The Integration of Maqāṣid Al-Qurān in Modern Tafsir Methodologies: Challenges and Opportunities

The Integration of Maqāṣid Al-Qurān in Modern Tafsir Methodologies: Challenges and Opportunities

Muhammad Aizat Syimir Rozani^*, Mohd Farid Ravi Abdullah, Nurzatil Ismah Azizan

Department of Al-Quran and Al-Sunnah, Selangor Islamic University

*Corresponding Author

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90200010

Received: 24 June 2025; Accepted: 02 July 2025; Published: 26 July 2025

ABSTRACT

The Quranic exegesis (al-Tafsīr) has evolved over time through incorporating various methodologies to ensure its relevance across different historical and cultural contexts. One significant development in modern tafsīr studies is the integration of the higher objectives of the Quran (Maqāṣid al-Qurān) as a framework for interpretation. This approach seeks to align Quranic exegesis with the divine purposes of revelation, such as justice, mercy, and human welfare. However, despite its potential, the integration of Maqāṣid al-Qurān into tafsir remains a subject of debate among scholars. Some argue that excessive reliance on maqāṣid could lead to subjective interpretations, potentially detaching tafsīr from its textual foundations. Others highlight the lack of a standardized methodology in applying maqāṣid that can lead to inconsistencies in Quranic interpretation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the challenges and opportunities in integrating Maqāṣid al-Qurān within modern tafsir methodologies. Using a qualitative research approach, the study employs content analysis of classical and contemporary tafsir works, with a particular focus on how maqāṣid is applied in Quranic thematic exegesis. Preliminary findings indicate that while maqāṣid-based tafsīr enhances the applicability of the Quran to contemporary issues, it still requires a well-defined methodological framework to maintain scholarly rigor. The study concludes that integrating Maqāṣid al-Qurān into tafsīr methodologies presents a promising avenue for strengthening Islamic knowledge. It empowers the Islamic approach by preserving both textual authenticity and contextual relevance.

Keywords— Maqāṣid al-Qurān, Modern, Tafsīr Methodologies, Quranic Interpretation, Contemporary Islamic Thought.

INTRODUCTION

The Quranic tafsīr has continuously evolved throughout Islamic history, incorporating various methodologies to maintain its relevance across diverse historical and cultural contexts. Since the early Islamic period, Quranic studies have continuously evolved, adapting to changing socio-political dynamics (Faris 2023). As societies progress and intellectual landscapes shift, scholars such as Fakhrurrozi, Rofiqi, and Gazali (2024) proposes a fresh approach considering both historical and contemporary contexts while maintaining core beliefs. These approaches integrate Quranic teachings with modern social, cultural and economic realities by focusing on the objectives of the Shariah to ensure relevance to issues like social justice and human rights (Fakhrurrozi et al. 2024). One of the most significant modern advancements in tafsīr is the application of Maqāṣid al-Qurān (the higher objectives of the Quran) as a guiding framework. This approach prioritizes the overarching purposes of revelation and to ensure that Quranic tafsīr remains aligned with divine wisdom and societal needs.

The growing interest in a maqāṣid-based tafsīr reflects a broader recognition of the need for interpretation that moves beyond literalism to embrace the Quran’s intended objectives. This intention echoes with (Saeed and Akbar 2021) who argue that contextualist interpretation enables Muslims to follow Quranic ethics in contemporary settings without sacrificing fundamental values. By focusing on the underlying wisdom behind Quranic directives, this methodology echoes similar developments in Islamic legal thought, where rulings are analyzed considering their greater purpose. The integration of maqāṣid into tafsīr offers a way to bridge traditional exegesis with contemporary issues, making the Quran’s message more applicable to modern dilemmas while maintaining its spiritual and ethical foundations.

However, despite its potential, this approach has sparked considerable debate among scholars. Some critics caution that an overemphasis on maqāṣid might introduce excessive subjectivity, detaching interpretation from the Quranic text itself (Güney 2024). The subjectivity in determining and interpreting maqāṣid can lead to divergent conclusions and potentially legitimize practices contrary to core Islamic principles. Others highlight the absence of a clear, standardized framework for incorporating maqāṣid into tafsīr, which may lead to inconsistencies in interpretation (Ibrahim 2014). Thus, while the maqāṣid-based tafsīr presents an opportunity for a more dynamic engagement with the Quran, it also raises critical methodological concerns that require careful scholarly attention.

Considering these discussions, this study aims to explore both the challenges and opportunities of integrating maqāṣid al-Qurān within modern tafsīr methodologies. By employing a qualitative research approach, the study examines how maqāṣid is applied in Quranic thematic exegesis. The sources for this study were selected based on a comprehensive review of significant past literatures that have contributed to the discourse on maqāṣid al-Qurān. This includes classical works from scholars such as Al-Ghazālī in his book “Jawāhir al-Qurān”, al-Zarqānī in “Manāhil al-ʿIrfān” as well as modern literature from scholars like Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī in “Kayf Nataʿāmal Maʿa Al-Qurān Al-ʿAẓīm” and Rashid Riḍā in “Al-Waḥyu Al-Muḥammadī”. Through this analysis, the research seeks to contribute to the refinement of a structured methodological framework that ensures consistency, scholarly rigor and a balanced approach between textual fidelity and contextual relevance.

Clarifying the Conceptual Foundations of Maqāṣid Al-Qurān

Maqāṣid al-Qurān is an emerging field in Islamic studies that focuses on understanding the Quranic universal objectives and purposive aspects (Islam 2011, 2012). While there is no consensus on its definition, scholars generally agree that it refers to the core teachings and objectives of the al-Quran that should be interpreted according to time and context (Fikriyati 2019). Understanding maqāṣid al-Qurān is crucial for Quranic exegesis as it guides interpreters to produce commentaries oriented towards human welfare and preventing harm (Bushiri 2019). Despite its importance, maqāṣid al-Qurān has not yet been established as a separate, universally agreed-upon discipline within Islamic scholarship (Bushiri 2019). Nonetheless, it continues to be a subject of scholarly debate and discussion in contemporary Quranic studies (Islam 2012).

While the term maqāṣid has long been associated with maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, the conceptual development of maqāṣid al-Qurān remains relatively underexplored and often conflated with legalistic frameworks. It is crucial to distinguish between these two in order to properly situate maqāṣid al-Qurān as an interpretative paradigm within the broader field of Quranic exegesis. The concept of maqāṣid al-Qurān has emerged as a distinct field from maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, offering a broader interpretation of Islamic objectives (Islam 2022). While maqāṣid al-sharīʿah focuses primarily on normative aspects of Islam, maqāṣid al-Qurān encompasses the goals of the entire Islamic discourse (Islam 2022). This expansion allows for a wider methodological scope and application beyond the traditional framework (Islam 2022). Scholars define maqāṣid al-Qurān as the directive to believe in Allah’s oneness, addressing creed, laws, and Quranic narratives (Usman & Kadir 2020). The concept has evolved from preliminary ideas in the fifth Islamic century to a specific science, generating academic debate in contemporary Quranic studies (Islam 2012). Unlike the more technical and literal ‘Uṣūl al-Fiqh’, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah offers a flexible approach to understanding Sharia, focusing on its purpose rather than textual specifics (Kamali 1999).

Maqāṣid al-Qurān is not merely an extension or superficial attachment to existing discourses on tafsīr or maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, but rather a distinct and evolving framework with its own methodological and epistemological foundation. It emphasises the thematic unity of the Quran and seeks to uncover its higher objectives through structured, purpose-driven interpretation. Approaches like al-Tafsīr al-Mawḍūʿī (thematic exegesis) are inherently linked to maqāṣid, as they organise verses by overarching Quranic aims, moving beyond atomistic readings to realise the universal message of the Quran (Hoque et al. 2023; Islam 2024). Scholars such as Ibn ʿAshūr and ʿAlāl al-Fāsī define maqāṣid al-Qurān in terms of its central mission: guiding humanity, reforming society, and restoring moral and social order (Hoque et al. 2023).

In contrast to maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, which is mainly focused on legal objectives derived from juristic deduction, maqāṣid al-Qurān extends its scope to include broader spiritual, ethical, and cosmological dimensions (Islam 2022). Islam (2022) notably argues that its methodology transcends the confines of legal reasoning by relying on thematic coherence and Quranic worldview rather than selective legal evidences. When applied rigorously, maqāṣid al-Qurān emerges as a legitimate and necessary paradigm that integrates both classical insights and contemporary needs (Hoque et al. 2023; Islam 2022, 2024).

Theoretical Framework of Maqāṣid Al-Qurān in Modern Tafsir

Maqāṣid al-Qurān is an emerging field in Quranic studies that focuses on understanding the purposive aspects of the Quranic discourse (Islam 2012). It aims to identify the universal objectives of the al-Quran by recognizing that Allah’s revelation must have specific intentions (Bushiri 2019). The concept has evolved from preliminary ideas in the 5th Islamic century to its current status as a distinct knowledge that garnered attention in scholarly discussions, publications, and conferences (Islam 2012). Understanding Maqāṣid al-Qurān is crucial for Quranic exegesis, as it guides interpreters to produce commentaries oriented towards human welfare and preventing harm (Bushiri 2019). This approach helps prevent interpretations driven solely by ideological, sectarian, or personal interests, ensuring that Quranic exegesis aligns with the broader objectives of human well-being (Bushiri 2019).

The comparison between classical and modern approaches to maqāṣid al-Qurān reveals an evolution in focus and methodology. Classical scholars primarily emphasised theological aspects like tawḥīd and prophethood (ʿAzmy 2019), while contemporary scholars expanded the scope to address modern issues (Ibrahim 2014). For example, from the perspectives of classical scholar like al-Ghazālī (1990), he emphasises on primary objectives of the al-Quran such as to know Allah SWT, the Day of Judgment, the exemplary stories in the al-Quran and to engage in worship, all of which aim to nurture spiritual awareness and devotion. Furthermore, al-Zarqānī (1995) also emphasises on knowing and understanding the Prophet Muhammad SAW as a central purpose of the al-Quran who his responsibility is to guide believers toward deeper spiritual connection through his teachings. However, contemporary Islamic scholars have broadened the scope of maqāṣid al-Qurān by addressing pressing societal issues as opposed to the solely focus on spiritual and ethical focus of classical scholars. Al-Ghazālī (2005) for instance, he emphasises the concept of gender justice, particularly in relation to the rights and roles of women that aligns with the Quranic objectives of justice and equity. Riḍā (1984) extends maqāṣid al-Qurān to areas such as Islamic economy, Islamic politics and laws of warfare. He argues that the maqāṣid al-Qurān must guide these domains to ensure a fair and just society while aligning with Islamic principles.

The traditional maqāṣid concept was criticised for being partial, individualistic and limited in induction (Wahid 2018). While modern scholars have reformulated maqāṣid al-Qurān to include broader categories and specific objectives in social, economic and political domains (Ibrahim 2014; Wahid 2018). This expansion allows for more flexible legal rulings that respond to contemporary challenges (Ibrahim 2014). The methodology for deriving maqāṣid al-Qurān has also evolved, with modern approaches drawing parallels to scientific research methods (Alias et al. 2024). This reformation aims to make maqāṣid more relevant to global issues and shift from mere legal wisdom to practical reform plans (Wahid 2018).

This expansion enables maqāṣid-based tafsīr to address contemporary issues such as human rights, gender equity, governance, and economic justice. For instance, maqāṣid al-Qurān is applied to interpret Quranic teachings on wealth distribution, poverty alleviation and ethical finance, ensuring economic justice aligns with the divine objectives. These can be seen such as in Putra’s (2021) discussion on mahr (Islamic Dowry) that has been given to the bride by the groom from the perspective of maqāṣid al-Qurān. Also, in Mauluddin’s (2018) article that discussed on the matter of wealth inheritance from the perspective of maqāṣid al-Qurān. Similarly, in political and governance matters, maqāṣid is used to promote good governance, interfaith relations and legal reforms while ensuring Quranic interpretations remain relevant in diverse socio-political contexts. For example, Kulsum (2020) who wrote on the constellation between the concept of Islamic moderation and Indonesia’s Pancasila from the perspective of maqāṣid al-Qurān and Mujib and Hamim (2021), who discussed on a controversial issue of religious freedom and riddah through the maqasidic interpretation.

Based on the articles mentioned, the methodology for deriving maqāṣid al-Qurān has also evolved with modern approaches integrating scientific research methods and interdisciplinary analysis (Alias et al. 2024). Unlike classical methodologies that relied primarily on textual induction and jurisprudential reasoning, contemporary methods incorporate empirical research, case studies and interdisciplinary perspectives. The integration of psychology, sociology, law, and data-driven analysis allows maqāṣid al-Qurān to be applied in real-world problem-solving, extending beyond theoretical discussions.

Furthermore, technological advancements, including artificial intelligence (AI) and digital tools are increasingly being explored to systematise maqāṣid-based tafsīr to reduce biases and enhance accuracy in interpretation. This practical and reform-oriented approach ensures that maqāṣid al-Qurān remains a dynamic and evolving framework and capable of addressing global challenges while preserving the textual integrity and divine intent of the Quran. This reformation shifts maqāṣid from mere legal wisdom to actionable strategies for contemporary society (Wahid 2018). Fig. 1 below shows a theoretical framework of maqāṣid al-Qurān in modern tafsir.

Fig. 1 Theoretical Framework of Maqāṣid al-Qurān in Modern Tafsir

Source: Derived from Ibrahim (2014), Wahid (2018) and ʿAzmy (2019)

Challenges in Integrating Maqāṣid Al-Qurān in Modern Tafsir

The integration of Maqāṣid al-Qurān in tafsīr presents several challenges particularly in balancing textual and contextual interpretations. While maqāṣid aims to align exegesis with the broader goals of the Quran, its application often raises concerns about preserving the integrity of the original text. Methodological inconsistencies also emerge due to the lack of a standardised approach for applying maqāṣid that leads to variations in interpretation across different themes and scholars. Furthermore, scholarly discourse on maqāṣid in tafsīr is marked by criticism especially regarding the potential risks of modernist reinterpretations and the limits of ijtihād in maintaining classical exegetical traditions. These challenges necessitate careful consideration in integrating maqāṣid while ensuring a balance between textual authenticity and contextual relevance.

Textual vs. Contextual Interpretation

One of the key challenges in integrating Maqāṣid al-Qurān into tafsīr is the tension between preserving the textual meaning of Quranic verses and deriving the higher objectives (maqāṣid) from them. Traditional tafsīr methods often focus on textual interpretations based on the text’s immediate meaning, historical context and legal rulings. For instance, classical tafsīr may emphasize the legal or ritual aspects of a verse, such as the rules of inheritance or prayer (Ibrahim 2014).

However, maqāṣid-based tafsīr seeks to uncover the universal principles and goals behind the Quranic verses through the lens of maqāṣid by using contextual interpretation such as justice, mercy, or human welfare. This approach aims to draw broader, more flexible conclusions that are applicable to modern circumstances and potentially going beyond the direct as well historical interpretation of a verse (Bushiri 2019), Having said that, this modern approach may sometimes diverge from the direct or apparent textual meaning (Chokri 2023; Sutrisno 2017).

A case study often cited in discussions of maqāṣid-based tafsīr is the Quranic verse on wealth and poverty, such as those relating to zakat (almsgiving) and riba (usury). Classical interpretations often focus on the specific legal prohibitions and the exact amounts to be given in charity (Wahid 2018). However, scholars utilising maqāṣid would argue that the underlying goal of these verses is the eradication of poverty and the promotion of social justice, suggesting a broader, more adaptable application that could address issues like economic inequality and wealth concentration in the modern world (Ahyani et al. 2025; Billah 2018).

Scholars face the dilemma of adhering to the Quran’s textual integrity while also drawing from its higher objectives to address contemporary issues. Therefore, the challenge lies in ensuring that these two approaches do not conflict but rather complement each other.

Although the integration of maqāṣid al-Qurān in modern tafsir is crucial but need to be careful as this approach sometimes diverge from the actual meaning, causing a contradict explanation from the holy al-Quran (Chokri 2023; Sutrisno 2017). For example, in the issue of hijab and gender equality misinterpretation, Adib Samsudin and Hamjah (2015) stated that the Joint Action Group for Gender Equality (JAG) argues that forcing women to wear the hijab contradicts the maqāṣid of justice and equality. They believe that true justice is achieved by giving women the freedom to choose. However, this misunderstanding arises from prioritizing a broad maqāṣid (justice) over explicit Quranic injunctions (e.g., Surah An-Nur 24:31 and Surah Al-Ahzab 33:59), which command believing women to cover themselves.

Another issue is related to polygamy and marital justice misinterpretation by Sisters in Islam (SIS) (Samsudin and Hamjah 2015). SIS contend that Islam only allows monogamy and that polygamy contradicts the maqāṣid of fairness in marriage. They argue that since justice is a core objective of the Quran, polygamy should be prohibited to ensure equality.

The misuse of maqāṣid in Quranic interpretation arises when higher objectives like justice and fairness are applied selectively to override clear textual rulings. This includes overgeneralizing maqāṣid, prioritizing modern contextual ideals over textual sources and neglecting methodological consistency. Such approaches risk undermining the integrity of Quranic interpretation by allowing subjective or ideological readings that conflict with established Islamic principles.

In conclusion, the challenge of balancing textual integrity with maqāṣid-based interpretation requires a methodological approach that ensures coherence between the Quran’s explicit rulings and its higher objectives. While maqāṣid offers valuable insights for addressing contemporary issues, its selective application can lead to misinterpretations that override clear textual meanings. Therefore, a disciplined and systematic framework is essential to prevent subjective or ideological biases, ensuring that maqāṣid serves to complement rather than contradict the Quranic text.

Methodological Inconsistencies

Other challenges in integrating Maqāṣid al-Qurān into modern tafsīr lies in the lack of methodological consistency. Despite the growing scholarly interest in maqāṣid-based interpretation, there is no universally accepted framework that guides how these objectives should be systematically applied across various thematic domains such as social justice, legal rulings, and ethical guidance. Therefore, it is not yet matured as other intellectual discourse on the approaches of tafsīr (Rozani et al. 2022). As a result, scholars may adopt different methods and interpretative lenses when engaging with similar Quranic verses, leading to varied and sometimes confusion in its implementation, particularly when prioritising reason over explicit textual evidence (Samsudin and Hamjah 2015).

This inconsistency becomes evident when maqāṣid is applied in areas like gender equality, governance, or family law. For instance, some interpretations may prioritise social welfare (maṣlaḥah) in a way that dilutes or overlooks direct textual evidence, while others remain strictly literal, resisting any maqāṣid-based expansion (Samsudin and Hamjah 2015). Such variations weaken the credibility of maqāṣid-based tafsīr and make it difficult for the scholarly community to build upon each other’s work in a coherent and cumulative way.

Furthermore, the absence of a well-structured and standardised framework for maqāṣid al-Qurān poses serious implications for scholarly continuity and integrity. Without clear indicators or criteria to determine the hierarchy and derivation of maqāṣid, interpretations risk becoming overly subjective. This lack of structure also makes it difficult to train new scholars in consistent methodologies, potentially opening the door to ideologically driven or culturally biased exegesis under the guise of pursuing higher objectives this can be seen in the cases of JAG’s misinterpretation on the issue of hijab and gender equality as well SIS’s misinterpretation on the issue of polygamy and marital justice (Samsudin and Hamjah 2015).

In summary, the methodological inconsistency in applying maqāṣid underscores the urgent need for a unified framework that upholds both textual fidelity and contextual relevance. Establishing such a framework would provide clarity, enhance academic rigor and strengthen the position of maqāṣid-based tafsīr in contemporary Quranic intellectual discourse.

Scholarly Discourse and Criticism

Integrating maqāṣid al-Qurān into tafsīr has sparked significant scholarly discourse and criticism, particularly concerning its potential impact on classical exegetical traditions and the role of ijtihād (independent legal reasoning).​ Despite its growing importance, maqāṣid al-Qurān lacks a universally accepted scholarly definition (Islam 2011) that leads to its challenges in implementing the tafsīr. Moreover, concerns have emerged regarding its potential to undermine classical exegetical traditions methodologies, which are deeply rooted in linguistic, historical, and contextual analyses (Chokri 2023). Some scholars argue that maqāṣid-based tafsīr can be classified into guided and conclusive types, as well as availing/activating and disruptive/obstructive categories (Chokri 2023). This classification aims to address worries about excessive interpretation or dilution of Quranic provisions under the guise of maqāṣid and maintaining balance in preventing the marginalization of classical scholarship and the integrity and continuity of Quranic interpretation.

Maqāṣid al-Qurān is closely linked to ijtihād, which plays a crucial role in addressing new issues arising from technological and scientific advancements (Haq 2022), The interplay between ijtihād and maqāṣid has roots in pre-modern legal thought as exemplified by the works of al-Ghazali and al-Shatibi (Parrey 2024). However, Islam (2022) points out that the theoretical development of maqāṣid remains limited while its implementation has grown. Therefore, the lack of a well-structured framework poses challenges for standardising ijtihād practices within the maqāṣid al-Qurān framework.

In conclusion, while maqāṣid al-Qurān offers a valuable and broader interpretation in modern times, its integration into tafsīr remains a subject of scholarly debate. Concerns regarding its potential to overshadow classical exegetical methodologies highlight the need for a balanced approach that preserves linguistic and historical analyses while incorporating purposive interpretations. Furthermore, the reliance on ijtihād within maqāṣid-based tafsīr presents both opportunities and limitations, as its theoretical foundation remains underdeveloped despite its growing application. To ensure the integrity and continuity of Quranic interpretation, future studies must focus on refining a structured methodological framework that aligns maqāṣid with established exegetical traditions, thereby preventing interpretative excesses while addressing contemporary challenges. Fig. 2 below shows an illustration of challenges in integrating maqāṣid al-Qurān in modern tafsīr.

Fig. 2 Challenges in Integrating Maqāṣid al-Qurān in Modern Tafsir

Source: Derived from Rozani et al. (2025)

Opportunities in Applying Maqāṣid Al-Qurān in Modern Tafsir

The application of maqāṣid al-Qurān in tafsīr offers promising opportunities for enriching Quranic interpretation in modern times. By bridging classical and contemporary thought, this approach allows scholars to preserve traditional exegetical integrity while addressing present-day realities. Furthermore, it opens the door for developing a systematic maqāṣid framework that can provide clarity and consistency in interpretation. These advancements also enhance the overall relevance of tafsīr within Islamic intellectual discourse, enabling it to effectively respond to emerging challenges in areas such as ethics, governance, education and interfaith dialogue.

Bridging Classical and Contemporary Thought

The dynamic nature of society necessitates an interpretative approach to the Quran that harmonises traditional exegesis with modern realities. Classical exegetes focused on theological issues, while modern scholars emphasize relevance to current challenges (Ali 2018). Maqāṣid-based tafsīr serves as a conduit between the foundational texts and contemporary issues by ensuring that Islamic teachings remain pertinent and responsive.​ It emerges as a new paradigm that aims to uncover deeper meanings and provide solutions to evolving humanitarian issues (Sutrisno 2017).

By focusing on the underlying maqāṣid al-Qurān, Islamic scholars especially the mufassir can address contemporary societal issues such as human rights, governance, and ethics. For instance, the principle of justice (ʿadl) can be applied to promote equitable treatment and human dignity that align with universal human rights standards. In governance, maqāṣid emphasize consultation (shūrā) and public welfare (maṣlaḥa), such principles that can inform democratic practices and ethical leadership. Ethically, maqāṣid guide moral conduct by prioritizing values like honesty and compassion, which are essential in today’s diverse societies.​

The transition from classical to modern tafsir is exemplified by works like Nawawi al-Bantani’s Marah Labid, which bridges traditional and modern interpretations (Bahary 2015). The paradigm shift in tafsir is characterised by new methodological concepts that aim to reconcile Quranic text with social realities, as seen in the contrasting approaches of Ibn Kathir and Fazlur Rahman (Dozan 2020).

Therefore, through maqāṣid-based tafsīr, Islamic scholars can effectively bridge the gap between classical interpretations and contemporary challenges and ensure that the Quran’s teachings continue to provide relevant guidance in the modern world.​

Developing a Systematic Maqasid Framework

The absence of a standardised methodology for incorporating maqāṣid into tafsīr has led to inconsistencies in interpretation. Thus, developing a systematic framework is essential for coherent and reliable exegesis.​

Recent studies highlight the dire need of maqāṣid-based tafsir and its potential as a framework for solving contemporary issues. Scholars propose using maqāṣid as a basis for formulating development policies and prioritising projects, focusing on preserving faith, life, intellect, offspring, and wealth (Lamıdo 2016). Contemporary thinkers also advocate for a more systematic maqāṣid framework that emphasises development and rights rather than just protection (Kholil 2018).

Proposed models for integrating maqāṣid into tafsīr involve a structured approach that identifies the higher objectives behind Quranic verses and applies them contextually. Digital tools and artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance this process by analysing large corpora of texts to identify patterns and themes related to maqāṣid (Saddhono et al. 2024). AI algorithms can assist in cross-referencing classical interpretations with contemporary issues, facilitating a more nuanced understanding. However, the ethical implications of using AI in Islamic studies must be carefully considered to maintain the integrity of Quranic interpretation.​

Hence, developing a systematic maqāṣid framework and supported by technological advancements could make interpretations and Quranic exegesis broad, more accessible and applicable to current issues.​

Enhancing the Relevance of Tafsir in Islamic Scholarship

Incorporating maqāṣid into tafsīr enhances its relevance by aligning Quranic interpretations with the objectives of Islamic thought, thereby addressing modern challenges effectively.​

These evolving methodology in Qur’anic research and tafsīr has significant implications for contemporary Islamic thought which emphasise the need for rigorous interpretive techniques that can meet the challenges of modernity while maintaining relevance to Islamic principles (Nirwana AN et al. 2024).

The relevance of maqāṣid-based tafsīr lies in its ability to address modern legal challenges and enhance a more holistic understanding of Sharia law’s values and objectives (Saleh, Riyadi, and Mubarok 2024). In policymaking, it provides a framework for developing laws and regulations that reflect Islamic values while addressing contemporary societal needs (Karimullah 2023). Additionally, in interfaith discourse, maqāṣid-based tafsīr can highlight common ethical and moral grounds that promotes mutual respect and understanding among different religious communities (Mustapa, Suardi, and Kirin 2025).

In conclusion, Islamic intellectual discourse can remain dynamic and responsive by integrating maqāṣid into tafsīr. This approach can effectively contribute to various facets of modern society, including education, governance and interfaith relations.​

In summary, the integration of maqāṣid al-Qurān into modern tafsīr offers promising opportunities for enriching Quranic interpretation and enhancing its relevance to contemporary life. By bridging classical and contemporary thought, scholars are able to preserve the authenticity of traditional exegesis while engaging with modern realities. The development of a structured maqāṣid framework, especially with the aid of digital tools and AI, holds the potential to standardise and expand the reach of Quranic interpretation. Moreover, this approach reinforces the dynamism of Islamic thought, ensuring that tafsīr continues to play a vital role in education, policymaking and interfaith understanding in the modern era. Fig. 3 below shows an illustration of opportunities in applying maqāṣid al-Qurān in modern tafsīr.

Fig. 3 Opportunities in Applying Maqāṣid al-Qurān in Modern Tafsir

Source: Derived from Rozani et al. (2025)

CONCLUSIONS

This study has critically examined the integration of maqāṣid al-Qurān within modern tafsīr methodologies by addressing both the challenges and the opportunities involved. Through exploring the theoretical evolution from classical to contemporary perspectives, this article highlights how modern scholars have expanded the objectives of maqāṣid to meet the demands of today’s complex social, political and ethical realities. At the same time, it acknowledges the methodological tensions and inconsistencies that arise, particularly the underdeveloped theoretical foundation of maqāṣid-based ijtihād and the risk of neglecting established linguistic and contextual analyses.

Despite these concerns, this article has shown that maqāṣid al-Qurān holds great potential in revitalising tafsīr, especially through its ability to bridge traditional scholarship with contemporary relevance. The opportunities discussed ranging from the development of structured frameworks to the use of digital tools and AI, signal promising directions for expanding the influence and application of Quranic interpretation in diverse domains.

Ultimately, this study has fulfilled its objective by presenting a balanced evaluation of the challenges and opportunities in integrating maqāṣid al-Qurān into modern tafsīr. For future research, a critical engagement with primary tafsir texts such as those by Ibn ʿĀshūr, Rashid Riḍā, Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī, Muḥammad al-Makkī al-Nāṣirī al-Maghribī and many others contemporary tafsir is necessary to substantiate these claims and to explore how their methodologies contribute to a modern application of maqāsid-based tafsir.

Future research should also focus on refining the theoretical foundations of maqāṣid al-Qurān and ensuring that its application does not detract from the classical exegetical integrity but rather complements it with contemporary insights. Through these suggested efforts, maqāṣid-based tafsir can be further refined and its relevance strengthened in contemporary Quranic interpretation. Empirical studies that explore the real-world impact of maqāṣid-based tafsīr will also provide valuable insights and contribute to the continued practical adoption of this emerging paradigm.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author would like to express sincere gratitude to Universiti Islam Selangor for its continuous support and encouragement throughout the preparation of this article. The academic environment and resources provided by the university have been instrumental in facilitating the research and completion of this work. Special thanks are also extended to the faculty members and research supervisors whose guidance contributed significantly to the development of this study.

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