Sentinels of the Jewel of the Philippines: Lifeworld of Police Investigators

Sentinels of the Jewel of the Philippines: Lifeworld of Police Investigators

Rey Adrian C. Batiansila, RCrim, J.D., MSCJ, Paulino V. Pioquinto, RCrim., PhD, Lalaine O. Guldo

Master of Science in Criminal Justice with Specialization in Criminology, University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.908000586

Received: 16 August 2025; Accepted: 23 August 2025; Published: 22 September 2025

ABSTRACT

This research investigated the real-life experiences of police investigators in the Province of Bohol, Philippines, emphasizing their challenges, coping mechanisms, and goals for enhancing service quality. Employing a phenomenological approach, ten police investigators from the police stations in Ubay, Talibon, Getafe, Dauis, and Tagbilaran City took part in the study. Data was collected using a validated interview guide, adhering strictly to ethical standards, including informed consent and authorization from the Police Provincial Director. The findings revealed that the positive experiences were Gratification of Justice Served, Commitment to Lifelong Learning, and Building Community Trust and Cooperation. In contrast, the negative experiences were Complexity of Investigative Work and Challenges in Balancing Work and Personal Life. Addressing their challenges were done through Professional Development and Skill Enhancement, Collaboration and Teamwork, Effective Communication and Advocacy, Organizational and Time management Skills, and Emotional Resilience and Personal Motivation. Their aspirations included Personal and Professional Growth, Strengthening Collaboration and Teamwork, Building Public Trust and Confidence, Overcoming Operational Challenges, and Lifelong Learning and Adaptability.

This study highlights the essential role of police investigators as guardians of justice, underscoring the necessity for institutional support to enhance their capability to meet professional demands. Recommendations focus on modernizing investigative tools and facilities, establishing regular capacity-building initiatives, and advocating for policies that nurture the well-being and resilience of police investigators. These actions aim to elevate the overall quality of the criminal justice system while addressing the specific needs of police investigators in their vital roles.

Keywords: Sentinels of the Jewel of the Philippines, Lifeworld of Police Investigators, Criminal Justice

INTRODUCTION

Law enforcement encompasses various fields of expertise and specific duties and responsibilities. Some are assigned to the National Bureau of Investigation as NBI agents, while others are assigned to the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency as intelligence officers. Most, however, are involved in police operations. The Philippine National Police provides a handbook on police operational procedures, categorizing them into public safety operations, law enforcement operations, internal security operations, special police operations, intelligence operations, scene of the crime operations, and investigation operations. This investigation operation encompasses the investigation of crimes or incidents, administrative investigations, and other investigative work necessary to determine facts and circumstances for filing cases criminally or administratively. Police investigation is the backbone of the police operation to become a more effective and efficient police force.

Police investigators play a vital role in the police organization. They are tasked with solving crimes, investigating, and collecting evidence from various circumstances to devise an investigative plan that forms reasonable grounds for identifying and apprehending the perpetrator of the crime. The duties and responsibilities of police investigators help the criminal justice system to operate without ill Favor among all citizens seeking justice and peace.  These immediate actions for giving the offended party an answer per the law benefit them, their families, and society. Police investigators receive appropriate training and seminars to equip them with the knowledge and expertise necessary for their designated positions, as they handle delicate responsibilities that must not infringe upon the rights enshrined in the Philippine Constitution.

The populace will continue to benefit from the assurance of having a fair and equal investigative process. Police investigators make a considerable contribution to maintaining the trust and confidence individuals place in society, aiming to ensure that the welfare of the people is the supreme law. Researchers have long been studying the experiences of criminal justice professionals in general, but only a few studies try to explore the lived experiences of police investigators.   In the commencement of the promulgation for being a national in scope, civilian-in-character police investigators are more responsible and knowledgeable enough to provide utmost fairness and equality to all. Police investigators are known to be a multi-faceted, problem-solving challenge because it is not just a set of task skills but a set of thinking skills. They are considered initiators in the criminal justice system. The investigators prepare documents for the appropriate filing of complaints to the second pillar of the CJS, the prosecutor.

The police investigators in the selected municipalities of the province of Bohol, especially the City of Tagbilaran and the Municipality of Dauis, need help to meet the demands of the public, even to the extent of compromising their health and relationships. They are greatly affected by the increasing number of cases on eight focused crimes subject to investigation and preparation for the filing of cases with high caution to avoid technicalities and insufficiency of evidence that might be the reason for the dismissal of the case, which may affect their status as a regular member of the Philippine National Police. This measure is primarily aimed at creating a safer environment for living, working, and conducting business, while also striving to complete the case file of other crimes committed, thereby avoiding the regulatory period for filing cases, which could lead to criminal and administrative actions by police investigators. The resignation and death of a few excellent and well-performing investigators increases the burden.

Aside from the increasing investigation caseload, one of the problems is the possible administrative case for failure to follow the procedural and substantive requirements in filing the case. It is high time to initiate a study on the lived experiences of police investigators to determine their status. It is crucial to know whether or not the noble officers are still happy and content with their work. It must satisfy the client’s needs, and, most importantly, the officers, for one, cannot give what they do not have.

As a criminologist and police investigator, I recognize the importance of serving as a liaison between those who provide invaluable services to the public and ensuring they are not unfairly charged with administrative complaints due to their performance of duty.

Theoretical Background

This research study is anchored on Self-Efficacy Theory by Bandura (1986), with supporting theories, Motivational Hygiene Theory by Herzberg (1959), and Theory of Acquired Needs by McClelland (1961). These theories are concerned with what “energizes, directs, and shapes behavior” (Hellrigel et al., 1995, as cited in Oyedele, 2010). The concepts of each theory are explicated in the subsequent paragraphs.

Self-Efficacy Theory by Bandura emphasizes the pivotal role of an individual’s belief in their capacity to perform tasks and achieve goals (Bandura, 1986). Self-efficacy influences motivation, perseverance, and resilience in the face of challenges. Individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to set challenging goals, invest greater effort, and recover quickly from setbacks. In policing, self-efficacy can determine how investigators approach complex cases, manage workload, and cope with stressors associated with law enforcement duties. A strong sense of self-efficacy enables police officers to maintain effectiveness and uphold justice despite pressures and increasing caseloads (Bandura, 2020).

Bandura identifies key sources of self-efficacy: mastery experiences (successes build robust beliefs, while failures can undermine them), vicarious experiences (observing others succeed), social persuasion (encouragement from others), and physiological states (emotional and physical responses). Furthermore, self-efficacy is closely related to locus of control—those with an internal locus of control attribute successes to their own actions and experience greater increases in self-efficacy (Rotter, 2021).

Motivational Hygiene Theory by Herzberg (also known as the Two-Factor Theory) distinguishes between factors that cause job satisfaction (motivators) and those that cause dissatisfaction (hygiene factors). Motivators—such as achievement, recognition, and opportunities for growth—contribute to job satisfaction and are essential for self-actualization, while hygiene factors—such as salary, working conditions, and policies—prevent dissatisfaction but do not necessarily enhance satisfaction (Herzberg, 1959; Herzberg, 2022).

Research in recent years continues to validate Herzberg’s theory in public service contexts, highlighting its relevance for motivating police investigators. Providing clear goals, timely feedback, recognition, and manageable workloads are vital in fostering job satisfaction and professional growth among police officers (Aguinis et al., 2023). When police investigators experience meaningful recognition and opportunities to use their skills, their motivation and job satisfaction increase, reinforcing the positive effects of self-efficacy (Herzberg, 2022; Rahim & Singh, 2021).

The Acquired Needs Theory by McClelland asserts that individual motivation is shaped by three primary needs: achievement (nAch), power (nPow), and affiliation (nAff) (McClelland, 1961). Recent studies confirm that these needs are developed through life experiences and play a significant role in workplace behavior (McClelland, 2021).

Police investigators with a high need for achievement are driven to solve cases, strive for promotions, and seek opportunities to demonstrate competence. Those with a high need for power aim to influence outcomes and mentor peers, contributing positively to organizational success. Investigators with a high need for affiliation value teamwork, networking, and harmonious relationships within the force (Ali & Anwar, 2022). Understanding these needs helps leaders design interventions and environments that support motivation and enhance performance (McClelland, 2021).

Statement of the Problem

This study explored the lifeworld of police investigators in performing their duties in selected police stations in the Province of Bohol, Philippines.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the experiences of the informants in the performance of their duties?
2. How do informants address the challenges encountered in the performance of their duties?
3. What are the aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of their services?

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Design. The researcher employed a qualitative research design, specifically the phenomenology approach, to utilize the tools of a phenomenological method. This method investigates, explores, and describes the lived experiences of police investigators, creating a phenomenon without resorting to theories or established principles.  As such, qualitative research is a process of naturalistic inquiry that seeks an in-depth understanding of social phenomena within their natural setting. It focuses on the “why” rather than the “what” of social phenomena and relies on the direct experiences of human beings as meaning-making agents in their everyday lives.

Research Environment. This study was conducted in the police stations in five municipalities in the Province of Bohol, Philippines: Ubay, Talibon, Getafe, Dauis, and the City of Tagbilaran.

Research Informants. Informants were police investigators with a total of ten (10) invited to take part in the interview. The 10 participants were sufficient to gather the majority of the ideas and challenges they encountered, and most stations were staffed by two personnel in the investigation section. The participants were composed of two (2) investigators from Ubay Police Station, two (2) from Talibon Police Station, two (2) investigators from Getafe Police Station, two (2) from Dauis Police Station, and two (2) from Tagbilaran City Police Station to undergo the in-depth individual interview.

Research Instrument. This study utilized an interview guide with structured questions to stimulate careful discussion with the study participants. The interview guide is self-constructed by the researcher. Questions were created based on the presentation and the objective of this study. In developing the questions, the researcher adhered to the validation sheet for the interview guide. The experts and members of the panel evaluated the research instrument to ensure that the questions to be asked were relevant and competent. Necessary corrections and changes were also applied and incorporated into the interview guide. The interview guide would inform consent to invite the subjects formally and for them to voluntarily and freely provide the information needed to attain the objectives of this research.

Research Procedures. To ensure the success of this research endeavor, the researcher has meticulously followed the prescribed procedure, data analysis technique, ethical considerations, and trustworthiness. After the self-constructed interview guide was approved, the researcher asked the Provincial Director, headed by PCOL Lorenzo Alfeche Batuan, for cooperation so that the Police Investigators could be involved in the study. The ten (10) participants were provided with informed consent forms written in the language or dialect they understand or speak. The Police investigators volunteered to participate in the study, manifested by their signatures affixed on the consent form, and before the researcher started to ask questions during the interview, the former initiated strategies to develop rapport between them because this is needed in the collection of genuine information (Achermann, 2009) (i.e., asking of preliminary questions). This interview was in-depth, open-ended, and face-to-face and lasted for less or more than one (1) hour, depending on the participation of the informants. The conversation was audio-recorded upon the subject’s consent, then transcribed to allow the “voices of research participants/informants to speak” (Groenewald, 2004)

The scheduled interview date was determined by the provincial director, taking into account the officers’ availability to avoid impacting their duties and responsibilities. The researcher scheduled the interview in the daytime for the informants’ comfort, privacy, safety, and security.

Data Analysis. The information received from the informants during the in-depth interviews and focused group discussions was organized and thematically analyzed. The audio-recorded interview is transcribed, listened to, and read five or more times. Their responses must be coded, and significant statements must be identified. Formulated meanings shall be developed from the critical statements. The researcher also determines cluster themes and emergent themes created from these. The emergent themes answer the subproblems. Further, the recorded audio shall remain confidential and later destroyed after 5 months from the conduct of this interview in order not to violate their rights to privacy and in consonance with the mandate of the law under Republic Act 10173, or commonly known as the Data Privacy Act.

Ethical Consideration. The researcher ensures the protection of the research participants from any harm through anonymity, which is one of the crucial elements of research ethics. The responses gathered from the interview were handled with utmost confidentiality. The identity of the participants was concealed through codes. The interview may only be conducted if the subjects give proper permission. The latter were given informed consent and time to read the same.

Bracketing

The researcher recognized the importance of setting aside any preconceived notions or assumptions about the informants’ actual experiences by taking a step back from one’s knowledge and beliefs. Thus, the researcher aimed to approach the collection and data analysis with a fresh outlook. Further, the informants’ voices should prevail without being biased or influenced by the informant’s background or expectations.

Reflexivity

The researcher maintained a reflective approach by reflecting on their positionality, capacity to interact, and ability to deal with clear communications. As such, their identity may influence the research. Throughout the study, the researcher documented and noted the different personal experiences of the informants influenced by emerging themes.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1 Experiences of the Police Investigators in the Performance of their Duties

The informants’ experiences that align with their duties, as evidenced by the following emerging themes:

Gratification of Justice Served. The theme reflected in the investigators was receiving thanks from a victim after the successful arrest and conviction of a suspect. This experience underscores the profound sense of fulfillment and validation that investigators feel when their efforts lead to positive outcomes for victims. The expression of gratitude from the victim not only affirms the investigator’s competence but also highlights the meaningful impact of their work in upholding justice.

This theme is supported by recent research, which highlights that law enforcement personnel often experience a heightened sense of job satisfaction and professional validation when their work results in tangible benefits for victims and the community (Miller et al., 2021).

This theme aligns with Self-Efficacy Theory by Bandura (1986). This posits that mastery experiences, such as successfully resolving a case, are the most significant source of self-efficacy. Successfully bringing a case to justice and receiving appreciation from those affected serves to reinforce the investigator’s belief in their ability to effect meaningful change. Such positive experiences increase confidence, motivation, and perseverance, encouraging investigators to remain committed to their roles even when faced with future challenges. In this way, the gratification derived from justice served not only provides emotional satisfaction but also strengthens the investigator’s self-efficacy, which is crucial for sustained performance and resilience in law enforcement work.

Commitment to Lifelong Learning. The informants emphasized the importance of ongoing education and training, recognizing it as a cornerstone for practical investigative work. By staying informed about evolving laws, innovative techniques, and recent court rulings, they enhance their professional skills and build stronger connections with the communities they serve. The behaviour reflects a strong dedication to personal and professional development, as well as an awareness of the evolving demands in policing. By continuously seeking learning opportunities, the investigator demonstrates adaptability, responsibility, and a desire to maintain high standards in victim support.

The informants’ commitment to a proactive approach to their learning process is a testament to their dedication. They are not just passively absorbing information but actively seeking ways to improve their skills and tackle new challenges head-on (Blackwell, 2024). This enthusiasm for growth reflects a mindset that values continuous improvement and adaptability, which is essential in today’s ever-evolving landscape (Trejo, 2024). Their willingness to embrace new learning methods suggests a deep-seated passion for their work and a belief in honing their abilities to make meaningful contributions (Aldarmaki, 2023; Fisher, 2023).

However, while individual drive is vital, the role of institutional support must be considered. For investigators to thrive in their commitment to improvement, they need an environment that encourages exploration and innovation (Leek, 2020; Alosani et al., 2021). Institutions must create frameworks that foster this dedication by providing resources, mentorship, and opportunities for collaboration. When organizations invest in their people’s growth, they cultivate a culture of learning that benefits not only the individuals but also the institution (Simonson, 2020; Schaap, 2021). This symbiotic relationship between motivated police investigators and supportive institutions is vital to overcoming challenges and achieving excellence in their fields (Hope, 2021).

Agencies can foster personnel growth by offering opportunities for advanced training, particularly in vital areas like digital evidence handling (Stoykova, 2021) and mental health awareness (Demou et al., 2020). By establishing a mentoring system, seasoned investigators can share their invaluable knowledge and experiences with their less experienced counterparts, creating a supportive learning environment (Modise et al., 2023).

Additionally, providing access to online courses and regular legal updates encourages self-directed learning, empowering police investigators to take charge of their professional development and stay informed in an ever-evolving field (Indradjati et al., 2024).

This theme aligns with Herzberg’s Motivational Hygiene Theory (1959). According to Herzberg, opportunities for professional growth, achievement, and advancement are key motivators that lead to job satisfaction (Herzberg, 2022). The investigator’s pursuit of further education and training is indicative of intrinsic motivation and a drive for self-improvement, both of which are essential components of the motivator factors in Herzberg’s theory. Such commitment not only fosters satisfaction and engagement in one’s work but also contributes to better outcomes for the communities served.

Building Community Trust and Cooperation. Building trust is fundamental to practical investigative work, requiring genuine connections with victims, witnesses, and the community. This process involves recognizing their experiences and emotions, fostering relationships, and encouraging cooperation and mutual understanding. Evident in the participant’s reflection on how strengthened relationships and increased trust between investigators and the community or victims lead to closer collaboration. This underscores the importance of establishing positive connections and open communication, which are essential for effective law enforcement and the successful resolution of cases. When trust is present, community members are more likely to cooperate with police officers, share information, and participate in joint problem-solving, ultimately enhancing public safety and satisfaction.

Establishing a solid connection with stakeholders is vital to justice (Nzai & Makokha, 2024). These stakeholders may include victims, law enforcement officers, legal professionals, and community members. When rapport is built, it creates a sense of trust that allows individuals to feel safe and respected during the investigative process (Risan et al., 2020; Brimbal et al., 2021). This human connection can lead to more open communication, where stakeholders are willing to share information and collaborate effectively (Hill et al., 2021). Ultimately, when people feel valued and understood, it fosters an environment where they are more likely to work together toward a common goal of achieving justice (Payne et al., 2021).

Trust in the justice system is essential for maintaining its integrity and credibility (Conway & Westmarland, 2021; Kleinfeld & Dancig-Rosenberg, 2022). When stakeholders trust one another and the institutions involved, investigations are streamlined, and communities are empowered to engage with law enforcement positively. A credible justice system earns the public’s confidence, encouraging them to cooperate and contribute to the pursuit of justice (Loeffler & Bovaird, 2020; Kleinfeld & Dancig-Rosenberg, 2022). By prioritizing relationships and understanding the human elements involved, the police can strengthen the foundations of justice, ensuring that it serves everyone involved fairly and compassionately (Birch, 2024; Oyeyipo et al., 2024).

This theme aligns with McClelland’s Theory of Acquired Needs (1961), specifically the need for affiliation. According to McClelland, individuals are motivated by a desire to build meaningful relationships, be part of a group, and experience a sense of belonging (McClelland, 2021). In the context of policing, the need for affiliation drives investigators to foster strong, trust-based relationships with community members and victims. This affiliation not only improves cooperation but also contributes to greater job satisfaction and community well-being.

Complexity of Investigative Work. Informants often encounter significant challenges during the investigative process, particularly in evidence collection, witness cooperation, and legal document preparation. These difficulties demand meticulous attention to legal procedures, accuracy in documentation, and the emotional fortitude to manage the pressures of tight deadlines and uncooperative parties. This highlighted the responses of the participants faced during evidence gathering, particularly in cases lacking witnesses or cooperation from victims. External obstacles and a lack of support in the pursuit of justice can hinder the demanding and multifaceted nature of police investigations. Such complexities require investigators to utilize advanced problem-solving skills, persistence, and adaptability to overcome barriers and achieve case resolution.

Investigative work is more than just a profession. It is a calling that demands a unique blend of technical know-how and exceptional people skills. Investigators delve into complex situations, often facing the daunting reality of uncooperative witnesses holding crucial information (Friedman & Jánszky, 2020; Binns & Sackman, 2023; Schot, 2024). Every case is like a puzzle, with each clue bringing its own set of uncertainties and challenges. As they collect evidence and piece together narratives, they must navigate the rigors of strict protocols and time pressure. This dynamic environment requires a keen analytical mind and a robust emotional intelligence to engage with people effectively, even when they might be less forthcoming (Lynch, 2021; Warganegara & Adam, 2023; White & Schafer, 2023).

Moreover, the role of an investigator is steeped in a responsibility that transcends mere fact-finding. They must manage the delicate balance of thoroughness and speed while being watched by legal standards that ensure fairness and accountability (Csaba, 2022; Yong, 2024). Each decision can have significant implications, not just for the case at hand but for the lives of those involved (Lvovsky, 2021; Manning & Hawkins, 2023). Therefore, staying focused amidst the myriad obstacles is not just important but essential. Success in this demanding field relies on perseverance, adaptability, and a compassionate approach to the human stories intertwined in each investigation (Winters, 2024).

Investigator training should emphasize practical, real-world scenarios reflecting the challenges faced during investigations (Mount & Mazerolle, 2021). This approach helps build resilience and improve essential skills, like writing affidavits, which are crucial in legal cases. Additionally, providing standardized affidavit templates and better evidence-tracking tools can minimize errors and streamline investigative processes (Pattali et al., 2024). Teaching stress management techniques to help investigators cope with the job’s demands is also essential. Simple practices like taking breaks and mindfulness can reduce stress, helping them stay focused. By prioritizing skills and mental health, society can better support those committed to uncovering the truth (Burns & Buchanan, 2020; Lorey & Fegert, 2021).

This theme aligns with Self-Efficacy Theory by Bandura (1986). Bandura (2020) emphasizes that individuals with strong self-efficacy are more likely to persist in the face of adversity, maintain motivation, and exert effort to overcome difficulties. In the context of investigative work, an investigator’s belief in their capabilities influences their resilience and approach to overcoming challenging circumstances, such as uncooperative parties or insufficient evidence. High self-efficacy empowers investigators to remain resourceful and determined, even when cases become particularly complex and demanding.

Challenges in Balancing Work and Personal Life. Investigative work often poses significant challenges, particularly in maintaining a healthy work-life balance. The demanding nature of the job, coupled with the pressure of meeting legal deadlines, can lead to stress and physical exhaustion. These struggles are evident in the reflections of the informants. The substantial time and effort required for these tasks contribute to heightened stress levels, making it difficult for investigators to manage both their professional responsibilities and personal well-being effectively. The persistent struggle to maintain a healthy work-life balance is exacerbated by the pressures and workload associated with investigative duties, which often encroach upon personal time and can lead to emotional exhaustion. Such experiences underscore the need for supportive workplace strategies and effective time management to help investigators cope with the demands of their role and sustain their motivation and overall well-being.

In today’s fast-paced work environment, it is not uncommon for professional responsibilities to seep into informants’ personal lives. These vignettes illustrate their harsh reality: long hours spent navigating complex procedures and overwhelming workloads can leave little room for personal time (Tan et al., 2022; Ricciardelli et al., 2023). This constant juggling disrupts their daily routines and impacts their mental and emotional well-being. The impact of such relentless demands is profound. Exhaustion manifests as a recurring state (Parnaby & Weston, 2020), and the satisfaction derived from self-care activities frequently appears to be an unattainable aspiration for some professionals, including the police (Amy-Andersen, 2022).

As the pressure mounts, it becomes challenging for informants to find moments of respite crucial for maintaining a healthy work-life balance (Newbold, 2023; Presume, 2023). The intricacies of their jobs demand unwavering focus and dedication, often at the cost of their well-being. The police risk burning out without sufficient recharge, further intensifying their stress levels (Blumberg et al., 2021; Maslach & Leiter, 2022). Self-care is imperative, yet many are challenged to carve out this essential time amidst their professional obligations (Gonzales, 2024). Finding a balance between work demands and personal care is desirable and necessary for sustaining long-term productivity and happiness (Hilal & Litsey, 2020).

Policymakers have a crucial role in creating a healthier work environment for investigators, and there are several impactful measures they can take. Implementing flexible working hours can give police investigators the freedom to balance their professional and personal lives better while providing better logistical support for submitting evidence, which will streamline their processes (Liljegren et al., 2021; Mwawasi, 2022). To further help police manage the pressures of their work, organizing regular stress management workshops would enable them to develop coping strategies and foster a supportive community (Laufs & Waseem, 2020). Additionally, embracing digital solutions for documentation and filing not only cuts down the time spent on tedious administrative tasks but also allows police to focus more on their essential investigative work and less on paperwork (Brayne, 2020; Devi & Fryer, 2020; Dubberley et al., 2020).

This theme aligns with Self-Efficacy Theory by Bandura (1986). According to Bandura (2020), individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to utilize effective coping mechanisms, manage stress, and persist in the face of demanding workloads. Conversely, when investigators experience low self-efficacy due to overwhelming job demands, their ability to balance work and personal life may be compromised, leading to increased stress and potential burnout. Enhancing self-efficacy through training, support, and mastery experiences can empower investigators to manage their tasks better and maintain a healthier work-life balance.

Table 2 Addressing Challenges in Police Investigators’ Performance of Duties

The following are the emerging themes that illustrate how police investigators address the challenges in performing their duties:

Professional Development and Skill Enhancement. The informants’ responses showed the importance of continuous learning and professional growth, emphasizing how training and hands-on experiences significantly contribute to their effectiveness. Engaging in seminars, studying case laws, and collaborating with peers are among the strategies they employ to enhance their knowledge and address challenges. These efforts demonstrate their dedication to improving their skills and ensuring compliance with legal standards.

The vignettes illustrate the dedicated teamwork of the informants committed to keeping up with the latest legal and procedural standards changes (Trejo, 2024). These police investigators understand that staying informed is crucial not only for their roles but also for the collective success of their team (Marder, 2020; Prince et al., 2021). By engaging in regular training sessions and pursuing self-directed study, they fill in the knowledge gaps that could impede their effectiveness (Kohlström, 2022). This collaborative spirit underscores a shared commitment to lifelong learning and professional excellence, which ultimately benefits the communities they serve (Lin & Wu, 2023).

Through their proactive approach, the informants enhance their ability to tackle intricate cases, especially those related to drug offenses (Fuentes et al., 2023; Salindo et al., 2024). By constantly updating their skills and knowledge base, they become more adept at navigating the complexities of such cases, allowing them to make better-informed decisions. Their confidence grows as they equip themselves with the necessary tools and insights, directly translating to improved outcomes in their investigative work (Staller, 2021). This dedication empowers them as individuals and strengthens the justice system’s overall integrity, showcasing their efforts’ profound impact on society (Nzaie & Makokha, 2024; Stoops, 2024).

To effectively navigate the complexities of investigative work, institutions must offer consistent and tailored training programs that keep investigators informed about the latest legal and procedural changes (Rahmann, 2021). By providing practical opportunities for skill enhancement through interactive workshops and realistic case simulations, institutions contribute to their police officers’ personal and professional development and build a culture of continuous learning (Bondarenko et al., 2020). This commitment to ongoing education is essential, as it empowers investigators to confidently tackle challenges and achieve excellence in their roles, ultimately benefiting both the stakeholders involved and the communities they serve (Engelmann, 2023; Modise, 2023).

Collaboration and Teamwork. When confronted with investigative challenges, the informants frequently relied on their colleagues and community members for support. The collaborative approach enabled them to overcome obstacles in documentation, gather crucial evidence, and encourage witness cooperation. This reflects a recognition of the value of collective effort and shared expertise in accomplishing complex investigative tasks. The participants’ statement that “two heads are better than one” highlights the importance of cooperation, open communication, and mutual support within the investigative team. Such collaboration not only enhances the efficiency and accuracy of work but also fosters a supportive work environment where team members can rely on each other’s strengths.

Collaboration is vital to any investigative process, enabling investigators to combine their unique resources and areas of expertise (Lvovsky, 2021; Sarkar & Shukla, 2023). By working together, they enhance the quality of their investigations and ensure precision in case preparations. This teamwork fosters an environment where ideas can flourish, and critical insights are shared, ultimately leading to more effective solutions (Streetman, 2021). Moreover, the reliance on witness cooperation highlights the importance of establishing trust within the community. When witnesses feel valued and secure, they are more likely to provide accurate affidavits and candid testimonies, which are crucial for building strong cases (Lubet & Boals, 2020).

Enhancing teamwork is more than just a buzzword. It fosters strong relationships through leadership training and engaging activities that unite teams. Investing in team-building initiatives improves operational efficiency and fosters trust (Cuaresma et al, 2024; Ybarra, 2024). This trust extends beyond the team itself when they involve the community in awareness campaigns, paving the way for better cooperation during investigations. Ultimately, this underscores how essential teamwork and collaboration are in effectively tackling the distinctive challenges faced in investigative work, as they allow diverse perspectives and skills to unite towards a common goal (Barros, 2023; Cleveringa, 2024).

This theme aligns with McClelland’s Theory of Acquired Needs (1961), specifically the need for affiliation. According to McClelland (2021), the need for affiliation drives individuals to seek positive relationships, enjoy teamwork, and collaborate effectively with others. In the context of investigative work, the desire to work closely with colleagues and contribute to a shared goal is a strong motivator that enhances job satisfaction and overall performance.

Effective Communication and Advocacy. The informants highlighted the importance of clear and empathetic communication with victims, witnesses, and the public as a key strategy for overcoming investigative challenges. Effective communication fosters trust, encourages cooperation, and aids in gathering accurate information. This emphasizes the critical role of communication skills in building strong relationships and fostering a sense of closure and unity between investigators and those they serve. By effectively conveying information, listening actively, and advocating for victims’ needs, investigators help bridge gaps, resolve misunderstandings, and create an environment of mutual respect and cooperation.

Empathetic communication is more than just a skill. It is the foundation for building trust between individuals, particularly in sensitive situations involving victims and witnesses (Jakobsen, 2021; Birch, 2024). When those involved feel understood and valued, they are more inclined to open up and share their experiences. This open dialogue helps gather accurate narratives and ensures that testimonies are rich with detail (Hope et al., 2022; Hyman Gregory et al., 2023). Such thorough accounts significantly contribute to constructing more substantial cases, boosting the chances of securing rightful convictions. Hearing their voices amplifies their sense of worth and agency within the legal process (Lorenz, 2023).

Moreover, the commitment shown by informants who advocate for justice reflects their deep dedication to public service. These police investigators often go beyond the call of duty, motivated by a profound sense of purpose (Crawford & Dacin, 2021; van Hulst & Tsoukas, 2023). Their efforts highlight the importance of community and collective responsibility in addressing and rectifying injustices. When they engage empathetically with victims and witnesses, they facilitate a more effective legal process and foster a culture of compassion and support (Baumeister, 2023; McKay & Macintosh, 2024; Reid, 2024). This human approach emphasizes every individual’s significant role in promoting justice and healing within society.

Effective communication and victim advocacy training should be a cornerstone of our law enforcement approach (Richie-Zavaleta et al., 2021). By developing these essential skills, police investigators can significantly improve the outcomes of cases, ensuring that victims feel heard and understood (Parti & Robinson, 2021). This focus on compassionate interaction contributes to more just resolutions and builds trust between the community and law enforcement agencies, fostering a safer environment for everyone. Ultimately, how they communicate can be a powerful tool in navigating complex challenges and achieving a sense of justice for all involved (Hällgren et al., 2021; Cleghorn, 2023; Sjöberg et al., 2024).

Organizational and Time Management Skills. The informants recognized the critical role of careful planning, organization, and time management in balancing their investigative responsibilities. They emphasized the importance of using practical tools like checklists and templates to ensure tasks were completed efficiently. This is a proactive effort to manage workload efficiently, reduce the risk of oversight, and provide the timely submission of essential documents. Practical organizational skills not only facilitate smoother workflow but also help mitigate stress associated with tight deadlines and complex investigative tasks.

Efficient organization plays a crucial role in today’s police investigative work, significantly reducing errors and promoting the timely submission of essential documents, especially when deadlines loom (Sembiring et al., 2020). The pressure of tight timelines can lead to increased stress and oversight (Ricciardelli et al., 2023; Castle et al., 2024); however, by implementing a structured approach to organization, individuals can navigate their workload more effectively (Liljegren et al., 2021). This involves prioritizing tasks and managing time wisely to ensure every detail is attended to. When teams work together in an organized manner, it fosters a sense of reliability and enhances overall productivity (Modise, 2023).

This theme aligns with Self-Efficacy Theory by Bandura (1986). According to Bandura (2020), individuals with higher self-efficacy are more likely to adopt self-regulatory strategies, such as goal-setting, planning, and systematic monitoring, to achieve desired outcomes. The use of checklists and realistic deadlines reflects a strong belief in one’s ability to organize tasks and exert control over work processes. Such self-management techniques enhance confidence, improve task performance, and foster resilience when facing job-related challenges.

Recent research supports the link between self-efficacy and effective time management, highlighting that professionals who believe in their capabilities are more likely to utilize organizational strategies that boost productivity and job satisfaction (Ismail et al., 2021).

Emotional Resilience and Personal Motivation. The informants demonstrated remarkable resilience and determination in navigating personal and professional challenges. Their sense of responsibility and commitment to justice were sources of inspiration and motivation. Navigating complex situations and overcoming obstacles in investigative work contribute to the development of inner strength, adaptability, and a strong sense of purpose. The demanding nature of the role requires investigators to persist in the face of adversity, maintain motivation, and continually strive for self-improvement, which not only benefits their professional performance but also fosters significant personal growth

When the informants face challenges and demanding circumstances, their unwavering sense of purpose and fulfillment from their work keep them going. This drive acts as a guiding light, allowing them to confront adversity head-on (Homer, 2022; Fisher, 2023). Each solved case is a professional achievement and a source of deep personal satisfaction. Positive feedback from colleagues, victims, or the community plays a crucial role in this motivation, reassuring them that their efforts make a real difference in people’s lives (Burns & Buchanan, 2020; Lorenz & Jacobsen, 2024). Each compliment and every successful resolution strengthen their resolve to continue pursuing justice, turning their work into a passion beyond mere obligation (Juergensmeyer, 2020; Ginwright, 2022).

Moreover, the ability to bounce back from failure is essential for investigators, and this emotional resilience is critical in their profession (Craven et al., 2022; Rumney & McPhee, 2023). Setbacks are inevitable in their work, yet those navigating these challenging moments tend to thrive. Emotional resilience helps them maintain a balanced perspective, allowing them to learn from failures rather than being defeated by them (Blumberg et al., 2021; Domínguez Ruiz et al., 2023). By cultivating a mindset that views challenges as opportunities for growth, investigators enhance their skills and deepen their commitment to their mission (Buheji, 2020; Perkins, 2023). Through a blend of purpose, positive reinforcement, and resilience, they keep pushing forward, embodying the qualities necessary to make a meaningful impact on society (Calihanan et al., 2024).

Institutions play a vital role in supporting the emotional health of their police investigators, offering not just resources for emotional well-being but also recognition programs that celebrate their hard work and achievements (Blumberg et al., 2021; Drew et al., 2023). By creating an environment that prioritizes emotional and mental health, these institutions can help maintain

the motivation of the police staff, including investigators, and effectively manage stress levels (Milliard, 2020; Hofer & Savell, 2021). This approach acknowledges the emotional challenges of investigative work, emphasizing the importance of resilience and motivation as critical factors in navigating its complexities (Gonzales, 2024; Kausjik & Raj, 2024). In doing so, they foster a workplace culture where investigators feel valued and supported, enabling them to tackle the challenges of their roles with renewed energy and commitment (Macaulay & Rowe, 2020; Page, 2020; Supriyanto et al.)

Table 3 Aspirations of the Police Investigators to Improve the Quality of Their Services

The following are the emerging themes that reflect the efforts of police investigators to improve the quality of their services:

Personal and Professional Growth. The informants demonstrated notable resilience and determination in overcoming their personal and work-related challenges, drawing strength from their strong sense of responsibility and commitment to justice. Facing and overcoming demanding tasks not only enhances professional capabilities but also drives personal advancement, as individuals are pushed to adapt, learn, and perform at higher levels—the ongoing process of growth results in greater confidence and competence in both personal and professional spheres.

The vignettes highlight how the informants view their role challenges as obstacles and chances for personal and professional growth. Rather than feeling overwhelmed, they recognize these difficulties as stepping stones toward betterment. This perspective is vital because it reflects a mindset that embraces learning, where each struggle becomes an opportunity to gather new insights and refine existing skills (Engelmann, 2023). This proactive approach significantly impacts their ability to serve others effectively, as they are not just performing tasks but constantly evolving and improving in their roles (Stogner et al., 2020; Lvovsky, 2021).

Institutions play a crucial role in fostering the skills and capabilities of their investigators by providing customized training programs designed to fill specific knowledge gaps (Acampora et al., 2023). By focusing on advanced investigative techniques, these programs enhance individual abilities and contribute to a culture of shared learning through support systems like mentoring initiatives (Guerette et al., 2021; Kohlström, 2022). These mentorship programs create a space for experienced investigators to guide newcomers, fostering collaboration and the exchange of ideas. Committing to personal and professional development is vital. It leads to individual achievements and significantly elevates the quality of services delivered to the community, ultimately ensuring a more effective investigative process (Lambert et al., 2021; Lvovsky, 2021; Halford & Smith, 2022).

Moreover, their commitment to improvement runs deeper than just skill acquisition. It speaks to a broader aspiration for excellence, where each participant strives to meet and exceed expectations (Bangaysiso et al., 2024). Their resilience shines through as they diligently tackle challenging situations, demonstrating a passionate commitment to their work and those they serve (Gonzalez, 2024). In doing so, they embody the spirit of continuous learning and adaptability, essential qualities in an ever-changing landscape (Martin, 2022; Craven, 2023). These qualities ensure they are well-equipped to provide high-quality service under pressure (Martin, 2022; Craven, 2023; Bangaysiso et al., 2024; Gonzalez, 2024).

This theme aligns with Self-Efficacy Theory by Bandura (1986). Bandura (2020) asserts that challenging experiences serve as mastery opportunities that strengthen self-efficacy. When individuals successfully navigate challenging situations, their belief in their own abilities increases, which in turn motivates them to pursue further personal and professional development. The sense of accomplishment from overcoming obstacles fuels continued engagement and growth, both on the job and in life.

Strengthening Collaboration and Teamwork. The police informants emphasized the importance of collaboration with colleagues and stakeholders in achieving their goals. They recognize that fostering teamwork is essential for improving service outcomes. The value of collective effort, mutual support, and shared responsibility in achieving successful outcomes in investigative work. Immediate and willing cooperation from witnesses not only streamlines the investigative process but also fosters a sense of unity and trust among all parties involved. Such experiences demonstrate that collaboration is a critical component in overcoming challenges and ensuring the effectiveness of law enforcement operations.

Collaboration stands at the heart of successful investigative work, acting as a vital thread that weaves the efforts of all involved (Cullen et al., 2021; Lvovsky, 2021; Maple & Kebbell, 2021). In the vignettes, the informants share personal stories illustrating their appreciation for teamwork. These experiences reveal how different individuals come together, each bringing unique skills and perspectives. By managing tasks collectively, they prepare evidence more effectively and create a sense of belonging and trust (Mazerolle et al., 2020; Yesberg et al., 2023). This human aspect of collaboration transforms a challenging job into a shared mission, as each team member supports one another through the ups and downs of the investigation process (Therrien & Normandin, 2020).

Moreover, cooperation catalyzes efficiency, allowing operations to flow smoothly and creating a solid stakeholder support network (Streetman, 2021). Working together fosters open communication and mutual respect, essential for building relationships within the team and with external partners (Hill et al., 2021; Zaghloul & Partridge, 2022). This network becomes a safety net that investigators can rely on, enhancing their capability to tackle complex tasks. Ultimately, the commitment to collaboration not only enriches the work experience but also magnifies the impact of their investigative efforts on the community they serve (Sarkar & Shukla, 2023; Yakhlef, 2023).

Building a collaborative culture within a team can significantly enhance efficiency and productivity (Cordner, 2023). Engaging in team-building activities and joint training programs strengthens relationships among team members and fosters a sense of belonging and unity (Ingabire et al., 2024). By establishing clear communication protocols and shared goals, police investigators can work harmoniously, combining their talents and knowledge to tackle challenges (Warganegara & Adam, 2023). This collaborative spirit encourages individuals to share their resources and expertise, leading to innovative solutions and improved outcomes that benefit everyone involved (Modise, 2023).

Building Public Trust and Confidence. The police investigator informants expressed a strong commitment to building trust and confidence within the community by delivering fair justice and demonstrating reliability in their work. Accomplishing justice not only fulfills personal and professional goals but also enhances the reputation of law enforcement in the eyes of the community. When investigators deliver fair outcomes, it fosters public trust, strengthens the legitimacy of the justice system, and reinforces the confidence of citizens in police work.

The responses gathered from informants reveal a profound appreciation for the emotional and social dimensions of their roles. Beyond simply enforcing the law, these police investigators recognize that their work significantly impacts the community’s fabric (Kappeler et al., 2020). By fostering a sense of fairness and justice, they uphold legal standards and contribute to the well-being of the communities they serve (Burke, 2020; Kyprianides et al., 2022; Ali et al., 2024). Their interactions with the public cultivate trust, showing that they are not just enforcers but essential pillars of support and understanding within the social structure (Bush & Matthews, 2024).

Additionally, their commitment to ensuring justice goes beyond their professional duties, bolstering community relations and nurturing mutual respect (Rouse, 2023). As investigators, their credibility is enhanced through their empathetic approach as they navigate complex social situations with care and compassion (Baker-Eck et al., 2020; Birch, 2024). This ability to connect on a human level enriches their role, allowing them to be seen as allies rather than adversaries. Ultimately, this humanizing of their responsibilities plays a crucial part in building lasting relationships with community members and underscores the importance of their work in creating a just society (Couture-Carron et al., 2024; Mangi & Shah, 2024).

Regular public awareness campaigns play a crucial role in showcasing the dedication of investigators to achieving justice for the community. When these campaigns are coupled with transparent procedures and timely updates about ongoing cases, they foster a sense of trust among community members (Katz, 2021). This trust is essential, as it inspires investigators to maintain high ethical standards and deliver effective services that reflect the quality of those services (O’Toole & Peirce, 2022). Ultimately, the relationship between the public and police investigators is strengthened, creating a more collaborative environment where everyone feels valued and involved in pursuing justice (Hill et al., 2021; Payne et al., 2021; Romdoni et al., 2023).

Overcoming Operational Challenges. The police investigator informants acknowledged the challenges they face in managing the complexities of evidence gathering, time management, and adhering to legal standards. These operational demands are a common source of stress among investigators, often testing their ability to remain organized and effective under pressure. Despite these difficulties, the ability to persist and manage such challenges is crucial for successful investigative work.

The informants openly share the various obstacles they encounter in their work, showcasing honesty that reveals their struggles. These hurdles, ranging from time constraints to communication issues, can be daunting and often overwhelm police investigators (Davies & Vartels, 2020; Westera et al., 2023). However, they demonstrate a resilient spirit instead of succumbing to these challenges (Blumberg et al., 2021; Casas, 2021). By collaboratively discussing their experiences, they foster a sense of community and support, which is crucial in tackling the daily complexities of their roles (Hällgren et al., 2021; Radburn et al., 2022).

In their quest for improvement, police investigators continually seek efficient strategies to overcome difficulties. Their responses reflect a common desire for structured workflows and clear guidelines to simplify their processes (Prince et al., 2021). They hope to create an environment where everyone can thrive by emphasizing the importance of organization and clarity. This combination of transparency and proactive problem-solving humanizes their experiences and inspires others to learn from their trials and successes (Block-Wehba, 2021; Kochel & Skogan, 2021; Enter, 2023).

Offering digital tools and templates for case documentation is about more than just improving efficiency because it represents a commitment to creating a supportive and effective work environment (Wilson-Kovacs, 2021). By prioritizing training programs focused on stress management and time optimization, police investigators can manage their workloads better and flourish in their roles (Garcia, 2024). Achieving operational excellence goes beyond just processes; it involves a collective effort to tackle systemic challenges with innovative solutions and strong backing from the organization, making every team member feel valued and equipped to succeed (Leek, 2020; Zaghloul & Partridge, 2022).

This theme aligns with Self-Efficacy Theory by Bandura (1986). According to Bandura (2020), individuals with high self-efficacy are better equipped to handle stress and persist in the face of adversity. Their confidence in their ability to manage complex tasks enables them to adopt effective coping strategies, remain resilient, and maintain performance even when faced with overwhelming workloads. Thus, self-efficacy plays a vital role in empowering investigators to overcome operational challenges and mitigate the adverse effects of occupational stress.

Lifelong Learning and Adaptability. The police investigator informants strongly desired to stay informed about evolving laws, investigative techniques, and emerging trends to remain effective in their roles. This proactive approach to professional development demonstrates a commitment to staying current with legislative updates and adapting to the evolving demands of law enforcement. Continuous learning is essential for maintaining competence and effectiveness in a dynamic field.

Continuous learning is a vital thread connecting informants’ aspirations in this dynamic environment. The informants express a deep-rooted desire to enhance their skills, pursue new knowledge, and keep pace with the ever-evolving landscape of their field. This commitment to ongoing education reflects not just a personal goal but a collective acknowledgment that to thrive, they must continuously adapt and grow (Leek, 2020; de Maillard & Savage, 2022). The informants understand that the journey of self-improvement is not just a professional obligation but also a personal endeavor that fuels passion and purpose in their careers (Cañete et al., 2021).

The responses gathered from the informants reveal a thoughtful and proactive approach to their development. It is inspiring to see how each investigator embodies this mindset, embracing challenges as opportunities rather than obstacles. They recognize that flexibility and a willingness to learn are crucial for success in an unpredictable world. By sharing their experiences and aspirations, they highlight the importance of creating a supportive community where knowledge and growth are valued and encouraged (Aston et al., 2023). Ultimately, their journey signifies a more profound understanding: learning is not merely about adapting to change but also about enriching oneself and connecting with others through shared experiences (Meurs & Noordegraaf, 2022).

Institutions are crucial in nurturing investigators’ skills and knowledge by offering regular updates and engaging training sessions focused on the latest legal and procedural changes (Adamoniene & Ruibyte, 2022; Lingle, 2024). By fostering an environment that encourages open discussions and collaborative learning through peer forums, institutions help investigators share insights and experiences, making learning more interactive and supportive (Modise, 2024). This commitment to lifelong learning equips investigators with the necessary tools to adapt (Fielding, 2023), as it instills confidence, ensuring they are well-prepared to navigate the dynamic challenges they might face in their work (Supriyanto et al., 2021; Kohlström, 2022).

As a synthesis, police investigators aspire to more than just their professional duties; they seek personal and collective growth. This involves improving their skills and fostering a collaborative culture of mutual respect among colleagues. They aim to build trust within their community, acknowledging their critical role in public safety. Addressing operational challenges requires innovative thinking, resilience, and a commitment to lifelong learning and adaptability. Ultimately, these aspirations highlight the human element as they strive to fulfill their responsibilities and evolve as individuals and vital members of society in a supportive environment that fosters their growth and effectiveness.

CONCLUSION

Police Investigators. The study emphasizes the need for continuous professional development among police investigators. Law enforcement agencies should prioritize ongoing training and workshops to ensure investigators are updated on evolving laws, investigative methods, and emerging criminal trends.

Families of Police Investigators. This will enhance their effectiveness and improve the quality of investigations. Additionally, it will enable the direct families of police investigators to understand better the challenges they face in handling delicate and confidential information, thereby ensuring equal justice for all.

Complainants/Victims. They can surely attain justice and fairness in the legal system of the Philippines through having honest and dedicated police investigators.

Foreigners/Visitors: They may feel safe and comfortable, as police investigators will effectively and efficiently address any complaints and provide assistance regardless of their race and color. Hence, all are equal, nothing is superior to others.

Community. The attainment of security and safety, especially during nighttime, and the implementation of curfew hours can help eliminate opportunities for lawbreakers to commit crimes. The peaceful community serves as a foundation for job opportunities and economic development, as business ventures can enter into contracts with the Local Government Unit for potential business expansion.

They Accused/Respondent. Despite the challenges encountered by investigators, respect for human rights must be upheld regardless of the gravity of the crime committed.  The quality of service shall continue in consonance with the vision and mission of the PNP organization.

Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG).  The Department shall continue to oversee and ensure that members of the PNP, especially police investigators, adhere to new rules and regulations, as well as amendments to the criminal procedure, until the conviction of the accused.

Philippine National Police (PNP). To continue achieving the PNP’s mission and vision, police investigators must possess knowledge, skills, and a thorough understanding of how to manage their behavior, emotions, and feelings in relation to their work, clients, families, and society. A well-maintained and motivated workforce will bring positive images to the organization.

Bohol Police Provincial Office (BPPO). The Provincial Office could continue to serve the people with pride and honor by rendering police service in the Province of Bohol according to the mandate of the organization, the law, and the pastoral aspect of human beings. Police investigators from this provincial office can assure Boholanos that justice and fairness in all dealings will always prevail.

National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM). The supervision of the NAPOLCOM will continue to guide the PNP to become more effective and efficient police investigators. Professionalism in the hierarchy leads to modest and well-disciplined investigators, who, with the help of NAPOLCOM, implement new memorandum circulars for police investigators.

Prosecutors. They could easily determine the prima facie evidence and higher certainty for conviction, as the police investigators were equipped with knowledge and experience.

Court. Judgment for the real culprit and imposition of penalties according to the gravity of the felony. Penalty imposition for the correct perpetrator.

Local Government Units (LGUs). Support will continue, particularly in the travel allowance for filing the case in court. The active involvement of police investigators in the investigation process and the pursuit of justice for the victim can enhance the LGU’s security and encourage it to enter into contracts with major industries.

Barangay Officials. They should participate in the investigation process, as most of the cases occurred in the barangay where they have direct contact and identification with their constituents. Their cooperation will help diminish the challenges faced by police investigators in reconstructing the circumstances and identifying the culprit—the Researcher. The researcher is aware of the various challenges faced by police investigators. Most importantly, the action taken was to provide immediate answers to the situation as police investigators.

Future Researchers. They would use this study as a reference to explore more experiences and to broaden their understanding of how police investigators cope with challenges.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is the researcher’s great pleasure to convey his heartfelt gratitude to everyone who assisted the researcher in this endeavor:

Dr. Grayfied Bajao, chairman of the panel members, who took the time to read and comment on this research paper;

Dr. Paulino V. Pioquinto, the researcher’s adviser, for his untiring and constant inputs and suggestions from the conceptualization of this research up to the final drafting of the manuscript. The unending encouragement and enlightenment to cope with challenges from the preparation until the oral examination.

PLtCol Wilbert B Parilla and Guilbert Mansueto, the panel evaluators of this study, for the recommendations and suggestions which contributed much in finalizing the research manuscript;

To the Provincial Director of Bohol Police Provincial Office, PCol Lorenzo A Batuan, for the utmost support given to the researcher through approval of the transmittal letter to interview the respondents, as well as the approval of the application for study leave during thesis writing;

To the researcher’s superior, PMaj Christopher Ras Fernandez, for the continued encouragement and moral support to pursue advanced education;

To a good friend and classmates in Law School, Charles Goles, and to the rest of the informants, for the trust and time you have shared in data gathering;

The researcher’s ever-supportive wife and handsome son, Hanie, Rey Adrian II, Hazaiah Zachary, and Hananiah Issachar, have been my strength and determination to pursue educational advancement and to improve the researcher for the better continuously.

To the Lord God Almighty, who made all these things possible, and for showering blessings and a meaningful life.

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