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Impact of Blended Learning on Comprehension of Electromagnetic Induction Concepts: A Case Study in Chongwe District Schools
- June 25, 2025
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Exploring Language Learning Strategies to Enhance ESL Writing: A Quantitative Study of Year 6 Pupils in Sarawak
- June 25, 2025
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Integrating Sustainability into Physics Education as a Pathway to a Greener Future for Nigeria
- June 25, 2025
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Impact of Principals’ Self-Efficacy on Teachers’ Self-Efficacy
- June 25, 2025
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Leading the Herd: The Perceived Leadership Styles of the Center Directors of Philippine Carabao Center in Mindanao
- June 25, 2025
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Profiling Selected Restaurant Industry: A Post-Pandemic Lens on Business Dynamics and Demographics
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Mapping the Nexus between Green Taxation and Technological Innovation in Enterprises: A Bibliometric Analysis
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The Naqshabandiyyah Baha’iyyah Mujaddidiyyah Khalidiyyah Dziya’iyyah in Negeri Sembilan: An Overview
- June 25, 2025
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Entrepreneurship, Growth Drivers, and Economic Development: The Roles of Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Sustainable Development in Nigeria
- June 25, 2025
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Influence of Rainfall Magnitude on Maize, Beans and African Nightshade Production in Nyando Sub-County of Kisumu County, Kenya
- June 25, 2025
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Exploring The Consequences of Covid-19 Among Fruits and Vegetable Vendors in Poblacion, Trento Agusan Del Sur: Challenges, Strategies and Emerging Social Supports
- June 25, 2025
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Industry Feedback on Work Immersion: A Qualitative Exploration
- June 25, 2025
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Implementation of Digital Portfolio for Vocational Teachers’ Digital Skills: A Systematic Literature Review
- June 25, 2025
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Alliance for Enhancing Agroecological Practices among Organic Farmers in Tanzania: Perceptions, Opportunities, and Challenges of the SAT-SUA Farmer Centred Research Programme.
- June 25, 2025
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Impact of Gender on the social networking sites usage among pre-university college students of Tirupati city
- June 25, 2025
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Teaching Critical Thinking in Civic Education: A Qualitative Study of Novice Teachers’ Experiences and Challenges
- June 25, 2025
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Crafting Comprehension: A Systematic Guide to Designing and Developing an Inquiry-Based Reciprocal Teaching (IBRT) Module
- June 25, 2025
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The Technological Domains of TPACK as Predictors of Teacher Autonomy
- June 25, 2025
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A Mobile-Based Computer-Aided Pattern Crafting and Marker Making (CAPCAMM) Manual for Teaching TLE 12 Pattern Drafting
- June 24, 2025
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The Impact of Teacher-Student Relationship on Students’ Self-Efficacy: Study Based on the Secondary Schools in Colombo Education Zone
- June 24, 2025
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Science Attitude and Science Anxiety on the Academic Performance of Grade 10 Learners
- June 24, 2025
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Educational Lifestyle and Collaborative Environment on Teachers’ Instructional Competence
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Emotional Well-Being and Organizational Commitment of Teachers Instructional Delivery
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Digital Competence and Work Life Balance on Teaching Effectiveness of Long Serving Basic Education Teachers
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Effects of Learning Style Preferences on Scientific Attitude of High School Students
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Enhancing Medication Safety: Evaluating Prescription Label Readability Among the Elderly
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Between Security and Repressions: The Martial Law Years in Iligan City 1972-1981
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BIM in Chinese High-Rise Building Projects: Challenges to Adoption and Strategic Recommendations
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Developing the Ihya Child-Centred Counselling Model (ICCCM): An Islamic Therapy Framework Based on Al-Ghazali’s Ihya Ulumuddin for Abused Children in Brunei
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Lived Experiences of Teachers Handling Mother Tongue as a Subject in Private Elementary Schools
- June 23, 2025
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Word Recognition Level and Comprehension Skills of Grade 7 Struggling Readers at Dulag National High School
- June 23, 2025
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Indigenization of Curriculum in Vinzons District and Its Effects to the Learning Engagement of Dumagat Learners
- June 23, 2025
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Self-efficacy of Early Childhood Education Pre-Service Teachers after the Tara, Basa! Tutoring Program of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
- June 23, 2025
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Impact Assessment of CBFM-CARP Project on Knowledge, Skills, Values and Attitudes of Beneficiaries at Barangay Tugop, San Fernando, Bukidnon
- June 23, 2025
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Decolonising and Africanising the University Curriculum: Experiences of Selected Zimbabwean and South African Lecturers
- June 23, 2025
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The Impact of Culture Diversity in Nursing Care among Students
- June 23, 2025
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Entrepreneurship Education and Its Influence on Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Qualitative Study among Malaysian Undergraduates
- June 23, 2025
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Expecting Mothers’ Perceptions of Compulsory HIV Testing Insights from a Certain Health Facility in Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- June 23, 2025
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The Impact of Revenue Consultants on States’ Internally Generated Revenue; Evidence from Oyo State in South West, Nigeria
- June 23, 2025
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Financial Liberalization and Bank Performance in GCC Countries: A Quantile Regression Analysis
- June 23, 2025
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Relationship Between School Climate and Academic Achievement Among Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kiambu County, Kenya
- June 23, 2025
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The Architecture of Attachment: Emotional Foundations in R.J. Palacio’s Wonder
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Truth, Certitude, and Conviction in the Nso’ World View: An African Epistemological Challenge
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“Financial Literacy and Classroom Management Practices on Teaching Engagement of Teachers”
- June 21, 2025
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Habib Abdurrahman Teupin Wan: The Spirit of Aceh’s Struggle
- June 21, 2025
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Initiatives by the African Union and the Inter-governmental Authority on Development in the South Sudan Peace Process, 2013-2023
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The Lived Experiences of Junior High School Students Towards the Implementation of the ‘No Single-Use Plastic Policy’
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Investigating the Relationship between Education Expenditure, Female Employment, Renewable Energy Consumption, and CO2 Emissions in Sri Lanka
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Migration and Religion in Africa
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Dominant Factor of Economics Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Non-Adherence to Student-Centred Instructional Practice
- June 21, 2025
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Access and Use of Healthcare by Ethnic Minorities in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana
- June 21, 2025
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Formulation and Testing of Stick Deodorant Containing Bioactive Components from Molecularly Distilled Aceh Patchouli Oil
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“Identifying Challenges in HOTS Implementation among Novice Vocational Lecturers: A Fuzzy Delphi Perspective”
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From Home to Classroom: Experiences of Beginning Teachers in the Philippine Education System
- June 20, 2025
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The Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Food Security among the Rendille Pastoralist Households
- June 20, 2025
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Improving Estate Distribution Process through Alternative Dispute Resolution Method: Practitioner’s Perspective
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Machine Learning and Domain Knowledge in Biomedical Imaging
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The Influence of Customer Experience on Satisfaction and Loyalty among Young Adults in Themed Restaurants: An Empirical Approach Using Structural Equation Modeling
- June 20, 2025
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The Effect of Students’ Prosocial Behavior and Students’ Self-Efficacy on their Mathematics Achievement in Senior High Schools.
- June 20, 2025
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Digital Halalan-Toyyiban Intervention to Enhance Dietary Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among University Students: An Exploratory Assessment
- June 20, 2025
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Factors Affecting School Leadership Collegiality: Basis For School Organizational Climate Enhancements
- June 20, 2025
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Metacognitive Training for Older Adults with Depression: A Brief Review
- June 20, 2025
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Reasons of Being Delinquent in the Community: A Phenomenological Study
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SOLO Tracker for Assessing Learners’ Degree of Responses to HOTS-Based Science Questions
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The Innovative Teaching Practice of University Lecturers in Hebei, China
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Effect of Macroeconomic Policy Implementation on Unemployment in Kenya
- June 20, 2025
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The Moderating Effect of Spiritual Intelligence on Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Wellbeing Among Healthcare Workers in Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia: A Pilot Study
- June 20, 2025
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Online Language Learning Apps: A Revolution in English Education
- June 20, 2025
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From Disruption to Recovery: Strategic Education Policy for Post-Pandemic Brunei
- June 19, 2025
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Factors Affecting the Cognitive Skills of University Students in Malaysia: Technology Use, Sleep Patterns, and Eating Habits
- June 19, 2025
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Understanding Local Farmers’ Perceptions for their Farm Financing using Loans from Informal Creditors
- June 19, 2025
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Disaster Resilience Planning for Risk Mitigation and Business Continuity.
- June 19, 2025
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Differentiated Instruction as an Inclusive Practice: Addressing the Needs of Learners with Visual Impairment in Ghanaian Basic Schools
- June 19, 2025
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Perceptions of Students and Parents on Catering Vocational Education: A Case Study in the Bono Region of Ghana
- June 19, 2025
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Spending Behavior of DepEd Personnel on the Use of Local Credit Card: Basis for Personal Financial Plan
- June 19, 2025
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Systematic Literature Review on Skill Mismatch: Bridging the Gap through Educational Leadership and Industry Collaboration
- June 19, 2025
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Technology Integration through Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) in Teaching TLE 11 Garments Concepts
- June 19, 2025
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Impact of Public Debt Stocks on Private Investment Across States in Nigeria
- June 19, 2025
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Game-based learning in improving student engagement
- June 19, 2025
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The Impact of Using Paylater Platforms on the Impulsive Spending Behavior of Young Professionals in General Santos City
- June 19, 2025
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Effect of School Feeding Programme on Enrolment, Retention and Completion of Primary School Education in Kebbi State
- June 19, 2025
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The Mediating Effect of Perceptions of Green Products on the Relationship Between Social Media Usage and Consumer Engagement among Gen Z and Millennials on Small Medium Enterprises
- June 19, 2025
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Understanding the Challenges, Benefits, and Attitudes of Halal Certification Among Restaurants in General Santos City
- June 19, 2025
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Digital Marketing, Product Quality, and Marketing Mix Construct: A Structural Equation Model on Customer Engagement among Coffee Shops in the Municipality of Santo Tomas
- June 19, 2025
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Well – Being and Organizational Commitment on Teaching Competence in Public Secondary and Integrated Schools in Rural Areas
- June 18, 2025
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Rebranded Academic Programme and Enrollment Intentions: An Analysis of Student Satisfaction and Positive Word-of-Mouth in Ghanaian Universities
- June 18, 2025
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The Influence of Work-Life Balance and Emotional Intelligence on Female Lecturers’ Performance: The Mediating Role of Dual Roles at Universitas Mulawarman
- June 18, 2025
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Validating the Instrument, Muteveri`S Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale
- June 18, 2025
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Strata Governance Challenges: An Empirical Analysis of Annual General Meeting Non-Compliance in Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru
- June 18, 2025
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Project-Based Learning Pedagogy: Bridging Theory and Practice for Real-World Impact
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Rebuilding the Construction Industry: A Strategic SCM Framework for Overcoming Pandemic Challenges
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A Qualitative Investigation into the Use of Web 2.0 Technologies by Academics at a Higher Education Institution in Uganda
- June 18, 2025
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Socio-Emotional Competence and Academic Grit Among Grade Ten Students of the Largest Comprehensive High School
- June 18, 2025
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Adolescent Perspectives on Fathers’ Rights in Post-Divorce Malaysia: A Children’s Rights Education Approach
- June 18, 2025
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Post-Delivery Pain Management: Assessing Nurses’ Knowledge of Nonpharmacological Approaches
- June 18, 2025
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School Feeding Programme in Universal Primary Education (Upe) Schools of Uganda: The Case Study of Bukomansimbi District
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Exploring the Ripple Effect: How Teachers and Feedback Shape the Flow of Student Involvement, Discussion, and Knowledge Exchange to Enrich Learning Outcomes
- June 18, 2025
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Exploring the Relationship between Students’ Interest and Research Writing Performance among Grade 12 Students
- June 17, 2025
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A Comparative Analysis of Educational Privatization and School Choice on Testing and Access in the United States and Pakistan
- June 17, 2025
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Exemptions from Maritime Carrier Liability: A Comparative Legal-Doctrinal Analysis Under the Rotterdam Rules and National Laws
- June 17, 2025
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Enhancing the Level of Knowledge and Awareness among TB Patients: A Collaborative Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance with the City Health Office and a Pharmacist through the use of TB InfoKit in the City of Koronadal
- June 17, 2025
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The Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder on the Quality of Life of Parents
- June 17, 2025
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Establishing A Special Program In Sports (SPS) at Mangelen Integrated School: A Feasibility Study
- June 17, 2025
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An Assessment on the Challenges faced by Education College Administrators in the Implementation of Government Policies in Zambia
- June 17, 2025
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Reimagining Waqf in the Digital Age: A Framework for Smart Waqf Governance Through Emerging Technologies
- June 17, 2025
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Feasibility Study on the Conversion of the Existing Special Science Curriculum to Science, Technology, and Engineering (STE) Program at Silway-8 National High School
- June 17, 2025
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Tuning into Success: Evaluating the Acute Effects of Self-Selected Music on Netball Shooting Performance
- June 17, 2025
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Feasibility Study on Establishing a Special Program for Journalism (SPJ) at Glan Central Integrated SPED Center
- June 17, 2025
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Project-Based Learning Materials to Enhance Creative Thinking in Grade 7 Science
- June 16, 2025
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Inhibitory Control and Academic Performance in Arabic-Speaking Primary School Students
- June 16, 2025
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The Relationship of Motivation to the Problem-Solving Skills of Students in Mathematics
- June 16, 2025
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Agency Costs and Firms Performance of Listed Construction and Real Estate Companies in Nigeria
- June 16, 2025
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Transforming Challenges into Opportunities: A Conceptual Exploration of AI’s Impact on Women Entrepreneurs in Malaysia
- June 16, 2025
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Access of Women to Public Spaces: Socio-Cultural Impact on Their Identity and Dignity
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From Armageddon to AI Takeover: Evolution of Doomsday in Faith and Techno-Science Discourse
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Meta-cognitive beliefs in Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparison of Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Control
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Unpacking the Dynamism of Cagayan De Oro Solo Parent Program: A Case Of Program Implementation In Cagayan De Oro City
- June 14, 2025
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The Lens of Effective School Principals’ Leadership Styles Through Teachers’ Preference: An Integrative Literature Review
- June 14, 2025
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A Literature Review of Teacher-Child Interactions During Shared Reading in Chinese Kindergartens
- June 14, 2025
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The Determinant Factors for Affecting Human Resource Information System Usage
- June 14, 2025
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Mapping the Landscape of Scientific Creativity in Science Education: A Bibliometric Analysis
- June 14, 2025
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Enhancing Achievement and Interest in Mathematics Learning Through Innovative Pedagogical Approach
- June 14, 2025
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Efficient Method for Assets Allocation
- June 13, 2025
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Kahoot: Sparking Innovation and Engagement in Modern Teaching
- June 13, 2025
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Nurturing Creativity through Innovation: A Leadership Study from Perak Educators
- June 13, 2025
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Faculty Workloads in Relation to Stress Management and Job Satisfaction in the Criminology Programs
- June 13, 2025
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Path to Sainthood: Niña Ruiz Abad as the First Child for Beatification in Southeast Asia
- June 13, 2025
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Biblical Foundations of Job Satisfaction: Integrating Purpose and Fulfillment in Workforce Strategy
- June 13, 2025
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Assessing the Accessibility and Inclusiveness of E-Learning Systems for Visually Impaired Students in Selected Ugandan Universities: A Review.
- June 13, 2025
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Self-efficacy, Psychological Empowerment and Occupational Stress: A Structural Equation Model on Quality of Work Life of Local Government Employees
- June 13, 2025
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The impact of communication skills on students entering the labor market: Bibliometric analysis from Scopus database over two decades (2005-2024)
- June 13, 2025
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Levels and Predictors of Sustainability Finance Knowledge Across Finance and Non-Finance Professionals in Nigeria
- June 13, 2025
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Mixed Reality: A Learners Training Ground in Enhancing Creativity and Critical Thinking of Grade 9 ICT Students
- June 13, 2025
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The Role of Technology in Enhancing Tourist Safety And Security: Challenges And Opportunities
- June 13, 2025
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Revisiting Tinto’s Student Integration Theory: A Framework for Understanding Doctoral Student Attrition and Enhancing Retention Strategies
- June 13, 2025
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Feasibility Study on the Offering of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Human Resource Management (BSBA-HRM) Program at Cronasia Foundation College, Inc.
- June 13, 2025
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Effectiveness of Police Reforms: Merging of Administration, Police Service and Regular Police in Kenya: A Case of Nakuru City County
- June 13, 2025
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An Investigation into the Relationship Between Climate Change and Trade in Zimbabwe
- June 13, 2025
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Insights on the Importance of Positive Education in Facilitating the Process of Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers
- June 13, 2025
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Coping Mechanism on Math Anxiety Among Freshman College Students of Mindanao State University-Sulu
- June 12, 2025
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Msgr. Gregorio Aglipay in The Collective Memory of Bataquenos: How He Shaped The Nationalist Spirit Of Filipinos In Southeast Asia
- June 12, 2025
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Beyond Proximity: Investigating Learners’ Preference for Distant Schools Over Nearby Institutions
- June 12, 2025
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Navigating Uncertainty: Assessing the Socioeconomic and Health Implications of USAID and PEPFAR Funding Withdrawal in Africa
- June 12, 2025
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“Kumen Mfe Nungwan Ibyumegh” (Pounding Knowledge, Adding Foolishness): A Tiv Epistemological Critique of Western Epistemic Modality in Political Philosophy
- June 12, 2025
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The Level of Awareness on Vision, Mission and Goals Among 4th Year Students at Toril, Davao City
- June 12, 2025
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The Relationship between Digital Resource Availability and Intentional Learning among High School Science Students in Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines
- June 12, 2025
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Lyrically Enlightened Learners: Fostering Values Formation through Character Building Songs
- June 12, 2025
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Integrating Self-Determination and Flow Theory: A Multidimensional Analysis of Gaming Experience Effects on Gamified Learning
- June 12, 2025
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Exploring Language Learning Strategies of Good Language Learners in Malaysian ESL Contexts
- June 12, 2025
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Exclusion of Scheduled Tribes from Healthcare Systems: A Case Study of the Tarao and Kharam Tribes of Manipur.
- June 12, 2025
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Parental Involvement in Students’ Academic Performance: A Basis for Collaborative Training Program
- June 12, 2025
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Social Interaction of Special Advisor Teachers with Children with Special Disabilities in Primary Schools in Lamongan Regency, East Java
- June 12, 2025
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Educational and Athletic Development of a Learner with Intellectual Disability and Microcephaly: Stakeholders’ Perspective
- June 11, 2025
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The Relationship of Stakeholders’ Involvement to the Project Sustainability Plan of Public Schools
- June 11, 2025
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The Relationship of Access in Technology to the Teachers Productivity in the Last Mile Schools
- June 11, 2025
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Assessment of Factors Affecting the Teaching of Learners with Emotional Disorders through Various Learning Initiatives at Masaba Central Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya
- June 11, 2025
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Human Capital Investment and Performance of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
- June 11, 2025
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Instructional Videos and Strategies on Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture and the Learning Responses of Grade 12 Shs Students in Inhs
- June 11, 2025
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Internationalization Evolution of Vocational Education in China (1949-2023): the Knowledge Mapping of Research Overview and Hot Trends
- June 11, 2025
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A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Parental Mental Health Challenges in Malaysia
- June 11, 2025
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Examining the Influencing Factors of Access to Improved Water Sources in Sub-Saharan Africa
- June 11, 2025
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Analysis of Housing Demand in Awka City, Anambra State
- June 11, 2025
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Feasibility Study on Establishing Special Science Elementary School (SSES) Program at Dadiangas West Central Elementary School
- June 11, 2025
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Information System Technology Plan for Farmacia Cartaya’s
- June 11, 2025
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Bridging Reading Gaps: Analyzing the Impact of the National Reading Program on Grade 1 to 3 Learners in Kiliog Elementary School
- June 11, 2025
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Perceptions of Muslim Youth on Halal Animal Feed and Its Importance in Food Production
- June 11, 2025
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Traditional Sports as a Catalyst for Unity Among High School Students: Challenges and Opportunities
- June 11, 2025
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English Placement Test: Baseline Results of New Intake Students
- June 10, 2025
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Establishing A Special Needs Education (SNED) Program at Jose C. Catolico Sr. Elementary School: A Feasibility Study
- June 10, 2025
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Navigating Fatwa Governance: A Comparative Study of Institutional Centralisation and Religious Legitimacy
- June 10, 2025
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Redefining Accounting Pedagogy: Evaluating Propertyquest’s Impact on MFRS 140 Learning in Higher Education
- June 10, 2025
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Predicting Food Price Trends in Nigeria Using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques: LSTM and XGBoost
- June 10, 2025
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Swarm Intelligence and Urban Futures: Rethinking Cities as Co-Evolving Ecologies
- June 10, 2025
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Institutional Internal Practices and Heads of Departments’ Accountability in Public Universities in South-South, Nigeria
- June 10, 2025
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A Quantitative Study of Nigerian Consumers’ Perceptions of Inflation and Its Impact (2023–2024)
- June 10, 2025
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The Role of Sectoral Trade Imbalances in Financial Sector Strain of a Developing Economy: Evidence from Nigeria’s Textile Industry Decline
- June 10, 2025
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The Relationship of Digital Wellbeing to the Emotional Agility of Elementary Teachers
- June 10, 2025
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Lived Experiences of Contractual Criminology Teachers: A Phenomenological Study
- June 10, 2025
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Training Nurses for Export: Perspectives of Stakeholders in Ghana
- June 10, 2025
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Assessing the Information Literacy Skills of First-Year Students at Kwame Nkrumah University, Zambia
- June 10, 2025
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‘Misery in a Foreign Land’: Zimbabwean Migrant Women Labourers’ Experiences of Gender-Based Violence in South Africa
- June 10, 2025
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Design and Analysis of an AI-Driven Tax Avoidance Detection System in Big Data Environments for Public Sector Tax Administration
- June 10, 2025
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Lived Experiences of Public Elementary School Teachers on Hygiene Practices: A Phenomenology
- June 10, 2025
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The Relationship between Distributed Leadership and School Effectiveness: A Systematic Review
- June 10, 2025
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The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Human Longevity: Mitigating Cognitive Overload for Extended Lifespan Among Master’s Students in Mathematics at the Catholic University of Ghana
- June 9, 2025
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The Influence of Nollywood Female Representations on Perception in Rivers State: An Analysis of Adire (2023) and Wura (2023)
- June 9, 2025
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Disentangling the Question of African Agency: Maturing, Retarded or Degenerating?
- June 9, 2025
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Psychological Factors in L2 Learning and Effective Classroom Strategies
- June 9, 2025
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Role of Higher Education in Preparing Graduates for Artificial Intelligence-Driven Careers
- June 9, 2025
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Prophetic Reflections on Nature: Foundations for an Islamic Approach to Ecotherapy
- June 7, 2025
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Learning Space, Lifestyle Practices and Assessment of Teacher’s Teaching Quality: Implications on Academic Performance in Technical-Vocational Livelihood Subjects
- June 7, 2025
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Developing Reality Through Imagination: an Action Learning Approach
- June 7, 2025
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Instructional Videos as An Intervention in Teaching Mathematics in The Modern World: An Action Research
- June 7, 2025
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Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) Adoption in Biofuel Processing: The Role of Policy Incentives, Financial Mechanisms, and Strategic Management
- June 7, 2025
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Development of the Fun Aesthetic Learning Box: Enhancing Six-Years-Old Preschool Students’ Speaking Skills
- June 7, 2025
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Opinion on Malaysia’s Chairmanship of ASEAN in 2025 – Reality & Peril
- June 7, 2025
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Sex Differences in Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Catalyst for Sustainable Development
- June 7, 2025
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The Relationship of Classroom Environment And Engagement Of Alternative Learning System Students
- June 7, 2025
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Challenges and Coping Strategies by Unwed Mothers Pursuing Academic Program: A Qualitative Study
- June 7, 2025
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Predicting Students’ Academic Performance in Social Studies: The Role of Study Habits and Social Media Usage
- June 6, 2025
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Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour and Agropreneurial Intention Among Youth
- June 6, 2025
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Do University Rankings Influence Career Outcomes in the Accounting and Auditing Profession?
- June 6, 2025
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Digital Engagement Strategies of State-Run Museums in Marrakech: A Social Media Content Analysis for Audience Development
- June 6, 2025
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The Use of Soft Power as A Tool for Projecting State’s International Image: A Study of Qatar 2022 Federation of International Football Association (FIFA) World Cup
- June 6, 2025
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Assessment of Instructional Supervision Level of Pre-Service Teachers in Learning Delivery
- June 6, 2025
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Examining the Relationship between Attitude towards Research and Research Skills Development among Junior High School STE Students
- June 6, 2025
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Education
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A Critical Analysis of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Oman’s Educational Sector: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Implications
- June 5, 2025
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Education
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Ethical Teaching Principles and Learning Attitudes of Public Secondary School Students in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
- June 5, 2025
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Education
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Female Labor Force Participation and Sustainable Development: A Global Study
- June 5, 2025
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Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Effective Decision Making in Corporate Financial Entities in Nigeria (A Case Study of Fidelity Bank)
- June 5, 2025
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Health Outcomes and Health Expenditure. A Cross-Sectional Study in Kenya
- June 5, 2025
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Diversity of Higher Fungi on University of Ibadan Campus (2)
- June 5, 2025
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Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction in Foreign Language Learning: Insights through Herzberg’s Theory
- June 5, 2025
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Transitioning to Higher Education: An Assessment on the Readiness of Alternative Learning System (ALS) Graduates Pursuing Bachelor’s Degree
- June 5, 2025
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Enhanced Teacher Induction Program: Its Impact on the Professional Development and Competence of Novice Teachers in Tacurong City Division
- June 5, 2025
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Reading Recovery Program: Experiences of Early Childhood Education (ECE) Teachers
- June 5, 2025
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Education
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Global Trend and Typologies of Common Pedagogies of Teaching Pupils with Visual Impairments in Integrated Primary Schools: A Bibliometric Analysis
- June 5, 2025
- Posted by: Editor IJRISS
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education
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A Bibliometric Analysis on Padlet Research
- June 5, 2025
- Posted by: ijriassadmin
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Education
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Effect of Sawah Technology on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of NERICA Rice Field in the South-East of Nigeria
- June 5, 2025
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Assessing the Impact of Real-Time Simulations on the Pretest and Posttest Performance of Grade 8 Learners
- June 5, 2025
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The Impact of Job and Personal Resources on Job Engagement: A Study of Event Crews in Klang Valley, Malaysia
- June 5, 2025
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Democratic Dialogue: A Pedagogical Strategy in Teaching Controversial Public Issues (CPIs)
- June 5, 2025
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Enhancing Early Childhood Education through Technology Integration in U.S. Classrooms
- June 4, 2025
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Effects of Game-Based Instructional Strategy on Senior Secondary Students’ Interest and Achievement in Probability in Pankshin Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
- June 4, 2025
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E-Learning Materials: Its Effectiveness on the Academic Performance of Grade 10 Students in Computer System Servicing National Certificate II
- June 4, 2025
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The Impact of Students’ Parental Involvement to their Word Problem – Solving Skills in Mathematics
- June 4, 2025
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Education
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Exploring Learning Challenges Faced by Learners with Autism in Special Schools in Laikipia County, Kenya
- June 4, 2025
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Learning Gaps and Losses among Elementary Pupils in Lanao Del Sur I: Basis for a Proposed Curriculum Development Plan
- June 4, 2025
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A Status of Nomadic Arunthathiyar Entrepreneur of Amulet Makers in Tirunelveli Corporation of Tamil Nadu
- June 4, 2025
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Managing Jails at the Height of Covid 19 Pandemic: Jail Officers in Focus
- June 4, 2025
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Factors Affecting Online Shopping Purchase Intention among Generation Z Consumers in Malaysia
- June 4, 2025
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Corporate Tax and Financial Performance: A Case of Listed Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria
- June 4, 2025
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Lived Experiences of Generation X High School Teachers in Teaching Araling Panlipunan Among Learners
- June 4, 2025
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A State University’s Disability-Inclusive Disaster Preparedness Program for Students with Disabilities
- June 4, 2025
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Factors Influencing the Performance of Congregational Obligatory Prayers at Mosques in Kelantan from the Perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
- June 4, 2025
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The Competency Level of Learners in Physics: Basis for Designing and Implementing Multimedia-Enhanced Reading Materials
- June 3, 2025
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Impact of Developmental Games on Motor Skill Coordination and Agility Enhancement of School Children Aged 10-12 Years
- June 3, 2025
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The Role of Spirituality: Towards a Biblical Model of Collective Social Responsibility (CSR)
- June 3, 2025
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Revealing the Effect of Customer-Perspective Measures on Organizational Performance Indicators and the Moderating Role of Management Support: A Comprehensive Review of Ghana’s Oil and Gas, and Telecommunication Sectors
- June 3, 2025
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Conservation Of Lake Lanao: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices from the Lens of Raya, Tugaya Settlers
- June 3, 2025
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Developmental Local Policy For Aquaculture Farming in San Juan, Batangas: Basis For Sustainable Livelihood Program
- June 3, 2025
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Exploring the Relationship Between Sustainability, Guest Experience, and Tourism Recovery in Hospitality Industry
- June 3, 2025
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The Influence of Culturally Responsive Mathematics Instruction and Students’ Sense of Belonging on their Attitude towards Mathematics
- June 3, 2025
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Family Communication Orientation, Psychosocial Adjustment and the Disparity in Science Performance among Urban-Rural Secondary School Cohorts in Owerri Education Zone, Nigeria
- June 3, 2025
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From App to Fluent: A Bibliometric Analysis on the Impact of English Conversation Application on ESL Learners’ Skills
- June 3, 2025
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Mapping the Research Landscape on Dropout in Higher Learning Institutions: A Bibliometric Approach
- June 3, 2025
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The Roles of Social Environment in Adult Women’s English Learning: A Phenomenological Study of Kampung Inggris, Pare, East Jawa, Indonesia
- June 3, 2025
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Gamifying Economics Education: A New Frontier in Teaching Innovation
- June 3, 2025
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Female Students’ Perceptions towards Physics-Related Careers in Liberia: A Case of University of Liberia, Montserrado County, Liberia
- June 2, 2025
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Teachers’ Professional Development and Environmental Education Students’ Academic Performance in the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- June 2, 2025
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The Philippine Army’s Doctrine Manual Backlogs: Towards an Improved Doctrine Development System
- June 2, 2025
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Hungry, Hurried, and at the Store: Exploring On-the-Go Meal Choices
- June 2, 2025
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Comprehensive Analysis of Impacts and Adaptation Strategies Across Key Sectors
- June 2, 2025
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Offering Special Needs Education (Sned) Program at Shuttle Elementary School: A Feasibility Study
- June 2, 2025
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Education
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Psychological Contract and its Influence on Organisational Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Teachers in Zambian Public Schools
- June 2, 2025
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Adventist Education: Engagement on Spiritual Activities as Correlate to Well-Being Levels Through Selected Life Domains among Senior High Students
- June 2, 2025
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Effect of Innovation Strategy on Performance of Insurance Industry in Kenya
- June 2, 2025
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Brand Image Mediates the Influence of E-WOM and Product Quality on Wardah Cosmetic Purchase Decisions (Case Study On Gen Z Women In Ubud District)
- June 2, 2025
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Charting New Horizons: The Experiences of Neophyte Academic Coordinators
- June 1, 2025
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Enhancing Critical Thinking and Creativity in Mathematics: An Explanatory Sequential Investigation of Teachers’ Instructional Strategies
- June 1, 2025
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Education
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Determinants of Tourists’ Cultural Destination Loyalty in Sri Lanka
- May 31, 2025
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Education
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Establishing Internal Consistency of English Language Proficiency Components of the English Placement Test (EPT)
- May 31, 2025
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Education
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Parolees’ Lived Experiences: Stories of Reformation
- May 31, 2025
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Edumation: The Development of An Animated Storytelling
- May 31, 2025
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Causes and Effects of Wrong Cost Estimating on Public Building Projects in Enugu State, Nigeria
- May 31, 2025
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Challenges of Nonprofit Organizations and Start-ups in Developing Countries: A Literature Review
- May 31, 2025
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Exploring Leadership Disposition Among the Youth in the Techiman South District of the Adventist Church, Ghana: A Quantitative Assessment
- May 31, 2025
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When Beliefs Hurt: The Relationship between Women’s Gender Role Attitudes and Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence
- May 31, 2025
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Perceived Attitude, Perceived Self-Efficacy and Performance in Calculus of the Grade 12 Students in Shanghai China
- May 31, 2025
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” Teachers’ Perspectives on Addressing Student Misbehavior in the Classroom”
- May 31, 2025
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Education
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Narrative Insights into Modular Advisers’ Roles and Challenges in Public School
- May 31, 2025
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Education
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School, Work, Life: The Challenges and Strategies of Graduate Working Students
- May 30, 2025
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The NGT Methodological Approach in Designing the 21st Century Manhaj for the Study of Turāth Fiqh Shafi’i Texts: An Effort to Produce Mutafaqqih Individuals
- May 30, 2025
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Laboratory Manual for Senior High School Physical Science Class
- May 30, 2025
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Effectiveness of Personnel Retention Strategies on Labour Turnover in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Nigeria
- May 30, 2025
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Teachers’ Perspectives and Practices in Implementing Interdisciplinary Approach in Teaching Science
- May 30, 2025
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Effects of Different Fermentation Periods on the Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties of “Tuwo” Produced from Maize and Bambara Groundnut
- May 30, 2025
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A Bibliometric Analysis towards Global Framework for Research Grant Compliance and TRL Monitoring
- May 30, 2025
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AgriSmart: an IoT-Based Smart Gardening Model for High-Rise Academic Buildings
- May 30, 2025
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The Impact of Leadership Style and Work Environment on Employee Performance: Work Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
- May 30, 2025
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Stigma and Discrimination Faced by Women Living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA)
- May 30, 2025
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education
- May 30, 2025
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Education
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Students’ Politeness Strategies and Politeness Maxims in Student-Teacher Online Interactions
- May 30, 2025
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Education
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Embracing the Boundless Journey: The Lived Experience of Filipino Mensa Domini Sisters Towards Aging
- May 29, 2025
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“If At First You Don’t Succeed”: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Successful Filipino Licensure Examination Retakers
- May 29, 2025
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Gender Differences in Co-Curricular Involvement and Academic Performance
- May 29, 2025
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The Influence of Peer Pressure on Self-Esteem among Private University Students
- May 29, 2025
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Overcoming Language Anxiety and Cultural Adaptation Challenges: A Study of International Students in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions
- May 29, 2025
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The Effectiveness of Using the Brainstorming Method in Enriching Arabic Vocabulary through Telegram Application among Non-Native Arabic Students
- May 29, 2025
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Evaluating the Impact of Organizational and Cultural Barriers on Organizational Performance Indicators and the Moderating Effect of Management Support: An In-Depth Exploration of Ghana’s Oil, Gas, and Telecommunication Sectors
- May 29, 2025
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Psycho-Personal Variables on Social Media Engagement of Students in the Akwa Ibom State
- May 29, 2025
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From Familiarity to Fresh Starts: Understanding the Transition Experiences of Teachers in New Schools
- May 29, 2025
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Roles of Head Teachers in the Implementation of the Curriculum: A Study on Leadership Influence in Enhancing Instructional Practices of Teachers
- May 29, 2025
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Innovative Learning Strategies and Students’ Engagement in Social Science in Public Secondary High Schools
- May 29, 2025
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education
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Hurdles and Breakthroughs of Academic Work-life Balance of Science Teachers in Pursuing Post-graduate Studies
- May 29, 2025
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Trials and Triumphs: Lived Experiences of DOST Scholars Pursuing Graduate Science Education
- May 28, 2025
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Artificial intelligence and its role in the learning process for students of the Automated Media Department (A study on students of the Automated Media Department at the University of Djelfa Algeria)
- May 28, 2025
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The Influence of Privacy, Bias, and Surveillance Concerns on Teachers’ Willingness to Use Artificial Intelligence in Education
- May 28, 2025
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Assessing the Impact of CL4TEM Innovation on Teaching Practices of Kaduna State University Science Education Department Lecturers Using the Individual Innovativeness Scale
- May 28, 2025
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Prevalence of Environmental Abuse among Market Women in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
- May 28, 2025
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The Current State of Legal Governance in the Batam Free Trade Zone: Opportunities for Improvement
- May 28, 2025
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Fading Brilliance: Narratives of Former Honor Students
- May 28, 2025
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Implications of corporate social responsibility legal policies on the impact of saving the environment in Indonesia
- May 28, 2025
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Echoes from the Hills: Narratives of Teachers in Teaching Research Subjects in Rural Schools
- May 28, 2025
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Firm-Specific Determinants of Financial Performance: Evidence from Multinational Companies in Nigeria
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Lived Experiences of Non-Major Social Studies Teachers in Junior and Senior High Schools in the Division of Tandag City, Philippines
- May 28, 2025
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English Speaking Competency: A Study on Primary Teachers in Bangladesh
- May 28, 2025
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“Transnational Education in Singapore: A Gateway to Global Opportunities”
- May 28, 2025
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Stakeholder Challenges in Developing the Equestrian Tourism: A Case Study of Malaysia
- May 28, 2025
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Click, Add to Cart, and Checkout: Unpacking E-Commerce Features Driving Loyalty among Online Users in Cauayan City, Isabela
- May 28, 2025
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A Formulaic Approach: Building a Different Method for Calculating a Right Triangle’s Area Using the Hypotenuse and One Leg
- May 28, 2025
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Enhancing Research with Chatgpt: Seven Strategic Applications
- May 27, 2025
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Reusing Academic Phrases in Student Writing: Tertiary ESL Instructors’ Views on Pedagogical and Ethical Implications
- May 27, 2025
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Motivational Incentives and Teachers’ Job Performance in Secondary Schools in Southwest, Nigeria
- May 27, 2025
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Systematic Literature Review of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices in Developing Countries: A Focus on Zimbabwe
- May 27, 2025
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Trials and Triumphs of Licensed Professional Teachers Working in Non-Teaching Industry
- May 27, 2025
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Instructional Competence and Its Impact on the Performance of Public Junior High School Technology and Livelihood Education Teachers
- May 27, 2025
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Development Partners and their Impact on Education Reforms: Comparative Examples in Ghana
- May 27, 2025
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The Effects of High Energy Costs on International Students’ Academic Performance – A Cross-Sectional Survey at the University of the West of Scotland
- May 27, 2025
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Navigating the Labyrinth of Sticky Floor: Challenges and Strategies in Women’s Career Progression in a Zimbabwean University
- May 27, 2025
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Somaliland Democracy and Election’s
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Nature-Inspired Weaponry and Defence in Indigenous Orang Asli Communities of Malaysia: A Literary Perspective
- May 27, 2025
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A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Publications on Financial Crisis
- May 27, 2025
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The Importance of Enriching Physical Education through Continuous Assessment to achieve Student’s learning outcomes in Bangladesh.
- May 26, 2025
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Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Activity with Phet Simulations: A Strategic Intervention Material in Teaching Impulse and Momentum
- May 26, 2025
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Realistic Mathematics Education: Investigating the Argumentation Dialogue in Problem-Solving Activity
- May 26, 2025
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The Village Economy: An Intrinsic Analysis of Two Kiput Villages in Marudi District
- May 26, 2025
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Self-Endurance and Wellbeing Among Employees in Public and Private Organizations
- May 26, 2025
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Challenges and Coping Strategies of a High School Honor Student Enrolled in Tertiary Education
- May 26, 2025
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The Role of Collaborative Learning Environments to the Digital Pedagogies of Experienced Teachers
- May 26, 2025
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Exploring Gender Differences in Sense of Efficacy of Secondary School Teachers: A Comparative Study
- May 26, 2025
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Human-Animal Interaction in the Program Structure: A Case Study of Recuperation Process among Persons who used Drugs (PWUDS)
- May 26, 2025
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The Correlation between Motivational Factors and Foreign Language Acquisition Anxiety
- May 24, 2025
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Integrating Art Therapy into Counselling Education: Insights from Art Educators, Art Therapists, and Counsellors in Ghanaian Universities
- May 24, 2025
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Enhancing Early Numeracy and Environmental Awareness Through Pop-Up Books: A Multisensory Approach in Philippine Daycare Centers
- May 24, 2025
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Teaching Efficacy and Enneagram Personality Types: A Correlational Study Among Pre-Service Early Childhood Educators in Quezon City University
- May 24, 2025
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Perceptions of Cloud-Based Learning Facilities among U.S. College Students
- May 23, 2025
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Myanmar Pre-Service Teachers’ Awareness on the Role of Teachers as Leaders of Peace Education
- May 23, 2025
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“Bringing Learning to Life: Essential Factors of Play-Based Learning at Home – A Case Study of Mazabuka, Zambia”
- May 23, 2025
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Career Adaptability for Sustainable Workforce Development: A Systematic Review in Vocational Education
- May 23, 2025
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Strategic Brand Resilience in Higher Education: Insights from Keller’s Customer-Based Brand Equity Model
- May 23, 2025
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Self-Efficacy and Culinary Knowledge of Technology and Livelihood Education Students
- May 23, 2025
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Students’ Motivation in Studying English Through Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)
- May 23, 2025
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Assessing the Impact of Technology-Based Multimedia Tools in Pre-pandemic on Senior High School Students’ Learning Performance
- May 23, 2025
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Descriptive Analysis of Knowledge for Teaching Mathematics to Students with Special Education Needs with Learning Disabilities
- May 23, 2025
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Organizational Climate, Managerial Skills, and Professional Competence of School Heads: A Structural Equation Model on School Effectiveness
- May 23, 2025
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Relationship Between Teachers’ Training and use of Portfolio Assessment to Measure Children’s Learning in Bungoma County, Kenya.
- May 23, 2025
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Influence of Pre-Service Teachers’ Preparation in Handling a Culturally Diverse Early Childhood Classroom
- May 23, 2025
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Practices of Daycare Workers in Quezon City in Encouraging Age-Appropriate Learning and Socialization
- May 23, 2025
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A Case Study of KJ Industries Limited (POCKEY) : Time and Motion Study in Warehousing and Logistics
- May 23, 2025
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Comparative Study of Students’ Peer Support within Open Groups on Social Network Sites Among Education, Engineering, and Entrepreneurship Students at Quezon City University
- May 23, 2025
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Social Media Influence on the Academic Performance of Senior High School Students in Borongan City
- May 23, 2025
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Optimizing Vocational Learning through Effective and Constructive Feedback
- May 22, 2025
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Beyond The Classroom: Challenges and Resilience of Teachers in Remote Schools
- May 22, 2025
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Initiatives of Teachers Handling Research Subject in Senior High School
- May 22, 2025
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The Ineffectiveness of the Current Practice of Evaluating Lecturers’ Teaching in the Classroom by Administrators in Malaysia: A Conceptual Analysis
- May 22, 2025
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From Trauma to Resilience: Understanding the Impact of Community Trauma on ECD in South Africa and the Transformative Role Community-Based Interventions Play
- May 22, 2025
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Teachers’ Use of Portfolio Assessment to Measure Children’s Learning in Public and Private Primary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya.
- May 22, 2025
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Civic Engagement as a Predictor of Academic Success: A Correlational Study Among Teacher Education Students at Eastern Samar, Philippines
- May 22, 2025
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A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Class Size on Academic Performance in Secondary and Higher Education
- May 22, 2025
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Challenges Faced by Non-Native English Teachers: A Phenomenological Inquiry at Dong Nai University
- May 22, 2025
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Sustainability Development Through one Barangay, one Project (Obop): Assessing its Effects and Perceived Implications
- May 22, 2025
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Community-Driven Corporate Social Responsibility Through Educational Outreach: A Case Study of Open University Malaysia’s Rural Engagement Projects
- May 22, 2025
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The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Organizational Support with Teacher Enthusiasm among Primary School Teachers in Guiyang City, China
- May 22, 2025
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A Systematic Literature Review for Improving the Development of Agricultural Asnaf Entrepreneurs in Malaysia
- May 22, 2025
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Exploring the Effect of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS17) Adoption on the Quality of Financial Reports: A Case of Insurance Companies in Zambia
- May 22, 2025
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Profiling Least Mastered Competencies among Grade 11 Non-Stem Learners: A Basis for Targeted Instructional Intervention
- May 22, 2025
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Development of Balancing Equation Learning Packet: A Strategic Intervention Material for Grade 10 Learners
- May 22, 2025
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Thermoquest Board Game for Grade 9 Learners: Student Performance and Perceptions of the Board Game
- May 22, 2025
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Assessing General Chemistry Learning Gaps: A Needs Assessment of Competency Mastery among Grade 11 Learners
- May 22, 2025
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Structural Equation Modelling of Students’ Strand Preference in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
- May 21, 2025
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AI and Educational Technology in K–12 Curriculum Reform: A Pathway Toward Smart Education in Bangladesh
- May 21, 2025
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Experiences of Learners with Visual Impairment in the Use of Information Communication Technology in Two Selected Schools in Kabwe District
- May 21, 2025
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Recurrent Flood-Washed Flexible Pavement Failures in Wilberforce Island, Nigeria: Proposed Solutions
- May 21, 2025
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Revolutionizing the Workplace: Examining the Impact of Flat Hierarchies on Organizational Communication in a Developing Country
- May 21, 2025
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Contextualized Stem Lesson on Plant Asexual Reproduction Among Grade 7 Learners
- May 21, 2025
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“Stop, Look, Listen, And Repeat: Improving English Reading Fluency with Libratalks”
- May 21, 2025
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Enhancing the Effectiveness of Homework as a Teaching and Learning Tool: A Survey of Primary Schools in Zimbabwe.
- May 21, 2025
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Beyond Paychecks and Promotions: A Multidimensional Determinants of Job Satisfaction in Higher Education Institutions
- May 21, 2025
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Moral Virtues, Social Values and Academic Behaviour of Students
- May 21, 2025
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Holistic Support Ecosystem: Key to the Success of Special Education in Chinese National-Type Schools in Malaysia
- May 21, 2025
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Application of Fuzzy Delphi Techniques to Identify Content Elements and Implementation Methods for Teaching Arabic Speaking Skills Based on Quranic Verses
- May 21, 2025
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![Application of Fuzzy Delphi Techniques to Identify Content Elements and Implementation Methods for Teaching Arabic Speaking Skills Based on Quranic Verses Siti Salwa Mohd Noor1*, Norasyikin Osman2, Mohd Shahrizal Nasir3, Norhayati Che Hat4, Nurkhamimi Zainuddin5 1,2,3,4 Faculty of Languages and Communications, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 5Faculty of Major Language Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90400443 Received: 16 April 2025; Accepted: 20 April 2025; Published: 21 May 2025 ABSTRACT The Arabic language has uniqueness in its nuances, grammatical structure, syntax, and style that are clearer in the Qur'an. The use of verses from the Quran is often used in learning Arabic grammar. However, there is less research that focuses on the use of Quranic verses for teaching Arabic speaking skills. This study aims to apply the Fuzzy Delphi technique to identify the content elements and implementation methods for teaching Arabic speaking skills using Qur'anic verses, ultimately proposing a content model named QUL. The questionnaire was built based on the Design and Development study (DDR) by referring to Gagne's learning theory which consists of nine learning elements and the Arabic Primary School Curriculum Standard Document (KSSR) which contains four elements that must be present in a curriculum. This questionnaire consists of 28 items that have been distributed to ten experts in the field of teaching and learning Arabic at several selected higher education institutions. The collected data is analyzed according to the data analysis process based on the Fuzzy Delphi method through Fuzzy Triangle Numbering and Fuzzy Evaluation (Fuzzy A Score). The findings of the study reveal that the key components of the QUL model for teaching Arabic speaking skills include the integration of vocabulary and grammar, the use of Qur'anic verses, value-based modules, student-centered learning, the incorporation of digital tools, and effective assessment of speaking skills. This model represents an innovative instructional approach aimed at enhancing Arabic speaking abilities through thematically organized, concise Qur'anic verses. Future research will focus on developing the QUL module content specifically for teaching Arabic speaking skills, with a particular emphasis on its application in Malaysia. Keywords: Arabic, Al-Quran, Speaking Skills, Fuzzy Delphi INTRODUCTION The Arabic language curriculum should be flexible and comprehensive to produce students who are adaptive to the needs of the future in line with the challenges of the 21st century as well as mainstream changes. Malaysia has taken steps to introduce the Arabic language in all levels of education at the national level. The Malaysian Ministry of Education (KPM) in the fourth edition of the National Education Policy (2017) has detailed the National Curriculum that needs to be followed for effective knowledge delivery. This National Curriculum includes the curriculum at every level and level of schooling. Among the National Curriculum programs introduced to empower Islamic Education in the National Education Transformation agenda are the Early Integrated Curriculum (KBD) and Tahfiz Integrated Curriculum (KBT) as well as Early Sixth Form Curriculum (STAM). KPM (2017) also empowers the learning of Arabic through a series of curriculum programs offered in schools, among which are the j-QAF program, Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab (TMUA) and Class Aliran Agama (KAA). The j-QAF program is an effort to empower Islamic Education (PI) through special emphasis on the teaching of Jawi, the Quran, Arabic and fardu ain which is implemented at the primary school level. Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab (TMUA) aims to produce professionals, technocrats and hafiz entrepreneurs who practice Islamic teachings, and have various knowledge skills in line with the National Education Philosophy. The implementation strategy of TMUA ensures that students who follow TMUA take the SPM subject package that has been set, one of which is Arabic. Religious Stream Class (KAA) is a religious stream class that operates in the National Secondary School, KPM using the National Religious Secondary School (SMKA) package. The implementation strategy of KAA includes ensuring that KAA students who follow a religious school need to take a complete and perfect religious school package, namely Arabic, Al-Quran and al-Sunnah Education, and Islamic Syariah Education. In achieving the KPM's vision and mission, the Islamic Education Division (BPI) is responsible for setting objectives to empower Islamic education and the Arabic language in various aspects such as improving the efficiency of managing affairs related to Islamic education and the Arabic language, as well as planning strategic collaboration with the KPM Division and external agencies in provide advisory services related to Islamic education and the Arabic language. The Primary School Standard Curriculum (KSSR) which was implemented in stages from 2011 was also revised to meet the new policy under the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025 so that the quality of the curriculum implemented in primary schools is comparable to international standards. The standard-based curriculum which is an international practice has been embodied in KSSR through the drafting of the Standard Curriculum and Assessment Document (DSKP) for all subjects containing Content Standards, Learning Standards and Performance Standards. KSSR Arabic aims to produce students who master the basics of Arabic language skills and can communicate using simple sentences as well as show positive behavior in the personal development of individuals mithali for the development of religion, nation and country. KSSR Arabic was enacted with the aim of promoting the learning of additional languages other than English as intended in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) (2013-2025). This curriculum focuses on mastering the basic skills of the Arabic language, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. These skills are specified specifically in the Content Standard (SK) and Learning Standard (SP) which have been determined in the Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document (DSKP). The success of students in mastering these four language skills can increase their readiness to interact with simple sentences about themselves and their environment in accordance with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The importance of the Arabic language includes the importance of studying science, research, social, economic, political, tourism and international relations. It also considers the need of the new generation to master more than one language. Learning a foreign language involves the mastery of four language skills, namely listening, reading, writing and speaking. Abdul Bari (2011) stated that the goal of learning a foreign language is for realistic and successful communication. Louma (2004) states that a student's ability to speak a foreign language is evidence of his ability to use the foreign language. The importance of learning Arabic is also reinforced by the decline of kalamullah, which is al-Quran al-Karim and al-Hadith al-Nabawi in Arabic. The use of examples from the verses of the Quran in the teaching of Arabic language is no stranger, especially in the teaching of Arabic grammar and rhetoric. Arabic language teaching approach through Al-Quran-based modules are reported to outperform other approaches that have been proposed in previous studies. LITERATURE REVIEW Al-Quran Approach in Arabic Language Learning The Qur'an has a great influence and an important role in the unification and uniformity of the Arabic language which has various dialects. Previous studies show that the Al-Quran approach is an alternative in teaching Arabic grammar. The nahu al-Quran approach means the approach of using the al-Quran as the main medium in teaching and learning. This approach began to gain attention when al-Ansari produced a book entitled Naẓariyyah al-Naḥwi al-Qur'ani Nash'atuha wa Taṭawwuruha which emphasized the need to make the Qur'an the basis of Arabic grammar. The study of Suhaila Zailani et al. (2012) also found that teaching grammar using the Al-Quran approach was well received among the study respondents. There is a suggestion that the reading approach in prayer be used as a basis in the construction of the Arabic language learning module. Zamri Rajab et. al (2016) in the study also found findings that support the grammar approach of the Quran. He emphasized that taking verses or verses from the Qur'an is a selective approach in learning Arabic because the Qur'an is friendly in their daily lives. Mohd Zulkifli (2015) stated that the Quran is the best source for improving the mastery of the Arabic language. This is because students can memorize the verses and can use them again when practicing Arabic. Al-Fatani has used Shahid al-Quran (SQ) in explaining Nahu knowledge in his book Tashil Nayl al-Amani (Zamri et al., 2015). Through the SQ method, students learn Arabic grammar based on selected verses from the Quran and understand language methods better. This study sees that the Arabic teaching and learning in Malaysia is one of the opportunities for students to learn and understand the Quran through its source language. Students will understand the connection between the Arabic language and verses of the Quran and remember them more easily. This Arabic speaking model and module based on verses of the Qur'an not only helps students learn the Qur'an through a new method but also helps them practice the Arabic language in communication. Learning Arabic is the beginning of learning Islam itself. Arabic language has been used in all affairs related to Muslim worship involving social, political, economic and educational aspects. Many Arabic terms have been absorbed into the local language after the arrival of Islam and the process of globalization and Islamization took place. Al-Quran learning methods such as Iqra' al-Taisir, the al-Baghdadi technique, are very famous among the community in Malaysia. However, this method only emphasizes the aspect of identifying and pronouncing hijaiiyah letters in the Arabic language along with tajwid reading. This method also does not focus on aspects of the Arabic language from the point of view of grammar and vocabulary. Speaking Skills in Arabic Language Learning Speaking is the most important part of language practice and its use in human life after listening skills. It is a productive skill that is temporary, unplanned, context dependent, verbal or auditory, and dynamic (Hughes, 2017). Modern language education emphasizes the development of communicative competence, where students are encouraged to engage in meaningful and real communication (Safitri & Dewanti, 2020). The aim is to equip students with practical language skills that are effective and can be used in everyday communication. The ability of students to master speaking skills well and effectively usually shows a high level of mastery of a language. The main components of speaking skills that represent indicators of students' speaking ability can be summarized as phonemic aspects (pronunciation and fluency), linguistic aspects (vocabulary, morphology, and grammar rules), intellectual aspects (thinking) and pragmatic and tactile aspects (comprehension and performance). (Siti Salwa, 2017). Arabic speaking skills teaching strategies should emphasize student-centered learning strategies. This strategy will increase the optimal involvement of students in oral language activities. According to Azhar et al. (2022) speaking skills in Arabic require a communicative learning process and require extensive training. Teachers need to know the concept of teaching speaking skills so that the strategies implemented can achieve the learning goals. Teachers also need to focus on student-centered learning, that is, students are given the opportunity to speak and interact actively in Arabic. Teachers act as facilitators and mentors who guide and support students. However, speaking skills are the most difficult skills for most foreign language students to master compared to other language skills. Previous studies have found that the level of mastery of students who learn Arabic as a whole, whether writing or reading or speaking, is still at a moderate or weak level (Siti Salwa et al., 2021; Mohd Saiful et al., 2017). According to Asma & Nursilah (2020) the main problem faced by students is speech problems because Arabic is not a language that is often used in daily speech. Arabic is also a language that is less mastered among students, especially students at Institutions of Public Higher Education. Several weaknesses were also identified, among which students were unable to relate the vocabulary learned at school to the verses of the Qur'an that were read every day, there was no connection between the understanding of a topic taught with the Qur'an and students did not know the variety of meanings of the vocabulary found in the Quran (Nur Hikmah & Zamri, 2021). The use of verses from the Quran is often used in learning Arabic grammar. However, there are almost no studies that focus on the use of Quranic verses to hone students' Arabic speaking skills. However, the Qur'an is a source of knowledge and practice of the Arabic language itself. Therefore, this study aims to develop all models of Arabic speaking skills based on the verses of the Qur'an called QUL. Gagne's Learning Theory The construction of a QUL model for Arabic speaking skills based on Quranic verses is adapted from Gagne's learning theory. Gagne & Wager (1992) have proposed nine steps of teaching and delivery in the classroom, which are to get students' attention , explain to students the learning objectives, stimulate students' memory of previous information and relate it to new information, deliver course content, provide learning guidance, ask students to apply knowledge , provide feedback on student activities, assess student performance and provide students with opportunities to connect concepts with real-world applications . Gagne's theory can also be seen in the development of curriculum standards in Malaysia. Based on the Arabic Language Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document (DSKP) prepared by the Ministry of Education through the Primary School Standard Curriculum (2015) revised in 2017, there are four components that must be present, namely course standards, content standards, implementation standards and curriculum assessment standards. This component is also the basis of the development of a questionnaire to identify the necessary elements in the standard of content and the standard of implementation of Arabic speaking skills based on the verses of the Qur’an, based on the verses of the Qur'an. The conceptual framework of QUL model development theory can be seen in Figure 1. Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework of Gagne's Learning Theory (1992) and the DSKP (2015) Fig. 1 explains the conceptual framework of Gagne's learning theory which is the basis of the QUL model that is to be built. However, there are only two main focuses of the discussion in this study, namely identifying the content construct and the implementation method for the teaching model of Arabic speaking skills using the Fuzzy Delphi technique. Each standard is represented by items proposed by the researcher after conducting a literature review and needs analysis. Details of each expert-accepted standard for the QUL model will be described in the study findings. METHODOLOGY Research Design The design and development research (DDR) (Richey & Klein, 2007) was used as the design for this study because the approach is practiced developing a measurement tool, product and process in an orderly and systematic manner. Quantitative methods were used in this study to obtain data. The DDR approach helps researchers to design and develop models in addition to being able to use various instruments and data collection methods according to the phases involved. The design and development phase involves a systematic process to clarify the background of a theory and study in the research design. The purpose of this phase is to design and produce an Arabic speaking model based on Quranic verses based on the learning theory proposed by Gagne. The construction of this questionnaire item is based on a literature review because it meets the characteristics of content validity. Research and evaluation are done in the process of building a questionnaire instrument to meet the validity of the content. In this phase, data was collected through the Fuzzy Delphi technique involving ten experts in the field of model building and Arabic PdP. The number of experts required when using this technique is ten people or more. Jones & Twiss (1978) suggest that the optimal number of experts is between ten and 50 people. While Adler and Ziglio (1996) suggest ten to 15 experts when there is high consistency among them. Therefore, this study recruited ten experts in the field who can help the development of the model. Validity in a study is very important to ensure that the instrument or research findings achieve good and quality results. Validity is the ability of a research instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure (Creswell, 2005; Pallant, 2001). The Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire instrument in this study uses five Fuzzy Scales. This questionnaire contains two main constructs consisting of 28 items. A total of three experts were selected for the purpose of validating the questionnaire instrument in this phase. During this validation process, any comments, suggestions and improvements from experts on unclear words, sentences and content items will be corrected. All the processes carried out in this study aim to produce a teaching model of Arabic speaking skills based on the Qur'anic verse that involves theory and authoritative references. This is so that the resulting teaching model meets the standards of academic research and can be applied in teaching and learning Arabic especially in Malaysia. Data Analysis Procedures The design and development of the proposed QUL model is based on a questionnaire using the Fuzzy Delphi method. Table 1 is an explanation of the data collection method, and the approach used to analyze the data. Table 1 QUL Model and Data Collection Method and Analysis Approach QUL Model Method Respondent Approach Design and Development Questionnaire Fuzzy Delphi Field Experts10 lecturers Quantitative Data collected from selected respondents will be analyzed according to the data analysis process based on the Fuzzy Delphi method through Fuzzy Triangle Numbering and Fuzzy Evaluation (Fuzzy A Score). FINDINGS Expert Demographic Information The selection of experts is crucial to achieving the objectives of the study. These experts are responsible for making informed judgments that require a level of knowledge, expertise, and experience beyond that of the general population. Preliminary validation through expert consensus, using the Fuzzy Delphi technique, confirmed the relevance and clarity of the QUL model’s thematic structure. The experts’ demographic information is presented in Table 2. Table 2 Expert Demographic Information Education Rank Frequency Doctoral Degree 9 Masters 1 Work Experience Year Frequency 1 – 10 years 2 11 – 20 years 5 Over 20 years 3 Expertise Field Frequency Applied Arabic 5 Arabic and Education 3 Arabic and Technology 2 Most experts have a Doctorate Degree in their field of expertise. In terms of working experience, most experts have more than ten years of teaching experience. The selected experts are experts in applied Arabic, Arabic and education and Arabic and technology. Expert Consensus Analysis of the Content Standard Constructs of the QUL Model This section describes the components of speaking skills that must be present in the selection of sentences for the Arabic speaking teaching model. The proposed components involve vocabulary, grammar, morphology, phonology and pragmatics of the Arabic language. Only five items were accepted by experts out of 17 items presented in the questionnaire as stated in Table 3. Table 3 QUL Model Content Standard Construct Items Item Terms of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Terms of Defuzzification Process Threshold value, d Percentage of Expert Group Agreement m1 m2 m3 Skor Fuzzy (A) 3 0.098 80% 0.560 0.760 0.960 0.760 6 0.153 100% 0.500 0.700 0.900 0.700 7 0.183 90% 0.480 0.680 0.880 0.680 10 0.147 100% 0.480 0.680 0.880 0.680 17 0.171 90% 0.520 0.720 0.920 0.720 Triangle Fuzzy Numbers 1) Threshold Value (d) ≤ 0.2 2) Expert Consensus Percentage > 75% Defuzzification Process 3) Fuzzy Score (A) ≥ a – cutoff value = 0.5 Based on the findings in Table 3 above, all items recorded a threshold value (d) ≤ 0.2. These results show that all these items have been agreed upon by the experts. The percentage of expert group agreement shows that all items are above 75% and all defuzzification values for items are also above the α value - cutoff value = 0.5. The results of the study show that the items in the content standard design get consensus from experts. Items are prioritized as shown in Table 4 below Table 4 Position of accepted Items based on Priority Item C3 Quranic verse needs to be short and to the point. C17 Quranic verse needs to highlight pure values in Islam. C6 Quranic verse needs to be arranged according to a specific theme. C7 Quranic verse must combine a grammar method and some vocabulary. C10 Quranic verse must focus on vocabulary mastery. The items in Table 4 consist of items for the content construct aspects that need to be emphasized according to priority by the researcher in developing the QUL model. Expert Consensus Analysis of QUL Model Implementation Standard Constructs This section describes the content pedagogical knowledge requirements (Objectives, Content, Implementation, Assessment), teaching and learning methods/techniques (Student-centered learning strategies: Imitation techniques, memorization techniques and the use of digital applications), as well as activity planning (Communication activities two-way: Dialogue and acting) that should be present in the QUL model. Only six items were accepted by experts out of 11 items presented in the questionnaire. Table 5 QUL Model Implementation Standard Construct Items Item Terms of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Terms of Defuzzification Process Threshold Value, d Expert Group Agreement Percentage m1 m2 m3 Fuzzy Score (A) 3 0.183 90% 0.500 0.700 0.900 0.700 4 0.183 90% 0.500 0.700 0.900 0.700 5 0.153 100% 0.500 0.700 0.900 0.700 7 0.147 100% 0.520 0.720 0.920 0.720 8 0.098 80% 0.560 0.760 0.960 0.760 9 0.055 90% 0.580 0.780 0.980 0.780 Triangle Fuzzy Numbers 1) Threshold Value (d) ≤ 0.2 2) Expert Consensus Percentage > 75% Defuzzification Process 3) Fuzzy Score (A) ≥ a – cutoff value = 0.5 Based on the findings in Table 5 above, all items recorded a threshold value (d) ≤ 0.2. These results show that all these items have been agreed upon by the experts. The percentage of expert group agreement shows that all items are above 75% and all defuzzification values for items are also above the α value – cutoff value = 0.5. The results of the study show that the items in the design of the implementation standard get consensus from the experts. Items are prioritized as shown in Table 6. Table 6 Position of accepted Items based on Priority Item D9 The QUL model should be suitable for two-way communication activities in the classroom. D8 The QUL model needs to emphasize student-centered learning strategies. D7 The QUL model should be used together with digital applications as one of the teaching methods of speaking skills. D5 The QUL model needs to emphasize imitation techniques as one of the teaching methods of speaking skills. D3 Teachers and students must understand the standard QUL implementation method in teaching speaking skills. D4 Teachers must understand the standard QUL assessment method in teaching speaking skills. The items in Table 6 consist of items for aspects of the implementation construct that need to be emphasized according to priority by the researcher in developing the QUL model. DISCUSSION This study utilizes the Fuzzy Delphi technique to determine the key content elements and instructional methods for teaching Arabic speaking skills through Qur'anic verses, leading to the development of a content model called QUL. Through the items accepted by the experts, 11 items have been identified for the content construct and implementation method of teaching Arabic speaking skills based on verses of the Quran. The details of the elements are as in Table 7. Table 7 QUL content and Implementation Elements based on Fuzzy Delphi Content Implementation 1. The Quranic verses are short and precise. 2. The verses of the Quran contain pure values in Islam. 3. Al-Quran verse order according to theme. 4. Al-Quran verses combine grammatical methods and some vocabulary. 5. Quranic verses focus on vocabulary mastery. 1. Two-way communication activities. 2. Student-centered learning strategies. 3. Digital applications 4. Imitation technique 5. Understand the standard implementation method. 6. Understand the standard of assessment methods. Experts agree on the need to teach Arabic speaking skills in various contexts by using the correct words, vocabulary and grammar. This is in line with the study of Zam et al. (2021) who stated the importance of integrating the teaching of speaking skills with grammar and other supporting aspects such as vocabulary and pronunciation. Schmitt (2008) also explained that learning vocabulary is important because it is the main indicator of the mastery of a language. Khan et al. (2018) also stated that learning any foreign language is basically linked to vocabulary knowledge, even a lack of vocabulary will hinder the process of learning a second language. Therefore, this study suggests the use of vocabulary and grammar found in the verses of the Qur'an for daily speech by choosing short and accurate examples of the verses of the Qur'an. Students will be able to have a more meaningful experience when the Quran is used as a reference when learning Arabic. Emphasis on noble values in the selection of verses from the Quran to develop speaking skills in Arabic also needs to be a priority. These noble values can be applied through vocabulary and grammar themes arranged in modules that will be proposed later. The virtues or morals mentioned in the Qur'an include almost all aspects of human life, starting from simplicity in walking, honesty in business, being kind and devoted to parents, taking care of animals and plants, and being good with neighbors, to to the relationship between husband and wife. The virtues and morals contained in the Qur'an prove that it is a book revealed for mankind, not just for Muslims (Bhutoo & Bhutoo, 2020). Learning vocabulary and grammar requires students' competence in both theoretical and practical aspects. Knowledge of vocabulary and grammar is not enough without knowing when and where to use it. The implementation standard of the QUL Model will be designed needs to comply with the language learning strategy in language learning because it is seen to have a very close relationship with excellent language students (Rubin, 1975). Excellent language learners always practice certain language learning strategies consistently. In fact, appropriate language learning strategies are often found to have a significant relationship with language performance excellence (Green & Oxford, 1995). This is in line with the expert's recommendation that the teaching of Arabic speaking skills based on Quranic verses focuses on student-centered learning strategies. This model suggests two-way communication activities in the classroom and imitation techniques for the implementation of speaking skills using Quranic verses in the classroom. Research will be given to the selection of Arabic vocabulary and grammar that are most used for two-way communication activities. The implementation of teaching speaking skills based on al-Quran verses is also recommended with the help of digital applications. Digital applications include multimedia that makes it easier for teachers to deliver teaching materials to students. Students will feel involved in the learning process because multimedia technology enables interaction in the classroom (Che Suriani et al., 2020). With the features of multimedia technology such as good audio, video, text, graphics and animation, the process of teaching and learning Arabic language skills based on the Quran is more interesting and effective. The involvement of teachers in understanding standard teaching and assessment methods is also important. The delivery of learning and teaching should also be transformative and encourage alternative assessment. Experts agree on the need to provide speaking tests that assess the accuracy of students' use of vocabulary and grammar. Based on that, there is a need to develop a teaching model for speaking Arabic that uses selected verses from the Qur'an. The content elements and implementation methods identified through this Fuzzy Delpi technique help to design a model named as QUL. CONCLUSION To address the evolving needs of 21st-century education, the Arabic language curriculum must be both adaptable and thorough, preparing students with the skills required to navigate future challenges. In support of this goal, the QUL model was introduced—an innovative instructional approach designed to enhance Arabic speaking skills through thematically organized, concise Qur'anic verses. QUL comes from an Arabic word that means say. This word takes its inspiration from the Iqra' program used in Malaysia which refers to a Quran learning system specially designed to make it easier for the public to read the Quran correctly and prioritize the basic understanding of tajwid and letter pronunciation. The model’s core content and implementation strategies were refined using the Fuzzy Delphi technique, ensuring alignment with expert input and educational relevance. QUL offers a practical resource for Arabic language educators, particularly those working with non-native speakers, by providing structured and purposeful content selection. Its flexible framework not only meets current teaching demands but also lays the groundwork for integration into broader global language education initiatives. While developed in the Malaysian context, the QUL model holds potential for broader adoption in Arabic language instruction for non-native speakers globally. QUL is to focus on the mastery of Arabic vocabulary and grammar for speaking Arabic using short and precise verses from the Qur'an and arranged based on themes. This model consisting of oral interaction can offer structured guidance for module development of Arabic speaking skills based on verses of the Quran. This developed model is to enhance instructional effectiveness of Arabic language teachers to non-native speakers and help educators out there in the selection of content for teaching Arabic speaking skills using accurate and short verses from the Qur'an. This model will evolve to stay aligned with advancements in language education. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia for the opportunity conducting this research. This work was supported in part by a grant from The Center for Research Excellence and Incubation Management (CREIM) with the title: Development of a Teaching Model for Speaking Arabic based on Shahid al-Quran (UniSZA/2022/DPU2.0/02). REFERENCES Abdul Bari, M.S. (2011). Maharat al-tahadduth al-ilmiyyah wa al-ada’ [Scientific speaking skills and performance]. Dar al-Masirah. Adler, M., & Ziglio, E. (1996). Gazing into the circle: The Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health. Jessica Kingsly Publishers. Asma Abdul Rahman, Nursilah Ahmad. (2020). Pembinaan model kemahiran bertutur bahasa Arab “Mgg@ Tfmodktba@ Innov” di Institut Pengajian Tinggi Awam (IPTA) Malaysia. Jurnal Kesidang, 5(1), 77-87. Azhar Muhammad, Kamarul Azmi Jasmi, Mohd Ismail Mustari, Saliha Sackkani & Fauziah Ali. (2012, 8-9 Mac). Kemahiran bertutur dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Arab [Speaking skills in teaching and learning Arabic]. 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International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science
![Fig.5 Antioxidant activity of C. ternatea compared with selected plants. Source: Tyan et al. (2018), Rapp. Pharm, 4(3), p.488-491. [43]](https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/AB5-1.jpg)
![Application of Fuzzy Delphi Techniques to Identify Content Elements and Implementation Methods for Teaching Arabic Speaking Skills Based on Quranic Verses Siti Salwa Mohd Noor1*, Norasyikin Osman2, Mohd Shahrizal Nasir3, Norhayati Che Hat4, Nurkhamimi Zainuddin5 1,2,3,4 Faculty of Languages and Communications, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 5Faculty of Major Language Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90400443 Received: 16 April 2025; Accepted: 20 April 2025; Published: 21 May 2025 ABSTRACT The Arabic language has uniqueness in its nuances, grammatical structure, syntax, and style that are clearer in the Qur'an. The use of verses from the Quran is often used in learning Arabic grammar. However, there is less research that focuses on the use of Quranic verses for teaching Arabic speaking skills. This study aims to apply the Fuzzy Delphi technique to identify the content elements and implementation methods for teaching Arabic speaking skills using Qur'anic verses, ultimately proposing a content model named QUL. The questionnaire was built based on the Design and Development study (DDR) by referring to Gagne's learning theory which consists of nine learning elements and the Arabic Primary School Curriculum Standard Document (KSSR) which contains four elements that must be present in a curriculum. This questionnaire consists of 28 items that have been distributed to ten experts in the field of teaching and learning Arabic at several selected higher education institutions. The collected data is analyzed according to the data analysis process based on the Fuzzy Delphi method through Fuzzy Triangle Numbering and Fuzzy Evaluation (Fuzzy A Score). The findings of the study reveal that the key components of the QUL model for teaching Arabic speaking skills include the integration of vocabulary and grammar, the use of Qur'anic verses, value-based modules, student-centered learning, the incorporation of digital tools, and effective assessment of speaking skills. This model represents an innovative instructional approach aimed at enhancing Arabic speaking abilities through thematically organized, concise Qur'anic verses. Future research will focus on developing the QUL module content specifically for teaching Arabic speaking skills, with a particular emphasis on its application in Malaysia. Keywords: Arabic, Al-Quran, Speaking Skills, Fuzzy Delphi INTRODUCTION The Arabic language curriculum should be flexible and comprehensive to produce students who are adaptive to the needs of the future in line with the challenges of the 21st century as well as mainstream changes. Malaysia has taken steps to introduce the Arabic language in all levels of education at the national level. The Malaysian Ministry of Education (KPM) in the fourth edition of the National Education Policy (2017) has detailed the National Curriculum that needs to be followed for effective knowledge delivery. This National Curriculum includes the curriculum at every level and level of schooling. Among the National Curriculum programs introduced to empower Islamic Education in the National Education Transformation agenda are the Early Integrated Curriculum (KBD) and Tahfiz Integrated Curriculum (KBT) as well as Early Sixth Form Curriculum (STAM). KPM (2017) also empowers the learning of Arabic through a series of curriculum programs offered in schools, among which are the j-QAF program, Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab (TMUA) and Class Aliran Agama (KAA). The j-QAF program is an effort to empower Islamic Education (PI) through special emphasis on the teaching of Jawi, the Quran, Arabic and fardu ain which is implemented at the primary school level. Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab (TMUA) aims to produce professionals, technocrats and hafiz entrepreneurs who practice Islamic teachings, and have various knowledge skills in line with the National Education Philosophy. The implementation strategy of TMUA ensures that students who follow TMUA take the SPM subject package that has been set, one of which is Arabic. Religious Stream Class (KAA) is a religious stream class that operates in the National Secondary School, KPM using the National Religious Secondary School (SMKA) package. The implementation strategy of KAA includes ensuring that KAA students who follow a religious school need to take a complete and perfect religious school package, namely Arabic, Al-Quran and al-Sunnah Education, and Islamic Syariah Education. In achieving the KPM's vision and mission, the Islamic Education Division (BPI) is responsible for setting objectives to empower Islamic education and the Arabic language in various aspects such as improving the efficiency of managing affairs related to Islamic education and the Arabic language, as well as planning strategic collaboration with the KPM Division and external agencies in provide advisory services related to Islamic education and the Arabic language. The Primary School Standard Curriculum (KSSR) which was implemented in stages from 2011 was also revised to meet the new policy under the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025 so that the quality of the curriculum implemented in primary schools is comparable to international standards. The standard-based curriculum which is an international practice has been embodied in KSSR through the drafting of the Standard Curriculum and Assessment Document (DSKP) for all subjects containing Content Standards, Learning Standards and Performance Standards. KSSR Arabic aims to produce students who master the basics of Arabic language skills and can communicate using simple sentences as well as show positive behavior in the personal development of individuals mithali for the development of religion, nation and country. KSSR Arabic was enacted with the aim of promoting the learning of additional languages other than English as intended in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) (2013-2025). This curriculum focuses on mastering the basic skills of the Arabic language, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. These skills are specified specifically in the Content Standard (SK) and Learning Standard (SP) which have been determined in the Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document (DSKP). The success of students in mastering these four language skills can increase their readiness to interact with simple sentences about themselves and their environment in accordance with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The importance of the Arabic language includes the importance of studying science, research, social, economic, political, tourism and international relations. It also considers the need of the new generation to master more than one language. Learning a foreign language involves the mastery of four language skills, namely listening, reading, writing and speaking. Abdul Bari (2011) stated that the goal of learning a foreign language is for realistic and successful communication. Louma (2004) states that a student's ability to speak a foreign language is evidence of his ability to use the foreign language. The importance of learning Arabic is also reinforced by the decline of kalamullah, which is al-Quran al-Karim and al-Hadith al-Nabawi in Arabic. The use of examples from the verses of the Quran in the teaching of Arabic language is no stranger, especially in the teaching of Arabic grammar and rhetoric. Arabic language teaching approach through Al-Quran-based modules are reported to outperform other approaches that have been proposed in previous studies. LITERATURE REVIEW Al-Quran Approach in Arabic Language Learning The Qur'an has a great influence and an important role in the unification and uniformity of the Arabic language which has various dialects. Previous studies show that the Al-Quran approach is an alternative in teaching Arabic grammar. The nahu al-Quran approach means the approach of using the al-Quran as the main medium in teaching and learning. This approach began to gain attention when al-Ansari produced a book entitled Naẓariyyah al-Naḥwi al-Qur'ani Nash'atuha wa Taṭawwuruha which emphasized the need to make the Qur'an the basis of Arabic grammar. The study of Suhaila Zailani et al. (2012) also found that teaching grammar using the Al-Quran approach was well received among the study respondents. There is a suggestion that the reading approach in prayer be used as a basis in the construction of the Arabic language learning module. Zamri Rajab et. al (2016) in the study also found findings that support the grammar approach of the Quran. He emphasized that taking verses or verses from the Qur'an is a selective approach in learning Arabic because the Qur'an is friendly in their daily lives. Mohd Zulkifli (2015) stated that the Quran is the best source for improving the mastery of the Arabic language. This is because students can memorize the verses and can use them again when practicing Arabic. Al-Fatani has used Shahid al-Quran (SQ) in explaining Nahu knowledge in his book Tashil Nayl al-Amani (Zamri et al., 2015). Through the SQ method, students learn Arabic grammar based on selected verses from the Quran and understand language methods better. This study sees that the Arabic teaching and learning in Malaysia is one of the opportunities for students to learn and understand the Quran through its source language. Students will understand the connection between the Arabic language and verses of the Quran and remember them more easily. This Arabic speaking model and module based on verses of the Qur'an not only helps students learn the Qur'an through a new method but also helps them practice the Arabic language in communication. Learning Arabic is the beginning of learning Islam itself. Arabic language has been used in all affairs related to Muslim worship involving social, political, economic and educational aspects. Many Arabic terms have been absorbed into the local language after the arrival of Islam and the process of globalization and Islamization took place. Al-Quran learning methods such as Iqra' al-Taisir, the al-Baghdadi technique, are very famous among the community in Malaysia. However, this method only emphasizes the aspect of identifying and pronouncing hijaiiyah letters in the Arabic language along with tajwid reading. This method also does not focus on aspects of the Arabic language from the point of view of grammar and vocabulary. Speaking Skills in Arabic Language Learning Speaking is the most important part of language practice and its use in human life after listening skills. It is a productive skill that is temporary, unplanned, context dependent, verbal or auditory, and dynamic (Hughes, 2017). Modern language education emphasizes the development of communicative competence, where students are encouraged to engage in meaningful and real communication (Safitri & Dewanti, 2020). The aim is to equip students with practical language skills that are effective and can be used in everyday communication. The ability of students to master speaking skills well and effectively usually shows a high level of mastery of a language. The main components of speaking skills that represent indicators of students' speaking ability can be summarized as phonemic aspects (pronunciation and fluency), linguistic aspects (vocabulary, morphology, and grammar rules), intellectual aspects (thinking) and pragmatic and tactile aspects (comprehension and performance). (Siti Salwa, 2017). Arabic speaking skills teaching strategies should emphasize student-centered learning strategies. This strategy will increase the optimal involvement of students in oral language activities. According to Azhar et al. (2022) speaking skills in Arabic require a communicative learning process and require extensive training. Teachers need to know the concept of teaching speaking skills so that the strategies implemented can achieve the learning goals. Teachers also need to focus on student-centered learning, that is, students are given the opportunity to speak and interact actively in Arabic. Teachers act as facilitators and mentors who guide and support students. However, speaking skills are the most difficult skills for most foreign language students to master compared to other language skills. Previous studies have found that the level of mastery of students who learn Arabic as a whole, whether writing or reading or speaking, is still at a moderate or weak level (Siti Salwa et al., 2021; Mohd Saiful et al., 2017). According to Asma & Nursilah (2020) the main problem faced by students is speech problems because Arabic is not a language that is often used in daily speech. Arabic is also a language that is less mastered among students, especially students at Institutions of Public Higher Education. Several weaknesses were also identified, among which students were unable to relate the vocabulary learned at school to the verses of the Qur'an that were read every day, there was no connection between the understanding of a topic taught with the Qur'an and students did not know the variety of meanings of the vocabulary found in the Quran (Nur Hikmah & Zamri, 2021). The use of verses from the Quran is often used in learning Arabic grammar. However, there are almost no studies that focus on the use of Quranic verses to hone students' Arabic speaking skills. However, the Qur'an is a source of knowledge and practice of the Arabic language itself. Therefore, this study aims to develop all models of Arabic speaking skills based on the verses of the Qur'an called QUL. Gagne's Learning Theory The construction of a QUL model for Arabic speaking skills based on Quranic verses is adapted from Gagne's learning theory. Gagne & Wager (1992) have proposed nine steps of teaching and delivery in the classroom, which are to get students' attention , explain to students the learning objectives, stimulate students' memory of previous information and relate it to new information, deliver course content, provide learning guidance, ask students to apply knowledge , provide feedback on student activities, assess student performance and provide students with opportunities to connect concepts with real-world applications . Gagne's theory can also be seen in the development of curriculum standards in Malaysia. Based on the Arabic Language Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document (DSKP) prepared by the Ministry of Education through the Primary School Standard Curriculum (2015) revised in 2017, there are four components that must be present, namely course standards, content standards, implementation standards and curriculum assessment standards. This component is also the basis of the development of a questionnaire to identify the necessary elements in the standard of content and the standard of implementation of Arabic speaking skills based on the verses of the Qur’an, based on the verses of the Qur'an. The conceptual framework of QUL model development theory can be seen in Figure 1. Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework of Gagne's Learning Theory (1992) and the DSKP (2015) Fig. 1 explains the conceptual framework of Gagne's learning theory which is the basis of the QUL model that is to be built. However, there are only two main focuses of the discussion in this study, namely identifying the content construct and the implementation method for the teaching model of Arabic speaking skills using the Fuzzy Delphi technique. Each standard is represented by items proposed by the researcher after conducting a literature review and needs analysis. Details of each expert-accepted standard for the QUL model will be described in the study findings. METHODOLOGY Research Design The design and development research (DDR) (Richey & Klein, 2007) was used as the design for this study because the approach is practiced developing a measurement tool, product and process in an orderly and systematic manner. Quantitative methods were used in this study to obtain data. The DDR approach helps researchers to design and develop models in addition to being able to use various instruments and data collection methods according to the phases involved. The design and development phase involves a systematic process to clarify the background of a theory and study in the research design. The purpose of this phase is to design and produce an Arabic speaking model based on Quranic verses based on the learning theory proposed by Gagne. The construction of this questionnaire item is based on a literature review because it meets the characteristics of content validity. Research and evaluation are done in the process of building a questionnaire instrument to meet the validity of the content. In this phase, data was collected through the Fuzzy Delphi technique involving ten experts in the field of model building and Arabic PdP. The number of experts required when using this technique is ten people or more. Jones & Twiss (1978) suggest that the optimal number of experts is between ten and 50 people. While Adler and Ziglio (1996) suggest ten to 15 experts when there is high consistency among them. Therefore, this study recruited ten experts in the field who can help the development of the model. Validity in a study is very important to ensure that the instrument or research findings achieve good and quality results. Validity is the ability of a research instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure (Creswell, 2005; Pallant, 2001). The Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire instrument in this study uses five Fuzzy Scales. This questionnaire contains two main constructs consisting of 28 items. A total of three experts were selected for the purpose of validating the questionnaire instrument in this phase. During this validation process, any comments, suggestions and improvements from experts on unclear words, sentences and content items will be corrected. All the processes carried out in this study aim to produce a teaching model of Arabic speaking skills based on the Qur'anic verse that involves theory and authoritative references. This is so that the resulting teaching model meets the standards of academic research and can be applied in teaching and learning Arabic especially in Malaysia. Data Analysis Procedures The design and development of the proposed QUL model is based on a questionnaire using the Fuzzy Delphi method. Table 1 is an explanation of the data collection method, and the approach used to analyze the data. Table 1 QUL Model and Data Collection Method and Analysis Approach QUL Model Method Respondent Approach Design and Development Questionnaire Fuzzy Delphi Field Experts10 lecturers Quantitative Data collected from selected respondents will be analyzed according to the data analysis process based on the Fuzzy Delphi method through Fuzzy Triangle Numbering and Fuzzy Evaluation (Fuzzy A Score). FINDINGS Expert Demographic Information The selection of experts is crucial to achieving the objectives of the study. These experts are responsible for making informed judgments that require a level of knowledge, expertise, and experience beyond that of the general population. Preliminary validation through expert consensus, using the Fuzzy Delphi technique, confirmed the relevance and clarity of the QUL model’s thematic structure. The experts’ demographic information is presented in Table 2. Table 2 Expert Demographic Information Education Rank Frequency Doctoral Degree 9 Masters 1 Work Experience Year Frequency 1 – 10 years 2 11 – 20 years 5 Over 20 years 3 Expertise Field Frequency Applied Arabic 5 Arabic and Education 3 Arabic and Technology 2 Most experts have a Doctorate Degree in their field of expertise. In terms of working experience, most experts have more than ten years of teaching experience. The selected experts are experts in applied Arabic, Arabic and education and Arabic and technology. Expert Consensus Analysis of the Content Standard Constructs of the QUL Model This section describes the components of speaking skills that must be present in the selection of sentences for the Arabic speaking teaching model. The proposed components involve vocabulary, grammar, morphology, phonology and pragmatics of the Arabic language. Only five items were accepted by experts out of 17 items presented in the questionnaire as stated in Table 3. Table 3 QUL Model Content Standard Construct Items Item Terms of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Terms of Defuzzification Process Threshold value, d Percentage of Expert Group Agreement m1 m2 m3 Skor Fuzzy (A) 3 0.098 80% 0.560 0.760 0.960 0.760 6 0.153 100% 0.500 0.700 0.900 0.700 7 0.183 90% 0.480 0.680 0.880 0.680 10 0.147 100% 0.480 0.680 0.880 0.680 17 0.171 90% 0.520 0.720 0.920 0.720 Triangle Fuzzy Numbers 1) Threshold Value (d) ≤ 0.2 2) Expert Consensus Percentage > 75% Defuzzification Process 3) Fuzzy Score (A) ≥ a – cutoff value = 0.5 Based on the findings in Table 3 above, all items recorded a threshold value (d) ≤ 0.2. These results show that all these items have been agreed upon by the experts. The percentage of expert group agreement shows that all items are above 75% and all defuzzification values for items are also above the α value - cutoff value = 0.5. The results of the study show that the items in the content standard design get consensus from experts. Items are prioritized as shown in Table 4 below Table 4 Position of accepted Items based on Priority Item C3 Quranic verse needs to be short and to the point. C17 Quranic verse needs to highlight pure values in Islam. C6 Quranic verse needs to be arranged according to a specific theme. C7 Quranic verse must combine a grammar method and some vocabulary. C10 Quranic verse must focus on vocabulary mastery. The items in Table 4 consist of items for the content construct aspects that need to be emphasized according to priority by the researcher in developing the QUL model. Expert Consensus Analysis of QUL Model Implementation Standard Constructs This section describes the content pedagogical knowledge requirements (Objectives, Content, Implementation, Assessment), teaching and learning methods/techniques (Student-centered learning strategies: Imitation techniques, memorization techniques and the use of digital applications), as well as activity planning (Communication activities two-way: Dialogue and acting) that should be present in the QUL model. Only six items were accepted by experts out of 11 items presented in the questionnaire. Table 5 QUL Model Implementation Standard Construct Items Item Terms of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Terms of Defuzzification Process Threshold Value, d Expert Group Agreement Percentage m1 m2 m3 Fuzzy Score (A) 3 0.183 90% 0.500 0.700 0.900 0.700 4 0.183 90% 0.500 0.700 0.900 0.700 5 0.153 100% 0.500 0.700 0.900 0.700 7 0.147 100% 0.520 0.720 0.920 0.720 8 0.098 80% 0.560 0.760 0.960 0.760 9 0.055 90% 0.580 0.780 0.980 0.780 Triangle Fuzzy Numbers 1) Threshold Value (d) ≤ 0.2 2) Expert Consensus Percentage > 75% Defuzzification Process 3) Fuzzy Score (A) ≥ a – cutoff value = 0.5 Based on the findings in Table 5 above, all items recorded a threshold value (d) ≤ 0.2. These results show that all these items have been agreed upon by the experts. The percentage of expert group agreement shows that all items are above 75% and all defuzzification values for items are also above the α value – cutoff value = 0.5. The results of the study show that the items in the design of the implementation standard get consensus from the experts. Items are prioritized as shown in Table 6. Table 6 Position of accepted Items based on Priority Item D9 The QUL model should be suitable for two-way communication activities in the classroom. D8 The QUL model needs to emphasize student-centered learning strategies. D7 The QUL model should be used together with digital applications as one of the teaching methods of speaking skills. D5 The QUL model needs to emphasize imitation techniques as one of the teaching methods of speaking skills. D3 Teachers and students must understand the standard QUL implementation method in teaching speaking skills. D4 Teachers must understand the standard QUL assessment method in teaching speaking skills. The items in Table 6 consist of items for aspects of the implementation construct that need to be emphasized according to priority by the researcher in developing the QUL model. DISCUSSION This study utilizes the Fuzzy Delphi technique to determine the key content elements and instructional methods for teaching Arabic speaking skills through Qur'anic verses, leading to the development of a content model called QUL. Through the items accepted by the experts, 11 items have been identified for the content construct and implementation method of teaching Arabic speaking skills based on verses of the Quran. The details of the elements are as in Table 7. Table 7 QUL content and Implementation Elements based on Fuzzy Delphi Content Implementation 1. The Quranic verses are short and precise. 2. The verses of the Quran contain pure values in Islam. 3. Al-Quran verse order according to theme. 4. Al-Quran verses combine grammatical methods and some vocabulary. 5. Quranic verses focus on vocabulary mastery. 1. Two-way communication activities. 2. Student-centered learning strategies. 3. Digital applications 4. Imitation technique 5. Understand the standard implementation method. 6. Understand the standard of assessment methods. Experts agree on the need to teach Arabic speaking skills in various contexts by using the correct words, vocabulary and grammar. This is in line with the study of Zam et al. (2021) who stated the importance of integrating the teaching of speaking skills with grammar and other supporting aspects such as vocabulary and pronunciation. Schmitt (2008) also explained that learning vocabulary is important because it is the main indicator of the mastery of a language. Khan et al. (2018) also stated that learning any foreign language is basically linked to vocabulary knowledge, even a lack of vocabulary will hinder the process of learning a second language. Therefore, this study suggests the use of vocabulary and grammar found in the verses of the Qur'an for daily speech by choosing short and accurate examples of the verses of the Qur'an. Students will be able to have a more meaningful experience when the Quran is used as a reference when learning Arabic. Emphasis on noble values in the selection of verses from the Quran to develop speaking skills in Arabic also needs to be a priority. These noble values can be applied through vocabulary and grammar themes arranged in modules that will be proposed later. The virtues or morals mentioned in the Qur'an include almost all aspects of human life, starting from simplicity in walking, honesty in business, being kind and devoted to parents, taking care of animals and plants, and being good with neighbors, to to the relationship between husband and wife. The virtues and morals contained in the Qur'an prove that it is a book revealed for mankind, not just for Muslims (Bhutoo & Bhutoo, 2020). Learning vocabulary and grammar requires students' competence in both theoretical and practical aspects. Knowledge of vocabulary and grammar is not enough without knowing when and where to use it. The implementation standard of the QUL Model will be designed needs to comply with the language learning strategy in language learning because it is seen to have a very close relationship with excellent language students (Rubin, 1975). Excellent language learners always practice certain language learning strategies consistently. In fact, appropriate language learning strategies are often found to have a significant relationship with language performance excellence (Green & Oxford, 1995). This is in line with the expert's recommendation that the teaching of Arabic speaking skills based on Quranic verses focuses on student-centered learning strategies. This model suggests two-way communication activities in the classroom and imitation techniques for the implementation of speaking skills using Quranic verses in the classroom. Research will be given to the selection of Arabic vocabulary and grammar that are most used for two-way communication activities. The implementation of teaching speaking skills based on al-Quran verses is also recommended with the help of digital applications. Digital applications include multimedia that makes it easier for teachers to deliver teaching materials to students. Students will feel involved in the learning process because multimedia technology enables interaction in the classroom (Che Suriani et al., 2020). With the features of multimedia technology such as good audio, video, text, graphics and animation, the process of teaching and learning Arabic language skills based on the Quran is more interesting and effective. The involvement of teachers in understanding standard teaching and assessment methods is also important. The delivery of learning and teaching should also be transformative and encourage alternative assessment. Experts agree on the need to provide speaking tests that assess the accuracy of students' use of vocabulary and grammar. Based on that, there is a need to develop a teaching model for speaking Arabic that uses selected verses from the Qur'an. The content elements and implementation methods identified through this Fuzzy Delpi technique help to design a model named as QUL. CONCLUSION To address the evolving needs of 21st-century education, the Arabic language curriculum must be both adaptable and thorough, preparing students with the skills required to navigate future challenges. In support of this goal, the QUL model was introduced—an innovative instructional approach designed to enhance Arabic speaking skills through thematically organized, concise Qur'anic verses. QUL comes from an Arabic word that means say. This word takes its inspiration from the Iqra' program used in Malaysia which refers to a Quran learning system specially designed to make it easier for the public to read the Quran correctly and prioritize the basic understanding of tajwid and letter pronunciation. The model’s core content and implementation strategies were refined using the Fuzzy Delphi technique, ensuring alignment with expert input and educational relevance. QUL offers a practical resource for Arabic language educators, particularly those working with non-native speakers, by providing structured and purposeful content selection. Its flexible framework not only meets current teaching demands but also lays the groundwork for integration into broader global language education initiatives. While developed in the Malaysian context, the QUL model holds potential for broader adoption in Arabic language instruction for non-native speakers globally. QUL is to focus on the mastery of Arabic vocabulary and grammar for speaking Arabic using short and precise verses from the Qur'an and arranged based on themes. This model consisting of oral interaction can offer structured guidance for module development of Arabic speaking skills based on verses of the Quran. This developed model is to enhance instructional effectiveness of Arabic language teachers to non-native speakers and help educators out there in the selection of content for teaching Arabic speaking skills using accurate and short verses from the Qur'an. This model will evolve to stay aligned with advancements in language education. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia for the opportunity conducting this research. 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