Art and Climate Crisis: The Effectiveness of Visual Narratives in Addressing Climate Change

Art and Climate Crisis: The Effectiveness of Visual Narratives in Addressing Climate Change

Nor Afian Yusof¹, Maharam Mamat², Lim Kar Keng³, Jamsari Alias⁴, Norazila Mat⁵

School of Liberal Studies, The National University of Malaysia

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.907000506

Received: 16 July 2025; Accepted: 25 July 2025; Published: 25 August 2025

ABSTRACT

Climate change is a global crisis that demands a multidimensional approach to foster awareness and catalyze action. This article explores the role of visual narratives in contemporary art as a tool for engaging the public with the complex realities of climate change. Employing a qualitative analysis of selected artworks, the study examines visual strategies such as symbolism, emotional aesthetics, and interactive media through case studies of artists including Olafur Eliasson, Zaria Forman, and John Akomfrah. The findings reveal that visual art can effectively convey environmental messages by bridging emotional and cognitive engagement; however, key challenges remain, such as interpretive ambiguity, accessibility barriers, and the lack of empirical assessment. To address these limitations, the article emphasizes the need for incorporating descriptive statistics, audience research, and social media analytics to evaluate impact, as well as expanding case studies across diverse cultural and geographic contexts for greater inclusivity. Ultimately, this study positions visual art as both a creative and evidence-driven medium, capable of not only inspiring awareness but also promoting measurable behavioral change when supported by interdisciplinary collaboration and systematic evaluation.

Keywords: visual art, climate change, visual narratives, environmental awareness, art activism

INTRODUCTION

Climate change is now widely recognized as the greatest existential threat to human survival and global ecosystems. Recent reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [10] emphasize that rising global temperatures, persistent greenhouse gas emissions, polar ice melting, and extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes increasingly underscore the severity of this crisis. These changes not only impact the environment but also threaten socio-economic stability, public health, and global security.

In facing these challenges, conventional approaches relying solely on scientific data and government policies are insufficient to drive widespread behavioral change [7]. Therefore, attention is increasingly turning to other sectors, including art and culture, as alternative mediums with significant potential to shape public narratives about climate change. Visual art, in particular, possesses a unique ability to balance the rational and emotional dimensions of humanity; it can transform dry statistics into representations that touch the soul, stimulate empathy, and encourage critical reflection [4].

The importance of art in addressing global issues is increasingly acknowledged, especially in contexts such as social justice, human rights, and environmental change. Art serves not only as a medium of expression but also as an effective advocacy tool for conveying complex messages to diverse audiences [11]. Artworks can transcend language, cultural, and disciplinary boundaries, making them essential instruments in empowering public discourse on global crises. In an era dominated by visual communication, art’s ability to shape perceptions, build collective imagination, and mobilize social action becomes ever more relevant.

Within this framework, the concept of visual narratives is key. Visual narratives refer to the use of imagery, symbols, and visual arrangements to construct storytelling that conveys specific meanings, emotions, and values to audiences [8]. Unlike written text or oral speech, visual narratives function multisensorily, allowing messages to be absorbed intuitively and emotionally. In the context of climate change, visual narratives play a crucial role in connecting scientific information with everyday human experiences, making issues that often seem abstract and distant feel more tangible and urgent to viewers (Buckland, 2012).

Visual narratives in art aim not only to represent current realities but also to imagine alternative futures, critique systemic injustices, and inspire collective aspirations toward a more sustainable world. Thus, understanding how visual narratives function and are applied in artworks is essential for assessing the true potential of art in empowering societal responses to climate change.

Against this background, this article aims to discuss in depth how visual narratives are used in art to address climate change. The discussion will focus on visual strategies employed by artists, the psychological and social impacts they generate, and the potential of art to strengthen environmental awareness movements. By examining contemporary works and evaluating relevant academic literature, this article seeks to highlight the critical role of visual art in the modern landscape of climate communication.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is important because it investigates the role of visual art as an effective tool for raising public awareness about climate change, a growing global crisis. In facing the challenges of climate change, scientific communication alone is insufficient to drive large-scale social change. Therefore, visual art offers a more emotional and accessible approach to conveying climate change messages to broader audiences, including those less exposed to scientific or environmental policy discourses [7].

Additionally, this study focuses on how visual narratives in art can empower communities to take collective action, not only to understand the problem but also to formulate creative solutions. By exploring the challenges and opportunities in using visual art for climate advocacy, this study will enrich understanding of new ways to disseminate more inclusive and effective environmental messages.

Furthermore, this study will provide insights into how collaborations between artists and scientists, as well as the use of social media platforms and digital art, can enhance the impact of art in accelerating climate action. Thus, this study contributes not only to the fields of art and science but also offers valuable input for public policy formation and social movements that are more sensitive to environmental issues.

In the increasingly challenging landscape of climate change communication, art emerges as an important medium that connects complex scientific data with human experiences in an emotional and imaginative way. Visual art does not merely convey information; it serves as a cultural bridge linking scientific facts with everyday realities, enabling climate messages to be delivered more deeply and sustainably [7].

Artists use various forms of expression—painting, sculpture, photography, film, installations, and street art—to depict the effects of climate change and provoke public responses. Through the power of aesthetics and visual narratives, art offers space for critical reflection, empathy, and social imagination about possible futures. This makes art an effective tool for bridging the “cognitive gap” between scientific understanding of climate and personal, emotional human experiences.

One influential example is Olafur Eliasson’s Ice Watch (2014), which displayed real ice blocks brought from Greenland in public spaces in Copenhagen and London. By allowing audiences to see, touch, and feel the melting ice, this work transported a distant geophysical phenomenon into the bodily experience of urban viewers [5]. This direct interaction reinforced awareness of the rapid pace of climate change, which is difficult to grasp through data and numbers alone.

Moreover, art challenges the apocalyptic narratives often driven by mass media in reporting the climate crisis. Narratives overly focused on destruction and human helplessness risk causing “climate fatigue”—a state where individuals feel too exhausted and powerless to act (Ballew et al., 2019). This is where the role of art becomes critical: by offering empowering alternative visions, art can ignite imagination about sustainable futures and encourage positive collective action.

By creating space for emotions, empathy, and hope, visual art empowers audiences to see themselves not merely as passive witnesses to climate change but as agents of change. By combining the power of visual representation and aesthetic experience, art forms a vital dimension in global efforts to build awareness and foster cultural transformation toward a greener and more just future.

VISUAL STRATEGIES AND COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN CLIMATE ART

Climate change art is not limited to aesthetic depictions but involves the use of profound visual strategies to influence audience thoughts and emotions. In this regard, artists employ various complex visual communication techniques to overcome the significant challenge of conveying broad and technical climate change issues to general audiences. Through metaphors, symbolism, interactivity, and immersive experiences, art strives to bring global issues into more intimate and comprehensible spaces.

One of the most effective strategies is the use of natural symbolism. Artists often utilize elements of nature such as water, ice, forests, and animals as symbols to illustrate the fragile relationship between humans and their environment. For example, Olafur Eliasson’s artworks like Ice Watch (2014) and The Weather Project (2003) incorporate ice and weather symbolism as metaphors for the increasingly tangible threats of climate change. The use of natural elements allows audiences to feel the strength and vulnerability of nature, reminding them of its direct impact on daily life (Eliasson, 2014; Bishop, 2012).

Additionally, visual metaphors play a crucial role in translating scientific phenomena that are difficult to explain with words. Works like Zaria Forman’s paintings, which depict melting ice and collapsing glacier landscapes, exemplify how art can visualize ecological changes invisible to the naked eye. In these works, Forman uses color, form, and composition to convey the tension between the beauty of nature and its vulnerability due to global warming [6].

Immersive and interactive approaches also play a significant role in climate change art. Art projects that incorporate physical space and bodily experiences have a far deeper impact in connecting audiences with climate issues. For instance, artworks like The Weather Project (2003) by Olafur Eliasson use light and space to create emotional experiences that fully envelop viewers, sparking reflection on humanity’s place in a changing universe. Art that physically engages audiences leaves a more profound impression because it invites emotional and cognitive involvement, making climate issues more relevant and urgent in everyday contexts (Eliasson, 2003).

Visual communication techniques in climate change art can also be seen in street art, which has flourished as a medium for delivering climate messages directly to the public. Murals and graffiti, such as those by Greenpeace and Banksy, often adorn city walls, reminding passersby of climate threats and the need for urgent action. For example, Greenpeace’s Sea Level Rise mural depicts the threat of rising sea levels due to climate change while engaging local communities in building social awareness about the issue [9].

Through these strategies, visual art not only educates audiences about climate change but also encourages them to act. By creating spaces for reflection, emotional experiences, and visual activism, art conveys not only facts but also raises awareness and empowers social action in the face of growing environmental challenges.

CASE STUDIES: ANALYSIS OF ARTWORKS IN THE CLIMATE AWARENESS MOVEMENT

In studying climate change art, it is important to examine how leading artists use visual mediums to influence awareness and action on climate issues. Three artists who have made significant contributions to the climate art movement are Olafur Eliasson, Zaria Forman, and John Akomfrah. Each employs distinct visual techniques to deliver their messages, yet together they demonstrate the importance of art in sparking global discussions about this ecological crisis.

Olafur Eliasson: Immersive Experiences and Ecological Reflection

Olafur Eliasson, a Danish-Icelandic artist, is known for works that combine natural elements with spatial experiences that transform how we interact with the world. Ice Watch (2014) is one of the best examples of how Eliasson uses physical objects to bring climate change issues into public spaces. In Ice Watch, ice blocks from Greenland were displayed in open areas in Copenhagen and London, giving audiences the opportunity to see and physically feel the melting of glaciers due to global warming.

Ice Watch by Olafur Eliasson

Source: https://olafureliasson.net/artwork/ice-watch-2014/

This work highlights the power of art in making climate change more tangible and relatable to everyday life. Through art, Eliasson successfully moves audiences to recognize changes occurring on a much larger and deeper scale than conventional scientific data. By using visible and tactile objects, Eliasson creates a space for personal reflection on the impacts of climate change on our planet [5]. Works like this combine interactivity and emotion, making art an effective medium for educating and motivating society to confront the climate crisis.

Zaria Forman: Visual Representations of Beauty and Vulnerability

Zaria Forman, an American artist renowned for hyper-realistic landscape paintings, also plays a significant role in raising awareness about climate change. Forman’s works focus on images of glaciers, oceans, and natural forms threatened by global warming. One of her series, Shifting Horizons, depicts melting ice landscapes—visualizations that challenge viewers to contemplate the balance between nature’s beauty and the potential destruction caused by the climate crisis.

One of the Antarctica series, Zaria Forman’s painting exhibited at Winston Wächter Fine Art Gallery, New York.

Source:  https://seattle.winstonwachter.com/exhibitions/antarctica-zaria-forman/

Forman uses soft colors and meticulous details to portray captivating natural scenes while simultaneously evoking a sense of vulnerability to the destructive effects of climate change. Her paintings not only document nature’s beauty but also warn of its ongoing devastation [6]. Through the use of delicate and mesmerizing artistic techniques, Forman effectively communicates climate narratives, stirring audiences to feel the potential loss if immediate action is not taken.

John Akomfrah: Visual Narratives and Climate Justice Issues

John Akomfrah, a British filmmaker and artist, uses film to explore issues of climate change, social justice, and ecology in his works. In Purple (2017), Akomfrah combines historical footage with abstract visuals to narrate the relationship between humans and the natural environment. The film integrates elements of nature, industrial imagery, and historical stories into a profound visual narrative, prompting reflection on the impacts of ecological and economic imbalances on our planet.

A scene from Purple by John Akomfrah

Source:  https://hirshhorn.si.edu/exhibitions/john-akomfrah-purple/#gallery-1

Purple employs powerful visuals to depict environmental destruction caused by human actions, emphasizing that climate change is not only an environmental issue but also a profound social one. Through his films, Akomfrah shows how climate change directly impacts the most marginalized, introducing climate justice as a crucial aspect of the discussion [1].

Through the analysis of works by Olafur Eliasson, Zaria Forman, and John Akomfrah, we can see how artists use various mediums to respond to the climate crisis. Eliasson uses physical objects and space to create immersive experiences, Forman employs hyper-realistic paintings to warn of nature’s destruction, and Akomfrah uses film to intertwine social and environmental issues. These three artists demonstrate how visual art is not only entertaining but also capable of raising awareness, shifting perceptions, and encouraging action against climate change. In this context, art is not merely an aesthetic medium but also a tool for social and environmental advocacy.

IMPACT ON PUBLIC AWARENESS AND ACTION.

How Art Changes Perceptions and Behaviour Toward the Environment

Art has the power to change how we view and act toward the environment. By delivering messages rooted in emotion, aesthetics, and profound narratives, art can enrich our understanding of climate change and environmental challenges. Through visual representation, art not only depicts problems but also reveals their direct implications for our lives, influencing attitudes, thoughts, and individual actions on the issue.

Visual art depicting the effects of climate change—such as melting glaciers, biodiversity loss, or ecosystem destruction—encourages audiences to become more concerned about the planet’s condition. Thus, art becomes an important tool in sparking a sense of individual responsibility to act. For example, artworks depicting the threat of rising sea levels can provoke personal reflection on actions needed to reduce carbon footprints or support environmental protection policies.

Moreover, art can drive emotional change and collective behaviour. Studies show that art exhibitions focusing on environmental issues increase awareness of climate change and encourage follow-up actions such as involvement in environmental activism, reduced plastic use, or support for environmental policies (Meikle, 2015). Through interaction with artworks, audiences are invited to see not only what is happening but also what can be done to prevent further destruction.

The Relationship Between Art, Advocacy, and Public Policy.

Art often plays a significant role in advocacy for social and environmental change, particularly in advocating for greener public policies. Visual art, film, and performance art have been used by many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social movements to draw attention to climate change and push for environmental policy reforms. In this regard, art serves as a bridge between public awareness and policy action.

One compelling example is the role of art in climate advocacy by organizations like Greenpeace and 350.org. Through global art projects and exhibitions, they have successfully garnered media attention and sparked public conversations about the need for urgent climate action. For instance, murals and visual installations displayed by Greenpeace in urban areas often aim to deliver critical messages about climate threats, hoping to influence public opinion and, subsequently, government policies [9].

Art has also been used to encourage policy changes through awareness campaigns and social movements. Artworks that challenge conventional paradigms or depict the consequences of climate change often have a significant impact on policymakers. For example, art projects like The People’s Climate March (2014) in New York demonstrated how art and activism can combine to influence public policy, prompting governments and international organizations to take stronger action on climate issues.

Furthermore, art provides space for open dialogue about climate policy and enables discussions on issues that may be difficult to address. For instance, art exhibitions or installations related to climate change are often followed by discussions and seminars involving activists, researchers, and community leaders. This creates platforms for idea exchange and strengthens art’s role in social advocacy.

Art has a profound impact on public awareness of climate change. It transforms how we view environmental issues, provokes personal and collective action, and plays a vital role in environmental advocacy and the formation of more competitive public policies. By depicting the effects of climate change through powerful visual narratives, art serves as a medium that mobilizes society to act—whether through individual behavioral changes, policy support, or involvement in environmental activism. Thus, art is not only a reflection of culture but also a powerful tool in the global fight against the climate crisis.

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN CLIMATE CHANGE ART.

Challenges in Using Art for Climate Advocacy

Although art has great potential to educate the public about climate change and influence awareness, several challenges must be addressed. One major challenge is differing interpretations of visual narratives. Art, by its subjective and open-to-interpretation nature, can produce varied meanings and reactions. This means the messages artists intend to convey may be misinterpreted or overlooked by some audiences. For example, art exhibitions depicting natural disasters or ecosystem destruction may be seen by some as strong warnings, while others may view them merely as entertainment without deeper impact. As Miles (2014) explains, visual narratives are often open to multiple interpretations, which can sometimes deviate from the artist’s original intent.

Accessibility and elitism are also significant issues in the art world. Art exhibitions held in prestigious galleries or limited urban areas may only be accessible to elite or economically privileged groups. This can hinder the involvement of less privileged communities in understanding or responding to climate change issues. While art has the power to influence public awareness, it remains constrained by accessibility barriers, especially when climate-related art exhibitions are not delivered inclusively or fail to reach rural or marginalized communities.

Additionally, limited impact is another major challenge. Art alone may not be enough to change public policies or trigger significant action in addressing the climate crisis. Although art can raise awareness and stir emotions, it must be combined with broader social movements, such as advocacy campaigns or support from governments and businesses, to produce more tangible and effective policy changes (Burke et al., 2018). Without support from other stakeholders involved in policy development, art alone may be unable to create large-scale impacts in global or national contexts.

Addressing the Limitations and Challenges of Climate Change Art

Although climate change art holds strong potential for influencing public awareness, it faces several significant limitations that must be addressed for greater impact. These include differing interpretations of visual narratives, accessibility and elitism, limited measurable impact, and the lack of empirical evidence to validate effectiveness. The following strategies are proposed to overcome these challenges:

1. Establishing Interpretive Frameworks to Reduce Ambiguity.

To overcome the challenge of differing interpretations in climate change art, it is essential to develop clear and inclusive interpretive frameworks that support audience understanding while preserving artistic freedom. Art is inherently subjective, but this subjectivity can become a limitation when the intended message—especially one as urgent and complex as climate change—is misunderstood, diluted, or entirely lost on the audience.

A practical solution is the development and implementation of curatorial and communicative guidelines that accompany visual artworks. These can take several forms:

• Artist or Curator Statements: Short narratives accompanying the artwork to explain intention, symbolism, and environmental context.
• Wall Texts and Descriptive Labels: Providing additional context by linking the artwork to specific climate issues, data, or socio-political dimensions.
• Multimedia Interpretation Tools: QR codes, augmented reality layers, and audio guides that deepen understanding while allowing personal interpretation.
• Interactive Digital Platforms: Online resources, artist interviews, and scientific explanations that triangulate perspectives without oversimplifying the message.

Collaboration between artists, scientists, and communication specialists is highly recommended to ensure accuracy and clarity. Furthermore, piloting and evaluating interpretive strategies through audience feedback can refine future practices, making climate narratives more accessible and impactful across diverse cultural and demographic groups.

2. Audience Research and Evaluation Frameworks.

Another critical step is to develop audience-centered strategies that measure how people engage with climate change art. Conducting structured audience research—such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups—can provide insights into how different demographic and cultural groups perceive and respond to visual narratives. This understanding allows for more inclusive and effective communication strategies tailored to diverse communities.

In addition, creating robust evaluation frameworks is essential for systematically assessing the impact of art initiatives. These frameworks should go beyond subjective impressions and include measurable indicators such as changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Metrics may include attendance figures, engagement rates on social media, and participation in follow-up climate actions. Using mixed-method approaches that combine qualitative insights with quantitative data (e.g., web analytics, survey statistics) provides a more comprehensive evaluation of effectiveness.

3. Expanding Cultural and Geographic Diversity

The current focus on Western artists and artworks limits the generalizability of findings. Future studies should expand to include a broader range of cultural and regional perspectives. Artists from Asia, Africa, and Latin America often address climate issues such as rising sea levels, deforestation, drought, and socio-political inequalities in ways that resonate with local realities. Incorporating these voices enriches thematic diversity and strengthens the global relevance of climate art as a communication tool.

4. Incorporating Empirical Evidence for Measurable Impact

To validate the effectiveness of climate change art, researchers must integrate empirical data into the analysis. This includes:

• Surveys and Interviews: Collecting audience feedback on awareness, emotional response, and behavioral intentions after viewing climate art.
• Case Studies: Documenting successful initiatives with measurable outcomes such as social media engagement, public participation, and policy influence.
• Longitudinal Studies: Assessing whether exposure to climate art leads to sustained behavioral change over time.

Empirical studies already demonstrate the potential of climate art. For example, Sommer and Klöckner (2021) reported that 63% of participants at the ArtCOP21 event in Paris experienced increased climate awareness, and 28% expressed stronger pro-environmental intentions after viewing climate-related artworks. Similarly, Olafur Eliasson’s Ice Watch installation attracted thousands of visitors and received extensive media coverage, amplifying its message globally (Eliasson, 2014). These findings underscore the importance of combining creative strategies with systematic evaluation to maximize the societal impact of art in climate communication.

By implementing interpretive guidelines, conducting audience research, expanding cultural representation, and integrating empirical evidence, climate change art can evolve into a more effective, measurable, and globally inclusive tool for environmental advocacy. These enhancements will ensure that art not only inspires but also produces tangible outcomes in addressing the climate crisis.

5. Incorporating Descriptive Statistics and Experimental Approaches.

To enhance the objectivity of research on climate change art, future studies should include descriptive statistical analyses that quantify the impact of artistic interventions. While qualitative interpretations provide rich insights into meaning-making, numerical evidence strengthens credibility and allows for comparative evaluation across contexts. For example, reporting the percentage of visitors who demonstrate improved understanding, emotional resonance, or behavioral intentions after engaging with climate art can offer a clearer picture of its effectiveness.

In addition, integrating empirical data through systematic measurement tools can validate the communicative power of visual art. This includes:

• Social Media Analytics: Analyzing the reach, impressions, shares, comments, and engagement rates of digital campaigns or climate art installations circulated on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, or YouTube. Metrics such as engagement-to-impression ratios can reveal the extent of public interaction and message amplification.
• Controlled Experiments or Quasi-Experiments: Designing experimental studies that expose one group to climate art interventions while maintaining a control group allows researchers to assess causal effects on awareness, attitudes, and pro-environmental behaviors. Behavioral measures—such as willingness to donate, sign petitions, or participate in environmental activism—can provide tangible indicators of impact.
• Comparative Benchmarking: Comparing the performance of different types of artworks (e.g., immersive installations vs. digital campaigns) in terms of emotional engagement and behavioral outcomes can inform best practices for climate communication through art.

By combining descriptive statistics with experimental and observational methods, researchers can move beyond anecdotal or interpretive claims toward a more evidence-based framework. Such an approach not only elevates the scientific rigor of art-based climate communication research but also provides actionable data for cultural institutions, policymakers, and advocacy organizations seeking to leverage art for systemic environmental change.

Opportunities in Climate Change Art

However, many growing opportunities exist for using art to address climate change. Digital art and social media platforms offer opportunities to reach wider and more diverse audiences, regardless of location or social background. Digital art, such as animations, graphics, and videos, allows artists to deliver messages in more dynamic and interactive ways, appealing to younger generations more engaged on social media platforms. For example, climate art campaigns on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube have successfully captured public attention and encouraged dialogue about the climate crisis, including through creative challenges and educational videos (Rogers, 2020).

Moreover, collaborations between artists and scientists open avenues for innovation in delivering climate change messages. Artists working alongside scientific experts can produce artworks that not only present climate issues in engaging and understandable ways but are also grounded in credible scientific data. Collaborations like the Climate Museum in New York create spaces where scientific knowledge and art merge to provide clearer pictures of climate impacts and potential solutions [14].

With such technological and multidisciplinary collaborations, art becomes not only a medium for reflection but also a tool for action. This opens opportunities for broader societal engagement and creative thinking about climate solutions, strengthening art’s potential to become a genuine agent of social change.

While challenges exist in using art for climate change advocacy, growing opportunities offer ways to expand art’s impact on public awareness and action. By integrating digital art, social media, and artist-scientist collaborations, art can continue to play a vital role in shaping climate discussions and mobilizing society toward more sustainable actions. Thus, art is not only a tool for critique but also a change agent with significant potential to influence public policies and transform our interaction with the environment.

CONCLUSION

This article has highlighted the vital role of visual art in addressing climate change by demonstrating how visual narratives operate as powerful tools for raising awareness, shaping public perceptions, and fostering climate-conscious behaviors. Through various forms of expression such as painting, sculpture, photography, and installations, art provides a compelling medium for translating scientific realities into emotionally resonant experiences that inspire empathy and motivate action. By bridging the gap between complex environmental data and human experience, art amplifies climate communication beyond traditional scientific discourse.

However, this study also recognizes key limitations, including the challenges of differing interpretations, issues of accessibility and elitism, and the lack of systematic evidence on the actual impact of climate art initiatives. To overcome these constraints, future research should integrate empirical methodologies such as descriptive statistics, audience surveys, and social media analytics to quantify engagement and behavioral outcomes. Additionally, adopting experimental and mixed-method approaches will provide more objective evidence of art’s influence, while expanding the scope to include diverse cultural and geographical contexts will ensure greater inclusivity and relevance in global climate discourse.

Ultimately, by combining creative expression with rigorous empirical evaluation, climate change art can evolve from an inspiring medium into a strategic, evidence-based instrument for environmental advocacy. Such an approach not only enriches theoretical understanding at the intersection of art and climate communication but also translates into actionable strategies for mobilizing public imagination, fostering critical reflection, and inspiring collective action toward a sustainable future.

Ethical Considerations

This article does not involve human participants or animals; therefore, ethical approval was not required. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

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