drive to individuals, and this has been a norm among friendship relationships. In this study however we aimed at exploring the connection between reciprocity in friendship relationships, 200 questionnaires were randomly distributed to individuals in different areas in Kuala Lumpur, these included Sunway, Puchong, Cheras, Damansara and KLCC. A total of 100 females and 100 males participated in the study and their age groups ranged from 18 – 30 years. The respondents were selected randomly in public places. The results highlight that there is a very strong correlation between reciprocity and friendship relationships. Gender differences were also explored.
Page(s): 584-587 Date of Publication: 14 September 2021
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Although many efforts have been done to eradicate violence against women, and many positive improvement in policies, practices, and activities to support and protect women all over the world, violence against women in all its various forms is still spreading and posing a threat and danger to women and girls in all countries. All over the world, women victims of violence, particularly Moroccan illiterate women and low-income women, have little access to justice and they experience oppressive and marginalized treatment from the Moroccan state. However, the general goal of this ethnographic study is to generate a basic understanding and knowledge that can be used as an essential means to improve current policies, practices, and legislation in force in Morocco regarding the protection and promotion of gender equality and women’s rights. This ethnographic study narrates the story of eleven women victims of different types of violence including physical, domestic, sexual, and psychological violence, to display the urgent need for the Moroccan state to implement responsive facilities and services for those women who lack knowledge and money, to provide effective and appropriate specific training to the state agents for the victims of sexual assault based on Moroccan law and legislation that protect women’s rights instead of acting on personal attitudes and opinions, last but not least to strengthen the monitoring of a framework to record and observe the implementation of the measures and reforms taken by the Moroccan state to combat violence against women.
Page(s): 588-594 Date of Publication: 14 September 2021
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The aim of this review paper is to show through review of literature that emotional intelligence development is influenced by one’s gender, temperament and the parenting styles of one’s parents. This review paper maintains that gender, temperament and parenting styles are linked in development of emotional intelligence and is explained from the context of multivel investment model. The multilevel investment model of emotional intelligence development (Zeidner, Roberts, and Matthew, 2009) relates temperament and parenting style as determinants of adolescent emotional intelligence. This paper discusses: the definition of emotional intelligence is first established using the Mayer and Salovey model of emotional intelligence (Mayer & Salovey, 1999); gender influences on the development of emotional intelligence are presented (Brody & Hall, 2008); and Third, The influence of temperament and parenting styles on the development with will then be discussed as factors in the development of emotional intelligence using the Multilevel Investment model of emotional intelligence (Zeidner, Roberts, & Matthews, 2009); In conclusion, this review of literature demonstrated (1) some degree of relationship between gender and emotional intelligence; (2) the reviewed literature suggest that temperament influences an individual’s emotional state as well as his or her strategies for emotional regulation; (3) the literature also showed that that parenting style significantly related to the development of emotional intelligence of their children and that that authoritative parenting facilitate the development of emotional competencies and social skills of children and promote positive life adjustment.
Page(s): 595-605 Date of Publication: 14 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5832Download PDF
With the development of information technology, customers increasingly expect higher services in this information era. Despite the upsurge in internet banking users, the customer acceptance of internet banking has not yet reached the expected levels. The general objective of the study was to examine the effect of internet banking on quality service. The study was guided by Technology Acceptance Model. Explanatory research design was adopted while the study sample size was 149 customers. The study utilized questionnaire as a data collection instrument and analyzed using inferential statistics. The results revealed that internet banking had a positive and significant effect on quality services (β= 0.286, p<0.05). Thus, the study concluded that the predictor variable enhance service quality in the organization offered to their customers. The research added new knowledge on how internet banking to the service quality and also forms a foundation for further research. The study suggests that banks need to adopt electronic systems in all their banking systems and services that are involved in the economy.
Page(s): 606-609 Date of Publication: 14 September 2021
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The increase in levels of psychological distress among adolescents in secondary school in Nairobi county Kenya is alarming which created the need for this study to assess the relationship between parental academic expectations and psychological distress among adolescents in this County. Addressed objective was; to establish if parents’ academic expectations contribute to psychological distress among adolescents in private secondary school. A descriptive survey design was employed. A sample of 380 students from 28 private secondary schools was used who were sampled through simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaires from the students. This quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive (means) and inferential analysis specifically chi-square and Pearson product moment correlation using SPSS version 22 and presented using tables. The findings of the study showed that adolescents in private secondary in Nairobi County Kenya experienced academic expectations from parents. The parents’ academic expectations was not significantly influenced by age, gender and parents’ educational level. In relation to psychological distress, parents’ academic expectations had a weak positive relationship with anxiety, stress and depression symptoms. In the academic fields, outcomes of this study contributes by informing all stakeholders especially, students, parents, academic staffs and government of how parental academic expectations influence psychological distress among school going adolescents hence encouraging them to collectively come up with measures to remedy the negative effects of parental academic expectations on students’ psychological distress using these outcomes.
Page(s): 610-617 Date of Publication: 14 September 2021
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This study was carried out to examine the influence of role model factors on women entrepreneurial participation in Kebbi and Sokoto States of Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from a sample of 500 women entrepreneurs via questionnaire and analysed using binary logistic regression. Out of the six factors investigated, only three were found to influence women entrepreneurial participation in agriculture in Kebbi and Sokoto States. These are X1 = “I got influenced by someone to start my business”, X4 = “I received support and guidance when starting my business”, X3 = “I admire people who have succeeded in business”. The other three, namely, X2 =” The person who influenced my decision owns a business”, X5 = “I am of the same sex with the person who influenced my decision”, X6 = “I learnt various skills from the person who influenced my decision” were not found to influence women entrepreneurial participation in Kebbi and Sokoto States. Results showed that X3 and X4 were positively related to women entrepreneurial participation, while X1 has negative correlation with women entrepreneurial participation, whereas, X5, and X6 do not have influence on women entrepreneurial participation. Findings suggest that Government and the policy makers should collaborate with the successful entrepreneurs in Agriculture to help enlightening new interested entrepreneurs who are about to venture into agriculture business to boost their knowledge in the sector which enhance their productivity.
Page(s): 618-627 Date of Publication: 15 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5833Download PDF
This paper intends to determine the Okun’s coefficient and the validity of Okun’s law in Bangladesh. Moreover, further analysis is done to determine the impact of female unemployment on economic growth of Bangladesh. We have used time series annual data of Bangladesh with a time period from year 2000-2019. The Hodrick-Prescott filter detrending technique has been used to generate the unemployment gap and output gap, two unit root tests have been done to check for stationarity of the data collected i.e. Augmented Dickey Fuller test and the Phillips-Perron test, the Johansen co-integration test has been performed to check for long run cointegration between the variables and finally the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression is used to determine the type of correlations between the variables and finally two tests have been performed (Breusch Pegan and White test) to check for heteroscedasticity in the error term.
Page(s): 628-635 Date of Publication: 15 September 2021
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The study of performance of real estate investment, whether residential or commercial, is very important at this time when emphasis is on investment performance analysis in many parts of the world. This is important in Nigeria due to the impact of the ongoing changes in the global and local economy on the performance of commercial properties which requires careful consideration in investment decision making process. In order to increasing the confidence of major key players in real estate investment, this study examined the impact of rental values on real estate commercial properties in Port Harcourt. There are about 1,124 commercial properties in Port Harcourt obtained from GIS. Systematic random sampling approach and descriptive statistics was adopted. The research tools used are weighted mean, coefficient of variation, rental index and ANOVA. The study revealed that rent review pattern for investment properties in the study area is 3 years; with average rental growth rate that follows a similar trend and pattern and the implication of these is that, investment on commercial properties are likely to generate higher returns. However; the study recommends that proper maintenance and management by real estate professionals can sustain consistency in the trend and pattern of investment return
Page(s): 636-642 Date of Publication: 15 September 2021
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Considering that a great many new media users can be gratified by contents other than religious messages on the Internet, one wonders how evangelism will fare in this era of the new media. Besides evangelism, the new media are used for education, information, socialization and entertainment. However, churches which are ignorant of the potency of online evangelism are believed to be missing out on what is supposed to help them broaden the frontiers of fulfilling The Great Commission. This position paper which is an offshoot of a rigorous empirical study is, therefore, done to examine the practice of online evangelism by evangelical churches in Port Harcourt. Investigation shows, among other things, that the social media are veritable instruments in sustaining old members and wooing new ones. The study concluded that the churches that use the social media platforms are up-to-date; the social media used in evangelism are perceived as attractive and satisfactory; but that the cost of maintaining the new media workability is prohibitive. It was then recommended that despite the unethical and immoral posts that can be found online, the new media should not be avoided because of its potency in fostering bonds among old church members and evangelizing prospective ones.
Page(s): 643-648 Date of Publication: 15 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5834Download PDF
Management is not just for organizations. Self-management, if used properly, makes individuals not just survive but also thrive. Similarly, that experience can be elongated to understand the best approach to manage other selves too. This systematic literature review aims to examine the state of existing literature related to the concept of self-management, the role of self-management in different contexts to achieve excellence and finally the strategic perspective of self-management. After a systematic review of the available literature based on a sample of 30 empirical and conceptual studies, it was found that self-management has a positive influence on all the contexts but literature on strategic self-management remains scarce. Hence, the author highlights the importance of future research studies devoted to strategic self-management practices involved in both organizational and institutional contexts.
Page(s): 649-660 Date of Publication: 15 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5835Download PDF
Many critical theories have developed over the years as a result of the complex nature of the modern world. There is a change from the colossal theories to more explicit ones, and existentialism is one of such theories. Existentialism is a concept which has been applied to the works of a group of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophers, thinkers, and writers, who share the belief that man’s quest to determine the self in the modern world is met by hostility and indifference in a world bedevilled by war, oppression, strife, kidnapping, senseless killings, among others. The concept of existentialism is made popular in the works of Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, and most writers of this period wrote works of literature to capture the nothingness of life and equally demonstrate this unfortunate reality in the society. Findings reveal that existentialism appears relevant to the explication and criticism of these African dramas. Therefore, this essay seeks to explicate Tewfik Al-Hakim’s plays: Fate of a Cockroach, The Song of Death, and Sultan’s Dilemma, as existentialist dramas and concludes that, though, some of the plays under explication are humours and even absurd, they discuss and reiterate serious issues of life pertaining to man’s search for independence.
Page(s): 661-666 Date of Publication: 16 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5836Download PDF
This manuscript is a study which focused on unveiling the concealed reality of why some individuals chose to be teachers or educators instead of choosing other forms of careers in a Zambian context. The study objectives were: to determine the rationale for choosing teaching profession to other jobs by trainee teachers and to establish what the trainee teachers wanted to fix for becoming teachers under teaching professional. The researchers used qualitative method and employed a semi-structured interview schedule to collect data from 30 trainee teachers at Kwame Nkrumah University in Zambia as participants. The key findings were that it was their wish from childhood, a calling, they love it, for wanting to teach modern technology and entrepreneur skills, as a way they want to contribute to society, want to overcome poverty, to offer meaningful education, because of being inspired by other teachers, it’s their responsibility, they want to continue learning, and to help the disabled. The study also brought to light the issues trainee teachers intended to address or fix upon becoming educators. Furthermore, the study established that the trainee teachers were either pulled or pushed towards their career choice. From the findings, this research recommends that the reservoir which need be taken on bold in the teaching professional in order to enrich teaching profession should be considered to help in meeting the current and future demands of the education system in Zambia.
Page(s): 667-673 Date of Publication: 16 September 2021
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In this paper, the phenomenon of Gender Based Violence in Nigeria is examined in the light of Social Learning and Feminist theoretical perspectives. Using secondary data, different forms of violence were identified in the study and they include beating, rape, humiliation, verbal abuse, widowhood practices, early marriage, sexual harassment and female genital mutilation. Consequences of the acts as identified in the study include depression, suicide, murder, sexually transmitted diseases, and physical injuries. It is therefore recommended that government, individuals, civil society and non-governmental organizations should act accordingly towards eliminating the menace.
Page(s): 674-683 Date of Publication: 16 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5837Download PDF
This study seeks to investigate the function of Perceived Organisational Support on the association between Organisational Justice and Turnover Intent. To achieve this purpose, three objectives were established: firstly to examine the relationship between Organisational Justice and Turnover Intent, secondly to examine the relationship between Perceived Organisational Support and Turnover Intent, and lastly to examine the role of Perceived Organisational Support on the relationship between Organisational Justice and Turnover Intent.A survey research design was used to collate data from a population of 1162 teachers of private secondary schools. The Taro Yameneformular was used to determine the sample size of 298 teachers randomly selected from private secondary schools in Jos. The data was cleaned, coded, and properly analysed using multiple regression analysis. The results of the findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between Organisational Justice and Turnover Intent, secondly there exist a negative relationship between Perceived Organisational Support and Turnover Intent and lastly, Perceived Organisational Support did not moderate the relationship between Organisational Justice and Turnover Intent. In conclusion, Organisational Justice should be planted in the perceptions of teachers as it helps to prevent turnover intent or outright turnover of teachers which could further help to enhance the performance of students in WASSCE. Also, the management of educational institutions should focus more on distributive and informational justice to further reduce Turnover Intent to the bearest minimum.
Page(s): 684-692 Date of Publication: 17 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5838Download PDF
The corona virus pandemic which hit our world in December, 2019 has been associated with a lot of anxiety, fear and panic. As experts realized the virus is widely spread through contact, a lot of restrictions on social contact were initiated into our world. The use of persuasion, directly or indirectly has been very important in stabilizing affairs and guiding individuals to abide by corona virus disease precautions. Persuasion can be referred to as an attempt to alter or modify an individual behavior, belief, values or attitude by using messages or communications without threat. Although, the internet and social media has helped people in adjusting to hard shifts of the pandemic, persuasion has been very instrumental in getting people to modify attitudes to adjust to Covid-19 shifts. Fortunately, nations are easing Covid 19 limitations, with some minimum amount of increase in Covid-19 cases and the introduction of Covid19 vaccine. The masses want to go back too quickly to their previous life; however, the pandemic is still lingering in our midst. This discourse employs concrete persuasion theories such as social judgment theory, cognitive dissonance theory and elaboration likelihood theory to reflect on how this lapse can be rectified. Then finally, elaborates on how persuasive messages can be utilized to prepare the world for a life beyond Covid-19. This will guide in the work of social scientist, stakeholders, epidemiologists, social thinkers and policy makers.
Page(s): 693-702 Date of Publication: 17 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5839Download PDF
Academic achievement is the extent to whicha learner is profiting from instructions in a given area of learning and turn is dependent upon the teachers’ knowledge base for effective teaching. The quality of teachers is equally dependent on the nature of their preparation. Despite the emphasis on science education that is made compulsory and formed part of the requirement for admission especially in sciences, medical, agricultural, environmental, and engineering programs.The performance of students in sciences has consistently been poor and unimpressive. Therefore, the paper aims atevaluating teachers’ preparation for science teaching and its effect on achievement in science in Lagos state. Using a descriptive survey research design and a sample of 173 science teachers. A validated and piloted questionnaire based on a 4-point rating scale used as the data collection instrument for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics including means and standard deviation. Data analysis was facilitated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings revealed that science teachers perceived their training on content and education courses as adequate,pedagogical knowledge training received to prepare them to teach major subjects,workshops and seminarshelp inprofessional development. It was recommended that: Teachers should be sensitized through in-service and continuing education courses and revision of teacher training curriculum to improve teaching methodologies, building the capacity of teachers in the use of relevant teaching materials and the government should equip schools with relevant teaching materials such as ICTsand alternative power supply .
Page(s): 703-710 Date of Publication: 17 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5840Download PDF
Working capital management involves management of short-term assets and liabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the working capital management cycle in relation to profitability of household supermarket in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the receivable conversion period, payable Deferral period, and inventory conversion period on the profitability of Household supermarket in Kenya. This study was guided by Operating Cycle Theory. The study used literature review methodology. The research concluded that firms that manage working capital efficiently enjoy the benefit of long survival in business, and that shareholders’ value can be raised by reducing account receivable days, by hiking stocks to a sensible level, by taking long to pay suppliers yet ensuring good terms and by minimizing the CCC days.
Page(s): 711-714 Date of Publication: 18 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5841Download PDF
This paper seeks to investigate the impact recruitment and placement on corporate organization in Port Harcourt. The study adopted a structured questionnaire to obtain data from 172 employees of different organization under the study. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was utilized for data analysis. Findings from the study revealed that when staff are properly recruited and placed at the position they are qualified for , they tends to perform well and contribute immensely to the goal and objectives of the organization. Furthermore, it showed that the effectiveness and objective of the recruitment program will not be achieved without a proper analysis of the job the incoming individuals are expected to do, are clearly stated .It was recommended among others that a proper job placement should be conducted by management before initiating the recruitment and selection process
Page(s): 715-719 Date of Publication: 18 September 2021
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Zambia is one of the countries in Africa which is largely and predominantly heterogeneous in terms of tribes or ethnic groups. The nation boasts of 73 different ethnic groups each with a different cultural and traditional orientation. This multicultural aspect of the nation was one of the challenges faced by the independent government led by President Kenneth Kaunda and the United National Independence Party (UNIP) in 1964 shortly after gaining control from the colonial masters. It was clear at that time that despite Zambia being one country, it was ethnically divided and that, according to President Kenneth Kaunda, posed a great danger to the unity of the nation. Important to note is the fact that in the decade immediately before and after independence, ethnic tensions remained a distinct threat to Zambian unity. The ethnic divisions, which had fermented in the pre-independence period began to spill-over into the new nation. After independence, ethnicity remained the strongest and most logical form of identification for many Zambians. It was in response to this challenge, to which Kaunda was highly attuned as a result of his own family’s history, that Kaunda developed and effected a political ideology and agenda of nationalist unity. In this article, we argue that the ‘One Zambia One Nation Motto’ was not only meant to unite the 73 ethnic groups in Zambia but also to unite Africa for a common good as expressed by heads of states and representatives at Dr. Kenneth David Buchizya Kaunda’s state funeral on 02nd July, 2021 at Heroes Stadium in Lusaka, Zambia. Furthermore, we discuss in this article the implication of ‘One Zambia One Nation Motto’ on multicultural aspect.
Page(s): 720-724 Date of Publication: 18 September 2021
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This study aims to obtain information about the effect of (1) recruitment of positions on the performance of state civil servants in the Regional Secretariat Central Sulawesi Province, (2) position competence on the performance of the state civil apparatus in the Regional Secretariat Central Sulawesi Province, (3) recruitment of positions and job competencies simultaneously or partially on the performance of state civil servants at the Regional Secretariat of Central Sulawesi Province. The method used is the survey method with quantitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The target population is all civil servants of the Regional Secretariat of Central Sulawesi Province, as many as 498 people. The number of research samples was 222 people using the Proportional Random Sampling technique. The study results show that: First, there is a positive and significant influence between the performances of the state civil apparatus in the Secretariat of Central Sulawesi Province with a value of 14.2%. Second, there is a positive and significant influence between the performance of state civil servants in the Regional Secretariat of Central Sulawesi Province with a value of 34%. Third, there is a positive and significant influence jointly between job recruitment and job competence with a positive effect with a value of 48.3%.
Page(s): 725-732 Date of Publication: 18 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5842Download PDF
Fast and accurate information in modern times, such as today, is very necessary. Information becomes important for modern society in addition to basic needs. Currently, there is a lot of information spread, but due to different environments, the information cannot be easily absorbed. The need for complete information makes the role of the media important as a provider of information and counteracting misleading news that confuses the public. The task of the media is increasingly difficult, namely the correction of information. According to the code of journalistic ethics, the media must report under reality. The emergence of new media, namely the Internet, offers everyone the opportunity to quickly disseminate information, even if it is not as complete as the media. This makes the media too slow. Before the news can be broadcast, the media must collect accurate information and confirm that the news is accurate and accountable. Nowadays, TV news using a tube or an LCD is considered old-fashioned because it is not practical. This behavior change is causing the television media to begin to be abandoned. The media as a provider of the information is at a loss because the media performs a mediamorphosis to capture viewers by digitizing it, involving new media on the Internet. In metamorphosis, facilities and infrastructure are needed to reach digital television. Qualitative method of descriptive research. This method is to describe, describe the results studied through observations, interviews, processing of documents obtained. Until researchers know in depth the object of research beyond the statistical figures. The results of the study concluded that, by simultaneously applying the approaches of coevolution, convergence, and complexity, television can digitally transmit and meet the information needs of its viewers. In the digital age, television is becoming more accessible using sophisticated tools such as laptops, internet-based smartphones.
Page(s): 733-738 Date of Publication: 18 September 2021
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Chip’s vocabulary can be immediately associated with the sign of the beast in Revelation 13. And the chip itself has developed rapidly, especially to become functional because of the stagnation of nervous function, especially in regulating limb movement. That’s why in the medical world, the imposition of chips is a new hope for the contents of human life to function again. The effect of chip imposition is not null, there is an impact mainly on chip calibration and disturbance to the patient. The study of the diffusion of innovation theory requires the principle or principle of compatibility so that the product is of value to humans. The marks worn by both the name written on the human forehead and the number 666 on the human hand, the context is the transfer of worship from Christ to living idols. The crisis before the day of the Parousia indicates that the righteous should equip themselves with the freedom to choose to remain obedient to Christ or to turn to the beast and his image.
Page(s): 739-744 Date of Publication: 18 September 2021
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Ever-changing technology has resulted in changes within museums and museum practices to accommodate visitors’ needs. Such changes, seek to include the people being represented in museum exhibitions and interpretations. With physical space constraint as a common dilemma, virtual spaces have the potential of becoming extensions of the physical so as to reach and include a broader audience. However, instead of becoming inclusive, the virtual space is becoming a replica of the physical space associated with the exclusiveness. As a result, inclusive participatory culture becomes a challenge. Utilising a multi-disciplinary framework, the paper draws from post-colonial studies, cultural studies, social and cultural history, art history and museum studies, The British Museum website is chosen as an example of the digital representation of artefacts representing other cultures and is analysed as a case study to highlight the importance of inclusive participation in the representation of the ‘other’– particularly Black ‘others’. The paper suggests that digital representation can bring about an all-embracing perspective and multiplicity of interpretations only when combined with a critical contextual approach through an inclusive participatory culture.
Page(s): 745-755 Date of Publication: 20 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5843Download PDF
The issue of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has become of global concern, and it is assuming an alarming rate in many parts of the world. The problem is becoming more worrisome in Nigeria as the number of internally displaced persons keeps skyrocketing every day. Internal displacement in Nigeria is due to upsurge of political violence, insurgency, communal clashes, militancy, religious unrests, and most recently farmers and herders’ clashes. This study assessed the psychosocial problems of internally displaced women in IDPs camps in Guma LGA of Benue State, Nigeria and the implications for counselling. The study was guided by two specific objectives. Two research questions were raised and answered in the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 2,739 women in internally displaced camps in Guma LGA of Benue State. The sample size used for the study was 117 respondents. The sampling technique adopted for the study was accidental sampling technique. A structured questionnaire titled “Psychosocial Problems of Internally Displaced Women” was developed by the researcher and was used as instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was duly validated by two experts in Guidance and Counselling and also an expert in the field of Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability of the instrument was tested using Cronbach’s alpha method and it yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.878. Data for the study was collected with a face to face administration of copies of the instrument to the respondents with the aid of three trained research assistants who visited the IDPs camps. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. From the data analyzed, the study found that internally displaced women in Guma IDP Camps of Benue state are engulfed with a lot of psychological problems like trauma, stress, neglects, anxiety and depression among others. The study also found that lack of food, fear, loneliness; feelings of shame and stigmatization among others are the sociological problems that the IDP women in Guma camps are experiencing. In view of the findings, it was therefore recommended that Government at all levels, Non-Governmental Organizations and Individuals should play proactive roles in attending to the problems identified in this study such as trauma, stress, loneliness, feelings of neglect and lack of food among others.
Page(s): 756-760 Date of Publication: 20 September 2021
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The care of children with motor impairments is a global concern. Their psychological wellbeing is a great concern for those living with them. This study aimed at investigating the quality of care given to these children and their psychological wellbeing in Embu County, Kenya. The study adopted cross-sectional research design to collect data. A sample size of 80 participants was selected using census method. Data were collected using the Ryff’s psychological wellbeing scale, a sociodemographic questionnaire and a self-developed questionnaire for assessment of quality of care given to the differently abled children. The study findings showed that the quality of care given to the differently abled children in the family, residential institutions and educational institutions has weak positive and significant correlation with personal growth domain of the psychological wellbeing scale (r= 0.320, p<0.05; r= 0.329, p<0.05; and r=0.449, p>0.05 respectively. The results imply that enhancing the quality of care to differently abled children is vital in the psychological health of differently abled children.
Page(s): 761-766 Date of Publication: 21 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5844Download PDF
This study focused on barriers of inclusive education to learners with visual impairment in an inclusive setting: the experiences of teachers and visually impaired learners in Sefula in Zambia. A qualitative research method was used to collect data in an inclusive environment at Sefula Combined School and Sefula Secondary School in Mongu district. The total sample for the study was 12 participants comprising 6 learners with visual impairment, 4 subject teachers and 2 administrators. Purposive sampling was applied in the selection of the participants. The study found that school administrators, teachers and visually impaired learners welcomed inclusive education with both hands and were doing their level best to implement it. However, administrators, teachers and learners with visual impairment experienced a number of challenges’ which extended from infrastructure, teaching methods, less time allocated to teaching and learning in class, lack of teaching and learning resources and lack of specialized teachers to handle learners with visual impairment in an inclusive setting. The study also brought out a few strategies being employed by teachers in class in order to help the visually impaired learners benefit in an inclusive classroom.
Page(s): 767-774 Date of Publication: 21 September 2021
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This study sought to establish whether stakeholder participation in monitoring, influenced road transport sector performance of in Bushenyi District. The study adopted a cross-sectional design using both quantitative and qualitative research approaches on a sample of 112 respondents. Quantitative data involved the use of descriptive statistics particularly frequencies, percentages and the mean. Inferential analysis methods were correlation and regression. The main findings of the study were that stakeholder participation in monitoring had a positive influence on road transport sector performance in in Bushenyi District. Therefore, it was concluded that stakeholder participation in monitoring is a necessary requirement for road transport sector performance. Thus, it was recommended that stakeholder participation in monitoring should be made apriority in implementation of road transport sector projects to enhance performance of road transport sector; and stakeholder feedback should be encouraged.
Page(s): 775-782 Date of Publication: 21 September 2021
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Technology is one of the main elements in a development, where technological developments will affect change. Including the development of information technology is able to change a society into an information society. Where the information society is a society that makes information as something that has economic and strategic value. Including in the agricultural sector, where the millennial generation supports the development of agriculture with the use of technology. The millennial generation is also active in agriculture, giving rise to the name of millennial farmers. Especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, interactions between farmers and farmers with extension workers were limited, and they had to use media to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The purpose of this research is to see how the use of communication media as development communication in millennial farmer groups in Yogyakarta. The informants in this study were millennial farmers from the Yogyakarta area, namely: Kulonprogo, Bantul, Sleman, Gunung Kidul and Jogjakarta districts. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, documentation, and focus group discussions (FGD). The data analysis technique was carried out in a qualitative descriptive way. The results of the study indicate the use of communication technology by millennial farmers as a medium for seeking information related to agriculture and as a medium for disseminating agricultural information to the public.
Page(s): 783-787 Date of Publication: 21 September 2021
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This research is motivated by the term waste and ba kojo as a communication event of the community living together at the Taipa Beach shelter due to the earthquake on September 28th, 2018, in Palu city. The purpose of this study is to describe and know in-depth the communication patterns between fellow disaster survivors and between disaster survivors and related parties, in this case, the Palu city government, both verbal and nonverbal. To achieve this goal, the researcher uses an ethnographic approach to communication through qualitative methods. Determination of informants as many as 14 (fourteen) people using purposive sampling. The instrument in this study used participant observation and non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Technique analysis data using interactive model analysis data by Miles and Huberman with triangulating methods, the sources of data, and theories. The leading idea used as a reference in this study is the ethnography of communication by Hymes with combined of Berger’s approach in terms of social life and related to the dialectic of externalization, objectivation, and internalization. The results of this study reveal: (1) the communication patterns of fellow Taipa beach disaster survivors are influenced by the state of the environment where they live through transcendental communication. (2) The communication pattern of disaster survivors with related parties (government) has experienced many obstacles due to the relationship with bureaucratic communication patterns.
Page(s): 788-792 Date of Publication: 21 September 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5845Download PDF
Managing resources is ensuring that employees and organizations achieve high levels of performance. However, in many organizations the performance of workers in different working conditions is less compared to their full potential in terms of skills, abilities and capacities. Aim: of this study was to examine the effect of workplace conflict stress on the performance of Nurses in Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Method: The study used explanatory study design. The target population was 2453 nurses working at Kenyatta National hospital. This study adopted stratified sampling technique. Selection of the respondents was through simple random sampling, a sample size of 332 respondents. Questionnaires were utilized in collecting primary data. The researcher used both inferential statistics and descriptive analysis in analyzing quantitative data. Results: The study found that workplace conflict stress had a positive significant relationship with the performance of nurses in Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Conclusion: The study concluded that workplace conflict had psychological as well as the physiological effects on both workers and managers, impacting their health and job efficiency, and it is a leading cause of absenteeism and low employee turnover. Recommendation: The study recommended that Managers must understand and realize that the value they add to the company is in their dealings with people in order to cope with stress more effectively.
Page(s): 793-797 Date of Publication: 21 September 2021
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The research work, the impact of environmental management practice on groundwater quality in Mubi was investigated. The investigation was carried out base on water pollution sources, which include Septic Tank, Cesspool, Deep Discharge Injection of waste, refuse disposal, Fertilizers, pit latrines Waste/dead decayed matter, Insecticides /herbicides chemicals, and groundwater infiltration and percolation. A total of eight sampling points were selected from different sources from which water was obtained by the public, and analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for indicators of faecal pollution, heavy metals and other contaminants. The study revealed that the content of pH, TDS, Total hardness, Chloride, Sodium and Potassium, Sulphate, Fluoride and Coliforms, were ranged 6.87-8.50, 1210-1520mg/L,127-295mg/L, 51-81mg/L, 20-54mg/L and 12-33mg/L,36-57mg/L,0.75-1.25mg/L and 130-180cfu/100ml, respectively. It shows that there is high contents of TDS, Total Hardness and Coliforms above the recommended maximum permissible limit prescribed for drinking water quality by WHO, (2013)..
Page(s): 798-802 Date of Publication: 22 September 2021
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The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the effect of situational leadership and teacher performance on the quality of vocational high school education services in Pringsewu Regency. This research is a quantitative research with ex-post facto method. This study uses a random sampling technique with a sample of 425 teachers. Data was collected using a questionnaire in the form of a questionnaire. Hypothesis testing using simple linear regression analysis and multiple regression analysis through the F test and t test to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable at the 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that: (a) situational leadership had a positive and significant effect on the quality of educational services by 33%, (b) teacher performance had a positive and significant effect on the quality of educational services by 24%, and (c) situational leadership and teacher performance had a positive effect, and significant to the quality of education services by 45%.
Page(s): 803-809 Date of Publication: 23 September 2021
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Page(s): 810-817 Date of Publication: 23 September 2021
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This article aims to correct religious pedagogies that teach the end-of-the-world conspiracy theories to the effect that Coronavirus or any natural pandemic has anything to do with it as a sort of dress rehearsal for doomsday. The significance of the paper lies in contributing to Science-led Religious pedagogies in tertiary institutions being able to assure the learner or inculcate the notion that while Coronavirus or any pandemic may literally spell the end of the world for any of us in the blink of an eye and already has done so for some four million people worldwide, Science-led Religious Studies pedagogies should assure us that the planet’s demise is literally billions of years away, notwithstanding the ravages of global warming and climate change or the warnings of some world Scriptures, especially of the Abrahamic religions. Due to the Covid-19 lockdown conditions in which research led to this article, the author used secondary research or desk research as a research method. This involved collecting and interpreting already existing data, especially on the internet and social media. Using hermeneutics of suspicion, the author was able to get beyond the surface of conspiracy theories surrounding the end of the world due to Covid-19. The article contributes to the body of knowledge on the end of the world by giving an alternative apocalyptic interpretation that sees apocalypse as a positive oral metaphor for cosmic renewal. The article concludes that rather than compute the minute, hour, day, month and year of the demise of planet earth due to Coronavirus or any pandemic, our efforts are best expended in striving to be our authentic selves, being our brothers’ and sisters’ keepers by taking good care of the common habitat we call earth and plugging ourselves to whatever deity or deities we profess.
Page(s): 818-824 Date of Publication: 23 September 2021
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This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between management remuneration and financial performance of selected listed companies in Nairobi Securities exchange and adopted quantitative research method while utilising secondary data from the companies’ websites and the 2016 – 2018 annual financial reports and stratified and criterion sampling. The study considered salary, benefits, bonus and allowances on remuneration and ROA and ROE for financial performance. Based on analysis using both descriptive and inferential analysis (Spearman correlation analysis) in the Stata statistical software, the study has established that, the financial performance (ROA and ROE) differed from company to company in the three years evaluated, with, average annual ROA and ROE both decreasing from 3.5 and 0.113 to 3.1 and 0.068 respectively. Management remuneration strategies also differed from company to company with salary (all companies) and benefits (83.3%) being the most utilised. Bonus was the only management remuneration strategy that significantly correlated with ROE (r value= 0.4737) and ROA (r value= 0.3941). It is thus recommended that organisation to leverage management remuneration strategies such as salary, benefits and bonus to improve overall financial performance.
Page(s): 825-831 Date of Publication: 23 September 2021
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