Mediating Effect of Happiness on the Relationship Between Burnout and Work-Life Satisfaction of Radiologic Technologists

Mediating Effect of Happiness on the Relationship Between Burnout and Work-Life Satisfaction of Radiologic Technologists

Ricky James R. Agustin*

Mariano Marcos State University, Tuao, Cagayan Valley, Philippines

*Corresponding Author

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.916SCO0015

Received: 03 August 2025; Accepted: 09 August 2025; Published: 08 September 2025

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess the mediating effect of happiness on the relationship between burnout and work-life satisfaction of radiologic technologists in Cagayan Valley. The present study employed a descriptive-correlational research design to collect data from participants. A survey instrument used compete enumeration and was administered to a sample of seventy-three (73) Radiologic Technologists employed in hospitals located in the Cagayan Valley region. Utilizing descriptive statistics and adhering to the 5-point Likert scale, mean averages and medgraphs were employed for the purpose of conducting mediation analysis. The data collected were systematically organized, tabulated, and interpreted. The findings indicate that respondents exhibit moderate levels of burnout, possess a high level on their happiness, and demonstrate moderate level with regards to their work-life satisfaction. There has been a significant orrelation between burnout and work life satisfaction, but as to the mediation effect of happiness to the variables, there is no significate correlation, therefore there is no mediation. It is therefore recommended for the future researches to utilize other possible mediating factors with the same variables, or utilize happiness as mediation with other variables.

Keywords: Mediation, Social Science, Descriptive Correlational, Complete Enumeration, and Tuguegarao City

INTRODUCTION

Happiness can be described as how it influences employees’ quality of life, contentment, and performance within an organization. In a 2020 study in India by Nivethitha Santhanam and Sharan Srinivas explored the role of happiness as a moderator and explained how engagement influenced burnout and the intention to quit. The outcome demonstrates the importance of pleasure as a moderator of a worker’s involvement and burnout. This is supported by article of Pentagram Technologies (2021) that happiness in workplace provide satisfaction and belongingness and employees always put their best in their work.

In the study on the prevalence of burnout across health care professionals during pandemic in Japan by Takahiro Matsuo, MD1, Daiki Kobayashi, MD, MPH, MBA, Ph.D.Fumika Taki, MD, PhD, et al. (2021) investigated the prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers, the results revealed that 30% of the Radiologic Technologists respondents experienced burnout. As a result of their numerous responsibilities and overlapping tasks, health care professionals struggle to strike a balance between their workload and personal obligations to their families. Other study conducted by N. Shubayr, H. Faraj, M. Hurbush, (2022) Radiologic Technologists in Saudi have experienced moderate level of burnout and experiencing physical symptoms.  According to the study conducted by Safari I. (2020) burnout has greatly affected employee’s satisfaction and performance that an increase level of satisfaction in job would decrease the level of burnout, it shows that burnout is correlated with factors like work or job satisfaction.

Despite the fact that a large number of studies described burnout and work-life satisfaction among health care workers, and revealed significant impacts to healthcare workers’ level of engagements, and quality of work in the organization, this provides idea to the researcher to utilize the variables burnout and work life satisfaction and identify their levels among the specific group of healthcare worker as its respondents, and establish their level of correlation. Consequently, the study investigated and utilized mediation effect and used happiness as the mediation variable to further investigate the relationship between burnout and work life satisfaction.

METHODS

This study utilized the descriptive-correlational research design. According to Michael S. DeFrank (2020) descriptive  research design was used for obtaining information that concerns current status of the phenomena. Radiologic Technologists in Tuguegarao Area are the Respondents, and the study utilized total enumeration of the radiologic Technologist in the three big hospitals in Cagayan

In the study conducted among U.S. Radiologic Technologists, the purpose was to investigate the correlation between the level of stress and wellness. This study shares a similarity with another research that aimed to understand the correlation among the level of burnout, level of happiness, and level of work-life balance.

For the purpose of gathering information regarding the present state of the phenomenon, a descriptive study design was used. At the same time, the researcher was given the opportunity to investigate the features and actions of the respondents. In addition, a correlational design was utilized for the study in order to determine the degree to which two or more variables are related or co-vary with each other. The research aims to investigate whether happiness plays a mediating role between two variables: work-life balance and burnout.

Tuguegarao is home to three (3) major hospitals classified as Level 3 facilities, and they serve as significant centers for a large group of Radiologic Technologists who are affiliated with these hospitals. Situated at the heart of the city, which serves as the capital of Cagayan Valley, these hospitals claim comprehensive radiologic services. The research study will be conducted within these three (3) Level III hospitals in Tuguegarao City, all of which offer diagnostic imaging services, making them the primary locations for the study. The study will specifically focus on Radiologic Technologists working in these hospitals. The region offers ample facilities that meet the criteria for participant selection, providing an ideal setting for the study to take place.

Burnout. The PUMA research employed used of the English version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, which was the basis for the questionnaire. The instrument utilize Cronbach’s alpha to assess reliability of the instrument with a value of .950 and interpretation of excellence.  The following criteria was utilized as measurements in order to determine the degree of burnout:

Happiness. This questionnaire was adapted from the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, which has been designed at Oxford University by psychologist Michael Argyle and professor Peter Hills. The instrument utilize Cronbach’s alpha to assess reliability of the instrument with a value of .950 and interpretation of excellence.  The questionnaire measured on 5-point Likert scale:

Work-Life Satisfaction. This questionnaire is adopted from Work–Life Balance Surveyhich measures the extent to which a person tends to think about or reflect on self. The instrument utilize Cronbach’s alpha to assess reliability of the instrument with a value of .950 and interpretation of excellence.  The questionnaire measured on a 5-point Likert scale.

The following statistical tools was  used in the study: Mean was  used to measure the levels of burnout, work life satisfaction, and Happiness of Radiologic Technologists. Medgraph was employed to determine the mediating effect of happiness on the relationship between burnout and Work-life satisfaction of Radiologic Technologists.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Table 1. Categorical Mean averages of the burnout level of Radiologic Technologists in terms of Personal Related Burnout, Work related, and Client Related Burnout

Legend:  4.50-5.00 -Very High; 3.50-4.49 -High; 2.50-3.49- Moderate; 1.50-2.49- Low; 1.00-1.49 – Very Low

As to the overall result, the data presented in Table 1 suggest that respondents encounter a moderate degree of burnout, as indicated by an average score of 2.54. The results indicate that burnout is discernible to differing degrees across numerous dimensions, encompassing personal, work-related, and client-related factors.

As seen in the table, the respondents encounter a moderate degree of personal-related burnout, as demonstrated by the mean score of 2.63. The results of the study indicate that the respondents are susceptible to experiencing emotional exhaustion and a reduced sense of personal fulfilment in the course of their professional pursuits.  s such, interventions aimed at mitigating emotional exhaustion and fostering a sense of accomplishment may prove advantageous. The implementation of mindfulness programs and provision of resources for stress management and self-care have been suggested as potential strategies to alleviate burnout that arises from personal factors

The table suggests that the respondents exhibit a moderate degree of work-related burnout, as indicated by the mean score of 2.67. The results indicate that the respondents may face challenges related to their workload and job demands, potentially leading to burnout. The findings suggest that there exists a moderate level of burnout among employees, which underscores the importance of implementing effective strategies to mitigate workload and job demands. Potential strategies for enhancing employee productivity may encompass a range of factors, such as effective workload management, streamlining work processes, cultivating a positive and supportive work culture, and prioritizing work-life balance.

The table indicates that the respondents demonstrate a comparatively low level of burnout in the client-related domain, as evidenced by the mean score of 2.33. The results indicate that the respondents demonstrate positive client interactions and do not experience significant burnout in this area. Continuous monitoring of client burnout is crucial, and providing suitable support to address any potential issues is essential. The implementation of support systems and resources aimed at addressing potential challenges in client interactions can effectively sustain a positive dynamic.

Table 2.  Categorical Mean average of the  level of happiness among Radiologic Technologists

Legend: 4.50-5.00 -Very High; 3.50-4.49 -High; 2.50-3.49- Moderate; 1.50-2.49- Low; 1.00-1.49 – Very Low

The mean score of 3.67 indicates that the respondents report a high level of happiness, as indicated by the table’s data. This suggests that the respondents have a favorable emotional state and a high level of personal and professional satisfaction or contentment. Moreover, the high level of happiness among the respondents indicates they are optimistic about their personal and professional lives. This may result in increased job satisfaction, enhanced work performance, and an overall improvement in quality of life.

Table 3.  Categorical Mean average of the work life satisfaction level of the Radiologic Technologists

Legend: 4.50-5.00 -Very High; 3.50-4.49 -High; 2.50-3.49- Moderate; 1.50-2.49- Low; 1.00-1.49 – Very Low

The table presents the overall work life satisfaction level of the respondents in five different categories namely:  training, communication, rewards and recognition, work relations and culture, and work environment. The mean scores range from 3.16 to 3.60, indicating mixed levels of agreement and disagreement among the respondents. The overall mean score for work life satisfaction is 3.44, which means that the respondents have a moderate level of work life fulfilment. Based on the overall outcome, it is suggested that the respondent is generally satisfied with their training opportunities, communication within the organization, work relations, and culture with co-workers, and supervisors.

According to a study by Tuan et al. (2021), barriers to accessing training and development opportunities for healthcare professionals can include lack of support from management, lack of time and resources, and lack of awareness of available opportunities On the other hand, the high mean scores for the statements related to attending training for job confidence and coping with technological change indicate that the respondents  see the value of training in their job performance and career development. This is consistent with previous research that has shown that training and development opportunities can lead to increased job satisfaction, motivation, and productivity among healthcare professionals (Lancaster et al., 2018).

Level of communication among the respondents is 3.60, which indicates high level of satisfaction. This suggests that there may be a lack of clarity and transparency in communication between the organization and the respondents is 3.60, which indicates high level of satisfaction. Recognition and rewards have been shown to improve employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance (Lee et al., 2018; Nauman et al., 2019). A lack of a well-defined rewards and recognition system could lead to job dissatisfaction, high employee turnover rates, and decreased productivity (Cunningham et al., 2019; Othman et al., 2019). The findings are consistent with previous research on job satisfaction and work life balance of healthcare professionals, which indicates that job satisfaction and work-life balance are significantly associated with productivity, quality of care, and patient satisfaction (Siu et al., 2021; Ahmed et al., 2020).

These findings may suggest that the respondents experience burnout, which can lead to a decreased level of work satisfaction. Previous research has shown that high levels of job demands, such as workload and time pressure, can lead to burnout. Moreover, organizations should prioritize creating a positive work environment for Radiologic Technologists, which includes recognizing and valuing their contributions to the organization. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare organizations to understand the factors that affect the job satisfaction and work-life balance of their employees and develop effective strategies to address these issues. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that healthcare organizations should focus on improving the rewards and recognition system and work environment to enhance the work-life satisfaction of Radiologic Technologists and other healthcare professionals.

Table 4. Significant Mediation of Happiness between Burnout and Work life satisfaction

Legend:   B- Burnout, WLS – Work Life Satisfaction, H – Happiness

Figure 3. Presentation of the Mediation of Happiness in relation to Burnout and Work life Satisfaction

Legend: (c.1) value for correlation of the Independent variable and dependent variable, (c.2) mediation value of the Independent variable and dependent. (a) Correlation value of Burnout and Happiness, (b) Correlation value of Happiness and work life satisfaction.

The mediation analysis was done to assess the mediating role of happiness on the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. Figure showed the total effect of the direct effect of burnout and work life satisfaction, the data presented in the relationship of Burnout and work life satisfaction value is -0.30 which shows relationship between the dependent and independent variable in the presence of mediating variable happiness the value if -0.17 which shows no relationship. With the overall presentation of the mediation effect of happiness on relationship to burnout and work life satisfaction the p value is (0.074032). This showed that happiness is not significant thus no mediating relationship between Burnout and Work Life satisfaction, therefore null hypothesis is accepted.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Based on the above-mentioned findings, the following conclusions are drawn:  Radiologic Technologists have an overall experience of moderate level of burnout,  based on the individual category  Radiologic Technologists experience moderate level on  Work related Burnout and Personal related burnout while a low level of Client Related Burnout.  On the other hand, Radiologic Technologist are generally having positive perceptions of their level of happiness.

The Level of work life satisfaction among Radiologic Technologists generally satisfied with their training opportunities, communication within the organization, work relation and culture with co-workers, and supervisors. However, they are less satisfied with the rewards and recognition system and work environment, While on the result of the mediating effect Happiness on the relationship between burnout and work life satisfaction it is noted that Burnout has significant relationship between work life satisfactions but not on the mediation of happiness there is no significant effect. Therefore, no mediation effects of happiness thus Null hypothesis is Accepted.

The result of the study will be a basis in providing support and resources for mental health, as well as implementing effective interventions and strategies to reduce work-related and personal-related burnout among Radiologic Technologists. Hospitals must continually invest in training and communication improvement to contribute to the overall satisfaction and well-being of Radiologic Technologists.

Organizations should prioritize the development of equitable and significant reward systems, recognition programs, and performance evaluation systems. Appropriate focus should be placed on enhancing aspects such as physical work conditions, resource availability, and workflow effectiveness. Creating an environment conducive to productivity, safety, and comfort can positively affect Radiologic Technologists’ job satisfaction.

Given the limitations of the study conducted with one specific group of health care professionals, and variables such as burnout and work life satisfaction with the mediating effect of happiness, future researchers are encouraged to extend the study by examining other groups of health care professionals, or by employing other variables and mediating factors.

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